But they that resist , it is a signe that they esteeme them a Terror , and expect no praise from them , and consequently that they are wicked and not well doers :

Therefore for avoiding that imputation , Even for your credits sake , Render to all their dues .

The Ruler is the Minister of God for thy good : verse 4.

But it is just by the Law of Nature , that we should give to those that minister for our good :

Therefore for Naturall Iustice sake , Render to all their dues .

The Ruler beares not the sword in vaine , but is the Revenger of wrath on them that doe evill : verse 4.

But there is no man which doth not evil in some things , and consequently is subject to wrath and revenge :

Therefore even for Policies sake , Render to all their dues .

Ye must be subject , not onely for wrath , but also because of conscience : verse 5.

But whatsoever a man is bound to doe for conscience as well as for feare , every man is bound to doe in duty :

Therefore for duties sake , Render to all their dues .

a a Non mirum est Paulum tot modis & rationibus commendare nobis obedientiam erga Magistratum ; afficile enim aliequi est superbos hominum sensus in hoc officio continere , volumus enim omnes esse domini & parere nemini . Pet. Mart. in loc. You pay tribute to Rulers for this Cause , because they are Gods Ministers attending continually upon Government : verse 6.

But whatsoever men attend upon continually , they are to bee paid that which is due for it , and consequently Princes which attend upon government continually are to be paid the due for it , which is Tribute :

Therefore for Conscience sake , Render to all their dues .

And so from the Paraphrase I descend to survey the Particulars ; only let me entreat leave by the way , that although the speciall scope of my Text aime at the dues to b b Athana . or Volgar . or Theophil . Aquin. Lyra. Bruco . Claud. Calvin . Marlorat . Paraus . all Princes , whether good Governors or Tyrants , ( as I shal also prosecute it ) yet I may not bee so tied up , but that I may extend this ( All ) to al persons , Princes & People , Magistrats and Ministers Superior & inferior , Nocent and Innocent ; as S. Ambrose , Gorran , Musculus , and Rolloc understand it : Where hence in stead of a Division , let mee commend to your consideration these foure positions :

First ; c c Vide Chrysost. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Anselm . in loc. Sedul . Luther . Ositud . Muscul . Arct. Brent . Fulk &c. That Christian liberty hath not freed us from Civill Obedience , but that Christians are bound in duty one to another , especially all Subjects , to all their Princes , according to the Lawes & Customes of the kingdome wherein they live , intimated in this word ( Dues . )

Secondly ; That those duties to which Christians are so bound , are not onely imposed upon some , and others loose , but as they are promiscuous , so they are universall Duties , implied in these words , ( to all . )

Thirdly ; That although there be duties to which Christians are so obliged and all have their part in the marter of that Obligation or Dutie , yet they have it in a different degree or manner , every one in his particular place and order , designed in this word ( their . )

Fourthly ; That those duties of every man according to his order , to al Princes , are not to be performed meerely for compulsory Necessity , but voluntarily and cheerefully , denotated in this word ( Give or Render . ) Render therefore to all their dues .

First ; That Christian Liberty hath not freed us from Civill Obedience ; but that Christians are bound in duty one to another , especially all Subjects , to all their Princes , according to the Lawes and Customes of that Kingdome wherin they live , intimated in this word ( Dues . )

