HIS
MAJESTY
OF
SWEDENS
Remonstrance
,
Declaring
the
Reasons
that
forc'd
him
to
continue
the
WAR
with
DENMARK
after
the
Treaty
at
Roskild
.
THere
are
principally
two
things
which
cannot
but
affect
any
man
with
wonder
,
that
shall
without
partiality
weigh
and
observe
the
course
and
carriage
of
this
War
betwixt
the
Swedes
and
Danes
,
to
wit
,
the
singular
moderation
,
which
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Sweden
to
his
Princely
Renown
,
hath
expressed
and
approved
to
the
World
:
and
on
the
other
side
,
the
extreme
Ingratitude
,
whereby
the
Nation
of
Denmark
hath
deservedly
contracted
a
foul
and
lasting
infamy
.
For
when
the
most
Serene
his
Majesty
of
Sweden
,
And
though
this
might
have
serv'd
for
a
sufficient
testimony
of
their
meaning
to
us
,
yet
they
held
it
too
scant
,
unless
they
had
also
urg'd
the
Muscovite
to
make
a
War
on
the
Swedes
,
His
most
Serene
Majesty
of
Sweden
having
been
duly
regardful
to
that
Amity
,
Which
Reasons
appear'd
so
sufficient
and
just
to
the
Danish
King
,
And
for
as
much
as
it
seem'd
for
the
behoof
of
these
Northern
Kingdoms
to
joyn
in
a
straiter
bond
of
Friendship
,
his
Majesty
hath
on
his
part
neglected
nothing
that
might
conduce
to
the
effecting
and
establishing
thereof
:
which
seemed
also
fully
prepar'd
and
ripe
,
when
the
Danes
purposing
nothing
less
then
the
confirmation
of
it
,
objected
certain
Grievances
first
to
be
removed
.
Which
,
when
the
Swedish
Plenipotentiary
suspecting
nothing
,
desired
them
to
propound
:
He
was
scarce
departed
Coppenhagen
,
Indeed
he
received
his
deserv'd
censure
by
publique
Authority
,
and
the
Danes
themselves
some
time
after
,
acknowledged
the
shamefulness
of
the
thing
,
so
that
in
the
Treaty
at
Roschild
they
condemned
it
;
but
whereas
it
holds
out
the
departure
of
the
Swedish
Commissioner
from
Coppenhagen
as
the
occasion
of
the
ensuing
War
,
therein
they
add
foul
Impudence
to
Malice
.
Andr.
Bille
chief
Generall
to
the
King
of
Denmark
,
which
came
to
our
hands
on
the
possessing
of
Fredericks
Ode
,
and
the
Isle
of
Fuhnen
,
are
more
then
sufficient
proof
,
how
long
before
his
departure
this
War
was
decreed
,
and
that
they
were
most
studious
to
contrive
meanes
of
hastening
his
departure
.
This
publique
Invective
against
the
Swedes
Nation
was
seconded
by
private
calumny
,
the
Peers
of
Denmark
reckoning
it
great
glory
and
merit
to
abound
in
tart
Reproaches
,
contending
for
a
mastery
in
scurrility
with
their
poor
and
fordid
eloquence
.
So
great
a
matter
it
seems
it
was
to
unsheath
a
pen
against
the
Swedes
,
and
he
that
was
the
best
proficient
in
scoffing
and
detraction
,
thereby
presum'd
himself
to
be
the
worthiest
Patriot
.
The
were
the
Danish
Soldiers
powr'd
into
the
Countreys
of
Sweden
,
Dukall
Holstein
,
others
received
the
wages
of
their
rash
adventure
,
being
in
a
few
dayes
time
utterly
expelled
the
Dutchy
of
Breme
,
excepting
onely
the
Castle
of
Bremerford
.
Soon
after
all
Jutland
submitted
to
the
Swede
,
save
that
new
built
Fort
of
Fredericks
Ode
,
which
was
at
first
stifly
maintained
by
a
considerable
party
of
the
Danes
.
But
the
valiant
Commander
Wrangle
encourag'd
by
his
Majesties
influence
and
his
own
valour
,
after
he
had
begirt
it
a
few
weeks
,
won
it
,
without
any
great
loss
of
his
own
men
,
and
having
made
great
slaughter
of
the
Enemy
,
His
most
Serene
Majesty
of
Sweden
did
not
forget
in
the
current
of
these
Victories
his
regard
to
Peace
;
Major
General
Jephson
and
Sir
Philip
Meadowes
Agents
for
his
Highness
the
Lord
Protector
of
England
,
Philip
Meadowes
had
declar'd
concerning
this
Businesse
,
but
with
all
they
sought
with
such
arrogancy
and
height
to
impose
Laws
on
the
Swedes
,
A
,
B
,
C
,
D
,
E
,
F.
&c.
Wherefore
the
Swedes
perceiving
themselves
to
be
onely
born
in
hand
with
a
counterfeit
shew
of
Peace
,
and
that
the
Danes
did
at
the
same
time
vigorously
labour
a
Confederation
with
the
Austrian
,
Pole
,
and
Brandenburgh
,
His
Majesty
of
Denmark
being
horribly
surpriz'd
with
this
News
,
and
the
more
for
that
the
Swedes
had
the
same
opportunity
to
passe
into
Zealand
,
began
to
advise
with
such
of
his
Peers
,
as
he
had
about
him
,
concerning
a
Peace
,
Philip
Meadowes
,
to
mediate
therein
.
Who
,
though
he
had
found
them
deaf
till
then
to
all
his
Arguments
of
Peace
,
was
very
diligent
and
trusty
to
that
charge
,
and
sending
one
of
his
Retinue
to
the
King
of
Sweden
then
residing
at
Odensea
in
Fuhnen
,
Letter
G.
advised
him
,
In
the
mean
time
his
most
Serene
Majesty
of
Sweden
,
holding
it
unmeet
to
slight
his
opportunity
,
moved
by
the
Islands
,
Langland
,
And
doubtlesse
a
Peace
had
then
been
concluded
,
(
Monsieur
Hugo
Terlon
the
Embassadour
in
Ordinary
from
the
most
Christian
King
of
France
to
the
King
of
Sweden
,
and
Sir
Philip
Meadowes
,
It
might
be
esteem'd
almost
miraculous
,
that
his
most
Serene
Majesty
of
Sweden
,
having
been
so
much
provok'd
,
and
so
set
at
naught
by
the
Danes
,
should
so
govern
his
courage
and
resolution
,
as
to
forbear
the
utter
destruction
of
that
Nation
,
that
had
so
often
threatned
to
root
out
him
and
his
.
Doubtless
the
Kingdom
of
the
Danes
had
then
been
brought
to
a
period
,
and
Coppenhagen
,
that
onely
remain'd
,
could
have
little
avail'd
them
,
being
no
otherwise
defensible
,
but
by
the
naked
bodies
of
men
.
There
you
might
have
seen
King
and
Peers
all
in
a
confusion
,
the
Nobility
at
discord
with
the
Citizens
,
the
Souldiers
mutining
;
and
those
,
who
should
have
been
their
guard
and
defence
,
powring
out
all
manner
of
threats
and
menaces
.
Insomuch
,
that
those
that
were
most
judicious
,
did
most
despair
of
the
common
safety
,
the
wealthy
Citizens
imploring
the
favour
and
protection
of
the
Swedes
.
The
Fortresses
that
remained
in
Schonen
,
lay
open
to
the
enemy
;
not
onely
for
that
the
Ice
had
made
the
passage
easie
,
but
also
for
that
most
of
the
Souldiers
were
drawn
thence
into
Zealand
.
But
the
most
Serene
his
Majesty
of
Sweden
wanted
nothing
but
will
to
ruine
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
and
those
,
whom
by
force
he
might
,
he
chose
rather
to
win
by
clemency
,
onely
taking
of
the
Enemies
that
part
of
the
Countrey
,
which
had
formerly
been
injuriously
wrested
from
the
Swede
;
as
also
some
places
in
Norway
for
his
security
,
that
though
hereafter
they
would
,
they
might
not
easily
annoy
him
.
Now
who
could
imagine
,
that
the
Danes
,
who
owe
both
their
being
and
their
dominion
to
be
Swede
,
should
demonstrate
themselves
so
utterly
unworthy
of
those
benefits
?
For
the
Articles
at
Tostrup
were
scarce
signed
,
and
a
Cessation
of
Arms
on
both
sides
proclaim'd
,
when
they
took
the
boldness
presently
to
discover
their
malicious
inclinations
.
It
had
been
here
declared
amongst
other
things
,
that
,
before
his
Sacred
Royall
Majesty
of
Sweden
should
,
for
the
better
ease
of
the
Countrey
dispose
of
his
Souldiers
in
their
Quarters
,
untill
it
should
be
agreeed
upon
the
time
of
their
departure
out
of
Zealand
in
the
meeting
at
Roskild
,
the
Danes
should
out
of
hand
send
in
their
promis'd
aid
of
2000.
Axell
Vrop
to
come
in
and
fill
up
the
number
.
For
they
being
appointed
at
the
charge
of
the
Ministers
and
Bayliffs
in
Schonen
,
are
to
be
concluded
under
the
same
condition
with
those
that
set
them
out
,
and
were
before
that
oblig'd
by
Covenants
to
pay
Faith
and
Allegiance
to
the
Kingdom
of
Sweden
.
But
as
his
most
Serene
Majesty
of
Sweden
had
not
onely
passed
over
many
things
in
those
Treaties
,
whereon
he
might
have
insisted
,
but
also
in
others
had
receded
much
from
his
right
in
reference
to
what
was
promised
;
so
in
the
businesse
of
these
Horse
,
And
though
it
be
almost
incredible
,
that
the
Danes
being
cast
upon
those
extremities
,
should
delay
the
conclusion
of
an
Agreement
,
Whereupon
it
was
at
length
concluded
,
Letter
L.
and
those
Gentlemen
,
which
had
mediated
,
But
forasmuch
as
the
Danes
supposed
themselves
unable
to
sustain
a
War
,
which
might
happen
to
them
,
having
lost
so
many
Provinces
,
and
which
they
were
oblig'd
to
part
with
by
the
renouncing
of
all
other
Leagues
,
Moreover
some
further
Articles
were
consented
to
,
We
might
observe
the
same
candor
in
the
Danes
with
the
above
noted
,
about
the
beginning
of
the
Treaties
at
Tostrup
,
when
in
their
Project
they
used
for
the
most
part
ambiguous
terms
,
onely
to
the
end
,
that
they
might
reserve
to
themselves
matter
sufficient
to
wrest
them
in
the
future
,
to
a
sense
injurious
to
us
,
in
the
mean
time
colourably
affirming
,
that
their
sense
was
the
same
with
what
the
words
of
the
Swedes
Commissioners
carried
.
But
this
appear'd
yet
more
manifest
at
Roskild
,
and
chiefly
in
that
the
Danes
at
the
making
of
their
Protocoll
or
Registry
were
found
guilty
of
that
,
which
in
the
Cornelian
Law
de
falsis
is
under
a
very
sharp
penalty
restrained
.
For
when
the
Swedish
Commissioners
in
comparing
the
Projects
of
the
Instrument
of
Peace
,
S.
R.
M.
of
Sweden
understanding
that
the
Treaties
at
Roskild
were
in
a
manner
drawn
to
a
conclusion
,
commands
part
of
his
Army
to
march
to
Wordinburgh
,
part
to
Corsoer
,
that
they
might
pass
over
into
Jutland
and
Fuhnen
before
the
ice
was
thaw'd
;
But
the
News
had
scarcely
come
to
the
King
of
Sweden
,
being
yet
at
Ringsted
of
the
finall
conclusion
of
the
Peace
,
when
there
posted
to
him
Owen
Juull
from
Coppenhagen
with
Letters
Credentiall
from
the
King
of
Denmark
,
And
this
was
the
suggestion
of
Beuningen
,
then
Ambassadour
from
the
States
of
Holland
into
Denmark
,
who
made
them
solemn
promise
,
Thereupon
the
King
of
Sweden
recall'd
his
Army
with
all
haste
,
which
was
gone
part
to
Wordinburgh
,
Thereupon
his
Majesty
of
Sweden
,
before
his
going
to
Gottinburgh
,
where
he
had
commanded
the
Senatours
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
Deputies
of
the
three
Orders
to
meet
him
,
that
he
might
discharge
his
faith
and
promise
to
the
King
of
Denmark
,
and
most
liberally
perform
all
things
,
The
Lord
Baron
Stenot
Bielcke
,
Senatour
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
Sir
Peter
Julius
Coyet
,
Counsellour
of
State
,
who
were
design'd
for
that
Embassay
,
chearfully
undertook
their
charge
;
'T
was
a
strange
thing
,
that
the
Danish
Ambassadours
,
the
Lord
Axell
Vrop
,
and
Peter
Reetzi
,
both
Senatours
of
the
Kingdom
should
in
their
first
meeting
with
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
at
Coppenhagen
the
29.
of
March
refuse
to
draw
up
,
as
was
their
charge
,
any
grounds
and
foundations
of
that
League
so
much
desir'd
first
at
Tostrup
,
then
at
Roskild
,
by
the
Danish
Commissioners
,
and
lastly
at
Fredericksburgh
by
the
King
himfelf
.
To
say
the
truth
,
't
was
a
matter
of
no
great
moment
,
and
of
little
concern
,
which
part
should
first
cast
their
Articles
into
paper
,
but
that
there
were
hot
coals
cover'd
under
these
embers
.
For
what
else
did
the
Danes
design
,
but
to
sift
out
the
meaning
of
the
Swedes
,
and
to
rake
together
matter
to
pervert
it
,
and
render
them
odious
to
other
Nations
,
as
if
they
onely
did
eagerly
pursue
those
things
,
whereby
other
men
might
in
any
kinde
sustein
loss
or
prejudice
.
And
that
they
might
carry
their
Imposture
the
more
smoothly
,
But
the
event
will
declare
what
profit
hath
accrewed
to
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
,
or
may
for
the
future
be
expected
by
hearkening
to
so
perverse
Councells
;
This
is
certain
,
that
his
Majesty
of
Sweden
had
no
other
regard
in
this
League
,
without
the
prejudice
and
detriment
of
any
other
,
as
the
precise
words
in
the
Eleventh
Article
of
the
former
approved
Proposalls
being
rad
will
discover
.
On
the
contrary
the
Danes
had
far
different
designs
,
In
the
Third
Article
of
the
transactions
at
Roskild
,
The
occasion
of
this
caution
,
was
not
onely
a
negotiation
some
years
since
carried
on
by
a
Resident
of
Poland
at
the
Hague
,
touching
a
League
then
to
be
made
between
the
King
of
Poland
,
S.
R.
M.
of
Sweden
,
in
case
he
should
at
any
time
make
War
upon
his
Enemies
,
to
secure
all
things
behinde
him
,
and
especially
Sea-ward
,
nor
to
permit
,
that
any
State
by
the
like
Attempts
in
future
,
should
challenge
a
passage
by
prescription
,
in
the
wrong
and
prejudice
of
those
Northern
Kingdoms
.
But
it
is
not
materiall
to
discover
at
large
that
the
Command
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
and
consequently
the
power
and
right
of
prohibiting
any
Fleet
of
War
,
doth
joyntly
belong
to
these
two
Kingdoms
,
since
there
was
never
yet
any
dispute
thereof
between
the
said
Kingdoms
,
neither
have
either
of
the
Kings
at
any
time
interposed
,
when
the
other
hath
used
or
claimed
his
power
against
Intruders
.
We
have
an
example
of
this
in
that
Renowned
King
of
Swedes
the
great
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
who
was
never
controul'd
or
resisted
,
whilest
he
destroyed
that
Fleet
,
which
the
Duke
of
Fridland
had
provided
in
the
Baltick
Sea
,
under
the
Commission
of
the
German
Emperour
Ferdinand
the
Second
.
In
the
like
manner
,
when
Christian
the
Fourth
King
of
Denmark
gave
chase
to
a
ship
,
which
under
Commission
from
the
King
of
Poland
would
have
exacted
Customs
,
near
the
City
of
Dantzick
,
the
King
of
Swedes
never
expressed
any
dislike
.
The
same
thing
is
likewise
testified
at
large
by
the
severall
writings
of
those
Kings
then
published
.
Sure
it
is
,
that
the
Swedes
might
yield
to
the
Danes
desires
,
that
the
third
Article
of
the
transaction
of
Roskild
,
as
also
at
Tostrup
was
set
down
in
this
form
:
That
no
Enemy
should
be
permitted
to
send
a
Fleet
of
War
into
the
Baltick
Sea
.
But
in
this
sense
,
as
the
Danish
Commissioners
themselves
expounded
it
,
that
no
forreign
Fleet
under
what
pretence
soever
should
pass
into
the
said
Sea
,
though
not
esteem'd
enemy
to
one
of
the
Nations
,
and
that
in
this
case
Forreign
and
Enemy
were
words
Synonimous
,
and
equivalent
.
Hence
it
was
,
that
to
make
it
the
more
apparent
,
in
the
said
third
Article
those
two
appellations
went
together
,
chiefly
because
the
Danes
pretended
the
word
Enemy
must
therefore
be
added
,
lest
other
States
might
thence
apprehend
matter
of
dislike
or
suspition
.
But
indeed
the
Danes
,
who
in
their
own
Right
,
and
also
by
vertue
of
the
Agreement
at
Roskild
,
were
oblig'd
to
jovn
with
his
Majesty
of
Sweden
,
in
prohibiting
all
forreign
Fleets
from
the
Baltick
Sea
,
to
preserve
themselves
from
a
publique
guilt
of
violating
the
Peace
,
steer'd
a
quite
contrary
course
,
and
that
they
might
put
a
stop
upon
the
procedes
of
the
Swedes
successes
in
War
,
Which
to
accomplish
they
thought
a
fit
opportunity
presented
it self
in
the
debates
of
the
League
wherein
they
might
slyly
elude
and
change
that
absolute
Covenant
of
excluding
forreign
Fleets
from
the
Baltick
Sea
into
a
Conditionall
one
;
or
to
speak
plainly
,
to
defer
it
to
a
day
and
time
not
at
all
prefix'd
.
