ANSWER
TO
A
late
Pamphlet
Entitled
Appolo
Mathematicus
THe
Mathematical
Science
is
the
Art
of
finding
out
the
properties
of
all
figures
which
can
happen
to
any
Body
,
and
of
all
the
motions
and
effects
of
them
;
That
is
,
the
Art
of
finding
out
all
that
Bodies
can
do
one
with
another
;
for
there
is
nothing
done
or
happeneth
in
nature
,
but
by
Bulk
,
Figure
or
Motion
:
and
therefore
a
perfect
Knowledge
of
Mathematicks
is
what
no
Man
can
pretnd
to
,
for
it
would
amount
to
a
perfect
knowledge
of
all
natural
things
.
This
does
not
binder
but
that
many
excellent
persons
have
given
themselves
to
the
Study
of
that
Science
;
for
tho'
they
knew
well
that
they
could
not
arrive
to
a
perfection
,
yet
they
found
that
by
following
the
steps
and
method
of
the
preceeding
Mathematicians
,
they
could
grow
wiser
than
their
Masters
,
and
surmount
difficulties
insuperable
to
those
who
are
ignorant
of
Mathematicks
.
There
is
nothing
in
Natural
Philosophy
(
of
which
Medicin
is
a
part
)
that
deferves
to
be
taken
notice
of
,
except
what
is
invented
and
demonstated
by
the
Mathematicians
;
and
this
is
the
cause
of
Philosophie's
being
so
long
in
so
low
estate
The
Mathematicians
were
so
intent
upon
the
Geometrical
Foundation
and
the
Abstract
Speculation
of
Figutes
that
they
had
no
leisure
to
look
abroad
,
and
to
draw
those
Conclusions
which
are
useful
to
the
Philosophers
:
But
now
that
the
Temple
of
Geometry
is
built
,
the
Mathematicians
have
both
Leisure
and
Inclinations
to
assist
their
Neighbours
,
and
to
lend
them
Propositions
and
Truths
useful
in
bringing
their
Works
to
a
greater
perfection
.
Mr.
Newton
has
effectually
helped
the
Philosophers
;
and
Borrelli
,
but
above
all
Bellini
has
given
great
light
in
Medicipal
matters
,
only
by
the
help
of
Mathematicks
:
And
it
is
noways
strange
that
the
Knowledge
of
Mathematicks
should
be
so
useful
in
the
Theory
of
Medicine
,
since
Mathematicks
are
the
Theory
of
the
effects
produced
in
Nature
by
the
means
of
Figure
,
Bulk
,
and
Motion
,
which
effects
and
events
comprehend
those
also
which
appear
to
us
as
Diseases
and
the
Actions
of
Remedies
;
And
theresore
,
tho'
it
is
not
expected
that
Medicine
by
the
help
of
Mathematicks
should
be
brought
to
its
absolute
and
uttermost
perfection
,
(
for
that
is
not
expected
in
Natural
Philosophy
)
Yet
it
is
evident
from
what
has
been
here
explained
,
and
from
what
some
Men
have
done
as
Bellini
)
that
we
should
have
brought
Medicine
to
an
incredible
perfection
,
if
Mathematical
methods
had
been
used
,
at
least
a
far
greater
perfection
than
can
be
had
by
any
other
methods
.
For
it
is
most
manifest
,
that
if
Medicine
can
be
brought
to
any
degree
of
perfection
,
it
must
be
brought
to
it
by
the
help
of
that
Science
,
which
teaches
what
are
the
effects
of
such
and
such
motions
in
Bodies
Solid
and
Liquid
of
such
and
such
Bulks
,
Consistences
,
Figures
,
and
velocities
combin'd
in
all
manner
of
proportions
:
for
the
Actions
,
Diseases
,
and
Cures
that
hapen
and
are
done
in
our
Bodies
,
are
effects
which
result
from
those
Figures
,
Motions
,
quantities
and
proportions
treated
of
and
demonstrated
in
the
Mathematicks
;
and
theresore
,
it
we
can
have
any
clear
knowledge
of
Diseases
&c.
We
muft
be
beholden
for
it
to
Euclide
,
Apollonius
,
Archimedes
,
Newton
,
and
to
Borrelli
and
Bellini
,
with
others
who
have
made
use
of
Euclide
to
advance
the
knowledge
of
Medicine
.
And
it
serves
to
no
purpose
to
say
,
that
the
Fabrick
of
our
Body
is
intricate
,
and
many
things
in
it
fall
not
under
our
Senses
for
the
more
intricate
it
is
,
the
mote
need
is
there
and
Reason
to
use
the
most
general
and
comprehensive
methods
for
finding
the
mysteries
of
that
structure
:
And
since
the
Mathematical
methods
are
these
only
which
can
serve
us
in
this
design
,
they
ought
to
be
try'd
.
And
we
have
this
motive
to
encourage
us
,
to
wit
,
that
several
things
which
pass'd
for
Truths
in
Medicine
while
the
Writers
of
it
neglected
the
assistance
of
Mathematicks
,
have
been
found
to
be
gross
Errors
when
viewed
by
a
Mathematician
;
And
many
things
that
could
not
be
understood
not
determin'd
by
Physitians
when
they
did
not
consult
with
the
Mathemeticians
,
are
now
by
the
help
of
Mathemaricks
fully
explained
and
understood
.
And
of
this
you
have
subjoin'd
an
Instance
.
It
is
a
Mathematical
explication
of
the
moft
considerable
diseases
of
the
Eyes
,
never
before
understood
by
any
Writers
of
Medicine
,
and
that
only
because
they
did
not
use
the
Mathematicks
to
help
them
in
an
enquiry
of
this
Nature
.
From
that
explication
it
appears
how
ridiculous
the
Writers
of
Medecine
have
been
both
in
the
Theory
and
practice
of
the
diseases
incident
to
the
Eyes
,
and
how
naturally
the
true
method
of
Cure
is
found
out
from
the
true
and
Mathematical
Theory
of
the
Disease
.
If
some
persons
have
quibled
and
railed
against
this
Invention
,
it
is
only
because
they
are
Ignorant
and
ill
natur'd
,
for
the
Doctors
Thoery
in
this
affair
is
pure
Demonstration
.
But
the
Doctor
has
given
another
instance
of
the
use
of
Geometry
in
Medicine
.
There
arose
a
question
,
If
purging
be
the
best
cure
for
Fever
?
neither
they
who
affirm'd
it
to
be
,
nor
they
who
deny'd
it
could
give
any
sufficient
reason
for
their
opinion
,
but
quibled
and
adduc'd
arguments
too
mean
to
be
us'd
by
School-boys
when
they
dispute
about
Ens
Rationis
,
or
if
Logick
be
ane
art
,
&c.
(
for
what
learn'der
are
men
disputing
without
the
help
of
Mathematicks
,
about
natural
things
,
than
school-boys
?
They
have
both
learn'd
their
Logicks
and
Metaphysicks
and
insteed
of
Natural
Philosophy
mathematically
handled
,
they
have
learn'd
either
from
Aristorle
and
Hippocrate
,
that
the
World
consists
of
four
Eliments
,
or
from
Descartes
,
that
it
's
made
up
of
three
;
both
equally
false
and
useless
:
So
that
no
more
can
be
expected
of
solid
Theory
from
the
one
than
from
the
other
.
Atlast
Docter
Pitcairne
apply'd
his
Mathematicks
to
the
question
,
and
had
solv'd
it
by
a
method
not
to
be
imitated
by
those
Puny
Quiblers
.
If
the
greatest
part
of
Physick
be
not
Mathematically
cultivated
,
it
is
because
few
Physitians
have
used
Mathematicall
reasons
,
and
one
man
or
two
cna
not
goe
through
with
so
great
a
work
.
How
little
then
is
Medicine
and
Mankind
obliged
to
a
Cabal
of
ignorant
Block
heads
,
who
do
not
only
not
use
any
Mathematical
reasoning
in
Medicine
,
but
cry
out
upon
Mathematicall
methods
as
useless
,
yea
hurtfull
when
apply'd
to
Physick
!
But
the
best
is
,
These
men
who
cry
out
upon
the
use
of
Mathematicks
.
What
a
noble
discourse
then
can
we
expect
about
the
use
of
that
Science
and
it's
reach
from
them
?
Certainly
no
better
than
from
School
boys
.
The
difference
will
be
only
here
.
That
if
some
of
this
Anti
mathematick
Cabal
have
been
Comedians
,
and
earn'd
some
money
by
writting
copies
of
Samuel
Colvins
poem
against
the
Whigs
betor
it
was
printed
,
or
if
others
have
been
Readers
and
School
.
masters
in
a
country-parish
,
Then
we
shall
have
a
book
full
of
scraps
taken
from
poets
and
Rymers
,
Baudy-house
language
&c
:
and
then
when
nothing
prevails
,
we
shall
be
attaqued
by
a
Mr
Precentor
with
a
Text
of
Scripture
,
which
(
now
haveing
lost
the
privilege
of
reading
in
the
Kirk
)
he
throws
instead
of
a
stone
or
some
heavy
argument
against
his
Nighbour
,
&
makes
that
an
instrument
of
strife
which
was
brought
into
the
World
as
comprehending
the
best
and
most
perswasive
inducements
to
peace
.
Now
,
we
can
expect
none
of
these
things
from
School-Boys
who
likewise
will
show
a
Bashfulness
where
there
men
are
Impudence
it self
:
But
the
serious
parr
will
be
the
same
as
if
it
were
writ
by
School-boys
,
To
whom
the
Mathematicks
have
yet
done
no
good
;
Except
one
should
think
that
those
may
have
forgot
much
of
what
they
once
knew
after
the
manner
of
School
boys
,
and
so
speak
nonsense
even
in
the
sense
of
the
Latter
,
and
appear
low
and
mean
to
the
very
capacity
of
Children
.
Of
this
I
shall
give
perpetual
instances
in
Tarrugo's
pamphlet
,
where
he
speaks
of
any
thing
after
a
serious
manner
,
no
School-boy
being
capable
of
so
mean
Nonsense
as
he
then
contents
himsels
with
.
Every
man
brings
to
doe
his
work
the
Talents
he
has
,
if
the
work
be
urgent
,
and
give
no
delay
;
Tarrugo
with
his
Comerads
have
no
Mathamaticks
,
yet
they
would
gladly
be
thought
advancers
and
improvers
of
Medecine
:
They
have
then
brought
Rhymes
,
Scraps
of
School-Authors
and
Farces
,
Stage-talk
,
Buffoonrie
,
Dialogues
with
Boyes
;
and
then
to
please
both
you
and
the
Boyes
,
they
present
you
with
skilfull
Rope-dancers
,
and
immediatly
after
,
fall
a
playing
Jugler
tricks
with
Screw-nails
.
And
thus
they
advance
Medicine
many
wayes
;
whereas
their
Antagonist
,
who
cares
for
none
of
those
things
,
has
only
the
Mathematicks
,
and
nothing
else
to
trust
unto
.
The
design
of
the
Drs
discourse
,
being
to
advice
the
Writers
and
practicers
of
Medecine
,
to
abstain
from
drawing
consequences
therein
from
the
position
or
principles
of
any
Sect
of
Philosophy
.
(
a
thing
every
day
done
both
abroad
and
at
home
)
he
thought
fit
to
show
them
the
right
way
,
or
put
them
in
company
of
those
who
are
in
it
,
and
to
advice
them
to
follow
their
Example
:
Therefore
considering
,
that
Medicine
is
so
far
like
to
Astronomy
,
that
before
a
Conclusion
can
be
fram'd
in
eirber
,
there
must
be
a
sufficient
number
of
observations
made
;
and
that
the
observations
made
in
either
of
them
preceed
any
Knowledge
Men
have
of
the
nature
of
the
things
anent
which
they
have
these
observations
;
He
chuse
to
perswade
Physicians
to
make
observations
with
as
great
care
,
and
in
as
great
a
number
,
in
regard
of
the
Medical
Art
,
as
the
Astronomers
(
who
have
already
succeeded
in
heir
design
)
had
done
in
theirs
;
and
to
rely
as
much
on
observation
,
and
as
little
on
any
Sect
of
Philosophy
as
the
others
doe
,
since
the
principles
of
these
Sects
are
intirely
uncertain
,
and
since
they
have
not
built
their
positions
concerning
the
natures
of
things
upon
observation
,
but
upon
precarious
and
ill
Reasonings
.
The
Doctor
had
too
good
cause
for
taking
some
pains
to
inculcat
this
for
the
knew
that
Hippocrat
has
built
most
of
his
Doctrine
upon
the
idle
and
groundless
belief
,
of
all
things
being
made
and
done
by
Heat
and
Cold
,
moist
and
dry
,
upon
which
he
builds
all
his
Medicinal
art
,
(
and
for
which
Aristotle
is
so
laughed
at
)
whom
in
this
nevertheless
,
Galen
follow'd
and
extoll'd
,
and
all
the
Writters
of
Medicine
(
except
a
very
few
)
till
this
time
.
And
these
two
,
Hippocrat
and
Galen
,
are
by
the
Author
of
the
Pamphlet
ser
up
,
see
page
32.
l.
13.
&c.
as
our
guides
in
Medicine
,
tho
they
have
built
and
made
a
Systeme
of
it
upon
that
rotten
Foundation
of
the
4
Elements
and
the
four
first
qualities
,
see
page
96
,
where
he
sayes
,
Medicine
can
only
be
advanced
by
Hippocrat's
method
,
which
they
would
not
have
done
,
had
they
made
Sufficient
observation
.
And
that
the
Doctor
has
reason
,
appears
from
the
Pamphleteer
,
who
is
so
addicted
to
Hippo-crat's
sect
and
philosophy
,
that
what
Hippocrate
has
delivered
not
from
observation
,
but
from
his
principles
of
philosophy
,
this
Author
admits
for
truth
,
and
so
could
not
forbear
to
tell
us
,
pag.
46.
That
Hippocrat's
aphorisms
are
so
many
conclusions
draw'n
from
along
tract
of
observations
you
see
he
believes
his
aphorisms
all
for
unths
,
whereas
most
of
them
are
false
,
and
contrary
to
every
man's
observation
;
and
consequently
have
never
been
built
on
,
and
draw'n
from
a
long
tract
of
experiences
,
but
on
Hippocrat's
idle
Philosophy
witness
the
31
sect.
