THat
whereas
the
right
and
interest
in
and
to
all
Mynes
Royall
,
which
are
fountains
of
the
Treasure
of
the
Nation
,
hath
alwaies
been
an
undoubted
and
legall
right
belonging
to
the
Crown
,
and
alwaies
enjoyed
by
severall
Letters
Patents
,
and
Farms
taken
from
the
Crown
,
and
to
that
purpose
in
all
grants
of
Lands
from
the
Crown
,
the
said
Mynes
either
by
expresse
word
,
or
else
by
implication
of
Law
have
alwaies
been
excepted
and
reserved
,
for
that
it
hath
been
found
by
experience
,
that
the
owners
of
Land
,
who
receive
a
constant
profit
by
the
Herbage
and
other
fruits
of
the
Earth
above
ground
,
are
seldome
willing
to
adventure
any
part
of
their
fortune
for
discovering
the
hid
Treasure
in
the
bowels
of
the
Earth
:
And
whereas
all
Subjects
were
invited
and
encouraged
by
severall
Proclamations
from
his
late
Majesty
,
and
his
Royall
Father
King
James
,
to
spend
their
times
and
pains
in
discovery
of
the
said
Mines
.
And
I
Thomas
Bushell
having
had
many
yeers
relation
to
that
great
Secretary
of
Nature
,
the
late
Lord
Chancellor
Bacon
;
and
thereby
from
him
learnt
many
secrets
in
discovering
and
extracting
Minerals
;
and
that
it
was
not
onely
the
harmliest
gain
,
and
greatest
good
to
the
Common-wealth
,
but
the
principall
study
and
industry
of
the
best
bred
persons
of
other
Nations
,
and
the
honourablest
improvement
that
this
world
is
capable
of
,
which
was
the
first
inducement
that
encouraged
me
to
look
after
the
search
thereof
,
being
by
good
and
learned
Councell
satisfied
touching
the
legallity
of
the
title
and
also
having
found
out
a
new
way
of
discovering
the
concealed
treasure
of
the
Earth
,
with
more
certainty
and
lesse
hazard
,
by
means
of
a
Portugall
with
whom
I
advised
,
and
likewise
was
assured
,
that
in
the
Mountains
of
Broomfloid
,
Tallibont
,
Geginan
,
Combmerven
,
&
the
Darren
,
there
was
great
quantities
of
Silver
&
Lead
,
of
which
I
informed
his
Majesty
,
moving
him
to
undertake
the
worke
;
but
his
Majesty
,
for
some
reasons
to
himselfe
known
,
declined
the
same
,
and
command●d
me
(
the
Lady
Middleton
holding
the
said
Mynes
Royall
in
Wales
,
by
vertue
of
a
Grant
from
King
James
)
to
buy
the
same
,
and
to
take
the
Mynes
,
which
I
accordingly
did
,
paying
unto
the
Lady
Middleton
400
l.
in
hand
,
and
400
l.
per
annum
,
during
the
continuation
of
her
interest
therein
,
by
vertue
of
the
said
Grant
;
having
first
obtained
from
his
said
Majesty
(
upon
my
engagement
to
cut
through
the
said
five
Mountains
,
at
My
own
charge
,
by
a
new
way
of
discovery
)
not
onely
a
confirmation
of
the
said
Letters
Patents
,
formerly
granted
to
Sir
Hugh
Middleton
,
together
with
the
severall
Leases
from
the
Governours
,
Assistants
,
and
Society
of
the
City
of
London
,
but
also
an
absolute
engagement
upon
his
Majesties
honour
,
and
under
his
Signet
and
privy
Seale
,
for
the
performance
of
any
other
Act
of
Grace
,
or
assistance
,
that
I
or
my
Counsell
should
at
any
time
desire
,
not
being
detrimentall
to
his
Honour
,
or
the
Common-wealth
,
as
by
the
ensuing
Grant
appeareth
.
CHARLES
R.
TRusty
and
welbeloved
,
We
having
taken
into
consideration
your
late
Relation
concerning
your
proceedings
and
intentions
for
the
perfecting
of
that
great
work
happily
by
you
begun
in
our
County
of
Cardigan
in
Our
Principality
of
Wales
,
concerning
those
hopefull
Mynes
by
you
discovered
,
approving
well
of
your
beginnings
,
proceedings
,
and
intentions
,
We
have
thought
good
out
of
Our
Royall
disposition
,
to
the
encouraging
of
you
and
all
such
as
are
studious
or
industrious
,
to
do
to
Vs
or
Our
Commonwealth
profitable
service
,
to
assure
you
by
these
Our
Letters
that
you
shall
not
onely
by
Our
protection
peaceably
enjoy
the
Contract
and
bargaine
by
you
made
with
the
Lady
Elizabeth
Middleton
,
concerning
the
said
Mynes
,
with
all
things
thereunto
belonging
:
but
also
be
well
assured
that
both
you
,
your
Agents
,
Assistants
,
or
Coadjutors
shall
from
time
to
time
have
all
the
furtherance
and
favour
We
can
vouchsafe
to
you
or
them
.
And
for
the
better
encouraging
of
you
to
go
cheerfully
and
confidently
on
with
the
works
,
when
your
learned
Cou●c●ll
at
the
Law
shall
advise
you
to
pray
any
further
Act
or
Acts
from
Vs
,
whereby
the
designe
may
be
advanc'd
,
and
you
and
your
Assistants
secured
,
you
shall
finde
Vs
ready
to
grant
unto
you
any
your
lawfull
desires
:
And
in
the
mean
time
these
Our
Letters
shall
be
a
good
and
sufficient
testimony
of
Our
Royall
intentions
towards
you
,
and
Our
good
wishes
to
the
prosperity
of
your
undertakings
.
Given
at
Our
Court
at
Whitehall
under
our
Signet
the
three
and
twentieth
day
of
February
,
in
the
twelfth
yeer
of
Our
Raigne
.