For
although
that
often
cited
third
Article
of
the
transaction
at
Roskild
doth
clearly
affirm
,
that
either
of
these
confederate
Kings
was
bound
,
not
onely
by
all
means
possible
to
hinder
the
passage
of
any
Forreign
Fleet
of
War
by
the
Sound
into
the
Baltick
Sea
,
but
also
that
no
other
Prince
besides
the
said
Kings
,
should
presume
to
furnish
or
use
any
Fleet
of
War
in
that
Sea
:
But
this
possibly
might
be
pass'd
by
,
had
they
not
abus'd
the
true
and
evident
meaning
,
with
forc'd
interpretations
.
For
whereas
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
did
plainly
demonstrate
;
that
that
added
condition
,
or
to
speak
truly
,
the
delaying
of
mutual
aid
was
needless
;
for
that
there
was
no
intent
to
involve
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
in
the
Wars
the
Swedes
then
had
in
hand
;
but
rather
the
promis'd
Assistance
was
onely
Naval
,
consisting
in
a
certain
definite
number
of
ships
sufficiently
appointed
,
which
the
Kingdom
of
Sweden
could
not
stand
in
need
of
,
neither
against
the
Muscovite
,
Pole
,
nor
Emperour
of
Germany
,
(
then
King
of
Hungary
and
Bohemia
)
forasmuch
as
none
of
these
were
powerful
at
Sea
;
and
that
the
League
had
reference
onely
to
those
,
who
being
no
neighbours
to
the
Baltick
Sea
,
should
attempt
to
infringe
the
just
Dominion
of
those
Kings
.
To
which
the
Danes
gave
this
answer
,
That
no
Forreigner
,
during
the
Swedes
Wars
with
the
Muscovite
,
Pole
,
or
the
House
of
Austria
of
the
Imperial
Line
,
would
dare
attempt
to
enter
those
Seas
with
any
Fleet
,
When
the
War
shall
be
ended
,
which
the
Swedes
have
now
in
hand
:
adding
further
diverse
sharp
speeches
,
which
would
be
too
long
here
to
relate
.
Now
forasmuch
as
that
Treaty
of
the
League
did
comprehend
matters
of
two
kindes
,
to
wit
,
the
Consequences
of
the
Agreement
at
Roskild
,
which
were
therefore
of
perpetual
Obligation
;
and
such
things
as
should
arise
from
that
particular
Convention
,
and
were
to
be
in
force
after
the
Peace
was
ratified
,
and
therefore
ought
to
be
restrained
to
a
time
certain
:
the
Swedish
Ambassadors
,
as
the
nature
and
condition
of
those
things
required
,
alwayes
carefully
observed
that
difference
in
their
Proposals
,
as
is
very
evident
from
the
twelfth
Article
.
But
the
Danes
,
who
thought
it
a
sufficient
discharge
of
their
duty
,
if
they
did
wilfully
pursue
their
own
method
,
though
they
were
often
advised
of
it
,
yet
in
the
fourth
,
fifth
,
and
tenth
Article
of
their
Proposal
,
made
mixture
and
confusion
of
all
things
;
intending
that
whatsoever
was
contained
in
the
Treaty
of
the
League
,
was
all
to
commence
from
the
Ratification
thereof
,
and
would
have
it
in
force
onely
for
the
twelve
Years
following
,
not
regarding
that
those
things
which
concern
the
defence
of
the
Dominion
in
the
Baltick
Sea
,
did
binde
them
to
a
perpetual
obligation
from
the
time
of
the
Peace
made
,
as
the
Covenants
themselves
held
it
forth
.
That
aid
also
,
which
was
to
be
supplied
by
either
Nation
,
for
the
excluding
of
Forreign
Fleets
of
War
out
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
as
was
the
tenor
of
the
Agreement
,
fell
under
the
same
confusion
.
For
it
was
in
all
things
couch'd
under
the
same
Qualifications
with
those
Supplies
,
which
by
vertue
of
the
League
to
ensue
,
to
wit
,
in
case
either
King
should
be
assailed
,
the
other
was
oblig'd
to
afford
onely
for
twelve
years
following
,
and
to
the
certain
number
often
ships
onely
.
Truly
,
it
seems
,
they
had
no
other
ground
herein
,
but
that
they
thought
the
Swedes
fit
to
be
deluded
with
such
open
Impostures
,
and
out
of
a
natural
hatred
to
the
Nation
,
esteemed
them
so
stupid
and
sottish
,
that
they
could
not
discover
their
Agreements
to
be
frustrated
and
avoided
by
devices
and
shifts
.
And
,
if
we
must
be
plain
,
it
appears
,
that
had
not
some
of
ours
been
too
credulous
,
and
trusted
too
much
to
the
ingenuity
of
the
Danes
,
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
had
not
perhaps
been
satisfied
with
that
Exposition
the
Danes
made
at
Roskild
,
nor
by
their
own
easiness
had
encourag'd
them
to
attempt
the
same
course
at
Coppenhagen
.
Therefore
when
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
observ'd
that
the
Danes
endeavoured
by
those
forc'd
limitations
utterly
to
evacuate
and
render
useless
the
ensuing
League
;
The
reason
of
producing
and
declaring
this
Treaty
at
Roskild
,
as
we
said
before
,
was
this
,
because
the
Danes
feigned
divers
complaints
and
grievances
,
accused
the
Swedes
of
opposing
and
violating
the
Peace
lately
concluded
,
made
a
sense
that
could
not
at
all
stand
with
the
Agreements
at
Roskild
,
and
quite
contrary
to
the
meaning
of
the
Commissioners
,
and
that
besides
some
things
were
mutually
promised
in
that
transaction
,
which
by
necessary
and
unavoidable
consequence
concluded
the
alteration
of
the
Agreements
at
Bromsebroe
in
many
places
.
To
put
a
timely
stop
upon
this
,
and
as
much
as
layes
in
the
power
of
humane
providence
,
utterly
to
extirpate
and
root
out
such
seeds
of
division
,
his
most
Serene
Majesty
of
Sweden
sent
Positive
Orders
to
those
Ambassadours
,
No
man
surely
,
unless
byassed
either
by
anger
or
malice
,
that
knows
the
condition
and
commerce
of
these
Northern
Kingdoms
,
can
perswade
himself
,
that
the
Swedes
,
who
at
that
time
might
have
acted
their
pleasure
upon
the
Danes
,
and
had
power
enough
to
put
Laws
on
their
enemies
,
were
so
blinded
as
to
make
their
condition
worse
then
it
was
formerly
,
especially
in
so
nice
a
point
at
Passeports
and
Certificates
are
,
the
form
,
right
,
and
validity
of
which
had
with
such
care
and
diligence
been
settled
at
Bromsebroe
.
You
will
scarcely
too
finde
any
,
unless
delighted
to
pick
Cavils
,
that
can
put
any
other
interpretation
upon
the
fourth
Article
of
the
transaction
at
Roskild
,
especially
these
words
in
the
beginning
;
All
and
every
Ship
of
Swethland
,
with
what
kinde
of
Merchandize
soever
they
carry
:
but
that
all
the
ships
of
Sweden
with
their
Merchandize
of
what
sort
soever
,
and
to
whom
soever
belonging
,
ought
to
pass
freely
,
and
without
paying
any
Customs
,
so
that
they
have
with
them
their
Pass-ports
,
with
the
names
of
the
Owners
in
them
,
if
he
well
consider
the
following
words
of
the
Article
.
Notwithstanding
standing
these
things
,
the
Danish
Commissioners
made
a
question
both
of
the
one
and
the
other
,
as
also
of
many
other
things
that
concern
the
concluding
of
the
Peace
;
and
had
the
confidence
to
defend
it
against
all
likelihood
of
truth
,
reason
,
the
credit
of
the
Records
,
and
their
knowledge
,
who
were
never
absent
at
that
transaction
at
Roskild
.
But
any
man
may
with
good
probability
affirm
,
It
would
be
too
large
a
story
,
to
relate
all
their
crafty
Devices
,
Pretences
,
Cavils
,
tedious
Diversions
and
Procrastinations
,
It
was
surely
tedious
enough
to
be
thus
born
in
hand
with
Treaties
,
but
most
tedious
and
offensive
,
that
the
Danes
sought
to
clear
themselves
of
the
causes
of
all
those
delayes
,
giving
out
not
onely
in
Coppenhagen
,
Thence
also
it
was
,
that
as
soon
as
the
Ambassadors
came
to
Coppenhagen
,
the
Danes
were
not
ashamed
to
accuse
the
Swedes
,
both
by
words
and
writing
of
not
keeping
the
Peace
,
and
renewed
the
same
Complaints
again
not
onely
to
them
,
but
to
his
Sacred
Royall
Majesty
of
Sweden
himself
by
Owen
Juul
at
Gothenburgh
,
and
that
contrary
to
all
reason
,
by
wresting
the
Conditions
to
their
own
advantage
,
directly
contrary
to
the
precise
words
and
tenor
of
the
Agreement
,
as
hereafter
shall
more
largely
be
discovered
,
Nor
doth
this
seem
to
be
done
without
some
crafty
intention
,
that
the
Danish
Commissioners
having
heard
that
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
did
often
alledge
the
authority
of
the
Protocol
,
And
this
did
not
a
little
encrease
our
suspicion
,
But
it
had
been
no
hard
matter
for
them
to
have
procur'd
the
like
sufficient
Commissions
(
which
were
the
very
foundation
and
essentiall
part
of
the
Treaties
)
when
the
Swede
supplied
them
with
the
forms
.
Nor
could
they
pretend
forgetfulness
,
who
had
been
so
often
put
in
minde
of
it
.
Nor
was
it
a
new
and
unusual
course
in
the
beginning
of
any
Treaty
to
exchange
such
Commissions
,
for
that
a
few
weeks
before
,
upon
the
first
meeting
about
the
League
,
the
same
ceremony
had
been
used
.
Out
of
all
which
,
as
it
is
easie
to
collect
what
the
Danes
were
working
in
their
mindes
,
so
it
shall
be
yet
more
clearly
discovered
by
a
Narrative
of
some
things
concerning
the
Declarative
and
Executive
Recess
.
But
before
we
descend
to
a
full
discourse
of
them
,
it
will
not
be
unfit
briefly
to
hint
,
how
the
Danes
carried
themselves
touching
the
satisfaction
they
promised
to
the
Duke
of
Holstein
Gottorp
.
Likewise
at
the
beginning
of
this
War
,
the
Danish
Souldiers
had
so
grieved
the
Subjects
of
the
forementioned
Duke
with
continuall
exactions
,
that
worse
could
scarce
have
been
expected
from
an
enemy
,
and
that
the
condition
of
the
most
Serene
Duke
was
worse
then
those
of
the
Nobility
,
who
by
reason
of
the
communion
of
Government
were
obnoxious
to
the
power
of
the
King
of
Denmark
.
Those
Territories
had
undergone
the
self-same
fate
in
the
Wars
,
which
Christian
the
Fourth
had
wag'd
first
with
Ferdinand
the
second
,
Emperor
of
Germany
,
and
afterward
with
the
King
of
Swedes
,
and
the
said
Duke
was
oppress'd
with
the
charge
of
a
War
,
which
he
had
neither
advis'd
,
nor
as
the
Union
of
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
with
the
Dukes
of
Sleswick
expresly
required
,
approved
,
and
that
onely
under
this
pretence
,
that
as
he
was
Duke
of
Sleswick
,
he
was
a
Vassall
of
Denmark
,
and
that
in
the
administration
thereof
,
as
also
of
the
Dutchy
of
Holstein
,
he
took
turns
with
the
Kings
of
Denmark
Hereto
may
be
added
,
that
Bille
General
of
Denmark
,
having
been
directed
to
that
purpose
by
Gersdorffe
high
Steward
of
the
Kingdom
,
contriv'd
plots
for
the
gaining
of
the
Dukes
Forts
,
and
thereby
seiz'd
the
strong
Rampire
of
Stapelholme
.
Therefore
when
the
Duke
found
by
sad
experience
,
that
it
was
his
lot
to
be
underservedly
embroyl'd
in
all
the
Wars
of
Denmark
,
and
that
,
although
he
was
possess'd
of
the
Dutchy
of
Sleswick
in
Franck
Fee
,
yet
he
was
made
a
common
prey
to
both
sides
,
he
bethought
himself
,
as
with
justice
he
might
,
how
to
quit
himself
of
the
burthen
of
that
Vassallage
,
and
communion
in
the
Government
of
the
Dutchies
;
and
not
onely
to
assert
his
right
to
the
moiety
of
the
Chapter
of
Sleswick
,
and
Jurisdiction
of
Swabsted
,
together
with
so
many
years
fruits
,
but
to
obtain
due
recompence
for
the
wrong
he
had
susteined
.
For
the
more
easie
effecting
whereof
,
his
Majesty
of
Sweden
being
thereto
oblig'd
both
by
the
bonds
of
bloud
and
alliance
,
as
also
for
that
he
had
suffered
much
from
the
Danes
out
of
the
hatred
they
bare
to
the
Swedes
,
offered
his
assistance
,
Nor
were
the
Swedish
Commissioners
wanting
in
that
charge
,
and
they
drew
the
whole
matter
to
this
head
,
that
the
Danish
Commissioners
consented
to
those
three
demands
;
to
wit
,
of
the
Jurisdiction
of
Swabsted
,
and
Chapter
of
Sleswick
,
whereof
they
had
claimed
the
one
half
in
their
own
Right
,
the
other
in
lieu
of
profits
received
,
unless
they
would
make
satisfaction
otherwise
;
likewise
concerning
the
discharging
him
from
the
burthen
of
Fealty
,
Indeed
it
cannot
be
denied
that
the
words
of
the
Article
are
generall
,
neither
is
the
satisfaction
restrein'd
to
those
four
demands
,
on
which
the
Swedish
Commissioners
did
insist
in
the
name
of
the
said
Duke
;
yet
since
the
Danes
in
the
presence
of
those
Mediatours
had
then
already
promis'd
the
three
former
,
which
might
not
be
put
in
writing
,
onely
because
the
Danes
were
alwayes
nosing
the
Swedes
with
the
narrowness
of
the
Dukes
Commission
,
it
was
scarely
possible
that
any
man
should
harbour
so
hard
a
thought
of
the
Danes
,
that
they
should
have
the
boldness
to
question
the
truth
of
those
things
,
which
had
been
done
and
declar'd
in
the
presence
of
so
many
witnesses
,
persons
beyond
all
exception
;
and
especially
when
the
King
of
Denmark
himself
had
given
manifest
hopes
to
the
Ambassadour
of
the
French
King
to
that
purpose
.
Yet
notwithstanding
as
soon
as
they
came
to
Coppenhagen
,
and
began
to
treat
about
satisfaction
with
the
delegates
of
Holstein
,
the
Danes
there
turn'd
faces
about
,
were
quite
of
another
minde
,
and
sometimes
by
denying
what
they
had
promised
at
Roskild
in
the
presence
of
those
Gentlemen
that
mediated
,
sometimes
by
seeking
out
new
shifts
and
refuges
,
suffered
the
whole
time
to
lapse
that
was
prefix'd
them
.
And
to
discover
themselves
the
more
,
they
intimated
to
Sir
Philip
Meadows
the
English
Envoy
Extraordinary
a
Protest
,
Monsieur
Hugo
Trelon
informed
his
Sacred
Royall
Majesty
of
Sweden
his
Ambassadours
at
Coppenhagen
.
A
thing
indeed
so
much
the
more
likely
,
in
that
they
made
use
of
Alfeld
to
compose
the
Holstein
Controversies
,
being
the
same
man
that
with
his
Colleges
of
his
own
name
had
used
all
his
endeavours
and
artifices
to
perswade
,
that
the
treaties
with
the
Swedes
might
be
brought
at
least
to
give
way
for
some
entry
for
their
Confederates
.
Hence
it
was
,
that
both
of
them
,
who
were
deputed
by
the
Danes
for
the
business
of
Holstein
,
instead
of
satisfaction
presumed
to
raise
menaces
against
the
most
Serene
Duke
,
spreading
abroad
that
the
Swedish
Army
would
not
be
there
for
ever
,
under
whose
countenance
he
might
impose
such
unjust
things
on
the
Danes
.
As
if
it
were
unjust
for
one
to
challenge
that
,
which
for
seventy
years
past
had
contrary
to
all
Law
and
Right
been
detein'd
from
him
;
or
to
shake
off
that
yoak
from
his
shoulders
,
which
without
the
least
fault
in
him
hath
involv'd
him
thrice
in
a
bloody
War
;
or
lastly
to
desire
reparation
for
the
loss
he
had
susteined
.
At
last
after
many
long
debates
,
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
told
the
Danes
to
their
faces
,
that
though
they
perform'd
every
thing
else
,
yet
if
they
did
not
this
too
,
the
Swedish
Army
should
not
march
away
,
by
which
means
that
controversie
was
laid
aside
,
though
neither
any
time
appointed
,
nor
those
things
gained
,
which
had
been
heretofore
promis'd
at
Roskild
,
And
this
by
the
way
.
When
therefore
,
as
we
said
before
,
the
Danes
being
perswaded
by
the
suggestions
of
others
,
had
fraudulently
and
maliciously
fram'd
a
form
of
the
League
,
and
given
sufficient
cause
to
break
up
the
Treasties
,
Letter
V.
was
taken
out
of
the
Articles
approv'd
by
the
Commissioners
of
each
Party
when
the
League
was
drawn
,
with
which
it
did
in
all
things
suit
,
as
is
sufficiently
evident
by
the
comparing
of
those
Articles
.
But
let
us
observe
the
carriage
of
the
Danes
herein
.