5.
which
has
cost
so
many
women
their
lives
,
only
because
they
are
treated
by
Physicians
like
to
our
Pamphleteer
,
and
of
the
same
principles
with
him
.
But
that
which
is
as
considerable
in
this
affair
,
is
;
That
by
imitating
the
Astronomers
,
we
should
have
made
our
observations
in
medicine
,
distinct
and
well
circumstantiated
,
and
consequently
such
as
an
useful
consequence
could
be
draw'n
from
them
:
whereas
Hippocrate
very
often
in
observations
of
the
greatest
moment
has
altogether
neglected
the
material
conditions
and
circumstances
of
the
observation
,
and
then
gives
us
aphorisms
useless
in
the
hands
of
men
of
sense
,
but
pernicious
when
laid
hold
on
by
such
as
our
Pampheleteer
Witness
the
9
aph.
sect.
3
and
the
said
31
sect.
5.
witness
all
his
aphorisms
(
which
are
very
many
)
concerning
the
Crises
or
Cools
of
Feavers
,
which
he
has
draw'n
either
from
the
principles
of
his
philosophical
sect
,
and
not
from
observation
,
or
from
observation
so
ill
circumstanciated
,
that
they
oftner
fail
than
hold
true
;
and
are
pernicious
as
oft
as
the
patient
is
traited
by
one
who
thinks
,
that
Hippocrat's
aphorisms
are
conclusions
draw'n
from
a
long
tract
of
observations
.
Now
Sir
,
there
is
one
thing
to
be
yet
remarked
.
Some
Astronomers
before
they
had
made
a
sufficient
number
of
exact
observations
,
have
attempted
to
make
a
Systeme
,
as
they
called
it
,
and
to
draw
too
large
consequences
,
and
such
as
required
more
observations
.
These
ert'd
,
by
quitting
the
method
and
way
they
were
in
.
Others
,
after
there
had
been
made
a
sufficient
number
of
observations
,
for
want
of
Geometry
,
that
is
,
Reason
sufficient
and
judgement
how
to
use
and
compare
the
observations
,
have
ert'd
and
draw'n
wrong
consequences
.
These
errings
do
not
make
the
right
way
wrong
.
For
we
see
that
Mr.
Newton
has
perfited
the
Systeme
by
bringing
sufficient
strength
of
Geometry
,
or
right
reason
to
be
applyed
to
the
sufficient
observations
,
whereof
the
most
considerable
was
made
by
the
Kepler
.
It
the
Physicians
would
make
a
number
of
observations
as
sufficient
and
exact
in
their
Trade
,
as
the
Astronomers
have
done
in
theirs
,
we
should
be
able
to
promise
as
much
in
the
events
of
Diseases
as
they
can
do
in
the
events
of
the
motions
of
the
Planets
.
Till
such
observations
,
and
so
many
on
each
Disease
and
Cure
be
made
,
the
Doctor
in
his
Oration
desires
the
Physicians
to
refrain
from
making
Systemes
,
or
drawing
consequences
,
that
is
,
from
making
Aphorisms
.
Likewise
,
if
it
shall
be
found
that
a
sufficient
number
of
exact
observations
is
made
in
any
Disease
,
yet
the
Doctor
had
cause
to
advise
that
Physician
to
abstain
from
building
a
Systeme
on
them
,
or
drawing
consequences
&
conclusions
from
them
,
who
had
not
enough
of
Judgement
and
Art
to
compare
them
aright
.
And
because
this
Art
is
not
acquir'd
but
by
use
.
(
for
it
is
more
likely
that
a
Man
shall
judge
aright
in
an
affair
who
has
been
us'd
to
weigh
circumstances
,
and
consider
things
calmely
,
and
look
well
on
every
side
,
than
another
of
no
greater
Spirit
,
who
never
apply'd
him self
to
be
serious
in
any
thing
)
Therefore
the
Doctor
recommended
the
study
of
Geometry
and
Mathematicks
to
Physicians
,
that
they
may
learn
to
reason
justly
,
and
compare
things
observed
in
Physick
as
exactly
(
as
far
at
least
as
the
nature
of
the
observations
can
admit
)
as
they
had
been
us'd
to
do
in
Mathematicks
.
And
therefore
this
Pamphleteer
ought
not
to
meddle
with
drawing
conclusions
in
Medicine
,
since
he
is
one
of
those
(
see
page
22.
)
To
whom
the
Mathematicks
have
never
done
good
.
And
the
Doctor
was
the
more
pressing
to
this
,
Because
all
the
actions
of
our
Body
,
and
the
Bodies
that
act
upon
ours
,
as
Medicaments
,
&c.
are
the
motions
of
some
fluid
or
solid
things
,
and
that
these
all
observe
the
Laws
of
motion
treated
of
and
demonstrated
in
the
Mechanicks
.
And
for
this
reason
,
did
the
Doctor
recommend
the
study
of
Mathematicks
to
his
Hearers
.
Now
how
bravely
is
all
this
refuted
,
by
our
Pamphleteers
saying
,
That
all
wise
men
know
,
that
Medicine
is
of
a
quite
other
nature
than
Astronomy
?
What
if
it
be
?
Are
we
therefore
not
to
be
exact
in
our
observations
,
or
are
we
not
to
follow
a
Medicine
built
on
observations
,
because
the
Astronomers
build
on
them
?
But
sayes
our
Pamphleteer
,
the
observations
made
by
Physicians
in
sundry
places
,
agree
,
and
those
made
by
Physicians
in
sundry
places
,
as
France
,
AEgypt
,
Rome
,
doe
not
agree
;
and
therefor
different
methods
must
be
used
in
different
places
,
and
the
the
whole
Art
of
Physick
must
still
be
conjectural
in
respect
of
Astronomy
,
page
46.
and
47.
Here
is
a
new
confirmation
of
the
necessity
of
imitating
the
Astronomers
in
the
exact
way
of
making
Observations
.
Hippocrate
,
Gallen
,
and
many
others
in
different
Countreys
have
made
different
observations
concerning
the
same
thing
.
because
they
did
not
consider
what
influence
the
Climate
and
Dyet
had
upon
the
observations
;
which
if
they
had
considered
,
the
observations
in
sundry
places
made
upon
the
same
things
had
been
found
to
be
the
same
.
But
the
Astronomers
,
tho
in
making
their
observations
in
different
places
,
they
often
found
the
same
Star
at
the
same
time
,
not
in
appearance
in
the
same
place
;
yet
they
wisely
considered
the
different
degree
of
Refraction
that
is
in
different
places
,
the
different
altititude
.
&c.
And
this
being
accounted
for
,
they
found
their
observations
agreeing
,
because
they
made
them
with
more
exactness
than
these
made
with
,
which
our
Pamphleteer
would
have
us
to
embrace
.
And
it
seems
to
me
that
all
the
cause
of
this
outcry
against
the
Doctor
is
this
.
That
the
Pamphleteer
being
very
desirous
to
be
esteem'd
a
learn'd
Physician
,
he
finds
himself
not
qualified
enough
to
make
exact
observations
;
and
thefore
he
'l
set
up
with
Hippocrat's
,
and
cry
down
all
better
ones
,
or
any
design
of
making
better
ones
,
and
then
he
knows
he
cannot
be
far
outdone
,
if
we
'll
follow
his
Example
.
But
the
Doctor
designing
to
put
Men
in
a
way
of
bringing
Medicine
to
a
greater
perfeceion
,
(
a
design
not
very
criminal
)
advised
to
make
more
,
and
more
perfect
observations
;
And
that
the
Hearers
might
understand
what
exactness
and
perfection
in
these
is
required
,
he
desired
them
to
take
model
of
that
from
the
Astronomers
.
This
was
precife
,
and
so
not
very
lyable
to
be
mis-understood
.
But
our
Pamphleteer
wonders
page
,
48.
That
Physicians
should
be
desir'd
to
imitate
the
Astronomer
,
who
are
divided
into
Sects
.
For
my
part
I
know
no
Sect
among
them
.
If
any
of
them
too
rashly
built
a
Systeme
on
observations
,
exact
indeed
,
but
not
numerous
enough
,
(
as
they
could
not
be
numerous
enough
before
the
use
of
Telescopes
,
by
which
many
things
are
observed
that
were
not
observed
at
all
by
the
Ancients
)
what
is
that
to
us
,
who
have
ways
of
making
more
observations
,
and
who
see
Astronomy
founded
now
upon
exact
,
and
sufficiently
numerous
observation
,
without
any
dissention
?
Because
some
Men
went
out
of
the
right
way
?
and
others
who
went
not
out
of
it
have
succeeded
to
admiration
,
must
we
therefore
defert
the
right
way
?
And
yet
this
is
our
Pamphleteers
way
of
reasoning
.
If
any
of
the
Astronomets
of
late
went
wrong
,
it
was
not
in
making
wrong
observations
,
but
in
trusting
to
Aphorisms
set
sorth
by
a
Pope
,
and
Cardinals
,
as
our
Pamphleteer
trusts
to
Hippacrats
;
that
is
,
in
taking
them
for
conclusions
draw'n
from
a
long
tract
of
observations
:
for
infallibility
isequivalent
to
all
this
.
The
Doctor
thought
fit
to
desire
Physicians
to
imitat
the
Astronomers
in
building
their
Art
and
Theory
upon
observations
,
because
the
greater
part
had
built
upon
the
principles
of
the
Sects
that
set
up
for
Philosophy
,
and
these
principles
being
more
uncertain
than
observations
,
it
was
no
wonder
if
their
Medicine
was
very
uncertain
.
And
for
this
the
Doctor
desir'd
Physicians
to
abstain
from
the
Investigation
of
Physical
causes
,
that
is
,
the
absolute
and
intimat
nature
of
things
;
For
since
these
Causes
are
assigned
different
by
the
different
Sects
,
and
and
none
them
has
any
foundation
for
that
they
assert
as
the
Doctor
proves
in
the
II
page
of
his
Oration
,
what
help
can
such
precarious
causes
bring
to
a
physician
?
It
is
the
principle
of
a
great
Sect
in
philosophy
:
That
all
things
are
made
up
of
a
Meteria
,
a
forma
Substantialis
from
which
issued
forth
the
four
first
qualities
,
Heat
,
Cold
,
Moist
and
dry
.
The
Physicians
generally
em
,
brac'd
this
opinion
because
it
was
almost
conform
to
Hippocrat's
,
who
taught
that
all
consisted
of
the
four
Elements
whose
natures
were
Hot.
Cold
,
Moist
and
Dry.
Now
these
Philosophical
Physicians
without
any
sincere
and
exact
observations
laid
it
down
as
a
Maxime
that
Opium
is
Cold
,
and
this
according
to
them
was
the
nature
of
Opium
and
the
physical
cause
of
all
its
Actions
and
effects
on
our
Bodies
:
For
by
telling
it
was
Cold
,
they
by
their
principles
pretended
to
have
told
its
nature
.
This
being
believed
they
were
sure
ro
use
Opium
only
in
Hot
Diseases
(
for
they
as
rashly
determin'd
about
the
nature
of
Diseases
and
distinguish'd
them
into
Hot
,
Cold
,
&c.
)
and
becauss
a
Feaver
,
a
Phrenzy
&c.
were
reckoned
Hot
,
therefore
in
these
Opium
was
used
to
very
bad
purpose
.
And
because
some
Tumors
were
by
them
reckon'd
Cold
,
therefore
the
Cicuta
(
which
they
reckon'd
Cold
without
sincere
and
exact
observation
too
)
was
condemned
,
as
to
its
external
use
in
such
Tumors
,
tho
it
be
singularly
useful
in
healing
them
.
This
is
all
the
advantagee
Medicine
has
from
investigating
and
determining
the
physical
causes
,
embracing
a
phylosophical
Sect
and
neglecting
to
intimat
the
Astronomers
.
Because
Hippocrat
had
without
any
ground
or
Knowledge
of
Anatomy
taught
that
our
Life
consisted
in
a
calidum
in
,
natum
,
and
that
this
was
our
nature
and
the
physical
cause
of
all
our
acrions
and
had
observed
that
a
certain
quantity
of
Opium
had
kill'd
any
Animal
,
he
and
his
followers
inferr'd
that
the
nature
of
Opium
consisted
in
Cold
;
And
is
it
not
fit
to
warn
physicians
of
the
insufficiency
and
hurtfulness
of
such
a
method
?
For
tho
the
humor
of
building
Medicine
on
the
Hypothesis
of
Hot
and
Cold
&c.
be
not
every
where
predominant
amongst
the
physicians
as
it
was
some
years
agoe
yet
the
inclination
&
disposition
to
build
on
the
uncertain
and
precarious
principles
of
a
sect
instead
of
making
exact
observations
is
predominant
:
So
that
those
who
reject
Aristotles
philosophy
as
useless
,
hurtful
to
Medicine
,
admit
Hippocrat's
or
Des.
Carter's
that
is
equally
prejudical
and
uncertain
.
Now
that
the
Doctor
is
not
the
only
person
of
this
opinion
is
apparent
from
Mr.
Newton's
preface
to
his
Book
entitled
The
Mathematical
principles
of
Natural
philosophy
,
where
he
has
these
words
.
Multa
me
movent
ut
nonnihil
suspi
.
cer
omnia
naturae
phaenomena
ex
viribus
quibusdam
pen
dere
quibus
corporum
particuloe
per
causas
nondum
cogni
.
tas
vel
in
se
mutuo
impelluntur
&
secundum
figuras
regu
.
lares
cohaerent
,
vel
ab
in
invicem
fugantur
&
recedunt
:
quibus
viribus
ignotis
Philosophi
hactenus
naturam
frustra
tentarunt
.
You
see
Mr.
Newton
thinks
that
physical
causes
are
yet
unknown
,
and
are
like
to
remain
unknown
till
wee
use
a
Mathematical
method
for
finding
them
.
This
is
evident
from
what
he
say
in
the
end
of
the
11
Section
.
lib
,
1.
Princip
In
Mathesi
investigandoe
sunt
virium
quantitates
&
rationes
illae
,
quae
ex
conditionthus
quibuscunque
positis
consequentur
:
deinde
uhi
in
physicam
descenditur
confer
endie
sunt
hae
rationes
cum
phaenomenis
,
ut
innotescat
quaenam
virium
conditiones
singulis
corporum
generibus
competant
.
