A
RELATION
Of
the
BATTAIL
OF
ELVAS
.
THE
unseasonable
death
of
King
J●hn
the
fourth
of
happy
memory
,
whom
Heaven
had
miraculously
restored
to
the
usurped
Scepter
of
the
Portuguais
Monarchy
,
encouraged
the
Arms
of
Spain
to
try
the
fortune
of
war
in
the
minority
of
the
new
King
Alfonso
the
sixth
.
In
order
to
this
end
,
in
the
beginning
of
the
year
1657.
D.
Francisco
Tutavila
Duke
of
St.
Germane
set
out
of
Badajos
with
12000
Foot
and
4000
Horse
against
the
Town
of
Olivenza
,
and
notwithstanding
the
vigilant
care
of
the
Queen
Regent
in
sending
a
brave
army
to
succour
that
place
,
(
rather
by
fate
and
the
favour
of
fortune
,
then
by
any
act
of
valour
or
military
order
)
he
became
master
of
it
,
and
in
a
few
dayes
the
town
of
Mouram
yielded
to
him
too
,
having
first
bravely
defended
it self
.
With
these
successes
the
Armies
of
Spain
retired
triumphant
,
making
known
to
the
Nations
of
Europe
a
secret
not
till
then
discovered
,
that
in
the
military
contentions
of
those
two
Crowns
the
Portugueses
could
be
conquered
.
But
the
contentment
of
this
victory
lasted
not
many
dayes
,
for
in
the
Autumn
of
the
same
year
the
Army
of
Portugal
under
the
command
of
John
Mendes
de
Vasconcellos
Lieutenant
Geneneral
of
Alentejo
recovered
the
town
of
Mouram
,
but
with
this
difference
in
the
case
,
that
now
it
was
garrison'd
with
souldiers
it
was
won
in
three
dayes
,
which
having
none
before
but
the
people
of
the
Countrey
in
it
,
had
resisted
eleven
.
Portugal
was
now
deprived
of
the
satisfaction
of
Olivenza
,
and
though
the
taking
of
Albuquerque
or
Valenza
had
been
a
sufficient
compensation
for
it
,
such
was
the
bravery
of
the
Portugues
that
they
could
not
be
content
to
proportion
their
revenge
to
their
loss
,
but
aspiring
generously
to
some
greater
enterprize
,
the
12.
of
June
in
the
year
of
our
Lord
1658.
the
Army
of
Portugal
sate
down
before
Badajos
the
place
and
magazine
of
Arms
of
the
Kingdome
of
Castile
.
It
would
be
for
the
credit
of
Portugal
here
to
relate
those
glorious
feats
of
Arms
which
were
atchieved
in
the
course
of
their
seige
,
as
well
in
investing
and
storming
the
Fort
of
St.
Christopher
,
as
in
the
obstinate
battail
and
glorious
victory
which
preceded
the
taking
of
Fort
St.
Michael
.
But
as
these
successes
are
committed
to
the
care
of
another
Pen
,
which
will
shortly
make
them
publick
,
and
my
business
is
confin'd
only
to
the
success
of
the
succour
of
Elvas
,
it
will
not
be
for
me
to
intrench
upon
the
glory
of
another
,
nor
to
exceed
the
limits
of
my
undertaking
.
The
enterprize
of
Badajos
went
to
the
heart
of
the
King
of
Spain
,
who
was
highly
offended
that
the
world
should
see
at
this
time
his
place
of
Arms
beseiged
,
a
chance
which
till
then
had
not
happened
to
him
in
any
part
of
Europe
.
And
●●e
resentment
thereof
was
so
deep
,
that
he
recommended
the
succouring
of
it
to
his
favourite
Don
Luis
de
Haro
.
So
great
was
the
umbrage
that
Kingdome
took
,
though
there
be
so
much
hazard
in
the
absence
of
a
favourite
from
his
Prince
,
that
Don
Luis
resolved
he
would
be
the
first
should
leave
the
King
in
this
occasion
.
He
began
then
to
call
together
the
Nobility
of
Spain
,
and
the
pretenders
to
Court
,
some
out
of
flattery
,
and
others
out
of
dependence
,
drew
presently
together
,
and
making
many
levies
through
those
Kingdomes
,
their
forces
arrived
at
Merida
Albuquerque
and
Olivenza
.
At
this
time
the
Arms
of
Portugal
with
an
obstinate
seige
of
four
moneths
had
reduced
Badajos
to
the
last
gasp
.