When
they
saw
themselves
cast
into
this
necessity
,
either
by
admitting
that
point
to
abandon
the
opportunity
,
by
which
under
some
pretence
and
colour
of
Right
they
might
quit
themselves
from
the
Agreement
at
Roskild
,
and
especially
from
the
obligation
of
the
Third
Article
;
or
else
by
abrupt
refusall
they
must
discover
their
purpose
hitherto
conceal'd
,
which
was
not
to
be
bound
to
a
perpetuall
observance
of
the
Treaty
at
Roskild
,
they
chose
the
safer
way
,
contending
that
the
Treaty
at
Roskild
as
to
this
point
was
clear
of
it self
,
and
needed
no
other
explication
;
and
that
they
did
stick
to
the
same
meaning
,
which
that
point
in
the
Swedish
Project
did
hold
forth
.
At
least
,
to
shun
the
suspicion
,
which
other
Nations
might
thence
apprehend
,
that
they
would
not
permit
that
that
Article
should
be
so
clearly
inserted
in
a
particular
Recess
,
as
also
they
alwayes
omitted
it
in
their
declarative
Project
.
Hence
it
being
obvious
to
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
,
what
a
viper
was
here
hatching
,
they
did
demonstrate
to
the
Danes
at
severall
meetings
,
how
necessary
and
behooffull
it
was
not
to
omit
that
Article
,
for
that
it
might
be
a
means
to
prevent
all
indirect
craft
,
which
might
be
working
in
future
times
by
the
various
interpretations
upon
that
third
point
of
the
Treaty
at
Roskild
:
however
that
it
was
absolutely
necessary
,
that
his
Majesty
of
Sweden
should
be
most
clearly
certified
of
the
Danes
sincerity
and
true
meaning
towards
him
;
neither
was
it
a
thing
new
and
unheard
os
in
matters
of
so
great
a
moment
,
that
though
they
seem
clearly
set
down
,
yet
they
should
have
the
most
plain
and
particular
explication
,
Wherefore
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
being
duly
mindfull
that
the
Danes
had
formerly
taken
the
boldness
to
disparage
the
Authority
of
the
Protocol
at
Roskild
,
reputing
it
onely
a
private
Writing
,
and
such
as
could
carry
no
plenary
proof
;
they
saw
there
was
little
force
and
security
in
that
concession
of
the
Danes
,
yea
no
more
,
then
was
in
their
bare
verbal
Declaration
.
For
it
was
to
be
fear'd
,
that
they
would
hereafter
,
as
formerly
,
deny
that
that
Annotation
was
made
in
the
Protocol
by
their
consent
and
privity
,
chiefly
,
because
there
was
none
present
of
their
party
that
was
appointed
to
perfect
the
Protocol
,
The
Swedish
Commissioners
had
just
cause
to
wonder
at
this
had
they
not
made
sufficient
proof
before
that
the
Danes
dealt
'
not
clearly
in
this
Treaty
,
and
that
their
words
and
thoughts
were
far
different
:
yet
they
could
never
have
had
imagined
,
that
the
Danes
should
have
the
boldness
publiquely
to
utter
that
which
hitherto
by
reason
of
the
apparent
foulnesS
thereof
they
had
sought
to
palliate
and
dissemble
by
so
many
far-fetch'd
colours
and
glosses
.
For
,
as
we
have
above-noted
,
the
Danish
Commissioners
had
formerly
affirm'd
in
precise
words
,
Besides
,
to
speak
the
truth
,
as
the
right
of
Convoying
hath
its
original
from
the
right
of
the
Superiority
of
the
Territories
,
and
no
one
ought
justly
to
convoy
any
one
through
the
territories
of
another
;
so
no
one
can
justly
exercise
that
Right
in
the
Baitick
Sea
,
which
hath
been
by
general
consent
of
all
the
Borderers
on
that
Sea
,
time
out
of
minde
,
And
how
,
pray
,
is
it
possible
,
that
any
one
should
assist
another
,
who
is
an
enemy
to
either
one
of
these
Kings
,
and
not
be
accounted
an
enemy
in
doing
it
?
Or
who
yet
ever
grew
to
that
height
of
madness
,
to
say
,
that
any
thing
was
altered
,
because
it
is
declar'd
in
more
words
the
better
to
explain
it
?
Surely
the
Danes
were
possess'd
with
a
new
principle
of
Religion
,
that
they
could
not
with
safety
of
conscience
put
an
interpretation
on
that
now
,
which
a
few
dayes
ago
they
presum'd
wholly
to
deny
,
or
at
least
to
lessen
much
.
Yet
at
last
they
came
thus
near
the
mark
,
that
a
Forreign
Fleet
of
War
should
be
prohibitted
from
coming
into
the
Baltick
Sea
,
but
that
passage
should
not
be
denied
to
so
many
ships
of
War
as
did
not
make
up
a
Fleet
,
which
are
sent
to
transport
Ambassadours
,
or
do
any
offices
of
the
like
nature
.
When
therefore
they
had
shew'd
the
Danes
at
large
,
Joachim
Gersdorff
,
In
the
mean
time
whilst
these
things
are
in
agitation
at
Coppenhagen
,
Owen
Juul
the
Danish
Ambassador
,
and
after
that
Count
Wrangell
high
Admiral
of
the
Kingdom
declar'd
it
again
in
discourse
with
Vlrick
Christian
Gyldenlowe
Lieutenant
General
of
the
Horse
to
the
King
of
Denmark
,
in
these
express
words
,
At
last
to
avoid
their
making
ready
a
Fleet
,
the
Danish
Commissioners
said
,
There
was
as
sharp
a
dispute
too
about
the
Island
Ween
;
A.
A.
as
the
Relation
of
the
Lords
Commissioners
in
Schonen
unfolds
it
at
large
,
Letter
B.B.
For
this
reason
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
then
Resident
at
Coppenhagen
did
at
large
,
and
with
much
pains
,
demonstrate
the
injustice
of
that
action
in
the
King
of
Denmark
,
and
that
the
Island
Ween
belong'd
to
Schonen
.
For
it
is
a
firm
and
undoubted
Law
among
the
more
civiliz'd
Nations
,
Besides
,
the
Island
of
Ween
was
still
liable
to
the
same
fortune
with
Schonen
,
not
onely
then
,
when
it
was
given
in
pawn
to
the
Counts
of
Holstein
,
and
afterwards
redeemed
by
the
Swedes
,
and
united
to
that
Kingdom
by
the
Danes
consent
,
Letter
C.C.D.D.
but
also
when
it
was
restored
again
to
Denmark
by
the
King
Magnus
Smech
.
Thirdly
,
if
we
give
any
credit
to
the
Northern
Historians
,
it
is
manifest
enough
that
the
ancient
bounds
of
the
Swedes
and
Gothes
reach'd
to
the
middle
of
the
Sound
.
And
upon
this
ground
he
challeng'd
Ween
as
belonging
to
Schonen
,
in
as
much
as
there
must
be
some
reason
for
the
determined
middle
of
that
Sea
.
Yea
Arnold
Huithfeld
and
Isaack
Pontanus
do
not
deny
that
the
ancient
limits
of
Sweden
and
Schonen
were
agreed
upon
to
be
in
the
very
Channell
of
the
Sound
,
as
their
words
taken
out
of
the
publique
Instruments
have
it
,
Letter
E.E.
The
credit
of
these
men
no
Dane
will
dare
to
question
,
Holstein
,
Ween
was
subject
to
the
Diocess
of
Lunden
,
and
received
Laws
and
Commands
from
the
Archbishop
there
,
under
the
quality
of
Bishop
of
Schonen
.
Hence
it
is
no
wonder
,
that
in
all
the
alienations
it
went
constantly
with
Schonen
,
as
we
said
before
.
Yet
suppose
that
Ween
did
not
at
first
belong
to
Schonen
,
yet
it
cannot
be
dnied
,
that
at
that
time
when
it
was
pawn'd
and
redeem'd
,
it
was
added
to
Schonen
under
the
King
Magnus
Smech
,
and
made
parcell
of
it
.
Fourthly
,
The
Letters
of
the
grant
of
Schonen
,
F
F.
do
in
plain
words
affirm
,
that
Schonen
was
granted
to
the
King
and
Kingdom
of
Sweden
,
with
all
the
Appurtenances
that
either
now
belong
or
ever
heretofore
have
belonged
to
it
.
But
the
Island
of
Ween
did
,
as
to
its
secular
Jurisdiction
,
not
onely
at
the
time
of
the
Grant
(
as
the
Constitution
of
Christian
the
Fourth
,
Letter
GG
.
HH
.
written
in
the
Book
of
Records
of
Schonen
,
and
the
avoiding
or
revocation
of
it
,
Huithfeld
,
Pontanus
,
and
very
many
others
plainly
affirm
.
Fifthly
,
It
can
scarcely
be
denied
,
but
that
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Sweden
did
at
least
propose
that
to
himself
by
the
late
Agreement
,
to
restore
to
his
own
Countrey
of
Sweden
,
together
with
Schonen
,
whatsoever
had
been
formerly
with
Schonen
taken
away
from
Sweden
;
especially
that
the
ancient
Bounds
of
Sweden
,
which
were
in
the
middle
of
the
Sound
,
should
revert
to
him
again
.
Sixthly
,
It
is
an
Argument
that
the
King
of
Denmark
was
willing
for
satisfaction
to
grant
to
his
most
Serene
Majesty
of
Sweden
,
all
that
formerly
with
Schonen
had
been
wrested
from
Sweden
,
in
as
much
as
when
he
granted
away
many
other
Provinces
to
Sweden
,
yet
he
reserv'd
not
in
express
words
the
Island
of
Ween
to
himself
and
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
.
Besides
,
the
Author
of
the
Book
written
in
the
Danish
Language
,
and
entituled
,
Danmarcts
oc
Norgis
fructbar
Herlighed
,
or
The
fruitful
Dominion
of
Denmark
and
Norway
,
doth
plainly
confess
,
that
Ween
doth
properly
belong
to
Schonen
,
unless
by
special
Priviledge
and
Grant
from
the
King
,
something
be
constituted
to
the
contrary
.
The
Danish
Commissioners
were
not
a
little
emploied
to
put
a
face
of
Justice
upon
their
denial
of
it
;
But
now
as
to
what
concerns
the
first
Argument
,
Saltholm
,
Anholt
,
Lessow
,
Bornholm
,
&c.
together
with
Schonen
,
Halland
,
and
Blecking
,
but
without
that
clause
,
With
all
the
Appurtenances
,
which
the
Swedish
Commissioners
therefore
counted
superfluous
,
because
at
that
time
they
were
perswaded
,
that
all
the
Appurtenances
of
those
provinces
were
reckoned
in
those
Islands
,
by
reason
they
did
not
exactly
know
whether
Saltholm
did
not
belong
to
Schonen
as
well
as
Ween
,
and
were
in
a
doubt
whether
Anholt
and
Lessow
were
parts
of
Halland
.
But
when
afterwards
it
appear'd
very
certainly
to
them
,
that
Ween
was
part
of
Schonen
,
and
that
it
was
to
be
fear'd
that
there
were
yet
more
Islands
appertenant
to
it
,
whose
names
they
knew
not
,
the
Swedish
Commissioners
thought
it
not
so
necessary
to
express
any
Islands
specifically
at
Tostrup
and
Roskild
,
but
rather
to
comprehend
them
all
in
that
generall
clause
,
with
all
the
Appurtenances
,
lest
by
naming
more
Islands
,
they
should
prejudice
themselves
in
others
belonging
to
the
Provinces
that
were
to
be
surrendred
,
the
names
of
which
at
that
time
they
were
not
acquainted
with
;
and
give
the
Danes
an
occasion
by
inserting
of
one
to
collect
that
the
other
was
excluded
,
and
upon
that
ground
to
deny
that
Hitteroon
,
and
other
such
like
Islands
,
do
belong
to
the
Coasts
of
Trundheim
,
because
they
were
not
expresly
named
.
Besides
,
it
being
supposed
,
that
at
that
time
,
to
wit
,
in
the
first
Project
,
(
though
there
was
never
any
such
thing
)
Ween
was
demanded
as
a
thing
apart
and
separate
from
Sealand
,
yet
you
cannot
thence
infer
,
that
it
is
not
comprehended
under
the
generall
clause
of
Appertenances
;
if
we
can
,
as
it
may
be
easily
done
,
make
out
that
it
either
doth
at
this
time
belong
to
Schonen
,
or
formerly
did
belong
to
it
.
Thirdly
,
it
is
a
common
Maxime
.
That
a
superfluous
clause
doth
neither
good
nor
hurt
.
Laftly
,
no
man
can
without
manifest
injury
to
the
truth
affirm
,
that
the
Danes
did
expresly
reserve
the
Island
Ween
to
themselves
,
in
that
they
made
Answer
to
the
first
Project
,
that
they
could
not
agree
to
that
satisfaction
,
in
which
Ween
was
expresly
named
,
because
at
that
very
same
time
they
would
not
agree
to
give
Bornholm
,
and
the
Dominion
of
Bahuse
and
Trundheim
in
satisfaction
,
which
Provinces
and
Dominions
nevertheless
they
afterward
granted
together
with
Schonen
,
Halland
and
Blecking
with
all
their
appertenances
.
The
other
Argument
of
the
first
Classe
,
to
wit
,
that
the
most
Serene
his
Majesty
of
Sweden
did
not
demand
the
Island
Ween
,
Owen
Juul
Ambassadour
of
his
Majesty
of
Denmark
at
Gottenburgh
.
For
to
have
made
mention
of
this
before
,
had
been
altogether
unseasonable
,
and
to
no
more
purpose
,
then
if
we
should
treat
about
the
right
of
Sweden
,
to
some
Islands
of
Norway
that
are
granted
to
it
;
before
the
Inhabitants
thereof
or
any
other
should
start
any
doubt
about
it
.
Lastly
his
most
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Sweden
could
not
destroy
his
right
,
in
that
he
did
not
presently
at
the
very
beginning
take
possession
of
the
Island
;
for
it
is
sufficient
in
Law
,
if
any
one
upon
better
information
of
what
his
right
is
then
before
he
had
,
shall
challenge
it
before
the
time
of
the
enjoyment
of
it
be
ended
.
As
if
in
case
it
had
hapned
,
that
in
the
grant
of
the
Dominions
of
Trundheim
and
Bahuse
some
of
the
Appertenances
thereunto
had
been
conceal'd
by
the
Danes
,
which
the
Swedish
Ministers
and
Commissioners
being
not
very
well
skill'd
in
those
places
,
had
not
presently
demanded
,
this
would
not
at
all
hinder
,
but
that
they
in
process
of
time
being
better
inform'd
of
the
places
belonging
to
it
,
and
instructed
with
fit
instruments
,
might
claim
that
to
themselves
which
had
formerly
been
fraudulently
concealed
.
Because
the
fraud
of
the
Concealer
doth
in
no
wise
dammage
the
appurtenances
of
him
that
deals
justly
,
nor
hinder
him
upon
better
informastion
of
what
is
his
right
,
from
demanding
those
things
which
were
given
him
by
Grant
.
And
thus
much
for
the
Arguments
of
the
first
Classe
.
For
as
to
what
concerns
the
latter
,
which
should
prove
that
Ween
is
a
part
of
Sealand
,
this
is
the
first
,
The
second
Argument
of
the
Danes
is
,
The
third
Argument
,
But
as
to
the
former
,
that
that
subjection
of
those
of
Ween
,
to
wit
,
the
holding
of
their
Land
by
Villanage
,
is
a
thing
peculiar
onely
to
Sealand
of
all
the
Danish
provinces
;
and
that
Sealand
with
the
places
appertinent
to
it
,
is
as
it
were
specifically
distinguish'd
from
all
the
other
Territories
of
Denmark
,
we
know
not
whether
it
deserves
better
indignation
or
laughter
.
For
if
it
be
a
shame
for
a
Citizen
to
be
ignorant
of
the
Laws
of
his
Countrey
,
we
can
scarce
finde
how
the
Danish
Commissioners
should
acquit
themfelves
of
a
foul
fault
,
who
are
not
asham'd
to
declare
those
things
upon
a
Publique
account
,
which
the
meanest
of
the
Commonalty
know
to
be
most
false
.
Are
not
those
of
Laland
Tenants
also
by
Villenage
,
in
so
much
that
the
very
Clergy
were
heretofore
subject
to
that
burthen
,
as
Stephanius
in
his
History
of
Christian
the
Third
plainly
confesseth
;
not
a
little
decrying
the
King
,
for
that
he
discharg'd
them
of
that
service
.
But
what
shall
we
say
of
Amack
,
where
the
people
are
not
bound
to
Villenage
,
but
free
Denizons
?
For
either
this
must
be
no
longer
part
of
Sealand
,
or
Laland
must
be
appertinent
to
Sealand
;
neither
of
which
the
Danes
either
can
or
will
acknowledge
.
But
it
becomes
him
,
who
hath
once
abandoned
shame
,
to
be
impudent
with
a
mischief
,
especially
where
those
that
baulk
the
truth
may
hope
for
a
reward
.
Their
last
reason
was
fetch'd
from
Authorities
,
Atlas
major
Joannis
Janssonii
de
Anno
1664.
and
we
shall
perceive
how
dim-sighted
the
Danes
were
in
citing
him
.
For
he
in
his
description
of
Denmark
affirms
,
that
Jutland
is
divided
into
Northern
and
Southern
,
of
which
the
latter
hath
anciently
been
call'd
Nordalbingen
,
and
containeth
the
Dukedom
of
Sleswick
,
to
which
also
Holstein
is
subject
.
But
who
is
so
ignorant
of
these
places
,
as
not
to
discern
this
to
be
most
grosly
false
,
forasmuch
as
Holstein
is
no
part
of
Denmark
,
nor
in
specie
of
the
Dukedom
of
Sleswick
,
but
a
part
of
Germany
and
feudary
to
the
Roman
Empire
,
and
is
held
of
the
King
of
Denmark
onely
under
the
title
of
Duke
.