Et
tuns
demum
de
virium
speciebus
,
causis
&
rationibus
physicis
tutius
disputare
licebit
.
The
Dr
,
then
had
reason
and
authority
for
him
when
he
advised
the
Phisicians
in
their
reasonings
to
abstain
from
the
Sectarian
.
Philosophy
and
lay
aside
the
Investigation
of
Physical
Causes
after
the
mannet
hitherto
used
by
the
Sects
:
Since
these
are
altogethet
unknown
,
and
are
not
to
be
fond
till
we
first
find
out
the
virium
rationes
et
quantitates
,
which
if
we
could
find
(
and
wee
can
only
find
them
by
the
help
of
Mathamaticks
)
we
should
have
Medicine
made
perfect
before
any
Physical
cause
were
known
.
That
which
makes
this
Scribles
so
much
concern'd
for
Physical
Causes
is
because
he
has
learn'd
a
little
of
Aristotles
Philosophey
,
which
is
no
,
thing
but
a
Metaphyfical
discourse
,
that
is
,
a
quibling
and
speaking
nonsense
about
physical
Causes
,
and
this
he
would
have
pass
for
good
reasoning
in
Medicine
.
The
difference
then
betwixt
the
Doctor
and
him
is
this
,
The
Dr
when
he
applied
himself
to
Medecine
perceived
that
many
things
in
it
were
handled
a
very
unsatisfactory
Method
,
and
therefore-resolved
to
try
a
method
that
he
had
learn'd
in
reading
Mathamatical
Writers
,
this
he
found
successul
,
and
coming
to
read
Borelli
and
Bellini
he
found
they
had
used
that
same
method
in
medicinal
affairs
but
with
agreat
deal
of
more
success
,
in
as
much
as
they
are
fat
greater
Mathamaticians
than
he
is
.
This
our
Scribler
Tarrugo
perceiving
resolved
that
he
also
would
make
a
Noise
amongst
the
learn'd
,
tho
it
were
no
better
nor
more
melodious
than
that
of
a
Culross
gridiron
or
girdle
amongst
fine
Violins
.
He
had
no
Mathematicks
to
carry
him
through
but
he
had
learn'd
Logicks
and
Metaphysicks
,
had
a
Natural
stock
of
impudence
,
and
an
acquir'd
one
of
Stage
Buffoonry
(
as
his
Book
shows
)
and
thus
accontred
he
resolves
to
burlesque
and
rail
at
any
thing
he
understood
not
,
and
throw
scraps
of
Logicks
and
Metaphysic's
before
his
Reader
,
which
beingrealand
downright
Nonsense
,
are
harder
to
be
understood
than
the
Mathematicks
,
and
so
Tarrugo
must
appear
the
profoundest
Schollar
of
the
two
.
Thus
you
see
every
man
for
improving
his
Art
brings
the
Talents
he
is
endowed
with
.
And
if
by
so
doing
he
has
any
hopes
of
bringing
himself
into
Reputation
,
he
'll
hide
none
of
his
qualities
:
For
the
Dr
,
has
vented
his
Mathematicks
and
has
inculcated
the
necessity
of
them
in
a
professor
of
Medecine
very
often
,
well
knowing
he
had
some
knowledge
of
them
.
Tarrugo
on
the
other
hand
being
no
less
greedy
of
reputation
and
imployment
,
but
ignorant
of
Mathamaticks
,
pretends
there
is
no
use
of
that
science
in
Medicine
,
and
in
a
Book
of
12
sheets
proves
that
Metaphysical
Nonsense
,
Impudence
,
Lying
and
Calumniating
,
Nestie
and
Scurrilous
Ribaldry
can
doe
as
well
:
Forby
these
Arts
he
has
seen
a
Physician
brough
to
Reputation
.
'T
is
true
some
Mathematical
blades
will
not
esteem
him
,
but
these
are
Few
.
But
yee
'l
ask
me
perhaps
if
any
man
be
so
mad
as
to
think
Medicine
will
be
better'd
by
lying
and
Buffoonry
.
for
that
is
the
question
,
and
improv'd
more
that
way
than
by
just
and
Mathematically
exact
reasoning
.
Yes
Tarrugo
thinks
it
,
for
he
having
seen
some
persons
by
such
artifices
brought
to
some
reputation
did
by
a
very
Metaphysical
inference
conclude
that
the
method
which
betters
and
is
advantagious
to
the
Artist
is
also
advantagious
to
the
Art
.
Here
is
the
depth
of
Logicks
and
Metaphisicks
,
and
because
it
is
very
great
,
I
leave
in
to
the
Dr
himself
to
fathom
.
The
worst
that
can
be
faid
is
that
Tarrugo
had
no
mind
to
better
and
improve
Medicine
,
but
enlarge
his
own
imployment
by
this
method
,
which
he
has
found
to
agree
with
a
practical
Art
more
than
does
the
speculative
science
of
Mathematicks
.
But
to
return
to
our
Pamphleteer
who
is
certainly
much
disobliged
by
this
proposal
the
of
Doctors
,
for
he
rails
at
him
most
unmercifully
;
he
at
last
,
page
49
gravely
tells
,
that
nothing
can
be
of
more
dangerous
consequence
,
than
to
set
up
a
Practical
Art
and
a
speculative
science
upon
the
same
foot
.
Here
we
have
an
instance
given
us
by
our
unthinking
Pamphleteer
,
of
the
folly
of
medling
with
the
design
to
improve
Medicine
by
the
help
of
the
common
Philosophy
taken
from
a
Sect
,
and
without
the
help
of
Mathematicks
.
The
Dr
in
his
discourse
desir'd
us
to
consider
,
that
Medicine
was
of
more
use
and
moment
than
Astronomy
(
pag
,
18
,
Orat.
Inaug
,
Aequum
enim
non
est
,
ut
vitae
Humanae
quam
curiositati
minus
consulatur
)
and
therefore
we
ought
to
be
at
least
as
exact
in
making
observations
anent
Diseases
,
&c.
as
the
others
are
in
making
theirs
anent
the
motions
or
irregularities
of
the
Celestial
Bodies
.
This
,
is
it
not
sufficiently
refuted
by
telling
us
,
that
it
is
dangerous
to
set
up
a
practical
Art
,
and
a
speculative
Science
upon
the
same
foot
?
That
is
to
say
,
it
is
very
dangerous
to
make
exact
observations
in
Medicine
(
the
practical
Art
)
since
that
is
the
very
thing
which
those
speculative
men
the
Astronomers
do
,
and
succeed
so
well
by
.
What
improvement
can
Medicine
expect
from
one
that
reasons
thus
?
This
reasoning
is
a
demonstration
at
least
of
the
hurtfulness
of
vain
Philosophy
.
Our
Author
had
said
indeed
he
had
never
got
either
good
or
hurt
from
the
Mathematicks
:
But
here
he
lets
us
see
,
that
he
has
got
hurt
enough
from
his
Philosophy
.
He
had
heard
at
School
,
a
distinction
made
between
a
practical
and
speculative
knowledge
;
he
had
heard
it
said
by
Philosophers
,
who
were
no
Physicians
,
that
medicine
is
a
practical
one
,
and
Mathematicks
is
a
speculative
;
he
had
since
often
read
it
in
Hippocrat
and
Galen
,
who
spend
many
words
in
telling
us
stories
(
very
useless
and
false
)
anent
Medicin's
being
a
practical
,
and
not
a
speculative
knowledge
:
This
he
swallowed
down
greedily
,
because
it
was
like
to
save
him
the
pains
of
thinking
and
studying
.
And
so
great
influence
has
this
Jargon
of
practical
and
speculative
on
him
,
that
it
hinders
him
from
seeing
that
Medicine
is
to
be
built
on
accurate
Observations
,
after
he
was
told
that
a
knowledge
(
which
he
was
taught
to
call
speculative
)
is
founded
upon
them
.
But
perhaps
it
will
be
charity
to
Informe
him
better
.
All
that
a
good
Physician
does
,
is
,
that
he
makes
observations
on
plants
,
minerals
,
and
diverse
Bodies
about
us
;
also
on
diseases
and
the
Bodies
subject
to
them
;
and
lastly
,
advises
the
sick
man
to
make
use
of
some
of
those
Plants
,
&c.
if
he
would
be
in
health
.
The
Astronomer
observes
likewise
,
the
motions
and
properties
of
some
Stars
in
respect
of
one
another
,
and
foertels
,
in
what
time
and
place
they
'll
be
in
Conjunction
,
or
Opposition
,
and
such
like
events
.
Now
what
is
it
in
Medicine
that
makes
it
more
a
practical
Art
than
Astronomy
?
But
our
Tarrugo
knows
not
what
Astronomy
is
for
,
he
confesses
,
he
never
got
good
or
hurt
from
the
Mathematicks
,
that
is
,
he
never
learn'd
any
part
of
them
:
And
consequently
,
is
not
capable
to
judge
,
whether
they
be
useful
for
a
Physician
,
and
if
Physicians
should
imitate
them
and
follow
their
methods
:
and
by
this
it
is
manifest
,
that
he
has
medled
with
an
affair
which
he
understands
not
.
But
it
is
not
amiss
to
consider
a
litile
more
this
Metaphysical
reason
of
our
Tarrugo
.
It
is
of
dangerous
consequence
,
says
he
,
to
set
up
a
practical
art
and
a
speculative
Science
upon
the
same
foot
;
and
therefore
Astronomical
and
Mathematical
methods
are
dangerous
and
useless
at
the
best
in
Medicine
.
Now
Sir
,
every
body
knows
that
Navigation
cannot
be
practised
to
any
purpose
and
with
safety
or
assurrance
without
the
knowledge
of
Trigonometry
(
a
part
of
Geometry
or
Mathematicks
,
and
as
speculative
as
the
Astronomy
)
yea
without
making
observations
like
the
Astronomers
.
Must
Navigators
leave
off
this
course
and
method
of
guiding
their
voyages
,
because
Navigation
is
a
practical
Art
(
as
practical
indeed
as
Medicine
)
and
Geometry
or
Astronomy
are
speculative
Sciences
?
Why
but
the
Astronomers
are
divided
into
Sects
,
says
Tarrugo
.
And
therefore
Navigators
must
not
follow
their
example
nor
imitat
their
observations
,
as
to
their
exactness
.
Now
I
never
before
heard
of
different
Sects
in
regard
of
observations
amongst
the
Astronomers
,
for
this
is
the
affair
.
But
Tarrugo
hearing
the
word
Sect
,
found
he
must
make
some
use
of
it
:
And
therefore
to
hinder
us
from
being
as
exact
in
seeing
and
hearing
or
observing
as
the
Astronomers
are
,
warnes
us
that
they
are
of
different
Sects
,
That
is
,
they
see
and
hear
after
different
manners
.
Now
Sir
tho
I
have
had
the
occasion
to
converse
with
some
Astronomers
,
of
whom
some
though
the
Earth
is
the
Center
,
and
others
thought
the
place
belong'd
to
the
Sun
rather
,
yet
they
observed
after
one
and
the
same
manner
,
and
saw
and
heard
like
one
another
.
They
were
all
alike
exact
in
remarking
the
circumstances
and
conditions
of
their
observations
,
and
of
what
they
saw
or
heard
.
And
it
is
this
exactness
that
the
Navigators
successfully
imitat
,
and
Physicians
ought
to
imitat
if
they
also
would
be
successful
.
But
Tarrugo
will
tell
us
that
Astronomy
or
the
Mathematical
Science
is
of
quite
another
nature
than
Navigation
,
even
as
much
as
it
is
of
another
nature
than
Medicine
:
And
therefore
Navigarors
are
not
to
borrow
from
or
imitat
either
the
Astronomers
,
or
other
Mathematicians
,
And
therefore
your
ships
are
to
be
guided
as
of
old
in
the
days
of
Hippocrat
:
they
are
to
creep
alongst
the
Shoar
(
for
there
is
no
trusting
to
Astronomical
observations
quoth
Tarrugo
)
where
often
on
a
Rock
it
will
be
found
that
Ars
longa
est
,
vita
brevis
,
the
only
Aphorism
of
Hippocrat
drawn
from
exact
observation
,
but
not
of
Physicians
more
than
of
Seamen
.
If
the
Seamen
of
Europe
can
be
perswaded
to
lay
aside
the
use
of
Astronomy
and
Mathematicks
upon
the
reasons
given
by
Tarrugo
,
I
'll
ingage
for
the
Physicians
,
that
they
shall
imitate
the
Navigators
.
And
therefore
if
Tarrugo
would
deseat
Doctor
Pitcairn's
design
he
must
address
himself
to
the
Navigators
first
.
But
I
know
not
by
what
ill
fate
Huggens
and
some
French
Mathematiciens
have
written
of
late
about
Navigation
and
I
cannot
guess
how
Tarrugo
will
behave
before
such
severe
fel.
lows
.
In
the
page
56
,
he
is
very
angry
with
the
Doctor
for
saying
that
,
Corpus
omne
in
alterius
cujuscunque
generis
corpus
transformari
potest
.
This
,
be
sayes
,
is
very
false
,
unless
he
mean
,
pag.
57.
That
the
thing
implies
no
contradiction
,
from
which
,
sayes
he
,
nothing
at
all
can
be
concluded
.
Now
,
the
Doctor
said
only
,
that
the
thing
is
possible
;
and
our
Pamphleteer
,
after
many
fine
sayings
or
Aphorisms
to
the
contrary
,
concluds
that
indeed
the
thing
is
not
impossible
,
but
of
no
consequence
.
Now
Sir
,
the
Dr
took
this
saying
from
Mr
Neuton
.
who
at
the
entry
of
his
third
Book
Princip
,
Mathematic
:
setts
down
the
same
thing
in
the
very
same
words
as
certainly
true
,
for
he
had
made
it
his
third
Hypothesis
,
by
which
he
means
there
a
Postulatum
,
for
Hypothesis
assum'd
by
Mathematicians
is
a
Postulatum
,
or
Propositio
veritats
notae
.
And
accordingly
Mr
Newton
makes
use
of
it
to
prove
a
very
material
point
in
the
6
,
prop
,
lib
,
3.
But
,
sayes
Tarugo
,
nothing
can
be
concluded
from
it
.