Whosoever can put difference between the body and the soule , betweene this present transitory life , and that eternall which is to come , he shall easily understand , That the spirituall Kingdome of Christ , and the Civil government of Princes , are things of a different nature , Iohn 18.36 . And that the liberty of the Soule from Iewish or over numerous Ceremonies , and of the body from subjection , have no relation , nor cary any correspondency the one to the other , but that it is a Iewish error to inclose the kingdome of Christ under the elements of this world , and to confound the licentiousnesse of the flesh with the liberty of the spirit , sithence spiritual liberty may very well agree with civill bondage , 1 Cor. 7.21 . and it is not materiall , whether thou be bond or free , Iew or Grecian , Barbarian or Scythian , in what degree or estate , or under the Lawes of what Nation thou livest , ( so that thou keepe the Law of God inviolate ) Thou art bound to performe civil obedience to the Lawes of the Land where thou livest ; yea , ex necessitate justitiae tenentur subditi , saith , a a In loc: Aquinas ; Subjects are bound to obedience by the double obligation of Iustice and of Necessity ; except they will suffer as Rebels , or ill-doers , or busie-bodies in other mens matter , as b b 1 Pet. 4.15 . S. Peter phraseth it . Or except they will have that inconvenience granted , that the Generall Lawes or Government of a Nation , must be dispensed withall according to the particular conceit and apprehension of every private person . Whereout what Tolleration of heresie , what Connivence at errors ; what danger of Schismes in the Church , and Factions in the State , must necessarily follow , is easie to be conjectured : so that the common Adage vnder Nerva's Empire would bee verified , It is ill to live under a Prince under whom nothing is lawfull , but worse to live under him under whom All things are lawfull ; under the one a Tyranny consumes some , under the other an Anarchie confounds all , which if we will avoid in a Christian Commonaltie , then where the libertie of a few erroneous consciences , brings the Bondage of many regulated Commands ; Calvin . Instit. lib. 3. cap. 19.12 . Habemus necessitatem vindicandae Libertatis , si * * Such as were those false apostles , who mixt Iudaisme with Christianity And such as are those factious Preachers , who countenance Libertinisme , and Disobedience to Princes , vnder the color of Religion ; unjustly exacting that from the people to themselves , which they ought justly to give to God and their King . per iniquas exactiones pseudo-apostolorum ea infirmis in conscientijs periclitetur , saith Calvin ; and we must preferre the generall before the particular , and not let every one bee let loose to their list and affection , but all must bee kept within the lists of their Dutie and Subjection , ( Dues . )

For the better accomplishment whereof , wee must consider in the second place , That those Duties to which Christians are so bound , are not only imposed upon some , and others loose , but as they are promiscuous , so they are universall Duties , implyed in these words ( To all . )

Which that wee may survay without Confusion , we must consider that the a a 1 Cor. 12. Body politike , like the body naturall , consists of the head and members : Those Members either Confusedly make vp the Trunke or Corps , or more Particularly are Distinguished into more , or lesse principall ; The Superiour and Inferiour Orbe , as Phisitians phrase it ; The Head represents the Prince or King ; The Truncke , the Common-weale or people ; And as in the body Naturall , euery Member hath his office , either to minister nourishment and helpe to , or to suffer and be compassionate with , the other ; except it be withered , dried vp , dead , insensible , and vselesse . So in the body Politike , euery one of the foresaid Members , hath his Duty to performe to , and his due to receiue of others .

The Prince who is the Head , and makes his Court and Counsell , as the sedes sensuum , hath his Duty to 1 Direct , 2 Command , and 3 Protect . b b Videtur mihi Apostolus hic summatim velle comprehendere quibus in rebus sita sint subditorum erga Magistratus officia , Nempe ut ipsos in pretio ac honore habeant , ut eorum pareant edictis , legibus , iudiciis , ut tributa & vectigalia persolvant , non portoria modo & indistiones , sed et alios quoque redditus . Calvin . in loc. And his Due to bee , 1 honoured , 2 obeyed , and 3 maintained .

His dutie to 1 direct , 2 command , and 3 protect .

1 First to be honoured in their persons ; For this is a due that we finde not onely required by Saul , 1 Sam. 15.30 . Honor me before the people ; but justly taken by David , 1 Reg. 1.23.31 . wherupon Paraeus makes the last words of this verse , honor to whom honor belongeth ; to be proper & peculiar , especially , Personae Principis .

And this due consists in a candide construction of all their actions , b b Vid. Pet. Mart. Talman : Helhus . although they commit some errors ; as wee have example in that speech of Bathsheba , when she found Adonijah aspiring to the succession in the Kingdome , contrarie to Davids oath to her concerning Salomon , She doth not unreverently taxe the King , but with a modest excuse for him , tels the error ; Behold Adoniah raigneth , and now my Lord the King thou knowest it not , 1 Reg. 1.18 . So farre should Subjects be from a a Amand. Polan . partit . Theolog. et Tilenus , Pet. Mart. Calv. in Ier. 29. &c. suspition , rash censure , and slander , that they should esteeme it as a reviling and a blasphemie committed against God , to scandalize the Ruler of the people , Exod. 22.26 .