Nor
is
that
a
small
errour
,
that
he
reckons
Store
a
River
of
Holstein
amongst
the
Rivers
of
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
.
Thirdly
,
having
spoken
of
the
Sound
,
he
addes
this
,
that
even
there
,
to
wit
,
near
that
Strait
,
Roskild
is
scituated
;
manifestly
contrary
to
the
truth
,
since
that
City
lies
about
eight
German
miles
distant
from
thence
.
Fourthly
,
discoursing
of
the
Islands
adjacent
to
Sealand
,
he
affirms
that
Monen
contains
Stege
,
and
other
Cities
,
where
as
there
is
no
other
City
there
to
be
found
.
Fifthly
,
he
affirms
that
Schonen
hath
been
usually
divided
into
two
Dutchies
,
Halland
and
Blecking
,
a
thing
which
the
Danes
themselves
will
acknowledge
to
be
false
.
Sixthly
,
concerning
the
present
and
modern
Estate
he
affirms
,
that
in
Lunden
of
Schonen
is
an
Archbishops
Sea
,
whereas
it
is
onely
a
Bishoprick
and
no
more
.
Seventhly
,
which
is
a
most
notorious
dotage
in
him
,
or
rather
sottishness
,
he
makes
Malmoe
,
usually
called
by
the
Flemmings
Elmbegn
,
to
be
two
Towns
,
which
is
onely
one
Town
with
two
names
.
Just
as
if
a
man
should
affirm
,
that
Gedanum
were
a
Town
different
from
Dantzick
,
Sedin
from
Stetin
,
Regiomont
from
Konigsberg
,
and
Bigosce
from
Bromberg
.
Eightly
,
he
makes
Halland
and
Blecking
to
be
appertinent
to
Schonen
,
which
are
Provinces
independent
,
though
in
matters
Ecclesiastical
subject
to
one
Bishop
.
Ninthly
,
he
sets
down
the
Islands
Sando
,
Hanno
,
and
Bornholm
,
belonging
to
Schonen
,
of
which
the
latter
is
a
distinct
Province
of
it self
,
seated
under
the
Diocess
of
Lunden
.
Tenthly
,
in
his
description
of
Jutland
,
Letter
AA
.
That
French
Book
is
much
alike
too
,
that
is
entituled
,
Description
General
d'
Europe
Quatriesme
parte
du
Monde
,
par
Pierre
d'
Avity
,
inprimĆØ
Ć
Paris
Anno
,
1643.
in
fol.
For
he
in
that
description
of
his
,
cites
in
the
Margent
those
very
same
Authors
,
which
Janssonius
in
his
Atlas
puts
down
that
he
made
use
of
,
and
therefore
deserves
no
greater
credit
then
the
other
.
But
,
to
pass
over
those
errors
,
which
he
commits
very
often
in
his
description
of
Schonen
,
by
imitating
the
Atlas
,
what
ever
concerns
this
business
,
makes
Ween
no
more
a
part
of
Sealand
,
then
Langland
,
Laland
,
Falstre
,
Alsen
,
Aroe
,
&c.
parts
of
Fuhnen
.
Nor
in
this
case
is
the
other
French
Book
of
any
weight
,
entituled
,
Les
Empires
,
Royaumes
,
Estats
,
Seigneries
,
&c.
par
le
Sieur
D
V.
J.
Y.
inprimĆØ
Ć
S.
Omer
,
1614.
in
quarto
.
For
it
is
not
onely
stuff'd
with
the
Errors
that
are
in
the
Atlas
,
but
hath
so
many
more
besides
that
any
one
may
easily
see
he
was
a
faithful
Collector
of
others
too
.
Lewis
Gothofred
in
his
Archontologia
Cosmica
,
and
Martin
Zeiler
in
his
Description
of
Denmark
,
run
into
the
same
error
;
the
latter
of
which
,
having
no
foundation
to
go
on
,
fails
most
grosly
,
not
onely
in
counting
Hallands-As
,
a
montanous
wood
of
that
name
,
amongst
the
Maritine
Towns
of
Halland
;
but
also
in
putting
Trelleburgh
Usted
,
Santhammer
,
Ahuse
,
Sylfsburg
,
&c.
amongst
the
Maritines
Cities
of
Blecking
;
when
as
indeed
onely
that
,
he
set
last
,
belongs
to
that
place
,
all
the
rest
being
adjacent
to
Schonen
.
As
to
what
concerns
Heylin's
Cosmography
in
English
,
that
saith
indeed
that
the
Island
Ween
,
amongst
other
Provinces
,
is
subject
to
the
Government
of
Sealand
:
but
by
that
word
Government
,
he
understands
onely
Ecclesiastical
Jurisdiction
;
as
he
writes
that
Laland
,
Langland
,
Falstre
,
Arroe
,
&c.
are
subject
to
the
Government
of
Fuhnen
,
because
the
Bishop
of
Odensea
,
as
to
matters
Spiritual
,
governs
there
;
but
for
what
belongs
to
secular
Jurisdiction
,
by
the
Danes
own
confession
,
it
hath
dependance
upon
no
other
;
and
the
Author
himself
affirms
,
that
Alsen
and
Arroe
are
parts
of
the
Dukedom
of
Sleswick
.
But
though
that
English
Historian
stumbled
not
at
this
stone
,
yet
to
pass
by
other
things
,
he
betrayes
his
ignorance
in
the
Affairs
of
these
Northern
parts
,
in
that
be
saith
,
that
the
Island
of
Bornholm
was
so
called
from
a
City
of
the
same
name
;
a
place
which
no
man
yet
could
ever
finde
there
.
The
Rere
was
brought
up
by
two
Danish
Books
,
of
which
the
former
cited
before
,
entituled
,
Danmarcts
oc
Norgis
fructbar
Herlighed
,
the
other
Encomium
Daniae
;
but
they
had
better
have
pass'd
them
by
,
unless
it
had
made
more
for
the
honour
of
their
Nation
.
For
the
former
in
this
takes
the
Swedes
part
,
and
writes
in
express
words
,
that
Ween
,
as
to
the
secular
Jurisdiction
,
belongs
to
Schonen
,
unless
the
King
in
favour
to
one
or
other
constitutes
something
to
the
contrary
:
and
the
other
makes
Ween
to
be
in
the
Bishoprick
of
Sealand
,
which
,
as
it
makes
not
for
the
Danes
,
so
the
Swedes
do
not
deny
it
.
These
are
the
Arguments
which
the
Danes
would
have
prove
that
Ween
doth
belong
to
Sealand
,
which
we
have
here
laid
down
,
that
the
World
may
see
with
what
strength
and
resoluteness
they
maintain
their
Cause
.
Notwithstanding
the
Danish
Commissioners
were
thus
worsted
,
they
were
not
disencouraged
,
but
brought
their
whole
strength
and
force
to
overthrow
the
Swedes
Arguments
,
by
excepting
to
the
first
;
That
which
they
excepted
against
the
second
argument
,
in
specie
,
and
by
it self
,
and
sometimes
too
hath
been
under
the
subjection
of
the
Swedes
,
when
Schonen
at
the
same
time
hath
paid
Allegiance
to
Denmark
;
the
latter
of
which
,
the
body
of
the
Law
of
Sweden
doth
clearly
witness
.
Now
grant
it
be
so
,
yet
the
case
of
Halland
and
Blecking
is
far
different
from
this
,
for
they
are
independent
Provinces
,
and
were
never
alienated
as
parts
of
another
,
as
Ween
was
.
Nay
,
though
you
should
reply
,
that
Ween
was
so
alienated
with
Schonen
,
and
not
as
an
appertinent
to
it
,
in
regard
Ween
is
specifically
and
by
name
express'd
in
the
publique
Instrument
,
made
in
the
time
of
King
Magnus
,
concerning
the
surrendry
of
Schonen
,
yet
it
will
not
at
all
advantage
you
:
Insomuch
as
in
the
very
same
Instrument
Lystre
is
also
named
specifically
,
which
nevertheless
without
all
controversie
,
and
by
the
assent
of
the
Danes
themselves
was
a
part
of
Blecking
,
and
now
surrendred
to
Sweden
with
Blecking
.
And
that
naming
of
them
in
particular
was
onely
for
the
greater
caution
,
and
more
then
necessary
,
which
kinde
of
Clauses
whether
they
be
put
in
or
left
out
do
no
harm
.
Happily
these
two
places
were
therefore
specially
named
,
because
at
that
time
Lystre
was
the
most
considerable
Port
of
Blecking
,
and
Ween
defended
the
Port
of
Landscron
.
Theresore
when
this
way
would
not
take
,
the
Danish
Commissioners
tried
another
,
Nay
,
the
perverseness
and
wilfulness
of
the
Danes
reach'd
into
Norway
,
and
the
very
borders
of
the
North.
It
will
be
worth
while
,
to
observe
here
a
little
at
large
the
horrible
villany
of
the
Danes
,
that
shew'd
it self
in
this
business
.
For
when
the
question
at
Roskild
about
the
surrendry
of
the
Jurisdiction
of
Trundheim
in
satisfaction
to
the
Swedes
,
was
,
what
ought
to
come
under
that
denomination
,
both
sides
at
last
agreed
on
this
,
That
by
the
Jurisdiction
of
Trundheim
,
all
that
is
understood
to
be
granted
to
the
Swedes
,
that
belongs
to
the
Bishoprick
of
Trundheim
,
unless
what
expresly
belongs
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
Norland
specifically
so
called
,
and
Wardhuse
,
as
the
words
of
the
Swedish
Protocol
have
it
.
And
to
avoid
all
doubts
,
that
might
be
raised
on
this
business
,
one
of
the
Swedish
Ministers
dictated
the
very
same
words
to
the
Danish
Registers
pen.
But
when
the
Swedish
Ambassadors
being
led
upon
good
and
weighty
grounds
,
and
taking
especial
notice
of
the
controversie
that
was
rais'd
about
Rumsdhall
,
would
insert
in
writing
that
peculiar
Article
concerning
the
appertinances
of
the
Jurisdiction
of
Trundheim
,
in
a
declarative
Recess
,
Letter
OO
,
The
Swedish
Ambassadours
were
not
a
little
moved
with
that
answer
,
and
the
rather
in
that
Gersdorf
High
Steward
of
the
Kingdom
and
others
,
which
were
present
at
the
Treaties
at
Roskild
,
did
both
know
and
confess
that
those
were
the
formal
words
,
which
were
made
use
of
.
Hence
to
clear
themselves
of
foul
dealing
,
they
desired
a
Copy
of
the
Danish
Protocol
,
making
no
question
but
they
should
finde
the
same
words
there
.
Besides
,
Cornelius
Lerck
went
to
one
of
the
Ambassadors
,
who
had
been
Register
at
Roskild
,
and
after
discoursing
several
things
about
this
business
,
said
,
that
he
did
not
remember
,
that
it
was
concluded
at
Roskild
,
that
all
that
which
appertains
to
the
Bishoprick
of
Trundheim
,
excepting
that
,
which
belongs
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
Norland
specifically
so
called
,
and
Wardhuse
,
was
granted
with
the
Jurisdiction
of
Trundheim
.
But
after
when
the
Ambassador
opened
the
Protocol
,
he
found
these
words
written
:
By
the
Jurisdiction
of
Trundheim
,
all
those
things
are
understood
to
be
granted
,
which
appertain
to
that
Jurisdiction
,
from
which
notwithstanding
those
are
expresly
excepted
,
that
belong
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
Norland
and
Wardhuse
.
Where
a
childe
may
perceive
a
notorious
tautologie
,
and
so
a
great
fault
,
unless
one
will
make
his
business
to
be
understandingly
mad
.
For
,
pray
,
what
kinde
of
explication
would
that
be
:
By
the
Jurisdiction
of
Trundheim
is
understood
all
that
,
which
appertains
to
that
Jurisdiction
:
truly
,
a
very
silly
one
,
or
rather
none
at
all
;
or
how
can
the
Jurisdiction
of
Norland
and
Wardhuse
be
excepted
from
Trundheim
,
which
never
yet
were
comprehended
under
it
?
Whence
it
must
necessarily
follow
,
that
the
Bishoprick
of
Trundheim
was
mentioned
,
in
that
those
two
before-named
Jurisdictions
,
excepted
from
the
Grant
,
are
subject
to
that
Bishoprick
.
But
by
whose
negligence
or
falseness
it
was
,
that
in
the
place
of
Bishoprick
,
the
word
Jurisdiction
was
put
into
the
Danish
Protocol
,
is
not
proper
now
to
enquire
.
But
what
ever
this
be
,
though
in
the
mean
time
,
to
wit
,
in
July
there
was
newes
come
,
that
the
Lordship
of
Rumsdhall
was
delivered
up
to
the
Swedes
Deputies
;
yet
the
Danes
did
not
relish
it
well
,
that
the
Swedes
Ambassadors
should
,
as
we
said
before
,
put
in
writing
the
Article
concerning
the
appertenances
of
the
Jurisdiction
of
Trundheim
;
and
that
for
no
other
reason
,
but
that
they
might
have
hereafter
an
occasion
to
complain
,
either
that
that
Jurisdiction
was
granted
by
mistake
,
or
wrested
away
by
violence
.
As
it
fell
out
in
the
case
of
those
two
Parishes
Idre
and
Jerne
,
into
the
possession
of
which
the
Danes
put
the
Swedes
;
as
also
of
Jempterland
and
Herndahlen
after
the
Peace
in
the
Year
1645
,
and
yet
they
were
not
ashamed
lately
to
alledge
,
the
injustice
of
taking
them
away
as
the
cause
of
their
War
.
You
may
easily
collect
,
that
we
were
to
expect
the
same
dealing
in
this
too
,
from
the
words
of
Jonas
Juul
Envoy
of
the
King
of
Denmark
into
Poland
,
spoken
at
Berlin
,
where
he
did
confidently
assert
,
that
the
Danes
might
easily
take
an
advantage
from
the
controversie
about
Rumsdhall
,
to
make
a
new
War
upon
the
Swedes
.
But
we
must
proceed
to
grosser
matters
yet
.
For
if
ever
there
were
any
thing
,
For
though
by
the
fourth
Article
of
the
Transaction
at
Roskild
it
was
agreed
,
that
all
the
ships
properly
belonging
to
the
Subjects
of
the
Kingdom
of
Sweden
,
in
what
place
soever
they
live
,
Sea
Brieff
,
which
use
to
mention
the
Owner
of
the
ships
,
ought
to
remain
free
with
all
the
Lading
in
them
from
all
Custom
,
Inquisition
,
Search
,
and
other
such
kinde
of
troubles
;
they
,
which
were
the
King
of
Denmarks
Commissioners
of
the
Customes
in
the
Sound
at
Helsingore
took
no
notice
of
it
at
all
,
but
not
onely
exacted
Customs
of
the
ships
belonging
to
Stetin
and
Stralsund
,
and
of
other
Merchandize
properly
belonging
to
the
Subjects
of
the
Kingdom
of
Sweden
in
Pomerania
and
Liefland
,
but
detained
some
of
those
ships
for
some
dayes
time
;
insomuch
that
onely
in
the
moneth
of
May
,
as
is
well
known
,
they
broke
this
Priviledge
eight
times
.
Nay
,
the
Danes
were
not
asham'd
to
exact
Customs
of
the
Wines
that
were
allotted
for
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Swedens
Court
,
and
his
chief
Ministers
,
as
appears
to
have
been
done
on
the
16.
day
of
May
at
Helsingore
.
All
which
for
brevity
sake
we
will
adde
in
their
order
to
this
work
,
Letter
PP
.
But
when
the
Ministers
of
Sweden
objected
to
the
Commissioners
of
the
Danish
Customs
,
that
they
had
violated
their
Agreements
;
they
answered
,
that
they
knew
no
other
Agreements
but
those
of
Bromsebroe
;
nor
had
they
received
any
command
to
let
the
Swedish
ships
pass
upon
any
other
terms
then
formerly
.
Which
excuse
,
as
they
had
often
at
other
times
made
,
they
had
the
confidence
to
make
yet
again
on
the
sixth
day
of
July
;
to
be
silent
of
other
breaches
of
the
Articles
of
Bromsebroe
,
confirm'd
at
Roskild
,
which
they
committed
in
this
business
lately
after
the
Peace
was
made
.
Indeed
they
made
restitution
of
some
of
those
things
,
they
had
wrongfully
extorted
,
Peter
Reetze
,
a
Senator
of
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
,
In
the
eleventh
Article
of
the
Transaction
at
Roskild
,
they
promise
a
restitution
of
those
three
Swedish
ships
,
and
of
all
the
goods
,
with
which
they
came
laden
from
Portugal
,
which
were
taken
and
detained
,
Indeed
the
Swedish
Ambassadors
urged
the
restitution
of
them
that
very
time
,
when
two
of
those
ships
road
at
anchor
in
the
Baltick
sea
not
far
from
Newburgh
in
Fuhnen
,
by
reason
that
Count
Wrangell
high
Admiral
of
the
Kingdom
,
had
upon
those
coasts
mariners
in
readiness
,
and
such
things
as
were
necessary
to
repair
the
ships
;
but
they
could
not
prevail
with
them
,
till
they
were
first
brought
to
Coppenhagen
,
where
after
many
delayes
they
at
last
delivered
them
to
a
Swedish
Captain
,
but
in
such
a
condition
,
that
they
could
not
stir
from
the
Port
of
Coppenhagen
for
want
of
things
necessary
for
shipping
before
the
end
of
June
.
But
as
for
the
merchandize
and
other
goods
which
yet
remained
in
their
hands
,
in
regard
they
could
not
restore
them
by
reason
of
the
scarcity
of
salt
,
and
the
other
things
,
they
made
this
agreement
,
that
they
should
pay
in
lieu
of
them
23000.