Has
not
the
Doctor
concluded
from
it
,
That
the
parts
of
all
Earthly
Bodies
are
subject
to
the
same
rules
of
motion
,
or
Mechanicks
?
And
Mr
Neuton
uses
the
same
proposition
to
the
very
same
purpose
,
when
the
deduces
from
it
,
that
the
Aether
or
Materia
subtiles
must
have
weight
proportional
to
the
quantity
of
it's
matter
and
consequently
comes
under
the
same
Laws
to
which
the
Earth
in
it's
motion
,
or
any
part
of
it
is
subjected
.
I
doe
easily
believe
,
Mr
Newton
never
saw
the
Materia
subtilis
,
yet
he
adventur'd
to
prove
that
it
has
this
property
,
(
if
any
such
matter
be
)
by
vertue
whereof
it
is
to
be
treated
Mathematically
.
Where
is
then
the
absurdity
,
that
the
Doctor
without
seeing
the
Liquidum
Nervorum
(
much
grosser
than
the
Fluidum
subtile
of
Mr
Descartes
)
has
affirm'd
the
same
thing
to
hold
in
that
Liquor
,
since
Mr
Newton
has
demonstrated
the
thing
so
universally
,
that
his
proof
reaches
further
than
the
Animal
Spirits
?
Here
again
we
have
a
proof
of
our
Pamphleteers
Ignorance
in
Mathematical
matters
,
when
(
pag
,
59.
)
He
bid's
the
Doctor
let
us
see
the
animal
Spirits
,
as
if
that
were
necessary
for
demonstrating
their
properties
by
which
they
Act
in
our
Bodies
.
Did
ever
any
Mathematician
see
the
Diameter
of
any
Body
or
a
Mathematical
right
line
,
and
yet
how
many
properties
doe
these
men
demonstrate
anent
those
things
!
We
see
and
find
the
effects
of
the
Animal
Spirits
;
and
from
such
effects
,
and
from
the
general
Laws
of
motion
common
to
all
Bodies
we
can
demonstrate
many
things
anent
them
without
seeing
them
.
But
this
is
a
lesson
he
should
have
learn'd
at
the
School
.
In
a
word
,
the
Doctor
affirms
,
that
any
body
(
under
whatsomever
form
)
has
weight
,
and
obeys
the
Laws
demonstrated
by
the
the
Mathematicians
,
or
Mechanick
Writers
,
propertionally
to
the
matter
it
contains
:
And
he
concludes
from
this
that
as
the
Astronomers
have
gone
a
great
length
in
applying
these
rules
and
propositions
anent
motion
,
&c.
to
the
Stars
and
Bodies
on
this
Earth
both
solid
and
liquid
,
so
Physicians
may
come
a
greater
length
than
they
have
yet
come
,
if
they
apply
the
same
,
or
like
propositions
for
determining
the
motions
of
the
Liquors
that
run
through
our
Bodies
,
after
that
they
have
made
proportionally
as
many
observations
in
their
Trade
,
and
as
exact
,
as
the
Astronomers
have
made
.
But
before
I
leave
this
subject
,
I
must
examine
a
passage
in
Tarrugo's
Pamphlet
which
he
thinks
no
body
can
prosperously
attaque
,
and
which
nevertheless
exposes
his
weakness
,
and
ignorance
most
shamefully
.
It
is
the
17
P
pamphlet
,
where
after
having
rehearsed
a
few
rude
&
silly
observations
,
(
for
he
hates
all
a
curat
ones
because
Mathematicians
love
them
)
upon
which
he
says
Medicine
depends
,
he
at
last
tells
us
,
Something
,
was
still
a
wanting
(
to
wit
after
the
observations
had
been
made
)
to
finish
the
picture
or
art
of
Physick
and
this
was
reason
&c.
without
any
Mathematicks
.
Now
this
is
just
such
a
Ridiculous
piece
of
Nonsense
,
as
if
one
should
desire
the
Master
of
ship
to
use
his
reason
without
his
Mathematicks
or
what
he
had
learn'd
by
their
help
)
to
find
the
latitude
and
longitude
&c.
for
would
it
not
be
a
very
easy
and
profitable
thing
to
lay
aside
his
quadrants
,
compass
and
pendulum
Clocks
,
and
instead
of
them
have
recourse
to
the
Quakers
spirit
or
reason
?
If
a
Man
would
use
his
reason
to
good
purpose
,
he
must
informe
and
fortify
it
with
the
knowledge
of
these
Truths
which
belong
to
the
matter
he
would
reason
about
,
and
therefore
since
Medicine
is
a
part
of
natural
Philosophy
and
must
be
cultivated
with
it
not
after
the
method
of
the
Sectarians
but
of
the
Mathematiciens
,
it
is
evident
that
a
physician
who
would
reason
to
purpose
,
must
have
strengthned
his
mind
or
reason
with
the
Mathematical
truths
that
can
be
applyed
to
Medicine
:
for
without
this
what
an
insigunificant
thing
is
this
reason
?
If
a
Myops
and
Presbyta
:
(
or
one
who
sees
ill
at
a
distance
,
and
another
who
sees
ill
what
is
at
hand
)
came
to
ask
Tarrugo
,
what
are
the
best
means
of
helping
the
defects
of
their
sights
:
are
they
not
like
to
be
mightily
helpt
by
his
altogether
unassisted
reason
?
but
wee
shall
so
far
help
him
as
to
tell
him
that
such
people
can
only
be
helpt
by
the
use
of
Glases
,
and
now
I
desire
him
to
tell
by
this
reason
without
the
help
of
(
not
his
own
,
for
he
has
none
,
but
of
other
people's
)
Mathe
,
maticks
what
glass
is
fit
for
the
Myops
and
what
for
the
Presbyta
:
And
that
he
would
give
directions
for
making
each
of
them
.
This
would
perhaps
bring
naked
reason
(
for
reason
not
assisted
either
by
Law
,
Divinity
,
or
Mathematicks
is
the
reason
of
Children
before
they
come
to
have
any
knowledge
of
things
that
are
solid
)
into
some
reputation
:
For
I
assure
you
Doctor
Gregory
the
Savilian
Professor
Astronomy
thinks
it
no
small
matter
to
have
taught
in
his
Element
a
Optica
,
lentem
fabricare
date
oculo
inservientem
,
that
is
to
make
a
Glass
fit
for
any
proposed
eye
,
and
that
with
the
help
of
much
Mathemmaticks
.
If
a
person
whose
sight
or
eyes
look'd
clear
and
free
of
any
outward
or
visible
blemish
,
but
were
disturbed
by
the
images
and
appearance
of
Midges
or
other
small
dark
objects
,
shall
ask
Tarrugo's
advice
,
and
withal
tell
him
that
a
giddiness
sometimes
accompany'd
that
symptom
,
troublesome
even
on
the
high
Street
,
especially
afterdrinking
too
much
Brandy
,
what
think
ye
will
be
his
advice
?
certainly
he
must
use
his
most
defecat
reason
here
,
for
for
it
may
be
the
case
of
his
dearest
—
for
ought
I
know
Well
,
he
has
in
print
told
us
his
advice
built
on
the
observations
of
his
Ancients
and
finish'd
by
his
own
single
and
precise
reason
or
spirit
in
the
hat
.
He
tells
us
without
Mathematicks
indeed
(
for
it
is
plainly
against
observation
and
Mathematical
reason
)
that
the
Disease
is
a
cataract
beginning
,
and
therefore
refers
the
patient
to
the
Cure
applied
by
the
vulgar
Writers
of
eh
Cataract
.
But
this
will
not
doe
,
for
it
is
Mathematically
certain
that
it
is
a
Disease
quite
different
from
a
Cataract
which
the
patient
complains
off
.
And
for
this
reason
I
fancy
the
patient
finding
no
effect
of
his
advice
,
may
continue
in
the
old
trade
and
distemper
too
When
wee
speak
then
of
using
reason
to
finish
or
find
out
right
conclusions
in
any
science
,
wee
must
understand
by
that
reason
,
a
mind
or
faculty
endued
and
instructed
with
sundry
propositions
of
truth
anent
the
subject
of
the
Art
or
Science
we
treat
of
.
And
since
Medicine
is
a
part
of
Natural
Philosophy
,
and
Natural
Philosophy
is
not
right
handled
by
Reason
not
assisted
by
Mathematicks
as
experience
tells
us
daily
,
it
is
evident
that
Medicine
requires
that
same
help
.
It
is
true
Philosophy
has
been
handled
by
reason
unassisted
with
Mathematicks
,
but
this
is
the
Philosophy
of
the
Sects
,
Nonsense
and
falsehoods
joined
together
,
and
the
very
metod
Tarrugo
handles
Medicine
.
I
would
sain
know
a
reason
(
separat
from
and
not
armed
with
Mathematicks
or
Mathematical
Philosophy
)
that
Tarrugo
can
give
for
his
indications
(
as
he
speaks
)
which
any
old
wife
shall
not
give
as
well
?
And
this
is
Turrugo's
way
of
emproving
Medicine
.
In
a
word
,
when
a
person
has
made
observations
and
would
know
what
use
he
is
to
make
of
them
and
would
be
instructed
in
the
surest
method
of
drawing
useful
consequences
from
what
he
has
observed
,
To
tell
him
only
that
he
is
to
follow
Reason
,
Is
as
ridiculous
and
useless
,
as
it
would
be
silly
and
impertinently
pedantic
for
one
that
's
asked
,
Who
he
is
,
To
answer
he
is
a
Man
.
But
he
gives
a
most
subtile
Reason
why
Mathematicks
are
not
to
be
used
in
Medicine
:
The
Machine
says
he
of
our
body
is
of
a
quite
different
nature
from
artificial
ones
,
which
can
be
taken
down
and
set
up
again
at
ones
pleasure
.
There
could
be
nothing
said
in
fewer
words
so
entirely
opposit
to
common
sense
.
Do
wee
not
open
and
dissect
and
view
the
parts
of
humane
Bodies
,
by
doing
which
wee
learn
their
Fabric
,
use
and
actions
of
their
parts
,
and
what
hurt
they
can
or
use
to
sustain
from
the
operations
of
other
Bodies
?
Now
these
other
Bodies
such
as
Druggs
,
Air
,
&c.
in
their
actings
on
our
Machines
do
not
consider
that
they
can
not
be
set
up
again
(
tho
I
hope
they
shall
)
nor
do
the
parts
and
liquors
of
our
Machines
consider
any
such
matter
,
but
both
the
one
and
the
other
act
according
to
the
Laws
of
motion
found
out
and
demonstrated
by
the
Mathematiciens
,
and
is
not
then
the
Mathematical
Knowledge
useful
for
understanding
the
properties
.
Symptoms
good
or
bad
and
Diseases
of
our
Bodies
,
since
these
are
the
actions
or
their
effects
of
other
Bodies
upon
out
Machines
or
of
the
Liquors
&c
,
in
our
Machines
acting
according
to
the
Laws
of
Motion
and
Mechanics
:
for
tho
the
man
may
be
a
Rope-dancer
or
Stage-player
,
yet
the
parts
of
our
Bodies
are
void
of
that
cunning
.
But
wee
must
consider
a
little
,
What
Tarrugo
says
that
Mathematicks
are
useless
in
unfolding
the
Mysteries
of
our
Machines
,
because
,
says
he
,
our
Machines
cannot
be
taken
down
and
set
up
again
as
artificial
ones
.
Now
one
of
the
most
noble
parts
of
our
Machine
,
or
rather
one
of
the
noblest
Machines
that
compose
our
Body
is
the
Eye
,
which
cannot
be
set
up
again
after
it
s
taken
down
,
no
more
than
our
Bodies
can
.
Yet
this
Eye
is
so
well
known
as
to
its
structure
,
action
and
use
,
that
it
is
the
subject
of
a
most
considerable
part
of
the
Mathematicks
or
Mathematical
Philosophy
:
and
so
great
a
length
have
the
Mathematiciens
come
in
explaining
the
sight
and
defects
of
it
and
their
remedies
.
That
if
Physicians
would
apply
Mathematicks
as
discreetly
to
the
other
parts
of
our
Bodies
,
wee
should
have
a
Medicine
incredibly
improven
.
Yet
the
Eye
cannot
be
set
up
again
after
being
taken
down
,
a
thing
that
the
Writers
of
Optics
have
not
found
any
hindrance
from
in
their
Mathematical
atchevements
.
So
that
tho
a
Machine
cannot
be
easily
set
up
again
it
ceases
not
to
be
subject
to
the
Laws
of
Mechanics
and
consequently
to
Mathematical
reasoning
.
But
this
Tarrugo
was
loath
should
be
true
because
he
understands
not
Mathematicks
.
There
is
yet
one
advantage
that
the
use
of
Mathematicks
brings
ot
Medicine
,
which
wee
have
not
mention'd
,
but
it
is
a
very
great
one
,
and
serves
to
abridge
and
facilirat
that
redious
work
of
making
observations
.
The
Physicians
have
made
very
many
observations
,
but
few
good
ones
.
I
do
not
now
call
most
of
them
so
,
because
they
are
not
exact
;
but
taking
them
all
to
be
exact
,
yet
very
sew
of
them
are
of
use
or
serve
to
any
good
purpose
:
And
it
is
very
hard
for
a
man
that
has
no
Mathematicks
to
perceive
which
are
those
few
that
can
be
made
use
of
in
building
a
right
Theory
or
advancing
the
practise
of
Medicine
.
If
once
we
can
by
a
Mathematical
Eye
discern
what
observation
is
necessary
to
draw
such
a
conclusion
from
(
for
it
were
needless
to
warn
you
that
the
Mathematiciens
must
be
most
skilful
in
drawing
right
conclusions
since
they
are
most
used
to
it
)
then
we
shall
abstain
from
making
or
taking
notice
of
the
greatest
part
of
observations
that
wee
read
or
see
others
heap
up
to
no
purpose
.
And
this
would
abridge
wonderfully
the
work
of
observing
.
That
you
may
understand
this
a
little
better
,
be
pleased
to
take
notice
of
what
Tarrugo
says
page
16.
When
in
Feavers
,
or
violent
Head
aches
&c.
the
Nose
fell
a
Bleeding
,
the
Feaver
abated
and
the
pain
evanished
.
And
thence
they
(
the
Ancients
)
learn'd
the
use
of
Blooding
.