To
Our
trusty
and
welbeloved
Subject
and
Servant
Thomas
Bushell
,
Esqu
.
This
is
entred
in
the
Signet
Booke
23
Febr.
1636.
Ja.
Store
.
And
further
to
prevent
all
disturbances
which
might
discourage
my
proceedings
,
His
Majesty
gave
Warrant
to
Mr.
Atturney
generall
to
proceed
by
information
in
the
Starch
amber
against
all
such
as
should
be
so
great
enemies
to
their
Country
as
to
interrupt
so
publique
a
good
.
The
copy
of
which
Warrant
followeth
.
CHARLES
R.
TRusty
and
welbeloved
,
We
Greet
you
well
.
Whereas
we
have
taken
into
our
serious
consideration
,
of
what
consequence
the
probability
of
increasing
our
Mynes
Royall
may
prove
to
Vs
,
and
Our
publique
weale
,
being
diligently
searcht
into
.
And
for
the
better
incouragement
of
Our
loving
Subjects
and
speedy
pay
of
the
poore
Myners
;
Erected
a
Mynt
in
Our
Castle
of
Aberustwith
and
intrusted
Our
designe
to
the
sole
care
and
Government
of
Our
Servant
Thomas
Bushell
,
whose
industri●us
proceedings
We
so
well
like
and
approve
of
,
that
Our
resolution
is
absolutely
bent
to
further
the
prosecution
of
his
endeavours
on
Our
behalf
,
for
the
perfecting
so
good
and
pious
a
work
:
As
We
will
and
Command
you
that
you
take
speciall
care
,
that
you
speedily
proceed
in
Our
Court
of
Starchamber
against
such
malicious
persons
as
have
,
or
doe
goe
about
,
not
onely
to
Eclypse
Our
Prerogative
in
Myneralls
,
and
so
frrustrate
Our
Princely
Pleasure
in
a
Common
good
,
for
the
benefit
of
their
own
private
ends
,
by
endeavouring
to
make
those
Mynes
theirs
,
which
hold
Silver
worth
the
refyning
,
and
of
Right
belonging
unto
Vs
;
But
also
such
persons
as
have
of
late
practised
Combinations
of
Affronts
against
those
intrusted
by
Vs
,
and
Our
Mynes
Royall
to
Our
dishonour
,
As
by
the
Certificates
hereunto
annexed
will
informe
you
;
Authorizing
you
likewise
for
the
better
regulating
of
unruly
Myners
complained
of
,
to
draw
up
a
Warrant
for
a
Stannary
Court
fit
for
Our
Royall
signature
,
that
We
may
be
troubled
no
further
.
And
this
shall
be
your
speciall
Warrant
,
Given
at
Our
Court
at
Whitehall
this
seven
and
twentieth
day
of
Febr.
1638.
To
Our
Trusty
and
welbeloved
Sir
John
Banks
Knight
,
Our
Atturney
Generall
,
or
Sir
Edward
Littleton
Knight
,
Our
Sollitor
Generall
.
By
vertue
of
which
Grants
from
his
Majesty
,
I
being
interessed
in
some
of
the
Mynes
Royall
in
Wales
,
Devon
,
and
Cornwall
,
and
being
desirous
to
know
what
was
a
Myne
Royall
in
the
sence
of
Law
,
I
obtained
the
opinion
of
divers
learned
men
in
the
Law
,
who
declared
their
judgements
therein
,
as
followeth
.
The
Declaration
of
learned
Lawyers
,
what
a
Myne
Royall
is
,
according
to
former
Presidents
.
Although
the
Gold
or
Silver
contained
in
the
base
Mettall
of
a
Myne
in
the
Land
of
a
Subject
,
be
of
lesse
value
th●n
the
baser
Mettal
;
yet
if
the
Gold
or
Silver
doe
countervaile
the
charge
of
the
refining
,
or
be
of
more
worth
then
the
base
Mettal
spent
in
refining
it
,
this
is
a
Myne
Royall
,
and
as
well
the
base
Metall
as
the
Gold
and
Silver
in
it
,
belong
by
Prerogative
to
the
Crown
.
-
Sir
Ralph
Whitfield
,
his
Majesties
Serjeant
at
Law
.
-
Sir
Edward
Herbert
,
Attourney
Generall
.
-
Oliver
St.
John
Sollicitor
.
-
John
Glanvill
,
Serjeant
.
-
John
Wilde
,
Serjeant
.
-
Rich
Cresswell
,
Serjeant
.
-
Orlando
Bridgman
,
the
Princes
Sollicitor
.
-
Robert
Holborn
.
-
Iohn
Hern.
-
Ed.
Bagshaw
.
-
Tho.
Lane
.
-
Rich.
King
.
-
Edmund
Prideaux
.
-
Iohn
Maynard
.
-
Edward
Hide
.
-
Iohn
Glinne
.
-
Charls
Fulwood
.
-
Harbottle
Grimston
.
-
Iohn
White
.
-
George
Peard
.
-
Iohn
Franklin
.
-
Richard
Weston
.
-
Iohn
Glover
.
-
William
Ellis
.
-
Tho.
Culpepper
.
-
Iohn
Goodwin
.
-
William
Sandford
.
-
Iohn
George
.
-
James
Haward
.