Rixdollars
,
17000
of
which
should
be
paid
at
Hamburgh
,
the
other
at
Coppenhagen
to
one
of
the
Ambassadours
,
which
his
Majesty
should
especially
authorize
to
that
purpose
.
Marsell
and
Klingeberg
took
the
business
upon
them
,
both
Merchants
and
Councellors
to
the
King
of
Denmark
,
the
one
as
to
his
Mines
,
the
other
to
his
Admiralty
,
yet
so
as
that
they
promised
by
Bills
obligatory
to
pay
the
money
,
as
if
it
were
their
own
proper
debt
.
And
for
their
sakes
it
was
,
that
the
payment
of
those
moneys
,
which
was
to
have
been
made
before
the
first
of
May
,
if
the
Swedes
would
have
stood
upon
the
strictness
of
it
,
was
deferred
till
a
certain
limited
time
.
The
first
payment
was
fairly
carried
,
and
the
6000.
Dollars
paid
at
Coppenhagen
;
but
as
soon
as
the
Letters
of
Exchange
according
to
their
Agreement
were
tendred
at
Hamburgh
,
Klingeberg
began
to
put
them
off
with
delayes
,
and
would
not
accept
them
,
till
he
had
received
further
intelligence
,
that
they
had
given
them
a
discharge
at
Coppenhagen
.
Who
cannot
see
that
this
is
a
meer
pretence
,
when
as
no
man
is
so
absurd
to
desire
to
be
discharged
of
a
debt
before
payment
,
especially
when
the
time
of
payment
is
not
till
some
weeks
after
.
But
doubtless
Klingeberg
did
that
by
the
command
of
his
superiours
to
gain
time
,
and
that
they
might
in
the
mean
while
see
to
what
place
his
Majesty
of
Sweden
would
march
his
Army
.
Afterwards
when
he
was
called
upon
a
second
time
,
the
time
for
payment
being
come
,
he
answered
,
that
as
Affairs
stood
,
he
could
not
pay
any
money
for
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
,
without
any
the
least
regard
to
his
promise
of
payment
of
it
as
his
own
debt
.
Nay
,
if
all
circumstances
be
rightly
considered
,
it
appears
plainly
enough
,
that
Klingeberg
upon
this
account
would
never
have
paid
a
Farthing
.
We
formerly
shew'd
what
hopeful
signs
the
Danes
gave
of
their
performing
the
Peace
,
Therefore
when
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
desired
that
those
Horse
men
might
be
delivered
to
them
with
the
greatest
expedition
they
could
,
the
Danish
Commissioners
said
,
they
were
not
oblig'd
to
send
them
in
any
more
.
They
said
further
,
that
the
Muster-rolls
,
wherein
the
Souldiers
were
listed
,
did
shew
,
that
those
three
Regiments
,
which
they
delivered
to
them
at
first
,
did
fully
compleat
the
number
that
was
allotted
them
.
And
those
were
the
Rolls
that
the
Swedish
Deputies
desired
so
often
without
the
least
effect
when
they
first
presented
them
,
But
that
is
a
pittiful
exception
,
and
such
as
none
but
the
Danes
would
make
use
of
;
who
think
promises
sufficiently
performed
by
such
idle
scribling
.
For
what
profit
could
the
King
of
Sweden
reap
,
in
that
those
Regiments
compleated
the
number
at
Coppenhagen
,
if
he
never
receiv'd
them
?
For
it
had
been
to
little
purpose
for
any
one
to
have
busied
himself
about
the
getting
again
of
such
Souldiers
together
,
as
use
to
have
no
punishment
inflicted
on
them
for
disobeying
their
commands
,
since
it
was
impossible
to
continue
those
men
,
that
were
delivered
to
him
in
their
duty
.
For
it
was
well
enough
known
,
that
of
those
that
ran
away
after
they
were
delivered
to
us
,
there
were
above
200.
onely
out
of
the
Troups
of
Axell
Vrop
that
lay
sculking
in
Coppenhagen
and
other
parts
of
Sealand
as
their
Sanctuary
,
to
speak
nothing
of
above
30.
of
them
that
were
of
the
King
of
Denmarks
own
Guard
.
The
Swedish
Ambassadours
therefore
at
the
instance
of
the
Governour
of
Schonen
acquainted
Vrop
with
it
,
Owen
Juul
at
Gothenburgh
.
But
they
instead
of
the
1000.
Musquetiers
promised
500.
Dragoons
,
who
being
drawn
from
the
Plough
to
the
Sword
,
could
give
us
no
great
hopes
of
staying
long
with
their
Colours
.
Upon
which
account
when
the
Swedes
refused
them
,
the
Danes
promised
that
they
would
send
command
to
Eberstein
Camp-master
General
to
deliver
those
1000.
Horse
without
any
further
delay
upon
the
departure
of
the
Swedish
Army
out
of
Holstein
.
But
there
was
poison
in
the
tail
of
it
,
and
the
Danes
were
in
hopes
,
that
if
the
Swedish
Army
had
once
moved
,
they
would
not
put
a
stop
upon
their
march
,
though
they
should
not
receive
those
1000.
Horse-men
.
When
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Sweden
therefore
,
who
knew
well
enough
that
there
were
not
so
many
Horse-men
in
all
the
Regal
Holstein
,
had
fully
by
his
Ambassadours
affirm'd
the
same
to
the
Danish
Ministers
,
and
press'd
very
urgently
,
that
some
might
be
chose
out
of
the
Troups
that
were
in
Sealand
,
Concerning
Prisoners
,
the
19.
But
as
if
the
Danes
thought
it
a
thing
commendable
in
them
to
put
delayes
on
us
,
the
Governour
of
the
Castle
of
Bremer
Vorden
would
not
set
at
liberty
the
Swedish
Officers
,
that
were
prisoners
with
him
,
though
urg'd
to
it
again
and
again
by
the
Counsell
of
State
at
Bremer
Vorden
,
pretending
,
that
he
knew
nothing
of
a
Peace
between
the
Northern
Kingdoms
;
and
granting
it
were
so
,
that
those
things
,
which
the
two
Kingdoms
had
joyntly
ordered
,
did
not
concern
him
;
that
he
acknowledged
no
other
power
,
but
from
his
Majesty
of
Denmark
,
and
that
he
could
not
set
his
Prisoners
at
liberty
,
Bremer
Vorden
did
not
observe
this
agreement
.
till
he
received
a
command
from
his
Majesty
to
that
purpose
.
At
last
when
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
shew'd
the
Danish
Commissioners
the
injustice
of
this
action
,
especially
in
regard
the
Swedes
had
been
so
forward
in
this
point
,
they
were
dismiss'd
by
the
Kings
command
,
but
long
after
the
time
appointed
for
it
.
This
is
an
argument
of
vast
negligence
in
the
Danes
,
that
they
,
as
if
it
were
a
May
game
should
not
in
due
time
signifie
to
their
Ministers
what
duty
laid
upon
them
to
the
execution
of
the
late
made
Peace
.
Just
so
,
when
the
foresaid
Governour
of
the
Castle
of
Bremer-Vorden
had
warning
,
But
who
that
knows
the
Danes
genius
never
so
little
,
would
not
from
thence
conjecture
all
things
to
the
worst
,
especially
in
that
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
,
when
they
urg'd
the
restitution
of
the
foresaid
Castle
at
the
Danish
Court
,
had
this
answer
,
that
the
Governour
had
strict
command
without
any
the
least
delay
or
shifting
to
quit
the
Castle
.
The
Swedes
upon
this
business
began
to
suspect
them
,
and
were
the
more
confirmed
in
it
;
in
that
the
Ambassador
of
the
King
of
Hungary
made
a
most
solemn
promise
to
one
of
the
Danish
Nobles
at
Coppenhagen
,
that
upon
condition
they
would
not
surrender
up
Bremer-Vorden
to
the
Swedes
,
Upon
this
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Sweden
by
his
Ambassadours
pressed
the
surrendry
of
it
the
more
urgently
,
easily
smelling
out
that
there
was
some
mischief
a
hatching
,
and
the
Danes
designs
contrary
to
their
agreements
appearing
still
more
and
more
,
but
they
would
have
had
prevailed
but
little
on
them
,
and
been
cheated
with
fair
promises
,
and
effected
nothing
,
had
they
not
by
his
Majesties
command
began
to
give
out
some
threatning
language
,
affirming
to
the
Danish
Commissioners
faces
,
These
things
might
easily
have
put
a
King
of
so
generous
a
spirit
,
especially
when
he
found
himself
thus
slighted
and
abused
,
to
take
up
arms
:
but
his
Majesty
notwithstanding
this
restrein'd
his
passion
,
promising
himself
that
the
Danes
would
be
more
just
and
chearfull
in
doing
those
things
that
were
behinde
.
But
it
is
in
vain
to
expect
any
justice
from
them
,
who
think
their
affairs
can
never
be
well
settled
,
if
they
be
not
supported
by
fraud
and
deceit
.
We
have
as
full
an
example
of
this
in
the
restitution
of
a
small
ship
of
Norcoping
,
But
what
could
one
promise
himself
from
such
kinde
of
Judges
as
these
be
,
who
,
as
the
common
report
went
at
Coppenhagen
,
had
themselves
been
at
the
charge
to
set
out
and
arm
that
Pyrate
ship
?
Notable
assertors
indeed
of
the
Rights
that
belong
to
the
Northern
Kingdoms
in
the
Baltick
Sea
,
who
think
it
no
baseness
nor
disrepute
in
them
,
to
gape
after
filthy
lucre
under
a
Commission
from
the
King
of
Poland
,
when
as
the
King
of
Denmark
himself
grants
him
no
power
to
War
in
the
Baltick
Sea
.
The
Danes
too
,
forsooth
,
used
the
same
kinde
of
chearfulness
in
the
restitution
of
those
things
,
And
that
they
might
leave
nothing
unattempted
,
In
like
sort
there
were
very
many
of
the
Senators
of
Schonen
,
who
by
vertue
of
the
Peace
made
,
were
to
be
bound
by
Oath
to
the
most
Serene
the
King
of
Sweden
,
Afterwards
too
,
when
this
Serene
Majesty
of
Sweden
was
made
acquainted
,
that
one
Henry
Carloffe
an
Adventurer
,
Henry
Carloffe
and
formerly
one
of
the
Governors
of
the
African
Company
in
Sweden
,
by
reason
of
an
injury
,
as
he
construed
it
,
done
to
him
by
the
Swedish
Governors
,
because
he
had
us'd
a
private
trade
in
the
coasts
of
Guine
,
directly
contrary
to
the
Priviledges
of
that
Company
,
and
his
Faith
engag'd
thereto
,
had
not
onely
privately
transported
his
whole
Family
from
Hamburgh
to
Embden
;
but
that
he
might
the
more
infest
and
dammage
the
foresaid
Swedish
Company
,
without
any
regard
to
his
promises
and
the
security
he
had
given
,
had
got
himself
in
the
time
of
the
War
a
Commission
from
the
King
of
Denmark
,
and
to
that
purpose
about
the
middle
of
Autumn
1657.
weigh'd
anchor
from
Embden
,
and
went
with
a
ship
arm'd
and
well-appointed
for
Guine
;
his
Majesty
upon
a
fitting
and
submissive
desire
of
the
Sharers
of
the
said
Company
,
could
not
out
of
his
singular
clemency
suffer
,
that
the
safety
of
his
faithful
Subjects
,
as
much
as
was
concern'd
in
this
business
,
should
be
put
to
an
hazard
in
the
Treaties
at
Roskild
,
but
rather
seriously
enjoyn'd
his
Commissioners
,
that
were
appointed
for
that
Transaction
,
to
provide
the
best
they
could
for
the
profit
and
interess
of
that
Company
.
But
in
regard
no
man
could
so
much
as
dream
,
that
the
Danes
should
use
any
difficulty
in
granting
the
particulars
,
when
they
allow'd
of
the
general
;
nor
was
there
any
certainty
as
yet
,
at
the
time
the
Treaty
was
concluded
,
whether
Carloffe
had
done
any
dammage
in
Guine
:
the
Commissioners
of
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Sweden
thought
it
sufficient
,
as
it
had
really
been
sufficient
,
had
they
not
had
to
do
with
cavillers
,
that
that
caution
desired
by
the
Members
of
the
African
Company
in
Sweden
,
should
be
made
in
general
terms
for
every
case
,
and
put
into
the
eleventh
Article
of
the
Instrument
of
Peace
,
in
this
form
:
to
wit
,
That
all
those
Prizes
which
might
have
been
taken
by
vertue
of
Commissions
given
,
but
were
not
brought
into
Ports
before
the
Transaction
of
Tostrup
,
should
be
restored
to
their
true
and
lawful
Owners
.
For
these
words
being
so
general
,
do
not
onely
comprehed
this
case
of
Guine
,
but
can
be
understood
of
no
other
,
in
that
during
the
War
,
no
Prize
could
be
taken
either
in
the
German
or
Baltick
Sea
,
which
was
not
brought
into
a
Swedish
or
Danish
Harbour
before
the
Transaction
at
Tostrup
made
in
February
,
because
at
that
season
of
the
Year
there
is
no
sailing
at
all
in
these
Northerne
Countreys
,
in
regard
the
cold
is
so
great
,
that
the
whole
Countrey
is
frozen
over
.
Wherefore
these
words
are
principally
to
be
applyed
to
those
Prizes
,
which
during
the
War
,
and
immediately
before
the
composition
might
have
been
taken
,
but
by
reason
of
the
great
distance
of
the
place
,
could
not
be
brought
into
Harbor
,
where
they
ought
to
be
adjudged
.
Truly
the
Swedes
had
never
started
any
doubt
about
the
genuine
sense
of
those
words
alledged
,
had
they
not
been
sufficiently
taught
by
so
many
Arguments
and
Trials
,
that
the
Danes
did
watch
after
all
occasions
,
whereby
by
false
and
far-fetched
interpretations
,
they
might
free
themselves
from
those
things
they
were
oblig'd
to
perform
by
vertue
of
the
Instrument
of
Peace
.
Therefore
the
Swedish
Ambassadors
,
that
they
might
timely
prevent
any
mischief
about
the
true
understanding
of
the
eleventh
Article
,
as
much
of
it
as
belonged
to
the
African
Company
,
asked
of
the
Danish
Commissioners
at
a
meeting
had
at
Coppenhagen
in
April
,
whether
the
words
above-written
,
speaking
of
the
Prizes
taken
under
Commission
from
the
Dane
,
were
so
to
be
understood
,
that
this
case
might
be
comprehended
under
them
,
if
happily
contrary
to
hope
any
dammage
should
be
done
to
the
African
Company
in
Sweden
by
a
private
man
,
that
should
make
Prize
under
Commission
from
the
King
of
Denmark
;
to
which
the
Danes
answer
was
simply
Affirmative
,
alledging
that
not
onely
this
,
but
all
other
cases
whatsoever
were
comprehended
under
those
general
words
.
But
afterward
when
for
the
better
caution
,
the
Swedish
Ambassadors
would
put
the
case
in
an
Article
,
and
insert
it
amongst
other
Points
,
that
were
to
be
explained
in
the
Project
of
an
additional
Recess
,
the
Danes
sought
out
several
wayes
to
shift
it
off
,
and
evade
it
,
pretending
in
this
as
in
many
other
points
,
that
there
was
no
need
of
any
Declaration
,
for
his
Majesty
of
Denmark
was
very
ready
to
do
all
that
he
was
oblig'd
to
by
vertue
of
the
Agreements
at
Roskild
,
if
in
case
any
dammage
was
done
to
the
African
Company
,
contrary
to
the
Instrument
of
Peace
.
Nevertheless
the
Swedish
Ambassadors
still
urg'd
it
,
especially
after
they
had
received
certain
intelligence
,
that
Carloffe
was
gone
up
from
Guine
to
the
River
of
Elbe
with
a
great
prize
,
having
seized
upon
all
the
Swedes
Forts
there
,
and
carried
the
Governour
of
them
along
with
him
Prisoner
to
Gluckstad
;
and
that
he
himself
was
fled
with
the
best
part
of
the
gold
,
and
other
merchandise
of
great
value
,
which
he
had
taken
away
in
Guine
,
and
made
some
alteration
in
the
Article
which
they
had
drawn
,
fitting
it
more
expresly
to
the
present
case
,
as
will
appear
,
The
Danes
striv'd
to
acquit
themselves
from
the
obligation
of
the
restitution
they
were
bound
to
by
reason
Carloffe
was
fled
;
but
this
was
but
a
vain
plea
,
in
regard
the
most
Serene
the
King
of
Denmark
and
his
Ministers
having
had
timely
notice
of
it
,
should
have
used
all
their
endeavour
to
stop
him
from
getting
away
to
the
damage
and
prejudice
of
others
.
For
the
Minister
Resident
at
Hamburgh
did
in
the
name
of
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Sweden
,
as
soon
as
ever
he
heard
that
the
ship
was
gone
up
the
River
of
Elbe
,
by
a
Secretary
,
whom
he
had
sent
away
to
Gluckstad
to
that
purpose
,
earnestly
desire
not
onely
of
the
Counsel
of
the
Government
there
,
but
of
Field
Marshal
Eberstein
that
they
would
detein
and
secure
the
foresaid
Carloffe
with
all
the
goods
he
had
brought
with
him
,
to
the
end
that
restitution
might
be
the
better
made
,
according
to
the
tenor
of
the
agreements
at
Roskild
,
not
onely
of
the
Castle
of
Capo-Cors
,
but
of
all
other
the
Swedes
Forts
in
the
Coasts
of
Guine
,
as
also
the
ship
and
moveable
goods
taken
away
from
the
said
Company
.