Now
this
is
the
very
fault
in
Medicine
and
defect
which
Doctor
Pitcairne
would
have
mended
and
supply'd
,
and
which
Mathematicks
only
can
supply
.
Wee
see
by
our
Pamphleteers
confession
,
That
the
use
of
Blooding
was
first
introduced
because
they
observed
that
the
loss
of
Blood
was
sometimes
followed
with
recovery
out
of
the
Disease
.
To
make
us
then
able
to
order
Blooding
seasonably
and
to
purpose
,
wee
must
have
made
many
observations
on
peoples
Blooding
in
all
Diseases
,
cases
and
times
of
them
,
in
all
climats
and
in
all
the
different
circumstances
and
conditions
in
which
it
is
possible
for
mens
Bodies
to
be
.
Now
this
is
not
,
nor
ever
shall
or
can
be
done
;
and
therefore
by
this
method
of
observing
without
Mathamatical
discretion
,
Medicine
shall
be
always
a
base
mean
conjectural
Trade
,
fit
only
to
be
followed
by
such
Juglers
as
Tarugo
and
Kerkringius
(
this
Kerkringius
cannot
read
Latin
,
but
his
wife
who
is
a
School
masters
Daughter
writes
and
copies
for
him
,
for
the
Fool
will
be
in
print
)
and
by
them
called
arsproestantissima
and
the
noble
Art
,
I
suppose
they
mean
of
guessing
and
cheating
,
for
it
is
no
other
as
they
practise
it
.
But
the
Doctor
has
in
his
Oration
and
elsswhere
proposed
methods
,
by
which
Medicine
shall
or
may
be
brought
from
the
low
and
abject
state
of
conjecture
to
a
degree
of
certainty
which
can
justly
bear
the
Title
of
useful
and
therefore
noble
.
Instead
of
thanking
the
Doctor
for
his
proposal
and
for
the
progress
he
has
made
in
the
method
proposed
,
Taruge
tells
us
,
pag
,
18.
That
nothing
can
be
more
extravagant
than
to
imagine
that
a
speculative
Science
that
goes
all
by
demonstration
can
be
of
use
in
a
practical
Art
founded
on
experience
;
and
in
which
there
are
no
infallible
conclusions
:
but
I
tell
him
and
the
thing
is
evident
,
that
we
should
have
abundance
of
infallible
conclusions
in
Medicine
as
to
Cures
as
well
as
theorie
if
Mathematicks
be
used
.
For
Tarugo's
discourss
implyes
no
more
than
this
.
All
that
I
Tarugo
understand
about
Medicine
is
conjectural
and
I
cannot
make
use
of
Mathematicks
,
therefore
they
are
not
of
use
to
me
.
But
this
does
not
hinder
a
speculative
Science
which
goes
by
demonstration
that
is
a
Science
that
carries
certainty
with
it
,
from
being
of
use
to
bring
a
conjectural
uncertain
Art
(
as
Tarugo
and
such
like
handle
it
)
to
a
state
of
certainty
,
as
we
see
the
Mathematicians
have
done
by
Astronomy
,
Navigation
.
&c.
and
parts
of
Medicine
that
treat
on
the
Eye
,
motion
of
the
Members
,
motion
of
the
Heart
:
And
the
cure
of
diseases
by
blooding
.
For
tho
there
neither
are
nor
can
be
sufficient
numbers
of
good
Observations
made
,
for
ordering
blooding
.
after
the
manner
it
was
first
introduced
and
which
Tarugo
contents
himself
with
,
yet
a
good
Mathematician
has
discern'd
one
good
and
exact
observation
(
unknown
to
Tarugo's
ancients
,
and
indeed
useless
to
Tarugo
tho
he
knew
it
,
since
he
has
not
Mathematicks
enough
to
make
the
right
use
of
it
)
from
which
he
accuratly
has
deduced
all
that
can
be
learn'd
from
any
infinite
number
of
such
observations
as
Tarugo
builds
the
Doctrine
of
blooding
upon
,
and
much
more
than
Tarugo
can
understand
.
It
is
Laurentius
Bellini
who
assumes
no
other
Observation
,
nor
any
postulatum
except
the
circulation
of
the
blood
,
for
to
use
his
own
words
,
doctrina
mittendi
sanguinem
pendet
ex
toto
a
naturali
ejus
fluxu
seu
circuitu
intra
corpus
.
From
the
circulation
observed
by
Dr
William
Harvey
has
Bellini
taught
when
,
where
,
and
in
what
case
or
disease
blood
is
to
be
let
,
and
how
much
of
it
at
a
time
,
and
what
are
the
effects
and
consequences
of
letting
blood
.
And
all
this
he
performs
demonstratively
,
that
is
,
he
forms
infallible
conclusions
in
a
practical
Art
and
anent
cures
and
diseases
,
by
help
of
a
speculative
,
that
is
,
a
certain
and
Mathematical
one
.
And
by
this
Bellini
explains
and
confirmes
what
Mr
Newton
in
his
preface
says
thus
.
Omnis
Philosophiae
(
adde
etiam
Medicinae
quae
Philosophiae
pars
est
)
difficuitas
in
eo
versari
videtur
,
ut
a
Phaens
menis
motuum
investigemus
vires
naturae
,
deinde
ab
his
viribus
demonstremus
Phaenomena
reliqua
.
For
Bellini
has
made
use
of
the
Phaenomina
of
the
Bloods
motion
,
to
find
what
force
and
laws
it
had
or
observ'd
,
and
having
found
these
he
investigats
and
deduces
its
effects
when
its
passage
is
made
free
in
one
place
than
in
another
,
that
is
,
the
Phaenomena
of
Blooding
in
any
case
or
disease
.
And
yet
this
Block
head
Tarugo
has
the
face
to
say
there
are
no
infallible
conclusions
in
Medicine
.
But
he
means
it
is
like
,
Medicine
as
he
understands
and
practises
it
.
I
come
now
to
the
page
,
65.
Where
our
Pamphleteer
,
to
his
own
cost
,
teaches
the
World
how
absurd
it
is
and
foolish
,
to
write
anent
matters
that
one
understands
not
.
He
shows
there
(
and
over
all
his
Pamphlet
)
that
he
comes
to
diswade
men
from
using
in
their
trades
as
right
methods
as
the
Mathematicians
have
done
,
and
in
the
mean
time
proves
himself
altogether
ignorant
of
all
Mathematicks
,
or
methods
fit
to
be
used
for
improving
Medicine
.
The
Doctor
had
in
his
first
discourse
explain'd
aright
the
Nature
(
so
to
speak
)
or
ratio
of
some
diseases
of
the
Eye
that
are
of
the
greatest
consequence
,
hitherto
unknown
to
all
the
writers
of
Physick
;
and
upon
good
ground
had
affirm'd
,
that
bodies
swiming
within
the
Cornea
made
no
image
on
the
Retina
;
(
this
he
could
have
demonstrated
,
but
it
would
hâve
seem'd
,
perhaps
,
very
odd
in
an
Inaugural
Oration
to
propose
Geometrical
Arguments
)
Now
,
says
our
Pamphleteer
,
I
Tarugo
affirm
the
contrary
.
He
may
as
well
looking
on
any
proposition
demoustrated
by
Euclide
or
Archimedes
,
say
,
I
affirm
the
contrary
;
for
he
'l
.
understand
the
demonstration
of
what
the
Doctor
affirms
,
(
and
which
is
set
down
in
a
paper
subjoin'd
to
this
)
as
little
as
he
does
Arcihmedes
Works
,
or
Dr
Gregory's
method
of
Quadratures
.
But
it
is
perhaps
pleasant
to
consider
,
what
a
noise
he
makes
that
he
may
be
thought
learn'd
.
He
crys
out
on
the
Doctor
,
for
not
telling
him
what
are
the
Laws
of
Refraction
he
speaks
of
and
is
very
glad
to
be
free
of
them
;
for
it
they
had
been
set
down
,
he
would
not
have
known
what
to
have
said
of
them
.
This
is
just
such
a
shift
as
it
would
be
to
deny
the
truth
of
a
proportion
plainly
flowing
from
the
47
of
the
first
of
Euclià
,
because
the
Demonstrator
had
not
told
what
that
47
prop
,
contains
,
and
so
had
not
prom
ulgated
it
.
The
universal
Law
of
refraction
is
as
well
known
as
any
proposition
in
Euclid
,
amongst
Mathematicians
;
and
since
all
the
Science
about
the
Eye
is
built
upon
this
Law
,
what
an
able
man
in
the
Opticks
and
in
discovery
of
the
defects
in
Vision
is
our
Pamphleteer
like
to
prove
,
while
he
is
so
grosly
ignorant
of
it
?
He
adventur's
to
say
,
pag.
66.
That
,
of
things
on
,
or
in
the
Cornea
there
is
an
Image
made
in
the
Retina
if
he
try'd
it
not
,
he
is
too
bold
to
impose
his
bad
Philosophy
&
vain
conjecture
on
men
of
Sense
;
and
if
he
try'd
it
,
he
lies
most
abominably
.
For
,
besides
experience
,
the
demonstration
after
this
set
down
,
puts
it
out
of
question
.
That
in
the
Retina
or
bottom
of
the
Eye
there
is
no
image
painted
of
any
thing
that
is
not
without
the
Cornea
,
and
consequently
we
have
no
Image
of
(
that
is
,
we
do
not
see
)
these
things
that
swim
within
the
Cornea
.
Now
let
us
see
what
a
marvellous
reasoner
this
Fellow
is
,
that
without
skill
in
Mathematicks
is
so
bold
as
to
meddle
in
them
.
He
tells
us
,
that
if
what
is
here
demonstrated
be
true
,
then
a
man
may
see
perfectly
well
through
his
Eye
lids
,
or
through
a
Mil-stone
apply'd
to
the
Cornea
as
the
lids
can
he
.
For
,
says
he
(
page
,
66.
)
according
to
the
Doctor
,
a
thing
so
near
the
Cornea
will
make
no
impression
on
the
Eye
,
and
so
no
ways
obstruct
the
sight
:
But
the
Doctor
said
and
demonstrated
,
that
a
thing
sufficiently
nigh
,
or
within
the
Cornea
,
makes
no
Image
on
the
bottom
of
the
Eye
and
is
not
seen
.
This
fellow
,
by
his
foolish
philosophy
infers
,
O
then
it
will
not
obstruct
the
sight
.
It
will
certainly
if
apply'd
over
all
the
Cornea
,
for
by
its
opacity
it
hinders
the
rayes
to
pass
from
other
Bodies
.
But
this
he
knew
not
,
to
wit
,
that
the
rayes
of
the
Sun
do
not
easily
pass
through
Milstones
.
Then
he
infers
,
that
if
what
the
Doctor
says
be
true
.
Persons
who
have
a
Cataract
growing
in
their
Eyes
,
would
not
see
Midges
,
as
it
were
,
that
is
,
the
Images
of
the
little
Bodies
which
float
within
the
Cornea
,
and
joining
make
up
the
Cataract
.
Here
is
a
great
instance
of
our
Pamphleteers
prying
Judgement
.
The
Doctor
to
show
that
in
a
Cataract
there
are
no
muscae
obvolitantes
&
obver
santes
oculis
,
arising
from
the
Images
made
on
the
Retina
by
Corpusculs
floating
within
the
Cornea
,
Taught
,
that
Corpusculs
so
plac'd
would
imprint
no
Image
:
O
then
,
says
the
Fool
,
there
would
be
no
Images
of
Midges
before
the
Eyes
of
those
in
whom
a
Cataract
is
growing
.
It
is
indeed
so
,
there
are
none
;
and
Experience
as
well
as
Demonstration
prove
it
to
be
as
the
Doctor
affirm'd
long
agoe
.
Ye
see
how
fundamentally
he
refures
the
Doctor
:
For
,
says
he
,
if
what
the
Doctor
says
(
and
demonstrates
)
be
true
,
then
the
contrary
is
false
.
And
who
can
help
it
?
However
,
he
makes
a
wonderful
shift
in
the
pages
67
and
68.
to
make
a
silly
Reader
believe
he
(
the
Pamphleteer
)
understood
the
matter
he
's
treating
of
:
for
he
very
impudently
comes
off
with
laughing
at
an
Axiome
,
the
Doctor
had
adduced
from
the
Opticks
.
Let
him
laugh
so
long
as
he
will
,
it
is
an
Axiome
,
and
admitted
for
such
by
all
the
Writers
of
Opticks
,
and
confirm'd
by
constant
experience
;
That
from
every
point
of
a
visible
object
(
that
is
,
an
object
illustrated
and
at
a
due
distance
from
the
eye
)
Rayes
of
light
come
to
all
the
parts
of
the
Cornea
.
And
therefore
(
said
the
Doctor
)
tho
some
parts
of
the
Cornea
were
cover'd
with
Opacous
Bodies
,
the
eye
would
see
all
the
parts
of
the
object
.
Now
this
I
can
let
any
person
see
,
by
putting
Bodies
not
transparent
on
the
Cornea
of
an
eye
,
or
by
looking
on
the
opack
marks
which
some
persons
have
on
their
Cornea
;
For
they
'l
not
hinder
you
from
seing
the
whole
object
,
except
the
whole
Cornea
be
covered
with
them
.
But
says
our
Pamphleteer
,
If
Rays
fall
on
these
opack
Bodies
laid
to
the
Cornea
,
or
on
the
Opack
Corpusculs
within
it
,
will
not
these
hinder
the
passage
of
those
Rays
?
Yes
certainly
But
in
the
mean
time
,
other
Rays
from
the
same
point
of
the
object
fall
on
all
the
other
points
(
and
some
are
not
covered
,
but
give
a
free
passage
)
of
the
Cornea
,
or
Aqueous
humour
;
and
by
help
of
such
Rays
we
see
that
point
of
the
Object
,
as
experience
does
teach
us
.
And
this
also
shews
us
the
truth
of
the
Optick
maxime
adduc'd
by
Doctor
Pitcairne
.
But
this
fellow
is
impregnable
against
common
sense
.
The
pages
72
and
73
,
are
taken
up
in
letting
us
see
;
That
he
understands
not
one
sentence
of
what
the
Doctor
had
said
,
nor
of
what
can
be
said
in
this
point
;
which
he
needed
not
have
been
at
the
pains
to
do
,
having
so
effectually
done
it
before
.