2 And as Rulers may justly challenge this honour to their persons , so may they with no lesse right call for Obedience to their lawes and commands ; Sive Princeps sit fidelis , sive infidelis ; sive iuste , sive avare , aut dure imperet , saith , b b And Aug. in Psal. 124. Julianus extitit infidelis imperator , nonne extitit Apostata ? iniqus ? idolatra ? milites Christianiser vierunt imperatori infideli , vbi veniebatur ad causam Christi , non agnoscebant nisi illum qui in coelo erat . Quando vo lebat vt Idola colerent , vt thurificarent , praeponebant illi Deum : quando autem dicebat , Producite aciem , ite contra illam gentem , statim obtemperabant : distinguebant Dominum aeternum à domino temporali , et tamen subditi erant propter Dominum aeternum etiam domino temporali . Bez in Conf. fidei Chr. &c c. 5. s . 45. Neque aliud vilum remedium proponitur privatis hominibus tyranno subjectis . praeter vitae emendationem , & preces & lachrymas . Aret. loc. com . similiter . Bucanus ( who is no Royalist ) whether the Prince be a Beleever or an Infidell ; whether hee rule justly or unjustly , courteously or couetously & cruelly ; For wheras there are but duo legis Termini ; Two effects of the law ; 1 The one to performe the Commandement : 2 The other to undergoe the punishment . If Princes command any thing which Subjects may not performe ; c c I know no other case but one of those three wherein a Subject may excuse himselfe with Passive obedience , but in All other he is bound to Active Obedience . because it is against the lawes of 1 God , or of 2 Nature , or 3 impossible ; yet Subjects are bound to undergoe the punishment without either resistance , or railing and reviling . And so to yeeld a passive obedience , where they cannot exhibit an active one ; yea and in that passive obedience there must bee still actually retained , 1 fidelitie , free from conspiracy , although they had power and oportunitie for it , 1 Sam. 26.8.9.10 . Ierem. 29.7 . And 2 pietie to pray even for their oppressing Rulers ; ut det illis Deus vitam prolixam , imperium securum , domum tutam , exercitus fortes , populum probum , orbem quietum , That God would grant to them along life , a secure raigne , loyall Courtiers , valiant Soldiers , obedient Subjects , and peacefull neighbouring Princes , as the Primitive Christians , prayed even for Ethnicke Emperors under whom they lived , as a a Apol. c. 30. Tertullian teacheth ; whom the b b Artic. 40. French Confession , together with the Confessions of c c Cap. 16. Bohemia , and d d Artic. 16. et Apol Eccles. Anglic. c. 6. divis. 1.4 . et defens . Apol. part. 4. Auspurge , seeme to imitate . Nor are Princes onely thus to be 1 honoured , and 2 obeyed , but 3 maintained also .

For maintenance is to bee allowed for Princes both for the common charge of every office , and e e Calvin , et Bucan : de Magistrat . et Paraeus in loc. their private Royaltie , which is conjoyned with the honour of the State : And that not onely out of their f f Calvin 4. Instit. c. 20. Crowne Lands , and residues , and portions , mentioned Ezek. 48.21 . But also by imposed Taxes ; whether it bee 1 1 Capitibus , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Tributum , in this verse ; Ordinarie Taxes upon immoveables ; 2 2 Solo , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , vectigal , in the same verse , imposts upon Trades , Traffiques , and Merchandize . 3 3 Bonis immobilibus . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Census , Mat. 22.17 . Toll or Tythes upon their Lands , or 4 4 Et Portoriaseu vectigalia de Mercibus . Bucan . loc. 49 q. 52. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Matth. 17.24.25 . * * As for example , statute for Subsidy , Iacob . 21. Pole money of all Strangers , Denisons , or not And Statute for Subsidie , Carol. 1 Pole money of al Strangers , Denisons , or not . And also of convict Recusants above 17 yeares , being not Subsidy men . And in many other places of our Statutes . Habet ius exigendi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ordinaria Tributa seu taleam , De Pole money of their persons ; at some times , and upon some occasions .