THat
shortly
after
my
first
entrance
upon
the
Mynes
in
Wales
,
there
were
drowned
80.
plumps
,
by
reason
of
a
great
deluge
of
water
then
happening
,
whereby
my
undertaking
became
unlikely
in
the
judgement
of
others
,
to
produce
any
good
effect
,
either
to
my selfe
,
or
the
Nation
,
that
I
was
by
my
friends
pittied
,
and
by
my
foes
laughed
at
;
so
that
had
I
not
duly
considered
the
Justice
of
the
undertaking
in
respect
of
God
,
the
honour
in
respect
of
my
Countrey
,
and
the
possibility
in
respect
of
my self
,
meeting
with
so
many
discouragements
I
had
certainly
desisted
:
but
God
,
who
is
the
Author
and
Finisher
of
all
just
undertakings
,
supported
me
under
,
and
carryed
me
through
that
great
work
;
and
after
nigh
four
years
night
and
day
spent
in
recovering
of
the
said
decayed
Mynes
,
by
the
continued
maintenance
and
industry
of
five
hundred
Families
,
and
the
expence
of
about
7000
l.
as
a
reward
of
my
hazard
,
expence
and
labour
,
brought
me
to
reap
the
harvest
of
my
hope
,
with
discovering
far
distant
by
the
Art
of
dyalling
,
where
the
Veines
of
Silver
and
Lead
Ore
sprang
at
the
superficious
of
the
Rocks
,
from
the
old
Works
in
new
places
,
which
the
malice
or
ignorance
of
some
,
that
knowes
not
the
generation
of
Mettals
,
nor
the
largenesse
of
their
extent
in
creation
,
of
depth
and
length
,
for
mans
use
and
Gods
glory
,
would
needs
affirme
that
it
was
a
new
worke
,
and
not
a
branch
of
the
old
Myne
,
formerly
deserted
through
the
said
deluge
of
water
;
which
,
to
confute
their
incredulity
therein
,
I
have
been
at
10000
li.
charge
,
for
to
thred
the
supposed
new
Myne
to
the
old
worke
,
that
others
of
my
profession
might
as
well
be
verst
in
the
mystery
of
Myning
,
and
encouraged
therein
,
when
all
other
hopes
are
frustrated
of
receiving
profit
from
their
deeper
search
for
Mynerall
treasure
,
as
I
was
assured
of
the
truth
by
the
aforesaid
L.
Chancellor
Bacon
,
and
a
Portugals
description
of
such
a
Mynerall
experiment
.
Having
made
the
discovery
as
aforesaid
,
and
b●ing
satisfied
in
the
Legality
of
my
undertaking
in
respect
of
man
,
I
endeavored
to
proceed
therein
according
to
the
Law
of
God
,
striving
to
do
unto
others
as
I
would
they
should
do
unto
me
.
In
order
whereunto
(
having
discovered
a
branch
that
issued
from
the
old
Myne
(
at
the
mountain
of
Geginan
)
I
at
the
generall
Assize
held
for
the
County
of
Cardigan
(
Judge
Turner
being
on
the
Bench
)
publickly
propounded
unto
the
Gentry
and
Freeholders
of
the
said
County
,
being
Owners
of
the
Herbage
,
That
if
any
of
them
would
(
by
my
example
)
adventure
to
discover
the
concealed
Treasure
in
any
Herbage
,
belonging
unto
them
,
at
their
own
charge
,
they
should
(
although
the
Grant
was
particular
to
me
from
his
Majesty
)
enjoy
the
benefit
of
my
Grant
and
Mint
,
for
their
encouragement
therein
;
But
if
they
did
(
in
respect
of
the
great
charge
and
hazard
)
decline
the
same
,
That
then
,
if
afterward
my
endeavours
were
cround
beyond
present
probability
or
expectation
,
they
would
not
envy
or
repine
at
that
blessing
which
Gods
providence
as
a
reward
of
my
labours
,
bestowed
upon
me
:
Further
adding
,
That
if
,
in
the
prosecution
of
the
said
work
,
I
might
commit
any
Trespasse
upon
the
Herbage
of
any
Gentleman
,
or
others
,
I
would
give
such
answerable
satisfaction
as
should
by
the
next
Justice
of
Peace
be
judged
double
to
the
damage
sustained
by
my
trespasse
thereupon
:
which
promise
I
have
constantly
performed
ever
since
my
first
undertaking
:
The
Mynes
mo●●
commonly
being
discovered
in
such
Grounds
as
are
worth
not
above
three
pence
per
Acre
,
which
hath
been
proved
upon
a
full
Hearing
this
Parliament
.
But
to
proceed
.
Having
by
the
mercy
of
God
raised
a
considerable
benefit
,
I
did
not
cast
about
how
to
hide
,
but
to
improve
my
Talent
for
the
good
of
my
Native
Country
,
which
my
gracious
Maker
had
bestowed
:
As
an
evidence
whereof
I
improved
my
ability
for
the
recovering
of
severall
drowned
Mynes
,
and
discovering
other
new
branches
of
the
old
Mynes
wrought
by
the
Romans
,
(
viz.
)
at
the
Mountains
called
Tall●bont
,
Broomfloid
Combmervin
,
Geginan
,
Commustwith
,
Comsum-Lock
and
the
Beacon
hill
of
the
Daren
;
by
which
means
Trade
was
greatly
encreased
the
Common
wealth
inriched
,
and
many
thousands
of
poor
people
relieved
.
I
applyed
my self
to
finde
out
some
more
facile
,
lesse
chargeable
,
and
more
expeditious
way
,
(
not
only
to
discover
new
,
but
to
recover
the
old
decayed
Mynes
.
In
order
whereunto
I
contrived
a
way
of
Addits
,
cutting
levell
through
the
lowest
part
of
the
Mountain
,
(
and
not
beginning
at
the
top
,
and
sinking
downward
,
)
whereby
the
work
was
made
more
profitable
,
and
lesse
subject
to
the
casualties
of
damps
,
and
drowning
,
by
preserving
a
constant
water
course
,
which
was
extream
incident
to
the
other
way
of
myning
,
whereby
most
commonly
the
Myners
were
drowned
out
before
they
could
attain
half
the
riches
of
the
Myne
;
and
also
avoyding
the
tedious
and
chargeable
sinking
of
air-shafts
,
by
conveying
air
through
the
Mountain
many
hundred
Fathoms
,
with
Pipe
and
Bellows
,
away
never
before
used
by
any
undertakers
,
but
now
approved
by
all
.