And
he
very
rightfully
concludes
,
That
the
Doctor
's
Oration
is
stark
Non
sense
;
for
indeed
the
Doctor
is
a
Barbarian
to
our
Pamphleteer
,
and
not
to
be
understood
by
a
Fellow
of
so
mean
understanding
.
We
come
now
to
the
page
76.
Where
our
Pamphleteer
falls
a
defying
of
Archimedes
,
who
said
,
that
if
he
were
plac'd
near
the
earth
(
not
sustain'd
by
it
)
on
a
firm
point
,
he
could
move
the
earth
.
This
our
Champion
was
not
concern'd
in
;
but
it
seems
,
he
would
needs
make
himself
famous
by
having
defy'd
Archimedes
.
Yet
he
shall
be
foil'd
by
a
lesser
one
than
he
.
For
it
is
demonstrated
by
the
Writers
of
Mechanicks
,
that
any
body
howsoever
great
can
be
moved
from
its
place
or
way
,
by
any
other
tho
never
so
small
,
and
never
so
slowly
or
weakly
making
impression
on
it
,
In
medio
minime
resistente
vel
uniformi
;
and
Mr
Newton
has
demonstrated
,
that
the
earth
and
the
rest
of
the
planets
are
in
such
a
Medium
,
and
Archimedes
knew
the
medium
to
be
such
.
Archimedes
then
had
reason
,
which
our
Pamphleteer
should
have
learn'd
of
him
,
or
of
Mathematicians
who
are
like
him
.
We
advance
then
to
his
page
77.
where
he
says
,
that
the
Doctors
principal
design
in
the
discourse
,
de
circulatione
per
vasa
minima
,
was
to
explain
how
Secretion
is
made
in
mens
Bodies
:
Which
is
false
.
For
his
great
design
there
was
to
refute
two
opinions
anent
that
affair
,
which
are
very
much
talked
of
where
he
then
was
;
But
this
he
could
not
do
without
explaining
Secretion
as
to
some
of
its
properties
:
for
neither
he
,
nor
any
man
else
has
yet
explain'd
all
of
them
publickly
.
But
let
us
see
what
he
says
,
page
79
,
&
80.
There
he
very
bravely
affirms
,
that
some
bodies
,
tho
every
way
less
than
the
hole
they
are
offered
to
,
yet
will
not
pass
through
that
hole
.
Which
is
a
further
testimony
of
his
impudent
stupidity
:
He
had
before
told
us
of
Two
screw-nails
equal
,
but
contrary
wayes
turn'd
,
which
will
not
enter
the
one
where
the
other
does
.
This
Blockhead
does
not
understand
what
the
Doctor
had
taught
,
to
wit
,
that
these
two
Nails
are
not
figurae
similiter
positae
,
and
that
as
the
one
is
offered
,
it
is
not
of
an
equal
Diameter
with
the
other
as
it
is
proposed
to
the
passage
.
I
am
convinc'd
now
,
that
this
Fellow
knows
not
what
a
Diameter
is
:
else
he
would
not
,
I
think
,
with
all
his
impudence
deny
,
that
a
body
whose
sides
every
way
are
nearer
to
one
another
,
than
are
to
one
another
the
sides
of
a
certain
hole
,
may
enter
that
hole
;
or
,
that
a
body
whose
greatest
extent
is
lest
than
the
least
extent
of
a
hole
,
may
enter
and
past
through
it
:
for
thus
I
have
worded
the
Doctors
proposition
,
that
I
might
not
terrify
our
Pamphleteer
with
Diameters
that
he
understands
so
little
;
for
it
's
plain
,
that
what
is
less
than
the
least
Diameter
of
an
orifice
can
be
contain'd
in
it
,
since
the
Diameter
is
contain'd
in
it
,
and
so
I
leave
him
to
speak
non-sense
about
his
Screws
,
while
I
in
a
few
words
deliver
the
substance
of
what
the
Doctor
alledges
;
and
then
I
shall
leave
it
to
the
Reader
to
judge
if
he
had
reason
on
his
side
.
All
the
Secretions
that
are
made
in
our
bodies
are
liquid
,
and
liquors
;
and
all
liquors
can
accomodate
themselves
to
the
figure
of
any
vessel
;
whatsoever
be
the
figure
of
the
parts
of
the
fluid
or
liquors
,
yet
the
liquor
it self
yeelds
to
the
figure
of
its
vessel
.
And
if
any
liquor
by
reason
of
its
viscousnes
does
not
readily
enter
a
small
orifice
,
when
the
force
impelling
it
is
not
able
to
divide
it
into
smaller
portions
,
that
liquor
is
excluded
,
not
by
reason
of
its
figure
,
but
because
it
is
too
great
a
portion
of
parts
,
(
in
respect
of
the
impelling
force
)
cohaerent
.
Now
this
is
a
demonstration
of
the
usefulness
of
the
diversity
of
Figures
in
pores
or
Secretory
vessels
;
and
no
more
was
needful
to
convince
men
of
their
errour
in
this
affair
.
But
this
is
past
over
by
our
Champion
,
because
it
was
too
plain
,
and
gave
him
no
room
to
play
with
his
Screws
.
Therefor
we
must
follow
him
to
the
page
84.
The
Doctor
had
demonstrated
,
that
a
solid
carried
in
a
liquor
,
and
driven
by
its
current
to
an
orifice
,
(
not
circular
)
if
its
Diameter
be
every
way
smaller
than
the
smallest
of
the
orifice
,
then
it
would
enter
and
pass
tho
it
were
of
never
so
different
a
figure
from
the
orifice
:
But
if
it
be
otherways
,
the
Doctor
did
demonstrat
that
there
would
be
an
infinite
number
of
turns
and
times
in
which
it
could
not
pass
,
for
one
in
which
it
might
,
that
is
to
say
,
(
for
I
see
our
Pamphleteer
has
aspight
at
any
way
of
expression
which
forces
him
to
understand
what
he
reads
)
in
all
eternity
it
would
pass
at
most
but
once
.
To
this
our
Champion
Answers
;
O
then
it
may
pass
,
and
that
is
enough
to
spoil
the
demonstration
.
And
indeed
it
was
enough
for
him
to
make
this
Answer
to
a
demonstration
he
understood
nothing
of
.
He
falls
(
after
this
shortand
substantious
Answer
)
upon
a
Rope-dancer
,
and
compares
him
with
a
corpuscule
carried
by
the
current
:
And
because
the
Rope
dancer
can
ballance
himself
and
do
many
things
as
the
lists
,
he
wisely
concluds
,
that
an
inanimat
particle
carried
down
by
an
unthinking
liquor
,
can
doe
the
like
,
and
ballance
itself
so
as
to
be
in
the
wish'd
for
situation
,
just
when
it
is
at
theentry
of
a
canal
.
This
might
have
past
when
Trees
spoke
.
But
I
must
here
againt
put
you
in
mind
of
the
necessity
and
usefulness
of
that
advice
the
Doctor
gave
,
to
beware
of
the
Sects
of
Philosophy
.
Our
Pamphleteer
needed
this
advice
more
than
any
man
alive
:
For
his
whole
Pamphlet
(
except
where
he
plays
the
Comedian
)
is
an
insignificant
discourse
buil
on
the
silly
opinions
and
falshoods
taught
by
some
sects
of
Philosophy
.
And
in
this
place
he
manfully
attempts
to
spoil
a
Demonstration
,
by
supposing
,
forsooth
,
that
every
part
of
our
Blood
is
a
rational
and
thinking
Rope-dancer
,
he
should
have
added
,
and
a
Comedian
too
.
Let
us
goe
on
to
his
88
page
.
The
Doctor
had
concluded
,
that
either
there
would
be
no
Secretion
,
or
entry
of
small-bodies
into
the
secretory
vessels
,
or
,
the
particles
must
change
the
orifice
to
a
circular
figure
,
since
no
other
figure
could
give
them
entry
more
than
once
in
an
infinite
time
.
Now
let
us
here
what
answer
our
Champion
makes
.
There
is
not
(
says
he
)
the
least
shadow
of
probability
,
that
pores
will
become
circular
by
corpusculs
of
different
figures
striving
to
enter
,
and
forcing
their
way
:
for
a
Cube
applying
it self
to
a
square
orifice
will
never
make
the
orifice
round
,
for
it
cannot
enter
,
and
will
somer
be
made
round
than
the
pore
The
Doctor
ahd
demonstrated
first
,
that
the
corpusculs
of
different
figures
,
and
not
having
all
their
Diameters
less
than
the
least
one
of
the
orifice
,
would
not
enter
.
And
there
our
Champion
very
gravely
(
but
without
reason
)
pronounce
,
that
they
might
enter
,
notwithstanding
of
what
was
said
.
In
the
next
place
;
The
Doctor
told
,
that
if
they
should
enter
,
then
they
'd
make
the
Orifice
round
.
Hold
,
sayes
the
Champion
,
they
cannot
enter
at
all
.
And
indeed
,
he
is
in
the
right
on
't
,
for
they
'll
not
enter
in
ones
lifetime
,
and
what
then
becomes
of
Secretion
mannag'd
by
diversity
of
Pores
?
It
is
strange
tho
,
to
see
the
dice
so
much
at
this
fellow's
command
,
that
they
are
in
what
humour
he
pleases
of
entring
or
not
entring
.
But
it
is
very
pleasant
to
see
,
how
gingerly
he
passes
over
the
Doctor
's
Demonstration
of
the
Orifices
of
all
our
Vessels
being
Circular
.
The
Demonstration
is
shortly
this
.
All
Liquors
running
through
a
Canal
whose
sides
are
membranous
,
&
easily
yeild
(
tho
at
first
the
Orifice
of
it
be
not
circular-ways
dispos'd
)
do
equally
on
all
sides
tend
from
the
Center
to
the
Circumference
,
and
consequently
extend
the
containing
Membrane
equally
on
all
sides
;
and
so
its
Orifice
becomes
Circular
,
since
a
Circle
is
nothing
else
but
a
figure
,
whose
sides
every
where
are
equally
distant
from
a
point
within
them
,
which
we
call
the
Center
.
What
do
you
think
is
his
answer
?
Forsooth
,
Sir
,
it
is
a
question
.
How
comes
it
then
to
pass
,
says
he
,
page
90
,
That
the
Valvuls
at
the
Heart
,
and
the
Wula
are
not
worn
away
?
And
why
has
not
the
Air
made
our
Nostrils
round
ere
now
?
I
cannot
guess
,
what
propose
it
serves
for
to
speak
of
the
Valvuls
and
Wula's
being
not
worn
away
,
unless
it
be
to
prove
that
he
'll
always
have
something
to
say
,
tho
never
so
little
to
the
purpose
;
for
here
the
Doctor
is
speaking
only
of
extending
thin
membranous
Orifices
:
And
it
is
very
plain
that
the
Valvuls
by
the
force
of
the
entring
Blood
are
apply'd
to
the
sides
of
tha
Arteries
ex
.
gr
.
and
consequently
become
circular
,
as
every
section
of
the
Artery
is
.
As
to
our
Nostrils
;
Our
Pamphleteer
for
the
favour
I
have
done
him
in
answering
his
first
question
,
is
to
prove
that
our
Nostrils
are
thin
and
very
yeilding
Membranes
,
just
as
the
capillary
Vessels
are
;
Yea
as
thin
and
yeilding
in
respect
of
of
the
Air
,
as
the
capillary
Vessels
are
in
respect
of
the
Blood
;
and
here
we
have
prescinded
from
the
impetus
that
the
Blood
has
from
the
Heart
,
the
like
whereof
the
Air
has
not
.
Our
Champion
finding
,
that
in
spite
of
his
Answers
&
questions
,
too
the
diversity
of
Pores
would
fall
;
is
resolv'd
(
page
92
)
to
comply
,
but
is
not
able
to
overcome
that
great
difficulty
,
(
great
to
Block
heads
and
Dunces
)
How
it
comes
,
that
either
Urine
does
not
pass
with
the
Bile
,
if
the
passage
for
the
Bile
be
greater
than
that
for
the
Urine
,
or
that
the
Bile
does
not
go
alongst
with
the
Urine
,
if
the
passage
for
this
be
widest
?
Now
this
is
answer'd
already
by
the
Doctor
in
t
he
18
paragraph
of
his
discourse
de
circulatione
per
vasaminima
:
But
this
man
understood
it
not
,
tho
the
account
of
the
Phaenomenon
there
given
be
very
plain
.
Yet
to
please
him
,
I
'll
let
him
make
the
passage
for
the
Bile
wider
than
that
for
the
Urine
,
(
tho
it
he
make
it
narrower
,
it
will
not
avail
him
)
O
then
,
says
he
,
All
the
Urine
will
goe
through
the
Liver
to
the
Intestines
.
Youare
hugely
in
the
wrong
,
Sir
,
with
your
Metaphysicks
.
For
,
to
tell
you
in
plain
Scotch
,
what
you
could
not
understand
when
the
Doctor
told
it
in
plain
Lain
;
There
is
no
sincere
and
homogeneous
Secretion
in
the
Body
of
Man
:
And
the
Bile
when
it
is
secern'd
in
the
Liver
,
has
driven
alongst
with
it
some
parts
of
Urine
,
and
some
parts
like
those
secern'd
in
many
other
places
.
For
when
the
Blood
comes
at
the
same
time
by
different
portions
to
the
Liver
and
Kidneys
,
it
is
plain
,
that
there
will
pass
through
the
Kidneys
all
that
can
pass
,
(
in
which
company
there
will
be
a
little
Bile
,
if
the
passage
there
be
narrower
than
in
the
Liver
)
and
in
the
Liver
at
the
same
time
,
out
o
fthe
blood
that
comes
thither
will
be
secern'd
whatever
is
loose
and
receavalbe
by
the
passage
of
the
Bile
:
and
here
we
'll
find
some
part
of
Urine
(
which
,
because
the
Bile
flows
slowly
,
and
for
the
most
part
stagnats
in
its
secretory
vessels
,
unites
by
time
with
the
fat
like
parts
of
the
Bile
)
and
other
excretions
too
;
all
which
join'd
together
make
what
commonly
is
call'd
Bile
.