Tribute , being due to Princes by a Triple Obligation , as f f In vers. 6. observat. 2. Paraeus affirmes , ( who I hope all will confesse is no parasite to them ) Iure 1 divino , 2 naturali , & 3 civili , By the Law of God , as the signe of our subjection , by the Law of Nature , as the reward of their paines and protection ; by the Law of Nations , as the sinewes of the States preseruation . Sithence that without money , Soldiers cannot be waged for warre ; Counsellors cannot be supported for peace ; Intelligence cannot bee procured from abroad ; Lawes cannot bee executed at home ; nor Church can flourish ; nor Common-weale stand firme : The consideration of which things , no question , made g g Ad Philip. Ep. Polycarpus , h h Ep. ad Tolos . Martialis , i i In Apol. pro Christian : ad Anton. Pium. Iustin Martyr , k k Vbi supra & ad Scapul . Tertullian , l l In Iul. orat . 1. Greg : Nazianzen , m m Ep. 33. Ambrose , n n Ep. 42. ad frat . Madaur . August . o o In Mat. can. 23. Hilarie , p p Sent. 99. Prosper , q q Vbi supra . Cyril , r r Ep. 170. ad Reg. Ludovic . Bernard , s s In Roman . Anselme , ( but what name I so many ? ) yea all Antiquity to bee absolutely for absolute obedience to Princes in all civill or temporall things : And the more moderate moderne Divines , as t t Sleid. Com. l. 5. Luther , u u In Resp. ad Artic. Rusticorum , Quando quid praecipitur contra publicam justitiam , cuius generis sunt bonorum exactio , aut corporis vexatio , subditum in hujusmodi injuriis obedientia decet . Brentius , x x Apud Luth. tom . p. 463. Quamvis videamur promisisse obedientiam hac conditione siligitime imperet Magistratus , tamen non ideo licet injustam vim Magistratus vi depellere . Vid Aret. loc. 153. Melancthon , z z Instit. l. 4. c. 20 s . 24. to 30 ac ubi supra . Calvin , a a Vbi supra . Beza , b b Sub Hen. 8. de Christ . hom. instit Cranmer , and the Bishops and Divines of England , c c The opinion of the Congregation , Art. 39. Edit. An. 1564 The Ministers of the Reformed Churches , d d We know that though we bee free , we ought wholly in true faith holily to submit our selves to the Magistrate both with our body , and with all our goods . vide Harm. conf. tit. Civil . Magistr. the former Confession of Helvetia , the Confession of e e Art. 36. All men of what dignity , state or condition soever they be , ought to be subject to their lawfull Magistrates , and pay unto them Subsidies and Tributes , and obey them in al things which are not repugnant to the Word of God Vide ubi supra . Belgia , f f Vbi supra . Bucanus , g g De Magistrat . Chytreus , yea and h h In loc. Paraeus ( some of which otherwise are not so just to Princes ) acknowledge in this particular , That if a Prince impose an immoderate , yea an unjust Taxe , i i True Pietie bindes the subject to desire a good Soveraigne , but to beare with a bad one , and to take up the burthen of Princes with a bended knee , rather in time to deserue abatement , then resist authoritie . View raigne Hen. 3. yet the subject may not thereupon withdraw his obedience and dutie ; Nay hee is bound in conscience to submit , as under the scourge of his sinne , ; for , Quanquam actio immoderata , sive expilatio injusta est , tamen passio est justa , saith Bucanus . So that , as Paraeus ( for I still intend especially to make use of Anti-royalists , because they cannot be excepted against in this point ) as Paraeus , I say observes upon those words , vers. 6. For this cause pay you Tribute also : Non dicit Apostolus propter hoc etiam Tributa exigunt , sed Tributaeis solvitis ; docens semper justè solvitributa à subditis , licèt aliquando non justè exigantur à Magistratu : The Apostle doth not say , For this cause they exact Tribute ; but you pay them Tribute ; thereby teaching , that Tribute may alwayes bee justly , and with a good conscience , paid by the subject , although it be sometimes unjustly imposed and exacted by the Ruler : and he gives the instance in the Iewes and Romanes ; Romani malè ad se traxerunt censum Templi , quem justè pendebant Iudaei : And we might amplifie it in our Saviour , paying tribute although free , & rather working a Miracle to pay , than have offence taken by the Ruler , Mat. 17.25.26.27 .