And
because
I
found
that
the
wood
of
the
Countrey
was
exceedingly
wasted
,
by
extracting
the
said
Minerals
;
and
that
it
could
not
be
possible
to
afford
sufficient
supply
,
or
if
it
did
,
it
must
be
at
such
a
rate
as
would
devour
the
greatest
part
of
the
gain
,
besides
the
prejudice
that
would
redound
to
the
Countrey
by
the
decay
of
Wood
,
being
forc't
to
use
such
great
quantities
thereof
;
I
made
tryal
of
many
expensive
conclusions
,
and
ceased
not
till
I
had
contrived
a
way
to
make
the
defects
of
the
Valley
answer
the
fertile
Mountain
,
by
a
supply
of
fuell
;
so
that
with
Turf
and
Sea-coale
charked
,
I
have
and
doe
refine
the
Silver
and
Lead
without
Wood
and
Charcoale
,
by
which
means
the
undertaking
is
of
much
more
advantage
as
well
to
the
Commonwealth
as
to
the
persons
ingaged
in
the
prosecution
thereof
.
His
late
Majesty
having
received
sufficient
testimony
of
the
Premises
,
and
being
sensible
of
the
great
good
that
was
like
further
to
redound
to
the
Nation
,
by
my
charge
and
industry
,
for
my
better
incouragement
,
and
to
the
end
that
others
might
be
induced
to
joyn
in
assisting
me
in
a
worke
,
conducing
so
much
to
a
generall
good
;
and
in
pursuance
of
his
promise
made
at
my
entry
thereupon
in
the
year
1636.
did
,
by
and
with
the
advice
of
his
Privy
Councel
,
grant
the
Impost
and
Customs
of
all
Lead
that
should
be
transported
out
of
England
and
Wales
,
for
the
Rent
of
6000
l.
per
annum
,
to
be
paid
by
me
to
His
Majesty
,
his
Heirs
,
&c.
for
21
years
:
giving
me
also
full
power
to
deduct
out
of
the
said
Rent
all
such
sums
of
money
as
I
had
formly
disburst
for
his
service
,
with
8
l.
per
Cent.
for
the
forbearance
thereof
.
His
Majesty
seeming
to
be
convinced
by
his
Councel
at
a
full
debate
:
That
it
was
much
better
that
I
should
enjoy
the
Customs
for
a
certain
Rent
(
though
happily
(
some
years
)
beneath
the
value
thereof
)
for
that
by
my
charge
and
industry
the
staple
Commodity
of
the
Nation
would
be
greatly
encreased
;
so
that
if
I
,
by
the
discovery
of
the
concealed
Treasure
got
100
l.
the
Common-wealth
would
gain
1000
l.
by
the
advancement
of
Trade
,
in
respect
of
exportation
and
Importation
,
then
that
the
said
customs
should
be
trusted
to
the
generall
Farmers
or
Collectors
,
who
could
adde
nothing
to
that
Nationall
work
(
unlesse
it
were
discouragement
to
me
and
my
fellow
undertakers
;
)
and
also
that
the
Grant
of
the
said
Customs
could
not
be
lesse
then
21
years
,
for
that
no
man
could
be
encouraged
otherwise
to
adventure
his
estate
in
the
promotion
thereof
,
since
a
short
Lease
would
be
expired
before
a
man
could
possibly
obtain
the
fruit
of
his
charge
and
hazard
,
a
dozen
yeares
being
many
times
spent
before
a
Myne
could
be
attained
.
But
in
the
unhappy
difference
betweene
the
King
and
Parliament
I
was
forced
by
the
power
of
the
Parliaments
Army
,
and
necessitated
to
retire
my selfe
into
the
Island
of
Lundy
,
of
which
His
Majesty
made
me
Governour
,
where
I
remained
peaceably
,
without
doing
prejudice
to
any
,
untill
the
Lord
Generall
in
his
Letter
bearing
date
the
8
of
April
,
1646.
sent
me
by
a
Drummer
this
following
Order
.
Die
Sabbati
,
12
Ianuary
,
1645.
At
the
Committee
of
both
Kingdoms
at
Darby
house
.
Jt
is
Ordered
,
That
a
Proposition
be
made
to
Mr.
Bushell
,
That
if
he
will
deliver
up
the
Isle
of
Lundy
this
Committee
will
use
their
endeavors
with
the
Parliament
,
that
he
may
be
restored
to
his
Interest
in
the
Silver
Mynes
.
GUALTER
FROST
Secretary
to
the
same
Committee
.
Together
with
which
Order
his
Excellency
sent
a
safe
Conduct
for
me
to
come
to
the
Head
Quarters
to
treat
with
the
Lord
Say
,
or
with
such
as
he
should
appoint
touching
the
said
Proposition
made
by
the
said
Committee
.
Some
moneths
after
the
said
Committee
sent
another
Order
,
thereby
promising
their
Endevours
to
the
Parliament
,
for
the
taking
off
the
Delinquency
of
the
Souldiers
that
were
with
me
in
Lundy
,
&c.
After
receipt
whereof
(
having
first
obtained
his
Majesties
consent
for
the
Resignation
thereof
,
)
I
informed
my
Lord
Say
by
Letter
,
That
I
could
willingly
yeeld
obedience
to
the
said
Orders
,
if
the
sight
thereof
would
relieve
my
losses
,
or
cancell
my
Obligations
;
But
since
I
could
receive
neither
satisfaction
or
security
by
those
,
I
proposed
,
That
the
Honorable
Committee
of
both
Kingdoms
would
be
pleased
to
procure
the
restitution
of
my
estate
with
all
other
immunities
thereunto
belonging
by
an
Ordinance
of
Parliament
,
that
thereby
I
might
be
enabled
to
pay
my
debts
,
and
prosecute
that
publike
employment
which
I
had
formerly
undertaken
,
and
that
before
my
Surrender
thereof
,
otherwise
I
should
be
constrained
to
retain
it
as
the
refuge
of
my
fortune
,
&c.
