The anatomie of the inward parts o[f man] lively set forth and diligently, declaring the principall v[eins] the use of letting bloud; very necessary for physicians a[nd chy]rurgians, and all other that desire to know themse[lves].

The Anatomie of the inward parts o● 〈…〉 lively set forth , and diligently , declaring the principall V … 〈…〉 the use of letting Bloud : very necessary for Physicians a●● … rurgians , and all other that desire to know Themse●●●● The signification of such Letters as are placed in the Figure .

A SIgnifieth the gullet of the throat , called also the throatbole , in Latin Gurgulio , and Canna pulmonis , that is to say , the Lung-pipe and Weson pertaining to the lights and the heart conveying ayre to them both , and it divideth it self into many hollow pipes within the Lungs , as ye see ,

B Signifieth the Lungs or Lights , called in Latin pulmo , and it is called the bellows of the body , for it draweth and sendeth forth again the ayre , with the which the heart and other members are tempered : wherefore the Lungs be full of hollownesse , even like a spunge , and empty , opening itself to the receiving of ayre , and gathering itself together to expell it again , as doth a pair of bellows , fashioned much after the shape of an Oxe hoof .

C. Signifieth the Heart called in Latin Cor , the seat of life , the ruler and directer of the spirit and bloud . It appeareth within against the left breast , it is figured round , tending to sharpnesse at one of his ends , the which is towards the breast : it is of all other members the principall , and is called the Sun of the less world : For man among Philosophers is called the less world , and the heart being in it , is to all the body as the Sun is to all this great universall world , which approaching neer unto us , all things rejoyce , herbs bring forth flowers , trees spread their branches , all fowls , fish , and beasts , receive great comfort 〈…〉 the heart in man being heavy and pensive , all the b … 〈…〉 sad and ill disposed : The heart again being glad 〈◊〉 merry , all the body is light and lusty , for it illuminat●●● 〈◊〉 and lightneth all other members with his spirit . It 〈◊〉 ●he first member in man that receiveth life , and the la●●●hat dyeth . Only this part in man is never griev●● … bly with any disease , but if it be , forthwith it dyeth and all the man with him .

D. Signifieth the Middriffe , called Diaphragma , Septum transversum , and Praecordia , and it is a thin skin which divideth the upper part of the body from the nether part , that is to say , the Heart and Lungs from the Spleen and Liver , &c.

E. Signifieth the throat-pipe , called in Latin Gula , and Interior Colli fistula , that is to wit , the inner pipe or cunduit of ●he neck , the which cometh from the neck 〈…〉 … ck , and thorough it is conveyed the meat and 〈…〉 by the mouth is sent into the stomack . And 〈…〉 … pe doth appear above the shoulders , where also the throat-bole is seen , there it is called the throat , and the outward pipe of the neck , And this part of the same pipe shewing it self in the bulk of the body , is called the inward part of the neck-pipe and throat-pipe .

F. Signifieth the upper part of the mouth of the stomack , called in Latin , Os stomachi .

G. Signifieth the stomack , called in Latin Stomachus , the receptacle of meat and drink , a place devised of nature to concoct and digest food , as a furnace wherein meat is sodden ; and it is offended with many and sundry diseases .

H. Signifieth the bottome of the stomack , the ( meat being in the stomack , undigested ) is very and the same being once decoct and digested , it 〈◊〉 it self again .

I. Signifieth the nether mouth of the stomack 〈◊〉 issue of the same called in Greek pylorus , and co … ly in Latin Protonarius , the way by which the m … digested , passeth down to the guts .

K. Signifieth the Liver , called in Latin Hepar ●●cur , this is the place where the juyce coming of n … ●●gested in the stomack is transmuted and alter … 〈◊〉 bloud : but that part of this juyce , which is no● converted to bloud , is altered part to flegme , p … 〈◊〉 … ler , and part to melancholy .

L. Signifieth the Gall , called in Latin Fel : 〈◊〉 receiveth the refuse and dregs of the bloud , an● … veth chiefly to the laps of the Liver .