When
Heaven
fighting
in
favour
of
the
beseiged
afflicted
the
beseigers
with
so
many
and
so
grievous
diseases
,
that
besides
the
chief
Captains
who
retired
to
Elvas
in
that
extremity
,
there
dyed
600
officers
through
the
same
occasion
,
the
number
of
the
common
souldiers
who
were
sick
amounting
to
twelve
thousand
.
Some
Armies
,
that
had
been
deprived
of
so
many
vital
spirits
,
would
have
left
off
the
seige
in
disorder
,
not
like
this
Nation
,
who
with
invincible
constancy
shewed
it
possible
to
live
by
the
river
of
Guadiana
in
the
heat
of
the
Dog-dayes
.
But
the
publick
calamity
every
day
encreasing
,
though
their
generous
ambition
would
not
have
let
them
lose
that
glory
which
they
had
now
almost
in
their
hands
,
it
was
unanimously
resolved
by
all
the
Captains
to
save
the
remainder
of
the
Army
,
which
was
done
the
twelfth
of
October
,
but
with
so
much
bravery
and
good
order
,
that
in
the
judgement
of
the
skilful
in
the
art
of
war
,
Portugal
might
make
as
much
account
of
that
retreat
,
as
she
could
have
done
of
the
greatest
victory
.
There
were
now
remaining
in
the
fields
of
Badajos
no
other
marks
of
the
siege
,
then
the
Trenches
which
were
made
in
the
earth
,
and
the
Carkases
which
had
perished
by
the
sword
of
the
Portugues
.
The
Besiegers
carryed
all
away
with
them
,
with
too
scrupulous
a
care
,
that
they
even
set
fire
to
a
little
Boat
which
was
broken
in
their
march
,
that
it
might
not
be
taken
.
And
so
retired
in
great
quiet
,
the
Spanish
Army
not
daring
to
hinder
them
,
or
so
much
as
embarasse
their
retreat
.
But
as
soon
as
our
army
was
retired
,
the
Auxiliaries
discharged
to
refresh
themselves
after
so
long
a
siege
,
the
Regiments
and
Troops
sent
into
Garrison
to
Campo
Major
,
Villa
vitiosa
,
Borba
,
Estremoz
,
Arroches
and
Monforte
,
and
that
the
power
of
Portugal
was
weakned
by
this
division
,
the
Spanish
army
upon
the
fifteenth
of
October
appeared
in
the
field
,
and
passing
over
the
River
of
Caya
,
marched
thorough
the
Plains
of
Portugal
.
The
Spanish
army
consisted
of
Fourteen
thousand
foot
,
●●d
Five
thousand
horse
,
of
which
Don
Luis
de
Haro
Marquess
of
Carpio
,
Count
and
Duke
of
Olivarez
,
Favourite
to
the
King
,
Master
of
the
Horse
,
and
great
Chancellor
of
the
East
Indies
,
was
Captain
General
.
The
Government
of
Arms
was
committed
to
the
charge
of
Francis
Tutavila
Duke
of
Saint
German
.
D.
Rodrigo
Muxica
was
Camp-master
General
,
the
Duke
of
Ossuna
General
of
the
Horse
,
Don
Gasper
de
la
Cueva
brother
to
the
Duke
of
Albuquerque
and
D.
Ventura
Tarragona
Generals
of
the
Artillery
,
the
one
in
the
exercise
,
the
other
in
the
title
,
who
had
besides
the
Office
of
Engineer
Major
.
D.
John
Pacheco
was
Lievtenant
General
of
the
Horse
.
The
Colonels
,
and
the
Captains
of
Horse
and
Foot
,
were
chosen
either
out
of
the
best
Nobility
,
or
those
who
had
done
the
most
deserving
services
.
So
that
in
the
Regiments
as
well
as
the
Troops
there
served
many
Titulati
,
many
sons
,
brothers
,
and
kinsmen
of
the
best
Houses
of
Spain
,
which
were
inforced
with
Four
thousand
Reformado-officers
,
a
strength
sufficient
to
conquer
an
ample
Monarchy
.
With
this
Army
so
formidable
both
for
number
and
quality
,
Don
Luis
de
Haro
marched
to
the
Fountain
of
Sapateiros
betwixt
Elvas
and
Estremos
,
and
being
able
to
atchieve
greater
matters
,
considering
the
condition
in
which
the
County
was
,
contented
himself
with
the
slight
enterprizes
of
Villaboim
,
Barbacenu
,
and
Sancta
Olaya
,
places
so
little
and
of
such
small
importance
,
that
they
served
onely
to
discredit
the
reputation
of
his
Arms
,
since
having
his
free
election
of
so
many
populous
Towns
as
were
near
his
Army
,
he
employed
it
onely
upon
such
,
as
for
the
inconsiderable
number
of
the
Inhabitants
were
not
able
to
defend
themselves
.