Nor was this onely the Custome of Conquerers , in forraine Kingdomes , which they invaded ; but even of Native peacefull Kings , to their naturall Subjects , in those Dominions whereto they were elected , or wherein they succeeded ; as appeares in a a Non id jure facturi erant reges , quos optime ad omnem continentiam lex instituebat , sed jus in populum vocahatur , cui parere ipsi necesse esset , nec obsistere licet ; ac si dixisset Samuel , eò se proripiet licentiae Regum libido , quam cohibere vestrum non erit , quibus hoc restabit unum jussa excipere , ac dicto audientes esse . Cal. 4. inst. cap. 20. § 26. I dispute not here whether this be jus Regni , or praxis Regum : but suppose it be but the practise of Kings , & more than right , yet ye see Calvins judgment is Hos unum restat jussa excipere . Saul taking both the substance and Persons of the Israelites , 1 Sam. 8.11 . to 17. And in Solomon laying Taxes upon the same people , 1 Reg. 12.4 . And how fearfull the very indeavoring to shake off these Burthens , ( though too heavie to beare ) hath proved , may appeare by that instance never to be imitated , of that people in Rehoboams time , where the attempt to free their bodies and states from Soveraigne Invasion , captivated their soules under Idolatrous Superstition , 1 Reg. 12.16.26.33 .

Oh , let not us then conceive to our selves a Conscience grounded upon suspicious conjectures , de futuris contingentibus ; concerning which , no man can set downe certainties ; And we are bound to beleeve the best concerning all men , much more concerning our Soveraignes promises , as b b Quibus debetur candor ( justitia politica distributiva : ) cu jus est , interpretari omnia in bonam partem , proximo non detrahere , & detrahentibus aures non praebere , cum quo pugnat calumnia seu obtrectatio , suspicacitas , & diffidentiae . Polanus and Tilenus truly . Nor let us square our consciences by the Lesbian Rule of Iesuites and Schismatikes , contrary to all the current of Antiquity , as even themselves are forced to confesse , whilest c c Bellarm. de Ro. Pont. Buchanon de jure Regn. apud Scot. they childishly answer , that the primitive Christians obeyed their Rulers , onely because they had not then power to resist ; which besides that d d Et Clem. Rom. Recognit . l 1. fol. 22 & Aug &c vid. Belson tract . of Christian Subjection part S. Cyprian ad Demetrian , clears to the contrary , whilest he tels us , Nemo nostrum quando apprehenditur reluctatur , quamvis nimius , & copiosus , e e Et Widdrington Apol. cont. Bellarm. pro. jure Princip. et Confut. of the Reply of T.F. noster sit numerus . I hope Saint Pauls doctrine , both in this Chapter and 1 Tim. 2.1.2 . and Saint Peters , 1 Pet. 2.13.14 . is the same to us , it was to them : yea and our Saviours Reddite Caesari , Mat. 22.18 . was not with a Rebus sic stantibus , like that a a Granted to the Papists in England at the procurement of Campian and Parsons 1580. Bull of Gregory the thirteenth .