M. Signifieth a certain vein , called in Latin , 〈◊〉 and Manus jecoris , that is , the hand of the L●●●● vein receiveth the digested juyce , by divers , 〈…〉 the stomack and other bowels , and sendeth 〈◊〉 ●●●●●choly part into the Spleen .

N. Signifieth the Spleen , called in Latin 〈◊〉 Lien , which is the receptacle and sink of mel …

O. Signifieth a vein , which in Latin is called 〈…〉 and Vena jecoraria , the hollow vein , the vein 〈◊〉 for by this Vein the bloud ingendred in t●● 〈◊〉 ministred to all parts of the body , to nouris● 〈◊〉 therewith .

P. Signifieth the Kidneys , called in Lat●● 〈◊〉 fastened to both sides of the body near to the L … 〈◊〉 the right Kidney standeth somewhat highe● 〈◊〉〈◊〉 left ; by those the watry part of the bloud 〈…〉 drawn , descendeth thorough certain other v … 〈…〉 see in the bladder .

Q. Signifieth the bladder , in Latin Vesica , 〈◊〉 and receiver of urine .

R. Signifieth the Stones , called in Latin Tes●●● this is the place where seed is ingendred .

S. Signifieth the Cods , called in Latin Scr●●●…

T. Signifieth the privy part of man , call●● ●●nis , in whom be two notable waies or issu●● 〈◊〉 one is the urine issue , the other is called th● 〈…〉 .

V. Signifieth the smal guts called in Latin Il … is ingendred the cruell pain , called the gnawin● in the belly .

X. Signifieth the grosser and greater part 〈…〉 in Latin called Colon , in whom the excrements 〈◊〉 long withholden , receiveth a certain form 〈…〉 after the place . This part many times is ●or … 〈…〉 the collick .

Y. Signifieth the latter end of all 〈…〉 which immediately the ordure is expell●● 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Fundament . This place many times i● 〈…〉 disease called the Piles or Emeroids , 〈…〉 Latin is named Longanon .

A Declaration of the Letters , signifying the principall veins to let blood

THe Veins of the forehead and the temples , do spring and grow of the exteriour throat-veins , like branches , the which must be opened , drawing the Launcer overthwart the vein . I call it letting overthwart the vein ( according to antient Doctors ) the which is not fully along the vein , nor fully overthwart the vein , but keepeth a mean between both : and the letting bloud of this vein is good for apostems in the eyes , and the Megram , and for great head-ach , and for alteration of the wit , for Frensie , and for the new leper .

B. The veins of the neck ( that commonly are called the veins Guiden , or Jugulare exteriores ) must be opened overthwart the vein , letting the Launcer decline a little along the vein , but not too much ; or else it should be hard to stanch the bloud . And he that shall open this vein well , must cause the Patient to bow his head from that side where he will open the vein , that it may be bent . And this vein must be opened ( as saith Avicen ) with a Launcer ( cum pilo ) that is to say , that hath a pin overthwart about the end of the Launcer , to keep it from going to deep in the vein : And the letting bloud of these veins is good for the humours of the head , for the Rheume , and the Megram . And it is to be noted , that all the veins of the head ought to be left after a man hath eaten ; neither ought these veins to be let in those , in whom is required the power to ingender . For ( as saith Avicen ) through these veins are voided the spirits that nature doth send forth for generation .

C. The Vein on the outside of the arm , the which the new practisers commonly do call Cephalica , and Galen , Vena externa and also Humeraelis , taketh his originall with the Guiden or Jugulares exteriores , from the hollow veins . And this vein Cephalica must be opened with a greater hole than the other ●eins , or else ( as saith Haly abbas , the antient Physit●●● in the fourth book of his practise ) the foresaid vein 〈…〉 … ous to fall to an apostumation . And great heed 〈◊〉 be take● for failing in opening this vein , for it is … rdous to let . For if you dare not touch this vein C … ike , and fear to open it as some Barbers and Chyrurgeans that be not well expert , do , ye shall do great harr to the Patient , and cause danger of apostumation . Alwaies if ye touch this vein well at the first lancing , it is the same that of all veins doth grieve least in letting of bloud : howbeit howsoever ye do , make the hole meetly great . The opening of this vein is good for running of the eyes , and all manner of head-ach , and for the falling sickness .