At
this
time
the
City
of
Elvas
was
in
so
miserable
a
condition
,
that
it
seemed
rather
an
Hospital
,
then
a
Town
,
that
had
either
Inhabitants
or
Souldiers
.
The
great
Officers
all
sick
to
extremity
,
excepting
Mendes
de
Vasconcellos
,
and
D.
Sancho
Manuel
Camp-master
General
and
Governor
of
the
Province
of
Beira
,
who
was
come
from
the
Town
of
Penamocor
to
give
life
to
the
siege
of
Badajos
,
and
exercise
the
office
of
Camp-master
General
,
arriving
there
the
same
day
that
the
Army
retired
.
D.
Rodrigo
de
Castro
Count
of
Mesquitela
was
gone
away
before
,
almost
despairing
of
his
life
,
to
the
town
of
Montemor
.
The
Regiments
,
some
were
without
Colonels
,
or
the
Colonels
without
Regiments
.
The
Troops
and
Companies
without
Captains
,
or
the
Captains
without
Troops
and
Companies
.
They
who
were
in
health
so
toil'd
and
harassed
with
a
long
siege
,
that
they
were
scarce
to
be
distinguished
from
the
sick
,
the
town
destitute
of
all
necessary
provisions
,
since
being
the
next
place
to
Badajos
,
it
wa●●otally
exhausted
with
supplying
the
Army
during
the
siege
.
This
was
the
condition
of
the
City
of
Elvas
,
which
besides
this
calamity
was
afflicted
with
another
as
great
,
and
that
was
from
the
consideration
that
all
they
had
was
in
this
place
.
For
here
were
all
the
great
Officers
,
John
Mendes
de
Vasconcellos
,
Andrew
Albuquerque
Camp-master
General
,
and
General
of
the
Horse
,
D.
Sancho
Manoel
Campmaster
General
,
and
Alfonso
Furtado
de
Mendosa
General
of
the
Artillery
,
Peter
James
Magellan
General
too
of
the
Artillery
,
&
who
had
been
General
of
the
Fleet
of
Brasile
,
D.
Francisco
de
Sousa
Count
of
Prado
,
of
his
Majesties
Councel
of
War
,
and
Governour
of
this
Town
and
Province
during
the
siege
of
Badajos
,
Fernando
de
Silveyra
of
the
Councel
of
War
,
and
Admiral
of
the
Navy
Royal
,
D.
Luis
Almeida
,
who
had
been
Governor
of
the
River
of
Janeiro
in
the
State
of
Brasile
,
and
who
was
to
be
Governour
of
this
town
in
case
the
Count
of
Prado
should
be
disabled
by
sickness
.
In
Elvas
also
were
these
Colonels
Diego
Gomes
de
Figueiredo
Campmaster
of
the
Army
Royal
,
John
Leite
d'
Oliveira
,
Augustin
Andrada
,
Simon
Correa
da
Silva
,
Luis
Alvares
de
Tauora
Count
of
Saint
John
,
Diego
de
Mendosa
Furtado
of
payd
Regiments
,
and
Bernardino
de
Siqueira
,
Antonio
de
Sa
de
Menezes
,
and
Manoel
de
Sousa
de
Castro
of
Auxiliaries
,
Fran
.
Pacheco
Mascarenhas
and
Don
John
Mascarenhas
Count
of
Torre
,
whose
men
were
in
garrison
in
other
towns
,
they
themselves
being
detain'd
here
by
sickness
,
whose
forces
joyned
together
made
up
the
number
of
five
or
six
thousand
foot
.
In
this
place
also
were
the
Lieutenant
Generals
of
the
Cavalry
,
Achim
de
Tamaricurt
,
Manoel
,
Freire
d'
Andrada
,
and
Gil
Vas
Lobo
with
1500
horse
,
who
in
the
first
moneth
of
the
seige
at
several
sallies
got
out
of
the
town
,
leaving
behind
them
in
it
D.
John
de
Silva
Commissary
General
with
200
horse
.