Many
Messages
,
Letters
and
Replies
passed
for
some
months
about
the
Surrender
thereof
,
after
which
it
pleased
the
honorable
Parliament
to
grant
my
desire
,
as
appears
by
the
ensuing
Order
.
Die
Sabbati
,
10
July
,
1647.
Ordered
by
the
Lords
and
Commons
assembled
in
Parliament
,
That
upon
the
delivery
up
of
the
Jsle
of
Lundy
to
the
Lord
Viscount
Say
and
Seal
,
The
sum
of
my
desires
are
,
That
since
his
late
Majesty
,
in
pursuance
of
his
said
promise
made
at
my
entrance
upon
the
Mines
in
the
year
1636.
being
convinced
by
his
Councel
at
a
full
debate
:
That
it
was
much
better
that
I
should
enjoy
the
Customs
for
a
certain
Rent
(
though
happily
(
some
years
)
beneath
the
value
thereof
)
for
that
by
my
charge
and
industry
the
staple
Commodity
of
the
Nation
would
be
greatly
encreased
;
so
that
if
I
,
by
the
discovery
of
the
concealed
Treasure
,
got
100
l.
the
Nation
would
gain
1000
l.
by
the
advancement
of
Trade
,
in
respect
of
exportation
and
Importation
,
then
that
the
said
customs
should
be
trusted
in
common
to
Farmers
or
Collectors
,
who
could
adde
nothing
to
that
Nationall
work
(
unlesse
it
were
discouragement
to
me
and
my
fellow
undertakers
;
)
and
also
that
the
Grant
of
the
said
Customs
could
not
be
lesse
then
21
years
,
for
that
no
man
could
be
encouraged
otherwise
to
adventure
his
estate
in
the
promotion
thereof
,
since
a
short
Lease
would
be
expired
before
a
man
could
possibly
obtain
the
fruit
of
his
charge
and
hazard
,
a
dozen
yeares
being
many
times
spent
before
a
Myne
could
be
attained
:
for
these
and
the
other
reasons
before
specified
,
his
Majesty
was
pleased
to
sever
the
said
Custom
of
Lead
from
the
great
Farm
,
and
to
grant
the
same
to
me
and
my
Assigns
for
the
term
of
twenty
one
years
,
for
the
Rent
of
6000
l.
per
annum
,
giving
me
power
thereby
to
deduct
out
of
the
said
Rent
,
all
such
sums
of
money
as
I
had
formerly
disbursed
for
his
service
,
with
an
allowance
of
8
l.
per
cent
.
for
the
forbearance
thereof
,
as
by
the
said
Grant
appeareth
:
By
vertue
of
which
Grant
,
as
by
my
Councell
I
am
advised
,
I
have
a
legal
interest
in
the
said
Customs
during
that
term
.
And
forasmuch
as
the
Custom
,
which
formerly
was
2
l.
8
s.
p●r
Fodder
,
hath
been
by
the
Parliament
,
for
the
good
of
the
Common-wealth
reduced
to
20
s.
per
Fodder
;
And
for
that
the
quantity
of
Lead
now
transported
,
is
nothing
near
so
much
as
was
ship'd
and
transported
formerly
,
as
by
the
certificate
of
Customs
annexed
may
appear
:
That
therefore
,
although
I
might
justly
claim
the
benefit
of
the
said
Grant
from
His
Majesty
by
vertue
of
the
former
recited
Order
of
Parliament
,
which
provideth
,
that
I
should
upon
the
performance
of
the
Conditions
therein
specified
,
be
restored
to
all
my
Estate
,
with
such
right
as
I
,
or
my
Assigns
,
had
,
or
ought
to
have
had
,
in
the
Mines
,
&c.
Yet
declining
my
Interest
herein
,
by
vertue
of
the
said
Grant
,
I
humbly
submit
my self
to
the
Judgement
of
Parliament
,
not
doubting
their
readinesse
to
give
all
just
encouragement
to
my
endeavors
,
which
shall
tend
onely
to
the
advancement
of
the
publique
good
.
In
pursuance
whereof
I
humbly
propose
and
desire
.
That
forasmuch
as
by
my
charge
,
vast
expence
and
hazard
(
being
thereby
damnified
many
thousands
of
pounds
)
the
Trade
of
Lead
being
a
Staple
Commodity
,
hath
been
,
and
is
likely
to
be
advanced
,
That
therefore
I
may
be
permitted
to
farme
the
said
Customs
of
Lead
,
for
the
term
of
years
abovesaid
,
paying
2500
l
per
annum
for
the
same
;
which
according
to
the
due
computation
of
the
quantities
of
Lead
transported
for
two
seven
years
last
past
(
abating
the
reducement
of
the
Customs
by
the
Parliament
,
from
2l
.
8
s.
per
Fodder
,
to
20
s.
per
Fodder
,
together
with
the
deductions
and
allowance
of
the
charge
of
the
Collection
thereof
,
which
amounted
to
above
1000
l.
per
annum
)
as
a
Rent
sufficiently
proportionable
,
as
by
the
Certificates
from
the
Farmers
and
Commissioners
,
who
by
order
of
the
Committee
of
the
Navy
have
examined
and
certified
the
same
,
may
fully
appear
;
the
substance
of
which
certificates
,
for
better
satisfaction
,
are
here
inserted
.
It
appeareth
by
the
Certificate
from
the
Farmers
of
the
Customs
herewith
presented
,
that
there
was
transported
in
An.
1634.
and
from
thence
till
the
end
of
the
year
1640.
(
being
seven
years
)
40772
Fodders
,
three
quarter
of
Lead
,
and
no
more
.
For
which
,
if
there
had
been
received
(
as
the
Book
of
Rates
now
allows
)
onely
20
s.
per
Fedder
,
the
Customs
of
Lead
for
these
seven
years
,
would
then
have
amounted
unto
40772
l.