But
all
this
pains
was
taken
to
no
purpose
,
as
the
relation
of
Secretary
Barshene
that
was
sent
from
Hamburgh
to
Gluckstad
hereunto
annexed
,
Letter
T
T.
doth
more
fully
show
,
And
indeed
the
Swedes
had
very
great
reason
to
look
circumspectly
in
this
affair
,
in
regard
that
it
was
plain
enough
by
their
dismissing
of
Carloffe
,
that
the
Danes
never
heartily
resolv'd
to
make
reparations
of
the
losses
the
faithfull
subjects
of
Sweden
had
susteined
,
especially
when
there
were
so
many
several
circumstances
besides
that
might
give
the
Swedes
just
cause
to
suspect
the
Danes
injustice
and
perverseness
in
this
business
.
Amongst
which
,
this
was
none
of
the
least
,
that
Carloffe
was
reported
to
have
sworn
those
Souldiers
,
which
he
had
placed
in
Garrison
in
the
Castles
of
Guine
,
not
to
the
King
of
Denmark
,
This
was
shew'd
the
Danes
,
and
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
did
propound
,
to
avoid
for
the
future
all
dissentions
and
differences
that
might
arise
about
the
number
and
quantity
of
the
moveable
goods
that
were
taken
away
,
that
a
certain
summe
of
money
should
be
agreed
upon
as
just
and
equitable
,
which
the
loss
susteined
by
the
Swedish
Company
should
be
rated
at
,
from
which
should
be
deducted
what
ever
could
here
in
Europe
,
or
else
there
in
Africk
be
restored
in
specie
,
but
yet
according
to
the
common
rate
that
commodities
did
bear
at
that
place
and
time
,
when
the
restitution
should
be
made
.
And
thence
it
was
,
that
the
summe
of
400000.
Rixdollars
was
put
in
the
foresaid
Swedish
Project
,
not
that
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
would
rigidly
and
peremptorily
stick
upon
that
summe
,
but
as
a
summe
of
which
something
might
be
agreed
on
or
remitted
,
as
was
shew'd
and
told
to
the
French
Ambassadour
,
as
soon
as
the
Project
was
first
mentioned
.
Nor
could
they
justly
be
found
fault
withal
,
in
that
they
desired
real
security
upon
pawn
given
,
it
being
a
thing
customary
and
usuall
betwixt
Princes
,
and
chiefly
done
for
that
end
,
that
the
debtour
may
be
the
stronglier
bound
to
pay
his
debt
,
and
redeem
his
pawn
.
Nor
could
that
giving
of
pawn
be
any
damage
to
the
Danes
,
had
they
resolv'd
to
pay
the
moneys
they
promis'd
without
any
fraud
at
the
time
appointed
,
because
it
was
in
the
Danes
power
to
make
over
such
goods
in
security
to
the
Swedes
,
as
might
be
appointed
to
them
according
to
the
commodity
of
their
scituation
,
and
where
there
were
no
places
of
defence
.
But
how
just
soever
the
things
were
that
were
desired
,
they
relished
not
well
with
the
Danes
,
whose
whole
labour
was
to
avoid
and
shift
themselves
off
from
that
business
by
wasting
time
,
not
considering
what
they
had
so
roundly
confess'd
in
the
name
of
the
most
Serene
the
King
of
Denmark
concerning
the
genuine
sense
of
the
Eleventh
Article
of
the
agreements
at
Roskild
,
but
making
use
of
these
reasons
following
:
and
first
,
H.
Carloffe
had
taken
.
that
they
could
pretend
no
right
to
those
goods
that
were
taken
away
in
Guine
,
in
regard
it
is
certain
,
that
they
were
brought
into
Port
before
the
pacification
of
Tostrup
,
perswading
themselves
that
a
Port
in
Africk
in
this
case
was
equivalent
to
a
Port
of
Denmark
;
and
that
therefore
no
doubt
or
controversie
ought
to
be
made
about
the
Danes
possession
of
those
things
they
had
taken
away
,
though
they
were
brought
to
Denmark
,
or
to
Holstein
after
the
Transaction
at
Tostrup
,
no
more
then
the
Danes
could
pretend
a
right
to
the
ship
called
Delmenhorst
,
which
was
seized
by
Count
Wrangel
high
Admiral
of
Denmark
not
far
from
Corsoer
in
a
Danish
Port
,
but
could
not
be
brought
to
a
Swedish
Port
before
the
transaction
at
Tostrup
.
The
Danish
Commissioners
further
urg'd
,
that
they
were
bound
by
vertue
of
the
Fourteenth
Article
of
the
Agreements
at
Roskild
,
to
make
restitution
of
nothing
but
onely
the
Forts
in
Guine
,
in
regard
all
other
things
remaining
there
,
as
guns
,
ships
,
gold
,
and
other
merchandize
were
to
be
accounted
moveables
,
which
in
a
Continent
and
a
Port
,
were
by
the
right
of
War
,
together
with
the
Fort
yielded
up
,
and
in
the
power
of
the
King
of
Denmark
.
Thirdly
,
They
endeavored
to
assert
,
that
Carloffe
was
not
to
be
accounted
such
a
man
,
as
onely
takes
prize
by
a
private
Commission
,
but
a
real
Officer
of
War
of
the
King
of
Denmark's
,
lawfully
authorized
and
expresly
commanded
to
seize
upon
the
foresaid
places
,
and
to
bring
away
their
merchandize
for
the
service
of
the
King
of
Denmark
.
Fourthly
,
They
said
that
according
to
the
clause
of
the
Eleventh
Article
of
the
Agreements
at
Roskild
,
Restitution
ought
not
to
be
made
of
those
Goods
that
Carloffe
in
the
name
of
the
King
of
Denmark
took
away
in
the
Continent
,
or
in
the
Port
,
because
there
is
onely
mention
made
of
such
Goods
as
might
have
been
taken
by
those
that
had
a
publick
Commission
and
fought
in
the
Kings
service
in
the
open
Sea
,
as
the
word
Prize
shewes
,
which
must
onely
be
understood
of
Ships
,
and
cannot
be
extended
to
such
things
as
are
taken
away
in
the
Continent
,
and
therefore
that
those
things
,
which
Carloffe
had
done
,
were
not
to
be
accounted
among
them
.
On
the
other
side
the
Swedish
Ambassadors
did
produce
more
and
clearer
arguments
,
That
every
one
knows
well
enough
,
that
the
Peace
made
with
the
enemies
,
is
restreined
onely
to
Europe
,
and
not
extended
to
other
places
scituate
out
of
it
,
as
the
Spaniards
once
answered
the
English
;
nay
,
that
during
the
while
the
Treaties
for
a
twelve
years
Truce
betwixt
the
Spaniard
and
States
General
lasted
,
the
Equinoctial
Line
was
proposed
as
the
limit
and
boundary
,
within
which
the
Peace
and
Truce
was
of
full
force
and
vertue
;
but
on
the
other
side
of
it
the
War
was
still
to
be
continued
.
The
very
same
case
,
if
approved
by
either
party
,
would
be
this
,
that
some
places
in
regard
of
their
scituation
,
though
subject
to
the
jurisdiction
of
one
and
the
same
Lord
,
should
by
a
particular
agreement
be
annoyed
and
infested
with
War
,
whilest
others
under
the
same
Lord
should
enjoy
a
quiet
Peace
;
which
Peace
nevertheless
had
there
not
been
a
previous
agreement
,
and
had
Peace
been
simply
concluded
,
ought
to
have
been
extended
to
all
places
without
any
difference
.
In
like
manner
if
there
were
no
difference
made
in
the
Treaties
between
the
moveable
goods
and
immoveable
goods
that
were
seized
,
all
then
would
come
under
the
same
law
,
as
much
as
concerns
restitution
,
although
in
our
case
there
was
a
peculiar
and
an
express
covenant
,
as
we
shall
hereafter
more
at
large
prove
.
If
therefore
a
distinction
might
be
made
betwixt
places
,
as
was
above
said
,
and
also
betwixt
goods
moveable
and
immoveable
taken
in
the
time
of
the
War
,
why
not
betwixt
persons
too
,
that
had
seized
any
thing
during
the
War
,
as
the
Eleventh
Article
of
the
Agreeements
at
Roskild
would
clearly
lay
it
before
us
.
And
truly
that
any
unbiassed
and
unprejudiced
man
,
that
considers
the
said
Article
,
unlesse
he
will
purposely
dote
,
should
fully
and
sufficiently
understand
,
that
in
it
is
established
first
,
that
all
immoveables
,
to
wit
,
Provinces
and
Fortresses
taken
from
the
Kingdom
of
Sweden
in
the
heat
of
the
War
,
wheresoever
scituated
,
should
be
restored
to
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Sweden
.
Secondly
,
that
restitution
should
be
made
of
all
moveables
taken
from
the
Swedish
Subjects
before
the
beginning
of
the
War
,
as
also
of
three
ships
laden
with
salt
,
and
detein'd
in
the
Sound
,
or
the
true
value
of
them
.
Thirdly
,
that
all
moveables
,
which
during
the
War
might
have
been
taken
before
the
Transaction
at
Tostrup
,
by
souldiers
,
and
others
that
followed
the
Camp
,
and
by
such
as
endamaged
the
enemy
not
onely
as
belonging
to
some
company
,
but
as
maintained
at
the
charge
of
the
Principal
Officers
,
are
plainly
not
liable
to
the
restitution
,
by
an
argument
Ć
contrario
,
principally
grounded
on
these
words
;
What
goods
and
moveables
soever
besides
after
that
time
,
from
the
subjects
of
the
one
party
,
or
of
the
other
,
&c.
Fourthly
,
That
all
moveables
,
whether
ships
,
guns
,
merchandize
,
and
such
like
,
taken
by
vertue
of
Commissions
by
private
men
,
who
onely
at
their
charge
,
and
chiefly
for
their
own
proper
benefit
set
out
and
furnish
ships
to
make
prize
,
but
brought
into
Port
before
the
Pacification
at
Tostrup
,
should
likewise
be
free
from
restitution
.
But
,
fifthly
,
if
any
private
man
making
Prize
under
publique
Commission
,
had
taken
away
any
thing
by
Sea
or
Land
,
and
had
not
,
before
the
Pacification
compleated
at
Tostrup
,
brought
it
in
to
such
a
Port
,
where
,
according
to
the
forme
used
amongst
the
more
civiliz'd
Nations
,
it
might
be
declar'd
as
lawful
Prize
according
to
the
Lawes
of
the
Admiralty
,
that
that
was
to
be
restor'd
to
its
lawful
owner
.
Therefore
that
two
things
are
principally
requisite
,
to
make
such
things
as
were
taken
away
not
liable
to
restitution
;
to
wit
,
that
they
were
not
onely
taking
during
the
War
,
but
brought
into
Port
before
the
18th
.
day
of
February
,
1658.
when
the
Pacification
at
Tostrup
was
made
.
Nor
that
the
Danish
Commissioners
,
which
were
present
at
the
Treaties
at
Roskild
,
could
deny
,
that
those
words
,
Of
Prizes
taken
during
the
time
of
the
Commission
,
but
not
as
yet
brought
into
Ports
,
were
added
by
the
Swedes
for
the
good
and
profit
of
the
Subjects
of
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Sweden
,
and
made
use
of
onely
for
the
caution
and
benefit
of
the
African
Company
of
Sweden
;
and
therefore
ought
in
no
wise
to
be
frustrated
and
avoided
,
but
according
to
Justice
and
Equity
to
stand
in
full
force
and
vertue
.
Which
if
really
so
,
as
it
cannot
be
otherwise
,
and
that
Carloffe
cannot
make
himself
out
to
be
any
other
,
then
one
that
under
Commission
from
the
Danes
hath
done
dammage
to
the
Swedes
in
Africk
;
nor
hath
not
brought
the
greatest
part
of
his
Prize
to
Gluckstad
before
June
,
to
wit
,
some
moneths
after
the
time
limitted
;
it
necessarily
follows
,
that
the
Danes
,
by
vertue
of
the
Pacification
at
Roskild
,
are
bound
to
make
real
satisfaction
to
the
Swedish
Company
.
For
it
is
very
certain
that
Carloffe
had
set
on
foot
and
acted
this
villany
at
the
charge
and
hazard
of
himself
and
his
complices
;
nor
could
the
Danes
prove
with
all
their
endeavours
,
that
he
either
received
any
money
from
the
King
of
Denmark
to
arm
and
set
out
his
ship
,
or
that
any
of
his
Soldiers
were
bound
in
this
action
by
Oath
to
the
King
of
Denmark
;
or
lastly
,
that
they
had
the
least
pay
promised
them
.
Whence
it
was
,
that
the
Danish
Commissioners
,
though
the
Swedish
Ambassadors
oftentimes
desired
it
,
would
not
produce
a
copy
of
the
Commission
and
Instructions
,
that
were
given
to
Carloffe
,
because
they
were
afraid
that
the
tenor
of
that
would
make
it
appear
,
that
Carloffe
was
onely
a
private
man
,
making
Prize
under
publique
Commission
,
and
no
real
Officer
of
War
of
the
King
of
Denmark
.
But
though
the
Swedish
Ambassadors
were
not
so
happy
as
to
see
that
commission
,
yet
they
could
plainly
collect
,
that
Carloffe
,
in
that
he
convey'd
himself
privately
and
by
stealth
from
Gluckstad
,
and
implor'd
the
aid
and
protection
of
other
Commonwealths
and
States
,
did
principally
look
at
the
benefit
and
profit
of
himself
and
his
complices
,
and
not
of
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
;
and
that
the
cause
of
his
fear
was
,
lest
the
Danes
should
desert
him
in
this
business
,
and
force
him
to
perform
the
Agreements
at
Roskild
in
that
point
.
Unless
you
will
rather
say
,
that
Carloffe
fled
by
the
command
and
advice
of
the
Danes
,
because
they
suppos'd
,
that
by
this
means
they
might
the
easilier
free
themselves
from
making
satisfaction
.
Besides
,
the
Swedish
Ambassadors
put
the
Danish
Commissioners
in
minde
,
that
it
was
no
new
and
unusual
thing
,
for
those
that
made
Prize
under
a
publique
Commission
,
to
seize
upon
fortified
places
,
and
do
dammage
as
well
by
Land
as
by
Sea
.
That
that
was
manifest
enough
from
the
actions
of
the
Companies
of
the
East
and
West
Indies
in
Holland
,
who
besides
their
Traffique
wag'd
such
a
kinde
of
War
under
a
Publique
Commission
,
when
as
the
Members
of
those
Companies
,
though
some
of
them
be
of
a
Publique
capacity
are
to
be
considered
onely
as
private
men
in
this
business
.
Besides
that
experience
doth
testifie
,
that
he
that
by
vertue
of
a
Commission
granted
him
,
doth
arm
and
furnish
out
ships
at
his
own
charge
against
the
Enemy
,
gets
power
likewise
to
injure
his
Enemy
not
onely
at
Sea
,
but
at
Land
too
,
if
he
can
.
And
that
the
English
did
that
frequently
in
the
former
War
with
Spain
.
Nor
can
that
word
Prize
,
which
is
used
in
the
foresaid
eleventh
Article
,
be
restreined
onely
to
ships
,
or
to
that
,
which
is
taken
at
Sea
,
seeing
rather
by
the
general
signification
of
it
,
it
comprehends
all
kinde
of
booty
whether
by
Sea
or
Land
;
and
that
in
the
French
Tongue
,
whence
it
hath
its
original
,
it
denotes
booty
,
spoil
,
and
every
thing
that
is
taken
away
from
any
enemy
,
nor
can
it
be
otherwise
construed
or
expounded
.
That
it
is
likewise
nothing
to
the
purpose
,
that
the
ship
called
Stockholm-Castle
,
which
lay
at
anchor
not
far
from
the
Castle
Capo-Cors
,
was
as
the
Danes
declare
,
brought
to
a
Danish
Port
from
those
places
after
the
Castle
was
won
,
before
the
Pacification
;
when
as
the
word
was
brought
,
hath
a
particular
signification
here
,
and
is
to
be
understood
according
to
the
condition
of
the
matter
it
speaks
of
;
to
wit
,
in
the
same
sense
,
it
useth
to
be
taken
and
construed
in
such
kinde
of
private
expeditions
and
ventures
,
made
by
vertue
of
Commissions
granted
them
,
as
we
said
before
.
For
who
,
pray
,
in
Africk
should
declare
and
adjudge
,
whether
that
ship
and
other
moveable
goods
were
taken
justly
,
and
according
to
the
Rules
of
their
Commission
,
when
there
was
none
there
empowered
to
it
?
Nor
could
Carloffe
and
his
Complices
do
it
,
because
no
man
hath
liberty
to
be
judge
in
his
own
cause
.
Wherefore
it
follows
upon
necessity
,
that
the
Danes
were
not
exempted
from
restitution
,
because
the
Prize
was
brought
before
the
Pacification
at
Tostrup
to
an
African
Port
;
but
it
was
further
requisite
to
make
the
possession
legal
and
safe
,
to
bring
those
goods
,
that
were
taken
away
,
into
a
Danish
Port.
Besides
that
that
ship
could
not
properly
be
said
to
have
been
brought
into
a
Danish
Port
in
Africk
,
because
it
lay
there
before
;
nor
could
the
other
merchandize
or
moveables
,
which
were
found
in
the
Castle
Capo-Cors
,
and
seized
together
with
it
,
be
accounted
to
be
brought
thither
by
Carloffe
,
in
as
much
as
they
were
there
before
,
and
were
onely
by
him
carried
away
from
thence
.
But
that
the
Danish
Commissioners
were
quite
besides
the
cushion
,
in
comparing
the
ship
Delmenhorst
that
was
seized
upon
not
far
from
Corsoer
,
with
this
business
of
Guine
,
seeing
that
foresaid
Man
of
War
taken
in
the
time
of
the
War
by
the
Souldiers
of
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Sweden
,
hath
nothing
at
all
of
the
case
of
a
Pyrate
Ship
,
that
private
men
which
having
right
to
fight
by
vertue
of
Commissions
they
have
got
granted
,
use
to
set
forth
for
their
own
profit
,
but
that
business
is
rather
to
be
guided
by
the
rule
of
the
often
mentioned
Eleventh
Article
,
by
vertue
of
which
the
ship
Delmenhorst
might
justly
be
kept
by
the
Swedes
,
though
it
was
not
brought
into
another
Swedish
Port
before
the
conclusion
of
the
Peace
;
but
the
Prize
that
was
made
in
Guine
by
one
that
had
a
Commission
,
and
not
brought
into
a
Danish
Port
before
the
Pacifiation
,
ought
by
all
Law
to
be
restored
.