Now
,
there
is
no
fear
that
all
the
Urine
come
this
way
,
for
the
Bile
must
come
this
way
(
since
to
please
our
Pamphleteer
,
we
have
made
the
passage
in
the
Kidneys
too
narrow
for
the
Bile
)
and
the
Urine
has
sufficient
passage
in
the
Kidneys
to
transmit
the
greatest
part
of
it
;
the
passges
through
the
Liver
being
too
few
for
both
.
But
there
are
other
reasons
that
can
be
brought
,
were
it
not
a
folly
to
cast
a
Pearle
before
such
a
beast
as
this
is
,
that
understands
nothing
except
to
kick
.
For
it
was
not
the
Doctors
design
to
explain
every
Secretion
in
the
Body
,
but
only
secretion
in
general
,
that
is
,
some
properties
common
to
all
Secretions
;
such
as
,
that
all
secretion
is
done
without
any
Ferment
,
and
all
secretion
is
performed
in
pores
of
a
circular
figure
.
But
the
particular
secretions
depend
upon
something
besides
,
better
known
to
Doctor
Pitciarne
than
to
Tarugo
.
It
is
time
now
to
follow
him
to
the
page
97
,
98
,
and
99
,
where
he
is
Angry
(
or
not
pleas'd
)
with
the
Doctor
,
for
saying
,
that
Mercury
(
the
Doctor
is
speaking
of
common
quick
silver
)
acts
in
our
Bodies
by
its
weight
C
,
then
,
says
the
Pamphleteer
,
Gold
would
raise
a
Salivation
,
and
cure
the
French
.
Pox
better
than
Mercury
;
which
,
says
he
,
the
meanest
Surgeon
knows
to
be
salfe
.
Here
is
a
mighty
instance
of
the
ignorance
of
this
Fellow
.
The
Doctor
had
said
,
that
if
Gold
were
as
fluid
as
Mercuty
,
it
would
doe
greater
Feats
.
And
this
is
the
same
as
to
have
said
,
that
Mercury
would
doe
greater
fears
than
it
now
does
,
if
it
were
heavier
or
as
heavy
as
gold
Now
,
which
the
Surgeons
that
are
the
Pamphleteers
friends
has
told
him
,
that
Gold
reduc'd
to
a
state
of
fluidity
,
like
Mercury
,
would
not
cure
the
French
Pox
;
I
cannot
tell
this
I
know
,
it
would
be
kindly
done
in
a
Surgion
to
tell
him
how
to
write
a
Receit
or
bill
for
his
patient
,
but
he
has
yet
a
quarrel
with
the
Doctor
,
for
saying
,
that
baths
wrought
only
by
their
weight
on
our
bodies
.
He
adduces
Bellini's
authority
to
prove
that
they
work
otherways
than
by
their
weight
,
since
Bellini
thinks
it
probable
that
they
penetrat
through
the
Skin
to
the
liquors
,
&c.
But
pray
good
Tarugo
does
Bellini
says
that
they
penetrate
by
any
other
force
than
their
weight
?
It
is
their
weight
that
produces
the
effects
attributed
to
them
,
and
it
is
the
outward
pressure
that
(
as
an
effect
of
weight
)
is
the
most
certain
operation
of
Baths
.
The
effects
that
may
be
produc'd
by
penetrating
,
are
not
so
certain
;
the
penetration
being
more
dubious
thatn
the
pressure
tho
both
are
the
effect
of
weight
.
But
these
things
are
too
clear
.
And
I
therefore
pass
to
the
page
102
:
which
,
and
to
the
page
110
,
he
spends
,
as
he
would
have
one
think
.
In
refuting
what
the
Doctor
advances
in
a
Discourse
about
Respiration
.
But
he
touches
not
,
nor
medles
with
any
thing
said
thereanent
.
Only
in
the
page
105.
He
leaps
to
another
Discourse
,
in
which
the
Doctor
en
passant
had
Answered
an
Objection
made
against
his
Opinion
about
Respiration
,
some
time
after
it
had
been
printed
.
The
Objection
was
How
it
comes
to
pass
,
That
if
a
Whelp
ex
.
gr
.
once
breath
,
and
then
be
stop'd
from
breathing
before
the
old
Canals
(
through
which
much
of
the
blood
past
before
breathing
)
be
stopt
,
yet
will
dye
in
a
little
time
.
The
Doctor
gives
two
answers
to
it
.
The
first
made
it
plain
(
from
what
he
had
proven
in
his
de
Respiratione
)
that
the
expanded
Air
stopt
the
passage
of
the
Lungs
,
which
had
never
been
stopt
before
,
the
whole
Blood
never
having
past
thro
the
old
Canals
without
touching
at
the
Lungs
:
And
so
the
Whelp
must
in
a
little
time
dye
;
a
part
of
the
Blood
being
stopt
in
the
right
Ventricle
of
the
Heart
.
Here
our
Champion
first
makes
a
great
noise
,
by
calling
this
a
lame
Demonstration
whereas
the
Block
head
might
have
seen
that
it
is
an
answer
to
an
Objection
.
But
he
had
been
so
harrasied
with
Demonstrations
,
&
put
by
them
to
such
pitiful
shifts
,
that
the
Terrour
of
them
was
not
gone
;
and
therefore
when
he
fell
into
a
place
where
the
Doctor
was
giving
out
his
Answers
,
he
took
them
for
Demonstrations
too
.
Next
,
he
cry's
out
that
a
Clown
may
laugh
at
the
Doctor
who
says
,
That
tho
the
old
Canals
be
open
,
yet
the
Blood
will
not
all
go
that
way
,
because
it
never
all
went
that
way
.
Now
this
Fellow
lye's
.
For
the
Dotor
had
said
,
That
the
Blood
could
not
all
go
thro
the
old
Canals
;
and
this
,
I
think
,
is
a
reason
for
its
not
going
all
thro
them
.
The
old
Canals
are
not
capacious
enough
to
give
passage
to
the
whole
Blood
,
so
as
to
mautain
the
necessary
Circulation
,
and
Life
depending
on
it
.
That
this
Fellow
lyes
on
the
Doctor
it
appears
both
from
what
he
translates
out
of
the
Doctors
Answer
,
in
the
beginning
of
the
the
page
105
,
and
from
what
he
acknowledges
in
the
two
last
lines
,
page
106
,
and
the
two
first
of
page
107.
But
he
was
necessitated
to
make
a
Lye
,
for
else
he
had
nothing
at
all
to
say
.
Yet
after
he
has
acknowledged
himself
to
have
ly'd
,
and
that
the
Doctor
had
told
plainly
,
That
the
Blood
could
not
all
pass
thro
the
old
Canals
,
but
some
of
it
at
every
Systole
Cordis
would
be
left
in
the
right
Ventricle
of
the
Heart
;
he
very
Magisterially
says
,
Let
it
e'en
step
on
slowly
,
and
take
the
more
time
,
and
it
will
come
to
its
journey's
end
before
night
.
This
Fellow's
business
here
was
to
prove
,
That
all
the
Blood
could
pass
thro
the
old
Canals
.
Instead
of
doing
this
,
he
gives
in
his
word
for
it
,
that
it
will
all
pass
,
but
slowly
.
But
he
Lyes
so
often
,
that
I
am
not
resolv'd
to
take
any
thing
upon
his
bare
Authority
.
In
the
mean
time
,
I
'll
advertise
him
,
that
in
a
very
few
Systoles
the
right
Ventricle
of
the
Heart
will
be
so
fill'd
with
Blood
(
which
should
have
past
thro
the
Lungs
,
and
cannot
yet
pass
thro
the
old
Canals
timeously
)
that
no
more
Blood
can
be
receiv'dd
into
that
Ventricle
;
And
so
the
Circulation
ceases
at
the
Fountain
.
But
after
our
Champion
had
acknowledged
that
he
had
ly'd
,
finding
no
advantage
against
the
Doctor
by
being
ingenuous
,
he
Repents
himsef
,
and
falls
back
into
his
former
Lye
,
and
through
almost
two
pages
makes
a
fine
Dialogue
with
a
Child
,
(
It
would
seem
to
have
been
his
Trade
)
founded
on
nothing
but
his
own
Lye
.
He
comes
next
page
111
,
To
cavil
at
the
account
given
by
the
Doctor
of
one
Thunder-stroke
some
years
agoe
,
whose
Lungs
were
clapt
together
in
an
extraordinary
manner
and
degree
:
This
is
matter
of
fact
.
Here
our
Champion
cry's
out
against
the
Doctor
for
having
faid
,
That
the
Lungs
too
much
blown
up
with
Air
,
hinder
the
Circulation
throw
themselves
;
And
yet
now
,
says
he
,
he
makes
their
not
being
blown
at
all
to
stop
that
same
Circulation
.
If
he
had
any
sense
or
ingenuity
he
'd
see
both
to
be
true
.
If
the
Lungs
be
too
much
blown
,
the
Blood-vessells
are
too
much
straitned
:
If
they
are
entirely
flaccid
,
there
wants
the
weight
of
the
Air
,
and
elasticity
to
squeese
the
blood
by
turnes
into
the
left
Ventricle
of
the
Heart
,
and
so
it
cannot
pass
sufficiently
in
One
(
whose
old
Canals
are
stopt
)
to
entertain
Life
:
Now
,
it
when
One
is
puting
forth
the
Air
out
of
his
Lungs
it
shall
happen
(
as
it
happened
to
the
Person
kill'd
by
the
Thunder
)
that
the
Air
is
ratified
,
and
so
made
much
and
suddenly
lighter
,
It
will
come
to
pass
That
first
,
a
small
part
of
that
mass
of
Air
which
he
put
forth
will
returne
to
the
Lungs
,
because
a
small
part
now
takes
up
the
room
of
the
whole
;
And
therefore
,
there
will
be
wanting
that
weight
which
the
whole
mass
before
exerted
for
continuing
the
Circulation
thro
the
Lungs
:
And
Secondly
,
The
Man
must
dye
,
if
the
Air
continue
in
this
state
of
rare
fraction
made
by
the
Lightning
,
longer
than
he
can
live
without
Air
,
as
the
event
sheu'd
it
had
done
in
this
Man's
case
And
here
we
have
a
new
proof
of
the
hurt
that
Metaphysicks
doe
in
Reasoning
;
For
our
Champion
by
vertue
of
them
has
found
out
,
That
in
Liquors
the
parts
by
rare
fraction
grow
less
than
before
;
Whereas
,
say's
he
,
they
might
indeed
grow
larger
,
if
they
were
like
the
parts
of
brass
or
malleable
matter
.
Now
every
body
knows
that
the
portions
of
Air
are
Elastick
,
and
that
when
they
are
liberated
rated
from
compression
,
they
like
wool
(
for
to
this
they
are
by
Mr.
Royl
and
others
likned
)
exolve
and
expand
themselves
without
having
their
parts
made
Lesser
,
but
only
by
having
some
of
them
remov'd
farther
from
some
others
than
before
,
and
so
acquire
a
greater
superfice
,
or
volume
.
But
out
Champion
must
be
excused
for
his
mistake
;
for
the
Metaphisicks
make
no
mention
of
Elastick
Fluids
.
Before
I
leave
him
,
I
must
take
notice
how
he
wrests
and
mangles
the
Doctors
words
.
The
Doctor
had
said
,
That
(
in
the
case
of
him
that
was
kill'd
with
Thunder
)
The
air
being
suddenly
and
much
expanded
(
the
air
which
environ'd
the
Man
)
could
not
blow
up
the
Lungs
,
its
weight
being
diminished
,
neither
could
it
enter
,
its
superfice
being
enlarged
.
And
this
fellow
makes
the
Doctor
say
.
That
the
particles
of
the
Air
become
larger
and
lighter
.
Now
his
Metaphysicks
would
not
have
furnished
him
with
any
quible
against
the
Airs
growing
lighter
and
more
expanded
;
but
he
had
a
quible
about
parts
growing
lesser
,
which
I
leave
him
to
pursue
:
Only
,
since
the
Air
may
be
expanded
,
and
any
portion
of
it
fill
a
larger
space
;
I
would
know
,
if
then
its
parts
do
not
proportionally
grow
larger
?
For
,
Totum
faciunt
partes
I
come
now
to
his
page
.
117.
In
this
and
some
following
pages
he
makes
all
the
use
he
can
of
his
Art
Metaphisical
,
which
seems
to
be
the
same
with
Lullius's
,
that
is
,
the
Art
of
raving
and
pratling
of
things
he
knows
nothing
of
at
all
.
The
Doctor
in
a
discourse
had
made
it
manifest
,
That
no
ferment
in
the
Stomach
dissolves
our
meats
.
This
was
his
main
design
;
and
his
reason
was
,
that
the
same
Ferment
would
dissolve
our
Stomachs
and
Guts
.
In
place
of
this
Ferment
he
substituted
the
attrition
that
the
meat
suffers
in
the
stomach
,
by
the
which
its
parts
are
separated
,
after
that
by
the
heat
of
the
Invironing
parts
and
moisture
,
it
is
made
tender
and
easie
to
be
divided
into
small
particles
He
rejected
therefore
Doctor
Listers
Opinion
,
not
as
false
,
but
in
so
far
as
he
attributed
too
much
to
Putrification
;
and
because
it
is
plain
,
that
the
efficient
cause
(
which
is
mainly
requir'd
)
is
the
stomach
(
help'd
by
other
parts
)
by
its
motion
.
But
because
the
Doctor
knew
it
would
be
objected
,
that
the
same
attrition
might
wear
off
parts
of
the
stomach
,
he
thought
fit
to
furnish
his
Reader
with
an
Answer
to
it
,
taken
out
of
many
that
could
be
made
,
and
it
is
this
;
that
the
same
parts
and
sides
of
a
bit
of
meat
are
exposed
to
the
action
of
the
stomach
,
whereas
this
action
is
not
performed
by
the
same
parts
of
the
stomach
,
but
by
diverse
parts
of
it
applyed
one
after
another
.
This
Answer
the
Pamphleteer
takes
no
notice
off
;
for
he
had
nothing
to
say
against
it
.
Now
,
it
is
plain
,
that
the
serment
is
applyed
always
to
the
same
part
of
the
stomach
,
especially
it
being
deriv'd
from
the
blood
in
Glanduls
which
contain
it
,
and
furnish
the
stomach
with
it
:
For
I
make
use
of
the
word
Glandule
,
to
please
and
comply
with
the
Adversaries
.