O let us not therefore , I say , conceive to our selves such scruples , as not to give Tribute where and when Tribute is due , or to refuse a b b For it is but borrowed . Vid. Martin Hist . of 20. Kings Ed. 3. an. 14. 1339. p. 109. et Hollinshed . Hen. 8. 1522. p. 874. & ibid. ann. 14. 15. 1523. p 877. & an. 34. 1541 p. 957. And the most , if not al of those who best know the lawes of this kingdome , haue lent at this time , which assuredly they would not have done , if they had not known that it was neither vnjust nor vnlawfull Loane , or any other Aide , which is not unjustly exacted ; and which is c c In his Majesties commission and Proclamation . promised shall not be immoderately demanded , especially , considering that thereby , wee who are bound d d 1 Iohn 3.16 . to lay downe our lives for our brethren , may by laying downe a little of our estates , save our owne lives , and our brethrens : Yea further considering , that it is not our brethren onely , but our selves also that are in danger , as is more than probable by the proceedings in forraine parts . And further this may be considered also , that not onely our bodies are in danger of warre and wounds ; but our soules , of Heresie and Superstition ; Religion it selfe ( as it is established in this Kingdome ) being the marke that is shot at in this businesse .

Oh consider what it would availe to winne the whole world , much lesse our wils , and lose our soules ; And seriously consider , how as Ieroboam tooke the opportunitie of the breach betwixt Rehoboam and his Subjects , to bring Idolatry into Israel : So the papists lye at waite , if they could find a Rent betwixt our Soveraigne and his Subjects , ( which the Lord forbid ) to reduce superstition into England : I speake no more than I have heard from themselves , whilest I have observed their forwardnesse to offer double a a Anno primo Reg. Carol. the Act for the subsidie of the Laytie , whereby Popish Recusants were to pay double according to an act of Parliament so providing ; yea to profess , that they would depart with the halfe of their goods : And how or why can this forwardnesse be in them , but in hope to cast the imputation of frowardnesse upon us ? and so to seeme ( that which the Iesuite will not suffer them to bee ) loving and loyall Subjects . Nor speake I this as a b b For it is well knowne that I preached divers Sermons in the Lucture at Brackley to perswade to the reliefe and ayd of Religion , the State , and our afflicted Brethren and Confederates , long before there was any speech of the Loane . Sycophanticall Time-server , nor as a Statizing Court Oratour ; or one who had left God to preach for the King ; as some are too apt uncharitably to censure ; unchristianly dividing God and the King . Yea sooner would I with c c Euseb. l. 2. c. 23 Iames the first Bishop of Hierusalem , have my braines beaten out with clubs ; or with d d Idem . l. 8. c. 20 Romanus the Martyr , have my tongue plucked out of my head ; or with those ancient Martyrs of e e Ibidem . c. 12. Antioch , or ours of later times , burne off my own hand , than my braines should be made the Instrument to invent , my tongue to utter , or my hand to write and defend that , by which Christian Libertie should bee captivated ; Tyranny erected ; f f Bacon , Hen. 7 Heaven forced to descend to serve Earth ; Divinitie made the Handmaid of Policie ; or Religion the Stalking-horse of the State : But out of an unfaigned feare of future Events at home and abroad , to the Church and State ; out of an earnest zeale to God and Religion ; Out of a fellow-feeling of our Brethrens Miseries ; out of a religious desire , that wee may all avoid that sentence from the Almighty , Curse ye Meroz , yea curse them bitterly , because they went not out to fight the battailes of the Lord , to helpe the Lord against the mightie , Iudg. 5.23 . Out of an affectionate indeavour that each particular may escape that imputation ; The divisions of Ruben were great thoughts of heart , Iudg. 5.15.16 . As of sinceritie , as of God , in the sight of God , I speak my conscience in Christ , both concerning what is the duty of , & the due to the head of this body politike , which is the King . And I earnestly pray , and stedfastly hope , that hee which doth , and they which shall sway the Scepter of this Kingdome , will consider , that a a Ambros . in loc. Reddi vult ab omnibus debita , quia et potentes sunt debitores inserioribus ut respondeant meritis illonem . Sic Calv. Instit. l. 4 c. 20. s . 29. et conf. Bohem. et Bucan . c. 49. q. 30 et Chyt . in procept . 