That
it
was
to
no
purpose
too
,
to
alledge
the
Fourteenth
Article
of
the
Agreements
at
Roskild
in
this
business
,
which
did
not
at
all
belong
to
it
,
and
spoke
onely
of
the
Forts
and
Fortresses
,
that
were
either
seized
by
the
Armies
here
in
Europe
,
or
were
to
be
surrendred
by
the
Pacification
at
Roskild
in
satisfaction
to
the
Kingdom
of
Sweden
,
because
they
were
to
be
delivered
naked
,
without
Guns
or
any
Ammunition
or
Provision
,
as
may
be
seen
from
the
context
of
the
Fourteenth
Article
,
and
especially
in
that
,
which
was
ordered
about
the
end
of
that
Article
:
to
wit
,
That
the
Bores
of
those
Jurisdictions
,
in
which
those
Forts
are
scituated
,
are
bound
to
carry
all
their
Warlick
Ammunition
and
Provision
to
the
shore
,
that
they
might
the
more
conveniently
be
ship'd
and
carried
away
,
a
thing
nothing
at
all
applicable
to
this
case
of
Guine
:
But
that
the
natural
place
,
to
which
this
business
related
,
was
in
the
foresaid
Eleventh
Article
,
where
first
it
was
generally
ordered
,
that
all
Provinces
and
Places
seized
upon
in
the
time
of
the
War
,
and
taken
from
the
Kingdom
of
Sweden
,
wheresoever
they
were
scituated
,
should
be
restored
;
and
afterwards
there
was
special
provision
made
about
goods
moveable
,
to
this
purpose
,
that
all
those
Prizes
(
amongst
which
those
also
are
legally
comprehended
,
which
were
taken
from
the
Swedish
Subjects
in
the
Castle
Capo-Cors
and
the
Coasts
of
Guine
)
which
might
have
been
taken
by
Commissions
gained
,
but
not
brought
into
Port
by
the
time
limited
,
should
be
restored
again
,
as
we
shew'd
you
before
,
to
their
lawful
Proprietors
.
At
last
when
the
Danish
Commissioners
had
nothing
of
weight
or
moment
that
they
could
reply
against
those
reasons
that
were
alledged
,
and
the
Swedish
Ambassadors
did
pressingly
urge
as
well
themselves
,
as
by
Monsieur
Terlon
the
French
Ambassadour
,
their
absolute
and
positive
answer
,
they
made
recourse
to
their
usual
shifts
;
and
that
they
might
delay
time
,
and
avoid
and
elude
the
execution
of
the
Peace
,
But
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
,
as
they
had
formerly
about
the
Island
Ween
,
so
in
this
business
also
upon
good
grounds
refused
it
,
proving
by
very
strong
arguments
,
that
this
controversie
did
depend
upon
the
execution
of
the
Peace
lately
made
,
Nay
,
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Sweden
himself
,
who
in
the
mean
time
went
from
Gothenburgh
to
Flensburgh
,
and
wished
nothing
more
,
then
that
the
Executive
Treaties
at
Coppenhagen
might
speedily
come
to
an
happy
issue
,
and
earnestly
desired
,
without
the
trial
of
further
controversies
with
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
,
Indeed
it
cannot
be
denied
,
that
the
Danes
made
a
show
in
words
,
that
they
were
willing
to
restore
,
all
that
should
be
found
at
Gluckstad
of
the
Goods
taken
away
in
Guine
,
and
to
give
satisfaction
afterward
for
the
rest
,
that
Carloffe
had
privily
conveigh'd
away
with
him
,
so
that
they
would
give
them
so
much
time
,
Onely
we
cannot
pass
by
the
strange
kinde
of
acting
that
is
usual
with
the
Danes
in
this
affair
,
that
,
when
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
did
often
desire
,
and
urge
their
absolute
and
positive
answer
concerning
the
real
caution
they
demanded
,
they
would
excuse
themselves
,
that
they
could
not
pawn
to
the
Swedes
any
Lands
or
immoveable
Goods
,
but
yet
that
they
would
promise
them
,
that
they
would
bring
them
some
Hamburgh
Merchants
,
Afterward
when
the
Danes
were
show'd
the
unworthiness
of
this
action
,
and
every
one
did
verily
believe
,
that
the
business
would
be
done
without
any
further
delayes
and
pretences
,
unless
they
would
have
no
mercy
neither
on
themselves
,
nor
of
their
Countrey-men
in
Jutland
and
Holstein
,
Owen
Juul
in
an
Embassy
about
the
end
of
June
to
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Sweden
,
who
amongst
other
instructions
carried
Letters
,
The
Swedish
Ambassadors
perceiving
it
endeavoured
but
in
vain
to
hinder
that
Embassy
,
and
show'd
them
both
by
Monsieur
Terlon
the
French
Ambassadour
,
who
was
then
at
Coppenhagen
,
and
they
themselves
declar'd
more
at
large
to
the
chief
Ministers
of
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
,
how
unusual
and
unfitting
a
thing
it
would
be
,
for
the
King
of
Denmark
to
dispatch
an
Embassy
to
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Sweden
,
for
the
transacting
of
that
controversie
,
concerning
which
the
Swedish
Ambassadors
Resident
at
Coppenhagen
,
were
empowered
with
very
large
Commissions
,
and
had
very
lately
as
it
were
anew
been
by
Letters
Credential
to
the
King
of
Denmark
,
appointed
to
finish
that
business
;
that
they
had
done
their
duty
,
and
not
onely
justly
declar'd
what
they
were
commanded
,
and
urg'd
their
answer
,
but
expected
it
too
almost
every
moment
.
That
they
themselves
,
Yea
,
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Sweden
himself
did
begin
so
far
to
suspect
the
Danes
preposterous
manner
of
acting
,
that
upon
that
ground
,
Owen
Juul
,
at
his
coming
to
him
,
but
sent
charge
amongst
other
things
to
his
Ambassadors
residing
at
Coppenhagen
,
to
dispatch
the
business
of
Guine
,
Letter
ZZ
.
In
the
mean
time
all
the
while
Juul
was
employ'd
about
that
Embassy
,
in
which
there
were
some
weeks
spent
,
the
Danish
Commissioners
would
not
give
the
Swedish
Ambassadors
any
meeting
in
Coppenhagen
;
and
at
such
times
as
they
were
called
upon
to
it
,
which
was
very
often
,
they
answered
,
that
they
must
first
expect
the
return
of
Owen
Juul
.
At
last
that
they
might
not
seem
to
do
nothing
,
and
upon
the
news
that
was
brought
,
that
the
Poles
and
Austrians
had
laid
close
siege
to
the
City
of
Thoren
,
Owen
Juul
,
this
question
,
to
wit
,
whether
the
Danes
were
in
justice
bound
to
make
satisfaction
for
the
dammage
done
at
Guine
,
or
no
?
was
carried
in
the
Affirmative
,
and
that
they
were
bound
to
make
it
;
and
onely
this
question
,
how
,
to
wit
,
whether
satisfaction
ought
to
be
made
for
all
things
taken
away
from
the
Swedish
Company
in
Guine
,
or
also
,
whether
real
caution
was
to
be
given
for
the
greater
certainty
of
payment
,
or
no
?
remained
,
which
the
Ambassadors
and
Commissioners
of
both
parties
were
to
discuss
;
the
Danes
that
lay
at
lurch
and
waited
how
the
times
would
go
,
and
when
they
might
have
occasion
to
order
their
affairs
as
best
pleas'd
themselves
,
took
heart
again
,
and
not
onely
denied
all
other
satisfaction
,
In
order
to
which
,
the
Danish
Commissioners
did
by
Monsieur
Terlon
the
French
Ambassador
deliver
their
Project
to
the
Swedish
Ambassadors
,
Let.
AAA
.
But
after
that
the
Danes
understood
,
partly
from
the
relation
of
Owen
Juul
,
and
partly
from
the
Letters
of
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Sweden
to
the
King
of
Denmark
,
that
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
would
in
this
case
remit
nothing
of
the
right
of
his
faithful
Subjects
,
they
met
with
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
again
,
and
exhibited
a
Project
the
17.
day
of
July
,
Letter
BBB
.
But
the
Danes
were
no
better
pleased
with
this
,
then
with
the
former
Swedish
Project
,
in
regard
that
it
did
for
the
most
part
cut
off
all
occasions
,
which
the
Danes
might
in
the
future
at
their
pleasure
lay
hold
on
,
to
exempt
and
free
themselves
from
giving
the
satisfaction
they
had
promised
.
But
as
the
Danes
never
resolv'd
with
themselves
heartily
fully
to
satisfie
the
African
Company
in
this
point
,
There
were
,
But
though
it
appears
manifestly
enough
from
those
things
we
have
laid
down
before
,
that
the
Danes
suffered
nothing
to
be
wanting
in
them
that
might
adde
any
thing
to
the
delaying
the
execution
of
the
Peace
;
or
,
to
speak
more
truly
,
But
how
irrational
and
groundless
this
was
,
will
easily
appear
by
the
full
Narrative
of
the
Fact
:
For
thus
the
case
stands
.
There
came
one
out
of
Germany
,
a
Servant
,
Besides
this
not
long
before
,
it
was
given
out
both
by
Letters
and
Messengers
from
Denmark
,
that
the
most
Serene
the
King
of
Sweden
had
by
reason
the
Forts
were
denied
him
in
Schonen
,
gathered
his
Army
together
again
,
and
proscuted
the
War
;
so
that
from
thence
his
Highness
the
Prince
Palatine
,
who
knew
nothing
of
the
composition
but
by
reports
,
had
cause
sufficient
to
detain
the
man
.
All
which
matters
of
import
being
well
considered
with
their
circumstances
,
will
very
easily
acquit
the
King
of
Sweden
from
the
crime
of
violating
the
Peace
,
who
onely
granted
safe
passage
to
publick
Curriers
,
but
not
to
any
one
that
came
out
of
suspected
and
enemies
quarters
,
especially
seeing
he
never
profess'd
himself
to
be
a
Currier
of
the
King
of
Denmarks
,
or
of
any
of
the
Danish
Ministers
,
and
had
indeed
got
a
Pass
of
the
most
Serene
the
Duke
of
Holstein
,
but
no
other
,
then
in
the
common
form
that
they
use
to
have
,
who
go
journeys
.
But
there
were
not
any
contrivances
of
the
Danes
divulg'd
,
Much
lesse
did
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
urge
any
things
that
were
new
,
Which
things
upon
that
account
his
most
Serene
Majesty
of
Sweden
laid
open
in
April
to
Owen
Juul
,
Ambassadour
of
the
King
of
Denmark
,
at
Gothenburgh
,
willing
the
same
to
be
done
by
his
Deputies
,
Let.
DDD
.
Unless
they
will
call
that
new
,
which
was
treated
on
at
Coppenhagen
,
about
the
making
restitution
of
those
ships
that
were
taken
away
in
the
time
of
the
War
from
the
Subjects
of
Sweden
,
in
lieu
of
those
that
were
seiz'd
on
in
Fuhnen
,
and
other
Ports
of
Denmark
.
Sure
that
was
for
the
advantage
of
the
Danes
,
who
for
restoring
of
one
received
ten
.
To
speak
nothing
of
a
mutual
covenant
,
by
vertue
of
which
that
ought
to
have
been
so
performed
.
Nor
can
that
Article
of
Oblivion
be
accounted
new
,
Nor
,
lastly
,
is
it
any
new
thing
,
They
were
far
more
bitter
yet
,
in
upbraiding
the
Swedes
for
exceeding
the
limits
of
their
Agreements
,
Owen
Juul
was
in
the
same
note
too
at
Gothenburgh
,
But
who
,
pray
,
is
so
ignorant
in
Military
affairs
,
that
knows
not
,
that
an
Army
hath
not
all
kinde
of
necessary
maintenance
,
when
they
are
supplied
with
meat
and
drink
,
but
that
there
are
more
things
requisite
;
as
the
furnishing
them
with
money
for
Clothes
,
and
Arms
,
and
shoeing
their
Horses
,
and
things
of
that
nature
.
And
because
no
King
or
Prince
can
maintain
an
Army
in
his
own
Kingdoms
,
Dominions
,
or
Territories
,
with
Victuals
onely
,
it
is
not
probable
that
the
King
of
Sweden
would
ease
the
Danes
of
that
burthen
,
which
in
time
of
War
is
laid
upon
his
own
Subjects
.
Nor
have
the
Danes
deserv'd
so
well
of
the
Swedes
,
as
that
they
should
respect
them
more
then
the
faithful
people
and
subjects
of
their
own
Countrey
.
It
is
well
enough
known
,
that
after
the
late
Peace
made
in
Germany
,
the
Soldiery
had
for
almost
two
whole
moneths
,
till
the
compleat
execution
of
the
Peace
,
not
onely
a
supply
of
Provision
,
but
of
Money
too
:
which
when
the
Swedish
Commissioners
alledged
as
an
example
in
this
business
of
Roskild
,
and
Christian
Skiel
the
Danish
Plenipotentiary
(
for
Gersdorff
high
Steward
of
the
Kingdome
was
sick
at
that
time
)
did
at
first
thwart
it
;
asking
what
difference
there
was
betwixt
the
times
of
Peace
and
War
,
if
there
were
no
ease
of
their
burthens
?
to
which
when
he
received
this
answer
,
that
there
was
this
difference
,
That
there
was
a
time
certain
prefix'd
for
these
Contributions
,
and
that
they
were
demanded
without
any
hostility
;
at
last
he
acquiesc'd
and
said
,
If
they
could
get
Peace
upon
no
other
terms
,
they
must
bear
it
patiently
.
And
that
this
was
really
so
,
the
Danes
themselves
,
if
they
be
honest
men
,
cannot
deny
.
The
Swedish
Ambassadours
put
the
foresaid
Skiel
in
minde
of
this
at
Coppenhagen
,
and
did
themselves
declare
to
Flemming
,
President
of
their
Military
Affairs
,
that
to
be
the
explication
of
the
17th
.
Article
.
To
which
the
Swedish
Deputies
answers
to
the
demands
of
Owen
Juul
at
Gothenburgh
do
every
where
agree
.
But
the
cause
of
all
the
mistake
in
this
business
,
was
,
Owen
Juul
,
remitted
part
of
his
right
,
and
by
publique
Proclamation
made
at
Gothenburgh
,
did
most
strictly
command
the
abolition
of
all
monethly
Contributions
for
the
future
,
the
day
of
payment
of
which
was
not
yet
past
.
As
for
the
other
insolencies
committed
by
the
Soldiery
which
the
Danes
complained
of
;
as
no
one
can
do
any
more
then
prohibit
them
,
so
it
is
sufficient
,
if
those
that
command
them
,
inflict
due
punishment
upon
the
Offenders
.
The
third
violation
of
the
Agreements
,
Neither
are
we
here
led
by
vain
suspicions
,
For
what
could
be
in
their
end
in
charging
his
Majesty
of
Sweden
with
violating
the
Peace
,
in
that
he
gave
way
that
the
moneys
formerly
leavied
should
be
got
in
,
for
the
necessary
support
of
the
souldiery
,
but
onely
that
by
a
notorious
misconstruction
of
the
Covenants
,
they
might
rake
together
some
matter
of
a
new
War
.
Or
how
could
all
that
zeal
and
fervency
to
the
ratifying
of
a
perpetual
confederacy
with
the
Swedes
,
so
suddenly
have
vanished
,
had
it
not
been
counterfeit
and
made
to
this
very
purpose
,
that
by
pretence
of
a
League
,
they
might
discharge
themselves
of
the
third
Article
of
the
Treaty
at
Roskild
,
and
that
they
might
continue
their
League
made
with
the
States
of
Holland
to
the
prejudice
of
the
Swedes
?
Why
should
they
have
so
abhor'd
to
joyn
their
Fleet
of
War
with
that
of
the
Sweds
,
but
that
they
might
thereby
get
a
fair
way
wholly
to
defeat
the
Agreements
at
Roskild
,
when
they
should
be
therefore
accus'd
of
violating
the
Peace
?
Which
Counsel
was
contriv'd
by
Beuningen
,
as
he
himself
plainly
took
on
him
.
What
made
them
appear
so
wayward
and
averse
in
the
business
of
Holstein
,
complaining
that
heavier
and
heavier
burthens
were
imposed
on
them
,
then
had
been
promised
,
but
that
they
might
after
a
while
take
occasion
to
evacuate
all
the
Agreements
?
Why
should
they
refuse
to
proceed
to
the
promised
division
of
the
Ecclesiastical
Goods
of
the
Chapter
of
Sleswick
,
before
the
departure
of
the
Swedish
Army
,
although
the
Duke
of
Holstein
himself
urg'd
it
,
had
they
had
any
purpose
to
stand
to
their
conditions
?
Why
should
the
King
of
Denmarks
Counsellours
in
Holstein
,
who
saw
evidently
enough
(
though
they
pretend
to
have
been
dubious
)
that
a
Peace
was
on
foot
betwixt
the
Swedes
and
Danes
,
suggest
to
their
King
such
pestilent
Counsel
,
together
with
such
odious
reproaches
against
the
Swedes
,
but
that
they
were
assur'd
they
would
be
very
grateful
and
acceptable
?
Owen
Juul
affirm
himself
to
the
King
of
Swedes
at
Gothenburgh
,
that
the
business
of
Holstein
was
agreed
,
and
Gyldenlow
the
Lieutenant
General
at
Flensburgh
,
that
the
African
or
Guine
Controversie
was
compounded
,
but
that
they
might
make
him
secure
,
and
incite
him
to
depart
ere
his
business
was
dispatched
?