We
are
then
to
consider
what
the
Pamphleter
says
pag
124.
There
he
is
very
angry
at
the
Doctor
for
saying
,
That
the
Circulation
of
the
Blood
is
the
ground
and
foundation
of
all
Medicine
.
For
besides
that
One
might
infer
from
it
.
That
a
good
friend
of
the
Pamphleters
knew
nothing
of
Medicine
,
because
when
he
was
examin'd
,
he
told
very
gravely
,
as
one
who
believes
what
he
says
,
That
the
blood
went
out
by
the
Veins
from
the
Heart
,
and
return'd
to
it
by
Arteries
from
all
parts
of
the
Body
;
I
say
,
besids
this
,
it
spoils
his
pretences
of
being
a
learn'd
Physician
by
reading
scraps
of
Hippocrate
and
Galen
,
who
were
ignorant
of
it
;
as
the
Doctor
has
prov'd
beyond
any
possibility
of
being
refuted
.
But
there
is
great
reason
of
suspecting
that
the
Pamphleteer
himself
does
not
understand
the
Circulation
,
and
then
he
had
but
reason
to
be
angry
with
the
Doctor
for
extolling
it
so
farr
.
In
the
same
page
the
Pamphleteer
endeavours
to
shew
that
the
Circulation
is
not
the
ground
of
Medicine
,
since
after
its
invention
Physicians
practise
after
the
old
method
,
by
Derivations
,
Revulsions
,
and
Bloodings
at
different
parts
of
the
Body
.
Where
he
means
(
else
he
speaks
arrant
nonsense
)
that
Derivations
&c.
are
inconsistant
with
the
Circulation
;
Which
proves
him
ignorant
of
the
Circulation
altogether
,
for
these
agree
exactly
,
Let
him
to
this
purpose
read
the
sixth
prop
of
Bellini
de
Missione
Sanguinis
.
But
since
he
understands
not
Mathematicks
,
he
'll
not
understand
the
demonstration
of
that
proposition
.
In
the
pag
125.
He
shows
himself
a
notable
Disputant
.
For
the
Doctor
had
taught
,
That
if
any
obstruction
should
happen
in
the
Conduits
,
it
would
,
ceteris
paribus
,
more
readily
happen
in
the
Arteries
than
in
the
Veins
,
&c
because
the
blood
,
which
carries
the
causes
of
obstructions
,
runs
from
the
wider
towards
the
narrower
part
of
the
Artery
;
so
that
the
sides
of
the
Arteries
doe
oppose
the
motion
of
the
blood
,
the
contrary
whereof
happens
in
the
Veins
:
And
the
thing
that
could
make
an
Obstruction
in
a
Vein
,
must
make
it
first
an
Artery
;
for
it
must
first
by
the
law
of
the
Circulation
come
to
the
smallest
part
of
the
Artery
and
pass
it
,
before
it
can
come
to
stop
in
the
Vein
.
Now
,
the
Artery
being
as
small
(
or
smallet
)
as
the
Vein
,
if
it
could
obstruct
the
last
,
it
must
obstruct
the
first
.
The
Pamphleteer
finds
here
a
brave
way
to
escape
,
and
raise
,
as
he
thought
,
a
great
disput.
The
sides
,
says
he
,
of
the
Arteries
are
yeelding
,
and
so
cannot
support
the
ends
or
Arches
,
as
it
were
,
of
the
obstructing
Body
.
But
are
not
the
sides
of
the
Arteries
as
stiff
as
the
sides
of
the
Veins
,
&c.
But
it
is
to
be
remarked
,
that
obstructions
happen
in
the
places
where
the
motion
of
the
Blood
is
slowest
,
and
where
there
is
very
litle
dilatation
of
the
Arteries
;
so
that
all
our
Pamphleteer's
quibles
serve
to
no
purpose
,
unless
to
prove
,
That
the
is
no
obstruction
at
all
:
For
the
Doctor
in
the
22
paragraph
of
that
Discourse
shews
,
That
the
Obstructing
of
Viscous
sticking
matter
is
to
be
found
rather
in
the
Arteriae
Evanescentes
than
in
the
Veins
:
Now
,
the
Arteriae
Evanescentes
retain
nothing
of
an
Artery
.
save
the
figure
.
This
was
told
by
the
Doctor
in
that
paragraph
in
mathematical
termes
,
that
the
thing
might
be
less
subject
to
ambiguity
,
and
the
more
comprehensively
exprest
.
AEqualis
est
velocitas
in
evanescente
Arteria
&
nascente
Vena
,
said
the
Doctor
;
and
therefore
no
more
motion
in
the
One
than
in
the
Other
.
This
is
manifest
,
by
the
Vein's
being
a
continued
conduit
with
the
Artery
,
as
the
Doctor
prov'd
,
and
Microscopes
let
us
see
.
And
thus
our
Quibler's
pitiful
shifts
are
discovered
;
which
depend
upon
gross
ignorance
of
Anatomy
and
Mathematicks
,
and
every
thing
that
is
accurately
exprest
,
that
is
,
put
in
a
Mathematical
form
of
words
.
Let
us
now
come
up
to
his
page
129.
The
Doctor
had
taught
that
Willis
and
Sylvius
,
and
a
great
many
others
were
in
the
wrong
to
place
the
cause
of
Apoplexies
,
&c
,
In
the
Nerves
,
since
by
what
is
said
in
that
discourse
de
Circulatione
in
Genitis
&
non
Genitis
,
the
said
cause
must
principally
be
found
in
the
Arteries
.
And
because
the
Doctor
knew
it
was
the
common
doctrine
of
the
place
he
then
was
in
,
That
Apoplexies
were
produc'd
sometimes
by
a
Coagulation
of
the
Blood
,
in
which
case
they
reckon'd
that
Rupturs
and
Extravasations
follow'd
;
and
sometimes
(
this
was
the
opinion
of
Syllvius
a
man
famous
there
)
by
a
kind
of
Coagulation
of
the
spirits
,
by
the
force
or
infection
of
Opium
or
other
bodies
having
the
like
quality
.
Now
in
this
case
they
reckoned
no
extravasations
of
Blood
,
since
the
fault
is
in
the
Spirits
and
not
in
the
Blood
.
The
Doctor
made
no
doubt
of
the
truth
of
what
is
alledged
in
the
first
place
;
since
observations
teach
,
that
Apoplexies
often
fall
out
by
the
Coagulation
of
the
Blood
in
the
Arteries
,
and
consequently
its
extravasation
:
And
therefore
he
speaks
nothing
of
it
,
but
in
general
that
whatever
it
be
,
it
must
make
the
first
obstruction
in
the
Arteries
.
And
then
he
falls
to
examine
the
second
opinion
,
anent
Apoplexie's
being
produc'd
by
the
immobility
and
Coagulation
of
the
Animal
Spirits
;
which
Willis
tollowed
too
.
To
doe
this
aright
,
he
explains
the
way
of
Opiums
working
;
which
is
not
by
killing
or
coagulating
the
Spirits
:
But
by
rarifying
the
blood
,
which
compresses
the
Nerves
in
the
head
where
there
is
least
resistance
.
Now
,
this
is
so
manifest
,
that
there
is
no
rarifier
of
the
blood
of
any
force
,
that
is
,
no
efficacious
sudorifick
,
that
does
not
bring
sleep
on
the
Person
that
is
put
a
sweating
.
Here
our
Pamphleteer
objects
;
that
then
,
Spirit
of
Hart-horn
&c
:
And
such
like
rarifiers
of
the
Blood
,
would
bring
men
into
Apoplexies
,
which
nevertheless
cure
that
disease
.
This
fellow
has
never
seen
an
Apoplexy
that
talks
of
curing
it
by
the
rarifying
force
of
Spirit
of
Hart-horn
and
the
like
.
The
Volatile
Salts
and
Spirits
given
in
good
quantities
to
Apoplectick
persons
,
work
neither
by
their
rarifying
quality
,
nor
by
their
coagulating
one
,
but
by
their
stimulating
and
irritating
force
(
as
the
Doctor
taught
us
when
he
treated
about
Apoplexy
)
or
the
force
and
power
they
have
of
raising
pain
:
For
it
's
plain
,
that
the
foame
of
Vinegar
from
a
red
hot-iron
has
as
much
vertue
to
recover
one
from
an
Apoplectick
fit
,
as
the
spirit
of
Hart-horn
,
tho
Vineger
be
no
great
rarifier
of
the
blood
.
As
for
giving
the
spirit
of
Hart-horn
or
volatile
Salts
inwardly
,
(
a
thing
not
to
be
done
in
the
fit
of
an
Apoplexy
)
If
they
be
given
in
a
good
and
sufficient
quantity
,
they
'l
bring
ease
of
pain
,
and
sleep
,
just
as
doth
Opium
,
which
I
desire
our
Pamphleteer
to
learn
,
But
it
is
not
possible
to
see
such
effects
of
the
Volatile
Spirit
or
Salts
,
if
they
be
given
by
one
gutt
or
grain
for
a
Dose
,
as
he
and
his
learn'd
friend
do
order
them
.
Now
I
leave
it
to
a
discreet
Reader
to
judge
,
what
an
excellent
argument
this
of
the
Pamphleteer
is
against
the
Doctor
.
If
(
says
the
Pamphleteer
page
130
)
Wyne
or
any
thing
that
rarifies
the
Blood
bring
a
fit
of
an
Apoplexy
,
then
another
Dose
of
the
same
will
cure
you
of
the
fit
.
I
leave
this
cure
to
his
Friend
and
Comatade
.
But
I
proceed
.
The
Doctor
teaches
;
That
every
thing
which
rarifies
the
blood
so
much
,
that
the
Arteries
in
the
Brain
containing
it
,
are
dilated
to
a
degree
sufficient
for
compressing
the
Nerves
there
,
and
so
hindering
the
Efflux
of
Spirits
,
will
bring
Sleep
;
and
perhaps
a
fit
of
sleepy
Disease
.
Now
this
is
evident
.
O
but
,
says
our
Pamphleteer
,
Then
all
Sudorisicks
&c.
will
make
us
sleep
.
And
I
tell
him
,
they
'll
certainly
do
so
,
when
either
their
quantity
or
force
is
such
as
to
produce
a
dilatation
of
the
Arteries
sufficient
to
compress
the
Nerves
in
the
Brain
.
What
he
says
farther
in
this
affair
,
is
arrant
nonsense
;
as
is
what
he
talks
about
the
Heart's
having
an
Antagonist
Muscle
,
than
which
nothing
could
have
been
said
so
contrary
to
Anatomy
,
and
so
proper
to
make
our
Pamphleteer's
gross
Ignorance
appear
to
the
meanest
Apprentice
.
The
Doctor
had
taught
,
That
the
reason
of
the
Heart's
motion
not
ceasing
was
,
that
the
Heart
had
not
an
opposite
Muscle
:
For
at
all
times
all
the
Muscles
have
an
equal
quantity
of
Spirits
flowing
to
them
,
and
keeping
them
in
Aequilibrio
;
else
one
Muscle
would
move
the
Member
,
while
the
other
being
destitute
of
Spirits
to
blow
it
and
contract
it
,
remain'd
idle
and
useless
.
Now
if
Muscles
for
bowing
the
Arm
ex
gr
.
prevail
,
it
is
because
they
have
,
over
and
above
the
quantity
of
Spirits
and
Blood
which
they
got
to
keep
them
in
ballance
with
those
Muscles
which
serve
to
hindet
it
from
bowing
,
a
new
quantity
sent
to
cast
the
ballance
,
and
to
make
the
contraction
stronger
on
their
side
.
Now
,
the
Heart
having
no
Muscle
to
act
against
it
,
or
to
how
a
Member
to
the
contrary
side
,
needs
fewer
Spirits
and
Nerves
less
free
from
compression
;
and
so
can
be
in
motion
when
other
Muscles
are
not
,
which
require
a
quantity
of
Spirits
to
overcome
the
quantity
of
their
opposite
Muscles
,
over
and
above
what
is
requisite
to
keep
them
in
Aequilibrio
,
Whereas
the
Heart
requires
no
more
than
what
would
keep
in
Aequilibrio
with
its
opposite
,
if
it
had
any
;
and
much
less
.
To
this
our
Pamphleteer
Answers
,
That
tho
the
Heart
has
not
an
opposite
or
Antagonist
Muscle
,
yet
it
has
first
,
the
Motus
Restitutionis
to
surmount
;
and
so
have
all
Muscles
,
Sir
,
(
and
this
is
our
Pamphleteers
depth
of
Anatomy
)
as
much
as
the
Heart
.
Next
,
says
he
,
it
has
the
Blood
to
squirt
out
,
and
no
small
force
is
requisit
to
that
.
And
,
Sir
,
other
Muscles
have
a
heavy
bone
to
lift
up
,
a
Leg
or
Arm
;
and
no
small
force
is
requisite
to
this
;
Yea
over
and
above
,
they
have
the
force
of
a
contrary
and
equal
Muscle
to
overcome
,
which
the
Heart
is
not
incumbered
with
.
And
this
is
the
shallowness
of
our
Pamphleteer
,
who
has
all
along
spoke
nonsense
,
because
he
did
not
understand
what
it
is
to
have
or
want
an
opposite
or
Antagonist
Muscle
Yet
he
would
needs
quible
about
it
,
that
he
might
seem
to
understand
it
.
He
has
had
the
like
impudence
over
all
the
Pamphlet
in
medling
with
Mathematicks
of
which
he
is
most
grosly
Ignorant
;
so
monstruously
Ignorant
,
that
he
(
page
85
)
brings
in
Bodies
,
some
Triangular
,
some
Square
,
&c.
All
which
are
Impossibilities
,
but
Demonstrations
of
the
Fellows
intollerable
Ignorance
in
an
affair
in
which
he
pretended
to
give
Judgement
.
I
refer
him
therefore
to
his
Studies
,
and
to
the
Mathematick-Professor
,
who
can
teach
him
(
if
teachable
)
as
much
Geometry
as
will
serve
to
let
him
see
that
the
Muscles
which
dilate
the
Breast
are
stronger
than
these
which
constrict
it
;
And
that
the
Muscles
which
he
has
muster'd
up
as
constrictors
of
it
perform
a
very
different
office
,
whatever
Galen
has
said
to
the
contrary
:
FINIS
.