5 Rulers also owe mutuall duties to their Subjects , as 1 to establish and defend Religion , and the law of God ; as ( the Lord be praised ) ours hath done ; 2 to maintaine the fundamentall Lawes and Liberties of the Kingdome , as wee may certainely perceiue hee doth and will doe ; 3 to provide for the Common Safetie and Peace of the Subjects ; as all may see he is doing ; 4 Not needlesly to exhaust , nor prodigally to mispend the Treasure of the State ; which assuredly no man can say he hath done ; yea and I doubt not but he and they will easily discerne , what a difference there is betwixt his happy Throne , and the tottering State of those , who should governe in a Common-weale , where the Religion was directed by b b L. 5. de Pont. Rom. c : 6.7 . Bellarmine , c c Jnstit . Cathol tit. 46. s . 75. Simancha , d d L. 1. instr . c. 13 Tolet , e e Doleman Parsons , f f Philopater Creswell , g g De visib . Monarch . l. 2. c. 4. Saunders , h h Didymus . p. 261 Stapleton , and that i i Jes . l. de justa abdicat : p. 46. Raynaldus de justa autorit . p. 8 Azorius Inst. mor. c 15. Bozius de Eccl. monarch . temporal . ad Clem. 8. Iesuited societie ; Or by k k De iure reg. apud Scot. Buchanon , l l Apol. et Histor Knox , m m De Polit. Christ . l. 2. c. 6 Danaeus , n n Conference &c. and before the King and Councell . Decemb. 21. 1585. Iames Gibson , o o In Q Maries time , &c. vid. Bilson part. 3. cit. p. 516. Goodman , before the time of his Recantation , and that factious fraternitie ; The one of which makes the Church above the King , and the Pope above the Church , and so dethrones Princes by his Thunderbolts of Excommunication and Deprivation . The other make the Law above the King , and the people above the Law , and so depose Princes , by their Tumults , and Insurrections ; yet that I may not wrong them , ( nor we wrong our selves and our Soveraigne , by opinions borrowed from them , but misunderstood , ) the later sort ( if I understand ) stretch not so farre , as against an Hereditary successive Ruler ; but onely to those , a a Paraeus in loc. explic . dub . de potestate civili , proposit . 2. rat . 3. And Buchanon de jure regni apud Scon about the latter end of that factious discourse , layes the like ground for all his Rebellious positions . qui constituuntur , vel per populi consensum , vel per senatum , velper electores , velper alios Magistratus ; who are placed over the people , 1 either by the consent of themselves in general ; 2 or by the Senate or Parliament in special ; 3 or by Electors in particular ; 4 or by other Magistrates and Rulers which are Superiours ; And of these they hold , that quorum est constituere , eorum est etiam enormiter grassantes coercere ; which paradoxe , although I have not time to dispute , yet I may conclude positively , that , howsoever this trencheth not upon our Princes , nor warranteth any waywardnesse in our State . And therefore I leave them and their digladiations about Elective Dignities , and praying for the peace of our hereditary setled Kingdome , descend to take a view of the Trunke of this body Politick , which is the Common-weale . Where , although I name onely the Common-weale , yet I would not be understood as if I intended to exempt the Clergie ; The Church and State being so nearely united , that though they may seeme two bodies , yet indeed in some respects they may be accounted but as one , in as much as they are made up of the same men , which are differenced onely in relation to spirituall or civill ends ; so that whereas vers. 1. Every soule is injoyned to be subject in performance of this dutie ; Ostendit Apostolus quod ista imperentur omnibus , & sacerdotibus , & monachis , non solùm secularibus ; Etiam si Apostolus sis , si Evangelista , si Propheta , sive quisquis tandem fueris , saith S. Chrysostome ; whatsoever the Pope and his Shavelings glosse to the contrary . But leaving them , as not so fit subjects for the present occasion : Although the Common-weale be safest and most beautifull when it is at unitie in it selfe , and divisions are alwayes dangerous , yet that the speciositie may the better appeare to us , wee must survey it by particulars ; Of which the remainder of this short houre here , will give us leave to shew but a few : Nor know I whether the Law should be reckoned in this ranke , or as a medium betwixt the Prince and People : But whereas the Law is a mute Iudge , and the Iudge a speaking Law ; so that these two are sometimes Termini convertibiles ; and the State can as ill stand without the one as the other ; the Law restraining the Iudges affection , and the Iudge supplying the Lawes defect ; I will here point at them promiscuously , in these foure particulars following .