Here
were
likewise
all
the
provisions
which
had
been
sav'd
with
the
Army
,
which
was
all
that
this
Province
in
so
long
a
seige
could
supply
it
with
,
here
was
the
train
of
Artillery
,
the
Tents
,
and
all
the
baggage
of
an
Army
;
and
lastly
,
though
there
were
not
much
in
the
place
,
all
was
there
that
was
in
the
Countrey
.
This
information
coming
from
all
parts
animated
the
Spanish
Army
to
the
resolution
of
beseiging
Elvas
,
as
being
confident
that
the
place
had
neither
force
within
to
defend
it self
,
nor
the
Kingdome
to
relieve
it
,
having
brought
into
the
field
,
in
less
then
a
year
and
half
,
three
numerous
Armies
only
of
one
Nation
,
the
last
of
which
had
been
totally
dissipated
by
sickness
,
and
that
it
would
now
be
difficult
to
draw
together
the
men
that
had
been
disbanded
,
in
regard
they
had
bee●
so
wearied
with
the
inconveniences
of
the
long
seige
of
Badajos
,
and
that
the
royal
patrimony
must
have
been
exhausted
with
the
vast
and
continued
charge
of
three
Armies
.
Elvas
is
the
second
City
of
the
Province
of
Alentejo
,
and
the
first
that
devides
the
Kingdomes
of
Portugal
and
Castile
,
distant
the
space
of
three
leagues
from
the
City
of
Badajos
,
and
the
chiefe
place
of
Arms
of
Portugal
.
It
consists
of
some
three
thousand
inhabitants
,
and
is
an
Episcopal
Sea
,
the
Peasants
are
rich
,
and
the
Countrey
about
it
covered
with
Vines
and
Olives
,
and
many
pleasant
gardens
which
serve
both
for
the
use
and
delight
of
the
inhabitants
.
It
is
situated
on
the
side
of
a
hill
,
upon
which
there
is
a
Castle
which
eminently
overlooks
a
deep
valley
.
About
it
are
five
small
hills
,
Casarano
,
St.
Lucy
,
St.
Peter
,
and
St.
Francis
,
which
are
all
near
,
and
our
Lady
of
grace
which
lies
at
more
distance
.
The
two
first
were
fortified
with
out-works
,
that
of
St.
Lucy
with
four
Bulwarks
and
some
ravelines
,
and
that
of
Casarano
with
a
crown
;
both
of
them
having
communication
with
the
town
by
cover'd
wayes
.
The
hills
of
St.
Francis
and
St.
Peter
were
not
at
all
fortified
,
the
Enemy
possessing
themselves
of
the
first
the
first
day
that
they
sate
down
before
the
town
,
and
it
was
thought
fit
to
fortifie
the
second
after
the
beginning
of
the
seige
.
Our
Lady
of
Grace
,
though
the
most
eminent
of
them
all
above
the
Castle
was
excused
from
being
fortified
by
reason
of
the
distance
.
Betwixt
these
hills
run
two
little
rivers
by
the
inhabitants
called
Chinches
and
Seto
,
which
in
a
little
space
empty
themselves
into
the
Caya
,
and
with
it
into
the
river
of
Guadiana
.
The
town
was
anciently
wall'd
according
to
the
necessity
of
those
times
,
but
of
late
fortified
with
Curtaines
,
Bulwarks
,
and
half
Bulwarks
,
encompassed
with
a
broad
and
deep
ditch
,
with
divers
ravelines
,
half-moons
,
and
cover'd
waygal
accommodated
to
the
irregularity
of
the
situation
,
and
according
to
the
precepts
of
modern
fortification
.
The
situation
does
much
assist
the
art
of
the
fortification
,
being
disposed
in
that
manner
,
that
from
the
irregularity
of
the
place
there
arise
so
many
sorts
of
defence
,
that
there
is
no
part
of
the
circumference
which
hath
not
many
batteries
,
and
is
not
flanked
with
bulwarks
,
walls
and
out-works
,
which
are
further
strengthened
by
the
nature
of
the
situation
,
as
being
founded
upon
a
rock
,
with
little
earth
in
the
superficies
,
which
made
the
approaches
difficult
,
the
ditch
being
also
cut
in
the
quick
rock
,
all
which
together
makes
it
one
of
the
strongest
and
best
places
of
Europe
.
The
22.
of
October
in
the
morning
,
the
Spanish
army
appeared
before
the
Monastery
of
St.
Francis
,
that
solitary
and
religious
habitation
of
the
Capuchin
Friars
of
the
Province
of
Piedade
,
distant
from
the
town
about
musquet
shot
.