Why
did
the
Danish
Commissioners
appointed
for
the
Executive
Treaties
at
Coppenhagen
never
produce
their
Plenipotentiary
Commissions
?
Why
would
they
not
bring
a
Register
,
if
they
intended
really
,
and
were
willing
their
purpose
should
be
understood
?
Why
did
they
themselves
retard
the
Treaties
,
if
they
were
desirous
to
bring
them
to
issue
?
Why
was
not
that
committed
to
writing
,
which
was
suppos'd
to
be
agreed
on
on
all
hands
,
but
that
they
never
intended
it
should
be
binding
to
them
?
Why
should
they
refuse
on
the
morrow
,
what
they
had
this
day
allowed
,
but
that
they
would
suspend
the
execution
of
the
Peace
,
as
the
circumstances
and
change
of
time
did
either
promise
prosperity
,
or
threaten
adversity
to
the
Swedes
?
What
could
be
the
reason
they
did
not
freely
perform
any
one
thing
tending
to
the
execution
of
the
Peace
,
but
that
in
time
following
they
migt
have
this
to
say
,
that
all
things
were
unjustly
forc'd
and
extorted
from
them
by
compulsion
and
threats
?
It
was
not
a
talk
of
the
vulgar
,
but
a
Maxime
of
the
Peers
of
Denmark
,
that
the
Peace
in
hand
betwixt
the
two
Kingdoms
could
not
be
durable
,
that
they
were
not
bound
by
a
contract
occasioned
by
force
and
fear
;
that
those
Provinces
were
not
alien'd
but
lent
,
and
must
shortly
be
rendred
back
with
interest
;
that
other
States
and
Re-publicks
would
not
adventure
to
let
the
Swedes
establish
Monarchy
in
the
North
;
that
they
would
not
want
most
powerful
foes
,
whose
united
strength
they
would
be
unable
to
resist
;
that
sometimes
there
was
scarce
a
moment
pass'd
twixt
great
height
and
a
down-fall
;
that
the
doubtful
chance
of
War
would
afford
opportunity
of
revenge
when
least
look'd
for
,
with
other
discourses
of
this
kind
,
wherewith
the
Danes
flattered
themselves
,
and
cherished
those
hopes
of
regaining
their
lost
Provinces
with
many
more
into
the
bargain
.
And
Magnus
Hoge
himself
Senatour
of
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
,
may
easily
call
to
minde
that
he
cast
abroad
the
greatest
part
of
these
speeches
.
But
this
eager
desire
of
setting
on
the
Swedes
being
so
deeply
rooted
in
the
Danes
,
could
not
contain
it selfe
in
words
,
breaking
out
so
far
,
that
before
the
Peace
was
yet
come
to
ripeness
,
they
endeavoured
by
most
villanous
plots
and
attempts
to
bring
speedy
ruine
on
the
King
and
Kingdom
of
Sweden
.
For
whereas
by
the
second
Article
of
the
Agreement
at
Roskild
,
the
Danes
were
oblig'd
,
not
onely
,
that
all
Leagues
and
Covenants
formerly
made
with
any
to
the
prejudice
of
the
Swedes
should
cease
,
if
any
such
had
been
made
,
but
also
they
should
not
by
any
means
enter
into
any
such
for
the
future
;
they
were
so
far
from
renouncing
such
Leagues
,
that
the
Leagues
,
which
were
at
the
conclusion
of
the
Peace
but
shapeless
issues
and
imperfect
embryo's
,
they
have
hitherto
been
licking
into
due
form
and
perfection
.
Whereof
the
faithful
communication
of
matters
between
the
Hungarian
and
Polish
Agents
with
the
Danish
Ministers
at
Coppenhagen
,
may
serve
for
abundant
proof
,
if
there
were
no
other
.
For
what
commerce
could
the
King
of
Hungary
,
who
was
afterwards
Emperour
of
Germany
,
have
with
the
King
of
Denmark
or
against
whom
could
they
finde
occasion
to
contract
Leagues
,
but
against
the
Swedes
,
whose
ruine
they
unanimously
conspir'd
,
though
in
other
respects
they
were
very
much
divided
.
It
was
not
for
nothing
the
King
of
Hungary
would
have
his
Agent
abide
at
Coppenhagen
,
but
the
hopes
,
which
the
Danes
had
given
of
a
League
to
be
ratified
and
most
solemnly
kept
,
was
that
which
detained
him
there
.
The
business
of
Morstein
is
like
this
,
who
was
sent
by
the
King
of
Poland
,
and
stayes
there
to
this
day
,
being
fed
with
the
same
hopes
.
Hereof
Beuningen
gives
testimony
in
his
Letters
,
Let.
But
the
Transaction
with
the
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
was
carried
more
secretly
,
as
if
the
Danes
themselves
had
been
asham'd
to
own
their
own
malice
;
and
it
is
certain
that
Berlin
,
the
Minister
sent
by
the
King
of
Denmark
,
like
one
that
durst
not
shew
his
head
,
met
the
Elector
by
night
,
and
declar'd
to
him
the
things
he
had
in
charge
.
Of
which
the
scope
was
,
that
the
King
sollicited
the
Electour
to
take
up
Arms
against
the
Swedes
,
that
they
might
be
forc'd
to
quit
Fuhnen
,
Jutland
,
and
other
Provinces
of
Denmark
,
and
so
leave
room
for
the
Danes
to
begin
a
new
War
.
As
to
the
united
Provinces
,
Gersdorffe
high
Steward
of
the
Kingdom
made
a
solemn
promise
immediately
after
the
League
was
concluded
,
to
their
Ambassadour
then
Resident
at
the
Danish
Court
,
that
whatsoever
they
in
their
streights
and
extremities
had
promised
,
his
King
would
never
endure
that
any
thing
should
be
perform'd
,
that
was
prejudicial
to
the
League
between
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
,
and
the
said
United
Provinces
,
but
rather
he
would
preserve
inviolate
all
things
that
had
been
agreed
on
betwixt
them
.
This
Beuningen
recounted
in
his
Letters
to
the
States
,
and
in
many
other
Letters
of
his
,
he
hath
with
great
pains
published
that
inclination
of
the
Danes
to
adhere
to
their
League
with
them
,
and
likewise
how
nothing
at
all
was
kept
secret
from
him
,
that
pass'd
between
the
Swedish
and
Danish
Commissioners
in
reference
to
the
establishing
of
a
League
,
and
that
the
King
himself
did
not
dislike
that
they
should
be
secretly
imparted
to
him
.
But
what
could
the
States
alledge
to
be
concluded
to
their
prejudice
(
as
they
perversely
and
without
reason
expound
it
)
more
then
that
main
Article
of
the
Treaty
at
Roskild
,
to
wit
,
of
prohibiting
any
Fleets
of
War
to
enter
the
Baltick
Sea
without
the
consent
of
both
the
Kings
.
And
this
is
the
very
Article
,
to
the
performance
whereof
,
the
Danes
would
not
be
oblig'd
,
though
they
had
promised
it
.
Should
we
further
relate
with
what
bent
and
eagerness
they
they
have
been
contriving
to
slander
the
Swedes
to
other
Nations
,
and
especially
to
the
most
Serene
His
Highness
the
Lord
Protector
of
great
Brittain
,
and
to
convict
them
of
breach
of
peace
in
requiring
the
Island
of
Ween
,
it
would
be
an
endless
work
.
Thus
indeed
do
the
Danes
heap
blessings
on
the
Swedes
,
promoting
their
good
,
and
by
all
means
diverting
from
them
what
might
tend
to
their
disadvantage
!
And
lest
Sweden
should
want
enemies
,
so
great
is
their
affection
to
their
reconciled
friends
,
the
King
of
Denmark
hath
recommended
several
Officers
,
by
himself
dismissed
,
to
the
German
Emperour
and
the
Elector
,
who
were
then
in
open
War
against
the
Swedes
.
Now
who
can
be
so
utterly
void
of
judgement
,
as
to
cast
any
blame
on
his
most
Serene
Majestie
of
Sweden
,
in
that
he
had
regard
to
his
own
security
,
when
the
Peace
agreed
proved
so
unstable
;
nor
would
depart
with
his
Army
,
ere
he
had
,
what
in
him
lay
,
clean
weeded
out
these
ancient
seeds
of
discord
in
these
Northerne
Kingdoms
.
Which
had
been
in
great
part
effected
,
if
the
Executive
Treaties
had
been
concluded
with
a
General
Act
of
Oblivion
of
what
ever
was
past
.
But
the
Danish
Commissioners
could
never
be
brought
to
put
any
such
thing
in
writing
,
it
being
easily
discernable
what
they
aimed
at
by
their
bankings
and
delayes
Since
therefore
the
Danes
have
in
effect
violated
every
Article
of
the
Treaty
at
Roskild
,
Bremer
Vorden
at
the
time
limitted
.
The
seventeenth
,
By
endeavouring
by
sundry
disputes
and
contestations
to
bereave
the
Souldiery
of
their
due
maintenance
,
and
so
to
make
the
Swedes
guilty
of
breach
of
faith
.
The
nineteenth
,
In
not
releasing
the
persons
by
the
time
prefix'd
.
And
lastly
,
in
as
much
as
they
have
in
no
wayes
performed
the
private
Article
.
His
most
Serene
Majesty
was
forc'd
to
betake
himself
again
to
his
Arms
,
and
since
the
Peace
he
had
till
then
made
,
could
scarce
be
term'd
a
Peace
,
the
conditions
and
grounds
thereof
being
very
little
observed
,
to
continue
the
War
he
had
begun
,
till
the
Senators
of
Denmark
should
return
to
fairer
carriage
and
proceedings
.
For
which
reason
also
it
was
needless
solemnly
to
denounce
War
,
since
the
Danes
knew
right
well
what
Peace-breakers
were
to
expect
;
and
that
War
must
of
necessity
return
,
where
the
Peace
solemnly
made
,
through
the
Danes
perverseness
could
take
no
effect
.
Notwithstanding
the
Swedish
Ambassadours
were
cautious
enough
that
the
matter
should
not
break
out
contrary
to
their
just
hope
and
expectation
,
not
onely
affirming
openly
to
the
Danish
Ministers
,
and
especially
to
Gersdorffe
high
Steward
of
the
Kingdom
,
that
their
Royal
Majesty
would
never
pass
by
their
delays
&
elusions
of
Articles
,
but
also
signified
by
Letters
written
to
the
French
Ambassador
to
that
effect
,
Surely
it
may
hence
be
collected
,
how
unwillingly
his
Majesty
of
Sweden
descended
to
those
extream
remedies
,
that
he
never
omitted
any
thing
which
might
in
any
sort
conduce
to
demonstrate
his
readiness
and
affection
to
a
serious
maintaining
of
an
entire
Peace
between
these
two
Northern
Kingdoms
.
Vlrick
Frederick
,
the
Kings
Bastard-son
,
the
command
of
two
Regiments
,
and
a
considerable
Pension
for
his
life
;
and
that
he
suffered
the
Queen
to
enjoy
the
Rents
of
Ween
during
her
life
,
they
having
been
hers
before
.
Indeed
his
Majesty
of
Denmark
had
not
onely
laid
aside
all
rankor
of
spirit
,
but
also
all
desire
of
ruling
over
his
neighbours
,
which
creep
on
men
of
generous
mindes
sometimes
against
their
wills
,
being
contented
with
what
he
was
perswaded
might
be
sufficient
for
his
security
.
And
that
he
might
for
ever
bar
all
pretence
to
Denmark
,
he
thought
fit
to
assume
the
Title
of
Schonen
,
aiming
at
nothing
more
,
then
that
the
Executive
Treaties
might
speedily
be
brought
to
a
good
issue
.
Hence
,
as
soon
as
he
saw
some
hopes
of
it
,
he
straitly
enjoyn'd
his
Ambassadours
then
residing
at
Coppenhagen
,
And
indeed
his
Majesty
wondred
much
at
the
preposterous
counsells
of
the
Danes
,
that
they
delayed
to
put
a
final
period
to
the
Treaties
,
little
regarding
that
their
Subjects
sustained
great
damage
,
whilest
the
Army
abode
in
their
Countreys
.
Notwithstanding
,
suspecting
nothing
,
he
commanded
part
of
his
Forces
away
,
at
Flensburgh
he
gave
the
same
Orders
both
to
his
Ambassadours
at
Coppenhagen
,
and
also
to
Count
Wrangel
,
and
the
rather
for
that
it
was
told
him
by
Gyldenlow
that
the
Commissioners
were
not
onely
in
a
manner
agreed
concerning
the
satisfaction
of
the
African
Company
,
Bremer
Vorden
.
But
if
it
had
been
his
Majesties
pleasure
to
have
assaulted
the
Danes
afresh
,
he
would
,
as
consulting
with
the
present
state
of
Affairs
,
have
remitted
something
of
his
Right
in
the
cause
of
the
Brandeburgh
,
and
would
not
have
had
so
urg'd
the
Danes
to
furnish
out
their
Fleet
,
unless
a
man
should
believe
that
the
King
of
Sweden
purpos'd
to
provide
weapons
for
his
enemies
.
But
when
he
saw
most
certainly
,
that
the
Danes
in
their
procrastinations
had
quite
another
drift
then
the
tranquillity
of
the
North
,
and
that
to
spend
time
,
and
to
delay
under
some
colourable
pretence
the
conference
with
his
Ambassadours
,
and
that
Owen
Juul
was
sent
in
Embassy
about
no
other
business
,
then
what
the
Ambassadors
at
Coppenhagen
were
fully
instructed
in
;
being
taught
by
infallible
arguments
that
his
moderation
and
gentleness
had
been
of
little
or
no
avail
with
the
Danes
,
and
that
his
courtesies
had
onely
encouraged
them
to
the
more
foul
ingratitude
and
desperate
madness
.
For
the
Danes
had
perswaded
themselves
,
that
he
could
not
,
though
he
should
never
so
much
desire
it
,
make
any
stay
in
Denmark
,
especially
since
they
understood
,
whiles
these
matters
had
depended
,
that
the
King
of
Hungary
and
Bohemia
,
a
deadly
enemy
of
the
Swedes
,
was
elected
Emperor
of
Germany
,
that
the
Brandeburgh
Ambassadors
were
gone
in
dislike
from
Flensburgh
without
taking
leave
of
the
King
,
and
that
the
City
of
Thorun
was
straitly
besieged
.
His
most
Serene
Majesty
of
Sweden
therefore
was
not
stirr'd
up
against
the
Danes
by
any
blinde
desire
of
embroiling
himself
in
War
,
But
the
consideration
of
these
and
other
things
was
overpowred
by
the
truly
royal
affection
he
bare
to
his
Kingdom
and
people
,
which
would
by
no
means
permit
,
that
by
chastising
the
injuries
of
others
,
he
should
again
expose
his
Countrey
to
the
robberies
and
outrages
of
the
Danes
,
chiefly
since
by
those
unlucky
delayes
many
fair
opportunities
were
already
elapsed
,
that
his
enemies
by
degrees
had
gotten
strength
,
and
those
who
formerly
were
hardly
able
to
make
any
defence
,
were
now
so
bold
as
to
invade
and
make
a
new
War
upon
him
;
and
lastly
that
those
,
who
had
purposed
to
be
at
Peace
,
were
now
grown
furious
,
and
threatned
his
utter
destruction
.
To
which
may
be
added
,
that
however
his
Majesty
might
be
able
to
sustain
the
Wars
brought
on
him
by
others
,
yet
he
foresaw
great
difficulty
in
avoiding
the
Armies
of
the
Danes
,
and
the
performance
of
what
they
had
contriv'd
at
Gluckstad
,
especially
being
environed
by
so
great
a
multitude
of
enemies
.
Therefore
he
held
it
most
necessary
,
since
he
could
not
hinder
,
yet
to
avoid
and
frustrate
these
Danish
designs
against
Sweden
,
and
forasmuch
as
there
was
no
safety
but
in
Arms
,
he
deem'd
it
not
unfit
to
exchange
a
War
for
a
faithless
Peace
,
having
resolv'd
,
if
God
should
prosper
his
undertakings
,
(
of
which
the
justice
of
his
cause
forbids
him
to
doubt
)
never
to
desist
till
he
should
see
a
faithful
,
sincere
,
and
durable
Peace
restored
and
settled
betwixt
these
Northern
Kingdoms
.
And
though
his
Sacred
Royal
Majesty
of
Sweden
had
entertain'd
quite
another
opinion
of
the
King
of
Denmark
,
he
could
not
possibly
be
induced
,
to
think
that
a
Prince
formerly
commended
for
his
affection
to
Peace
,
and
who
had
sought
to
express
the
same
in
severall
debates
and
overtures
,
should
now
assume
a
contrary
temper
;
yet
could
he
not
,
though
it
was
his
earnest
desire
,
refrain
from
War
,
which
was
the
onely
imaginable
remedy
to
preserve
himself
against
the
treacheries
of
the
Danes
.
Nor
is
the
King
himself
to
be
excus'd
,
for
he
must
justly
be
presum'd
to
have
liked
and
approved
what
his
Ministers
did
,
since
through
his
unseasonable
facility
,
he
restrain'd
it
not
,
as
by
his
authority
he
might
and
ought
.
But
as
for
the
effusion
of
Christian
bloud
,
without
which
this
business
cannot
be
effected
,
Lastly
,
touching
the
desolation
of
the
Provinces
,
The
success
of
which
Counsels
,
their
posterity
,
those
that
shall
be
left
of
them
,
may
deplore
,
when
it
is
too
late
,
not
without
horrid
execrations
on
their
Ancestors
;
in
that
they
preferred
a
doubtful
War
,
and
such
as
would
draw
nothing
after
it
but
ruine
,
before
a
sincere
and
a
secure
Peace
.
FINIS
.