15
.
s
.
0.
d.
|
|
Which
being
divided
into
seven
parts
,
it
appeareth
that
the
Customs
did
yeeld
yearly
.
|
l.
s.
d.
5824.
13.
6.
|
It
appeareth
also
by
the
said
Certificates
,
that
in
the
year
1641.
and
to
the
end
of
the
year
1646.
(
being
six
years
,
there
was
transported
25483.
Fodders
and
a
quarter
of
Lead
,
and
no
more
.
For
which
,
if
there
had
been
received
onely
20
s.
per
Fodder
,
the
Customs
for
those
six
years
,
would
have
amounted
unto
25483
l.
5
s.
which
being
divided
into
six
parts
,
it
appeareth
that
the
Customs
did
for
that
time
yeeld
yearly
(
besides
above
a
twentieth
part
that
payes
double
Customs
)
|
l.
s.
d.
4247.
4.
2.
|
But
in
case
it
shall
not
be
judged
convenient
for
me
to
Farm
the
same
,
that
then
I
may
be
permitted
to
enjoy
the
Lead
and
Oar
Custom
free
,
which
I
already
have
,
or
hereafter
shall
(
at
my
own
cost
,
or
the
charges
of
such
as
shall
adventure
with
me
)
discover
out
of
new
Mynes
,
or
such
as
have
been
drowned
and
discerted
for
many
Ages
:
And
to
the
end
that
a
work
of
such
Nationall
advantage
may
not
be
retarded
,
nor
my self
and
other
undertakers
discouraged
;
but
rather
,
by
all
just
wayes
and
means
enabled
to
prosecute
and
carry
on
the
same
:
I
further
humbly
propose
,
That
for
the
future
,
the
Parliament
would
be
pleased
to
Ordain
,
That
all
persons
convicted
of
petty
Felonies
may
be
employed
in
the
said
Mynes
,
giving
sufficient
security
for
their
true
service
therein
,
untill
such
time
be
exspired
as
shall
be
adjudged
meet
for
the
expiation
of
their
Crimes
;
by
which
means
I
conceive
many
poor
Creatures
will
not
onely
be
preserved
from
untimely
death
,
and
removed
from
their
idle
company
,
but
being
forced
to
work
,
be
made
serviceable
to
the
Common-wealth
,
and
sensible
of
their
own
follies
;
the
charge
greatly
lessned
to
those
who
venture
their
fortunes
in
the
said
undertakings
,
for
the
reasons
following
:
WHereas
it
hath
been
the
custom
in
all
Kingdoms
,
States
and
Commonwealths
,
where
Mines
are
hapily
discovered
to
give
all
encouragement
to
Miners
and
Adventures
in
Minerall
Works
,
by
the
Grant
of
severall
Charters
,
Franchises
,
and
Priviledges
,
whereby
they
might
the
more
diligently
attend
the
same
;
and
in
pursuance
thereof
so
to
be
governed
and
ordered
under
a
particular
jurisdiction
in
all
places
;
as
Georgius
Agricola
,
who
was
the
most
expert
Mineralist
of
these
latter
Ages
,
and
himselfe
King
of
the
Mines
of
all
Germany
,
doth
testifie
and
affirm
;
as
the
Staneries
heretofore
in
England
in
some
sort
were
.
And
whereas
the
late
King
Iames
,
who
was
truly
stiled
,
The
King
of
peace
,
and
mirror
of
mercy
,
was
graciously
pleased
for
saving
the
Lives
of
such
Malefactors
as
were
condemned
to
Death
by
the
Law
for
Petty
Felonies
,
being
such
as
were
not
any
Scandall
to
the
Church
or
State
,
nor
had
imbrued
their
hands
in
blood
,
to
admit
their
Transportation
by
the
East
India
and
Virginia
Companies
,
for
their
furtherance
of
Plantations
:
In
which
action
he
did
also
cast
his
eyes
upon
the
warrantable
proceedings
and
presidents
of
other
most
famous
Princes
in
the
like
kinde
;
as
the
late
Queen
Eliz.
who
built
certain
Galleys
of
purpose
for
imployment
of
such
kind
of
Offendors
,
of
strong
and
able
bodies
,
as
might
attend
her
memorable
designs
at
Sea
,
especially
upon
all
sudden
and
resolute
Enterprizes
,
it
being
the
usuall
way
and
course
not
onely
of
the
ancient
Romans
,
to
adjudge
persons
condemned
for
notorious
crimes
to
work
in
the
mettall
Mines
,
but
also
of
other
Christian
Princes
,
as
the
King
of
Spain
both
for
the
supply
of
his
Galleys
against
the
Turks
and
Moors
,
and
especially
for
the
Enlargement
of
his
Indian
Mines
of
Gold
,
Silver
,
Quicksilver
and
the
like
;
and
his
Conquests
of
Moloceo
,
Goa
Ormus
,
and
other
rich
and
populous
Islands
;
The
King
of
France
,
for
his
Galleys
of
Marsellis
;
The
State
of
Venice
;
The
Duke
Florence
,
who
by
such
kinde
of
saved
Offendors
built
Ligorn
(
one
of
the
most
famous
Sea
Ports
within
the
Straits
.
)
In
all
which
States
and
Services
,
divers
of
these
Malefactors
,
by
good
encouragement
,
have
sought
not
so
much
by
surviving
as
by
their
incredible
Labors
,
effecting
matters
otherwise
held
invincible
,
to
obliterate
their
former
Ignomies
by
merit
of
Reward
.