D. The vein that appeareth in the middle of the arm , before the bowing of it , or after the bowing , the which commonly is called the Median or Mediana , or Nigra , after Avicen , or after Haly abbas Mediastina , and after Rhasis and Almansor it is called Vena matrix , or Cardiaca ; and hath his originall or spring , partly of the Cephalica , and partly of the Basilica , the which must be opened overthwart the vein ; or at the least declining the Launcer a little awry , except one will let twice ; and the letting bloud in this vein , is good for all griefs and diseases of the members , stomack , ribs and sides , for it is the fountain of all the body .

E. The Vein that is common called Basilica , and after Galen , Vena interna , sometimes it is called Jecorria , others do call it Hepatica , or Regia . Rhasis , because it doth go thorough the armholes , doth call it Vena axillaris : and it doth proceed and come from the hollow vein being yet in the breast , before it hath furnished the Interiores Jugulares , or throat-veins . The originall of this vein is of the stomack , liver and heart , and the best perceiver is in the outside of the arm . Of the which vein , he that shall open it , ought to take diligent heed for launcing , for hard by it is a great sinew like unto a vein , wherein the spirit of life runneth up and down , and is mixt with bloud , the which if it be opened , the Patient standeth in jeopardy of his life , as saith Galen in his book of letting bloud . Under the same Basilica are also great sinews touching the foresaid vein . Therefore saith Rhasis in his 28. book , eschue the Basilica as much as possible , without it be for great need , otherwise it is better to take the Median .

F. The Vein that appeareth upon the top of the pulse , is the branch or twigg of the Cephalica .

G. The second vein that lightly appeareth about the middlemost finger , and is commonly called Funis Brachii , is also a branch or twigg of the Cephalica .

H. The third Vein of the hand , the which appeareth about the little finger , and is commonly called of the Physitians or Chyrurgeans , Salvatella , or Vena Titillaris , or Ascelaris , is also a branch of the Basilica . The which veins of the hand , as also other outward veins are of small value or profit to be let bloud or opened , because they never yield much bloud : and these must be opened as those of the feet , namely in warm water , to cause the veins to swell above the sinews .

I. The vein of the inner ankle of the foot , the which appeareth more perfectly than the other , is commonly called Saphena , and cometh ( as doth also the Sciatica ) from the great hollowness that is under the knee .

K. The other Vein that is on the outside of the foot , is called Sciatica , and cometh likewise of the great hollowness under the knee . And the letting bloud of these two veins , is good for all manner of swellings and apostems of the privy members . The which veins of the feet are jeapardous for deep launcing , and especially the Sciatica , which is more dangerous to be touched than the Saphena . For if ye open the Sciatica and launch it deep for fear of failing , because they appear so small , ye shall hardly escape , but that ye shall touch some sinew adjoyning to the same veins , whereof might come great pain and other evil accidents : as we have seen otherwhiles , that for ignorance of the Barbers and Chyrurgians , the Patient did fall into divers griefs of the sinews or the cramp . This and such like griefs therefore are the causes , why it is needfull to have the hands and feet in warm water , when they shall be lanced , to cause them to swell and appear the better : for they be little of themselves , and in giving them a cut with the Launcer , ye must alwaies beware of the sinew . Also the Sciatica must be launced as the Saphena , namely , a little overthwart , seeing they appear enough . And generally every vein that is in a place full of sinews , or between sinews , must be opened along the vein , and that for two reasons . The first is , to eschew the sinews in what place soever they be . The Second is , that the vein that is cut or blemished along the vein , is not so dangerous for the cramp , or other evil accidents ( as saith Galen in his fift Book of Methodus Therapeutice ) as when it is launced along a little overthwart .

Behold ( Gentle Reader ) these are the Veins that , are commonly inured to be cut . There be many other Veins that may be cut for divers griefs ; but because they are little in use , and Galen and other antient Greeks have made no mention of them , let this suffice .

anatomical diagram