And
whereas
in
this
Commonwealth
too
many
such
Offendors
are
most
untimely
cut
off
,
in
their
best
abilities
of
Service
;
so
there
is
means
of
employment
for
such
persons
,
to
redeem
their
lost
Reputation
,
by
endeavoring
to
do
faithfull
Service
for
their
Countrys
honour
,
and
the
Commonwealths
good
,
in
the
happy
work
of
discovering
Minerals
out
of
the
barren
Rocks
:
My
humble
Suit
therefore
is
,
That
you
would
be
pleased
,
out
of
all
these
weighty
considerations
,
and
beneficiall
consequences
,
tending
so
much
to
the
good
of
the
Commonwealth
,
to
grant
me
power
for
the
choosing
of
such
severall
persons
out
of
the
Prisons
in
this
Nation
,
as
are
and
shall
be
condemned
for
small
Offences
,
and
of
able
serviceable
bodies
,
by
the
approbation
of
the
Judges
;
as
shall
implore
your
mercy
,
to
be
imployed
by
me
in
the
works
of
the
Mines
Royall
,
they
giving
security
for
their
good
behaviour
,
with
such
limitation
of
time
,
and
allowance
for
their
sustentation
,
as
to
your
Wisdoms
shall
be
thought
fit
;
that
by
their
dutifull
and
laborious
performance
therein
,
they
may
afterwards
come
into
the
happinesse
of
your
Pardon
for
their
former
Offences
.
Thus
having
given
you
a
perfect
Narrative
of
my
Rise
,
Growth
,
and
Progresse
in
this
common
good
;
together
with
the
sum
of
my
desires
,
as
matter
of
encouragement
in
the
further
prosecution
thereof
,
I
will
onely
adde
some
few
particulars
to
manifest
the
advantage
that
would
by
the
said
Grant
,
redownd
immediately
thereupon
,
to
the
Honour
and
Profit
of
the
Nation
,
and
then
leave
the
premises
to
the
serious
consideration
of
the
Parliament
,
&
all
others
that
desire
to
further
a
work
of
such
publique
concernment
.
As
for
example
.
1.
If
in
three
or
four
thousand
Tuns
of
Lead
yeerly
raised
,
(
which
for
some
yeeres
last
past
have
been
,
and
now
is
)
the
Trade
and
Customes
both
by
Transportation
and
Importation
,
be
kept
up
and
encreased
to
many
thousand
pounds
profit
yeerly
,
then
it
must
be
inferred
(
and
cannot
be
denied
)
That
if
double
and
treble
the
quantity
be
so
raised
,
by
the
charge
and
practice
of
my selfe
and
fellow-undertakers
,
The
result
thereof
must
of
necessity
be
equivalent
,
and
encrease
the
value
of
the
Customs
imported
;
whereby
the
Nation
is
advantaged
,
and
the
Adventurers
encouraged
.
I
desire
to
propound
this
Quaere
,
Whether
2.
If
the
concealed
riches
of
our
Nation
so
discovered
(
with
lesse
danger
and
greater
honour
)
be
not
much
more
advantagious
for
the
inhabitants
to
seek
them
(
by
Gods
providence
)
at
home
,
then
to
imbark
their
thoughts
and
Estates
upon
the
hopes
of
Forraign
parts
to
enrich
themselves
,
by
advancing
the
Trade
of
another
Countrey
,
since
by
the
practique
experience
of
a
private
man
,
the
generall
Charge
of
a
Miners
profession
is
reduced
to
half
the
value
of
former
disbursments
,
and
as
much
more
certainty
in
the
way
of
discoveries
.
Tho.
Bushell
.
These
considerations
,
and
my
late
practique
experience
at
Combmartin
in
Devon
,
did
not
onely
invite
the
worthy
Merchants
of
Barnstable
and
Bydifford
to
write
this
ensuing
Letter
unto
me
,
for
Transporting
all
my
Lead
and
Oar
Fraight-free
in
stead
of
Ballast
;
but
also
divers
other
Merchants
,
by
their
good
example
,
were
induced
to
adventure
upon
my
having
a
Farm
of
the
Customs
,
according
to
the
proportion
of
my
Rent
abovementioned
,
the
severall
sums
hereafter
expressed
,
as
to
a
publique
work
,
and
in
hope
of
enriching
themselves
by
the
same
providence
.
SIR
,
SInce
,
you
have
been
pleased
at
your
own
great
charge
to
discover
those
deserted
Works
at
Combmartin
for
the
publique
good
of
our
Countrey
:
And
whereas
you
are
interessed
in
the
Mynes
of
Wales
,
which
furnish
you
both
with
Lead
and
Lead-Oar
,
These
are
to
request
you
,
to
be
pleased
to
make
this
our
Harbour
partaker
of
the
Benefits
may
proceed
therein
,
and
what
we
buy
not
from
you
for
ready
moneys
,
we
shall
be
ready
to
transport
for
you
Fraight-free
instead
of
Ballast
,
you
rendring
it
aboard
to
all
such
Ports
,
as
our
Vessels
shall
commerce
withall
:
In
so
doing
,
we
suppose
the
result
thereof
will
more
properly
conduce
to
your
hopefull
proceedings
in
the
said
works
of
Comhmartin
,
which
we
wish
all
happy
successe
,
and
remain
Your
Loving
friends
,
-
Richard
Harris
.
-
William
Leigh
.
-
George
Shurt
.
-
Robert
Dennis
.
-
Iohn
Tucker
.
-
Thomas
Horwood
.
-
Anthony
Benny
.
-
William
Palmer
.
-
Lyonel
Becher
.
-
Richard
Harris
.
-
William
Nottel
.
-
Iohn
Down
.
-
Walter
Tucker
.
-
R.
Flemming
.
-
Richard
Medford
.
-
William
Wood.
-
Francis
Newton
.
-
Edward
Flemming
.
-
Tho.
Cox
.
-
Nathaniel
Fisherleigh
.
-
Robert
Frayn
.
Barnstable
6
Octob.
1648.
WHereas
Thomas
Bushel
Esquire
,
Farmer
of
the
Mynes
Royall
,
is
willing
and
ready
to
adventure
his
pains
,
and
a
great
part
of
his
Estate
,
in
discovering
of
the
deserted
Mynes
of
Combmartin
in
Devonshire
,
and
in
cutting
through
divers
Mountains
in
Wales
,
or
elsewhere
in
Darbishire
,
for
the
discovering
of
Silver
and
Lead
Mynes
.
And
whereas
by
his
Relation
,
he
is
in
good
hopes
that
he
shall
get
an
act
of
Parliament
freeing
the
said
Mines
,
so
to
be
discovered
and
recovered
,
from
payment
of
any
Customs
for
twenty
one
yeeres
,
or
else
that
he
shall
become
Tenant
to
all
the
Customes
of
England
and
Wales
,
at
such
a
Rent
as
they
are
now
worth
,
for
which
he
hath
already
Letters
Patents
from
his
Majesty
:
Now
for
that
the
said
Thomas
Bushell
,
doubting
his
owne
Estate
will
not
be
sufficient
to
go
through
with
,
and
perfect
these
chargeable
Adventures
;
and
being
contented
to
admit
of
such
persons
as
will
adventure
with
him
in
the
Mynes
,
to
have
a
proportionable
charge
of
the
profits
thereof
Custome
free
.
We
whose
Names
are
hereunder
written
,
being
desirous
to
forward
the
publique
good
of
this
Kingdom
,
and
hoping
(
by
Gods
Providence
)
to
gain
profit
to
our selves
,
do
hereby
declare
,
That
so
soon
as
the
said
Mr.
Bushell
shall
by
an
Act
of
Parliament
have
the
said
Customs
granted
unto
him
,
we
will
each
of
us
according
to
our
severall
Subscriptions
,
lay
down
and
pay
the
said
severall
summes
of
money
,
to
be
imployed
by
the
said
Mr
Bushel
in
the
said
Mines
as
aforesaid
;
to
the
end
we
may
have
a
proportionable
share
of
the
profits
arising
by
Adventures
,
as
aforesaid
.
We
whose
Names
are
underwritten
,
will
adventure
in
the
businesse
abovesaid
,
as
followeth
:
-
Martin
Iefferson
800
li.
-
William
Parkhurst
300
li.
-
Timothy
Lumm
500
li.
-
Francis
Ottley
500
li.
-
Henry
Seley
500
li.
-
George
Goodman
300
li.
-
Iames
Ingram
300
li.
-
Robert
Mees
500
li.
-
Henry
Archibold
300
li.
-
Edmund
Goodyer
500
li.
Many
others
have
profered
and
promised
to
adventure
,
if
the
Customs
be
granted
as
desired
.
Which
publique
Service
was
likewise
a
great
motive
to
his
Excellency
,
and
the
Lord
Viscount
Say
and
Seal
,
to
direct
the
Letter
of
Request
,
at
followeth
:
To
the
Honourable
William
Lenthal
Esq.
Speaker
of
the
Honourable
House
of
Commons
.
Mr
Speaker
,
I
Formerly
granted
safe
conduct
unto
Thomas
Bushel
Esquire
,
who
had
the
command
of
the
Isle
of
Lundy
,
to
come
hither
to
Treat
concerning
the
surrender
of
that
place
,
and
he
like
a
Gcntleman
truly
performed
on
his
part
such
Articles
as
were
agreed
on
;
since
which
time
he
hath
been
very
industrious
in
finding
out
of
Lead
Mines
,
which
are
like
to
produce
good
quantities
of
Silver
,
proof
whereof
you
may
please
to
see
,
and
having
seen
a
Letter
under
the
hands
of
the
Merchants
of
Barnstable
,
to
further
his
endeavors
for
the
publique
;
I
could
not
but
out
of
a
sence
I
have
the
generall
good
will
be
exceedingly
advantaged
by
the
way
of
his
industry
humbly
offer
it
as
a
request
of
mine
,
That
Mr.
Bushel
may
have
for
his
better
incouragement
,
your
best
assistance
in
restoring
him
to
all
his
Estate
,
according
to
mine
agreement
,
and
the
Order
of
both
houses
,
dated
the
Tenth
of
Iuly
,
1647.
And
although
by
that
agreement
and
Order
,
he
humbly
conceives
he
may
justly
claim
the
Customs
of
Lead
of
England
and
Wales
,
at
such
Rent
as
the
same
were
formerly
granted
him
by
Letters
Pattents
from
His
Majesty
under
the
Great-Seal
for
a
good
Term
of
years
unexpired
,
yet
he
hath
been
,
and
still
is
contented
to
decline
that
claime
,
and
submit
to
such
a
reasonable
Rent
for
the
same
,
as
the
Committee
of
the
Revenue
shall
propose
;
And
in
pursuance
hereof
,
the
then
Farmors
of
the
Customes
have
by
Order
of
the
said
Committee
of
the
Navy
(
as
I
am
informed
)
returned
a
certificate
,
whereby
the
true
values
of
the
said
Customs
of
Lead
may
appear
;
I
have
therefore
thought
fit
,
humbly
to
recommend
the
said
Certificate
,
together
with
the
Petition
of
the
Myners
of
Derby-shire
and
Devon
,
and
his
Propositions
for
the
publique
good
and
make
it
my
request
that
he
may
speedily
Farm
the
said
Customs
of
Lead
,
during
the
time
of
his
former
Grant
,
whereby
his
adventures
for
discovering
Minerals
,
and
recovering
the
deserted
works
of
this
Kingdom
,
may
be
incouraged
to
joyn
with
him
in
so
common
a
good
,
least
hee
be
inforced
to
leave
this
Realm
,
and
so
good
a
work
perish
by
his
absence
:
For
truly
Sir
,
this
last
discovery
of
his
in
the
County
of
Devon
,
with
the
port
of
other
his
proceedings
,
hath
almost
perswaded
him
to
become
an
Adventurer
;
Who
remains
,
Queenstreet
14.
Martii
,
1648.
Your
humble
Servant
,
THO:
FAIRFAX
.