In
w●●ch
place
lay
sick
in
the
last
period
of
his
life
the
Count
of
Penaguiano
,
who
was
great
Chamberlain
to
his
Majestie
,
his
Councellor
of
state
and
war
,
and
had
been
Ambassador
extraordinary
to
the
Commonwealth
of
England
.
Christian
modesty
obligeth
me
not
to
mention
the
insolencies
that
were
committed
against
those
sacred
walls
,
the
indecencies
done
to
those
religious
persons
which
inhabited
them
,
the
confusion
and
darkness
of
the
night
would
not
let
them
take
notice
of
what
piety
and
reverence
obliged
them
to
.
And
yet
I
can
not
deny
,
but
that
the
Count
being
in
that
condition
,
they
had
no
natural
compassion
for
him
,
imprisoning
a
carkass
rather
then
a
man
,
for
in
a
few
houres
after
his
imprisonment
he
dyed
,
adding
honour
by
the
circumstances
of
his
death
to
those
great
services
which
he
had
rendred
his
Prince
when
he
was
living
.
Upon
the
first
noise
of
this
Mendes
de
Vasconcellos
sent
Gomes
de
Figuiredo
with
a
party
to
be
ascertained
of
the
truth
of
this
rumour
,
and
then
Simon
Correa
da
Silva
with
another
,
who
skirmish'd
all
day
with
that
part
of
the
enemies
army
,
which
had
taken
up
their
quarters
in
the
Monastery
,
driving
one
another
out
twice
,
so
that
on
both
sides
they
received
great
loss
,
till
the
approach
of
night
parted
the
combate
,
the
enemy
making
good
the
post
.
The
14
/
24.
of
October
arriv'd
at
Lisbone
the
newes
of
the
enemies
intent
,
and
of
the
seige
of
Elvas
,
and
though
there
were
some
reason
to
deject
their
hopes
considering
the
state
of
the
Kingdome
,
they
were
rais'd
with
the
consideration
of
the
justice
of
their
cause
,
and
the
rare
prudence
and
restless
activity
of
the
Queen
Regent
,
who
took
such
care
for
the
preservation
of
her
Kingdomes
,
and
the
defence
of
her
subjects
.
It
was
then
,
that
desiring
to
provide
a
convenient
remedy
for
the
occurring
mischief
,
in
which
there
was
such
need
of
some
person
of
great
courage
and
high
fidelity
,
she
call'd
for
the
Count
of
Cantanhede
D.
Luis
de
Meneses
Councellor
of
state
and
war
,
and
Governour
of
Cascais
,
and
after
she
had
represented
to
him
the
importance
of
the
business
,
nominated
him
for
the
imployment
.
The
reasons
with
which
the
Queen
perswaded
the
Count
to
undertake
this
expedition
as
they
passed
only
betwixt
her
Majesty
and
the
Count
are
not
come
to
publick
knowledge
.
It
is
probable
that
to
the
zeal
of
the
Count
it
was
enough
that
the
business
concerned
the
good
of
the
Kingdome
,
and
that
for
the
same
reason
that
the
expedition
was
so
highly
hazardous
,
he
was
the
more
willing
to
accept
it
,
it
being
a
quality
inseparable
from
valour
to
love
danger
.
It
may
be
the
reasons
that
prevailed
with
him
are
the
same
as
are
contain'd
in
the
letter
which
the
Queen
was
pleas'd
to
write
to
him
,
of
which
I
have
here
set
down
a
copy
for
the
publick
curiosity
.
CONDE
my
friend
,
I
the
King
send
you
greeting
as
to
him
I
love
.
It
being
of
so
much
importance
to
send
into
the
Province
of
Alentejo
to
govern
there
during
the
continuance
of
the
Enemy
before
Elvas
,
some
such
person
as
may
ease
and
comfort
the
People
,
and
be
of
authority
capable
to
raise
an
Army
to
succour
the
place
if
necessity
require
,
though
for
the
importance
of
your
person
I
cannot
be
without
you
,
I
am
feigne
to
command
you
to
set
out
presently
to
deliver
me
from
the
care
,
which
the
affairs
of
that
Province
give
me
,
and
to
render
me
and
those
Kingdomes
so
great
a
service
as
that
will
be
.
And
because
with
one
who
bears
such
an
affection
to
me
and
to
the
Kingdome
,
and
so
much
desires
its
conservation
and
defence
,
a
few
words
will
prevail
to
undertake
the
business
,
upon
the
receipt
of
these
few
lines
I
hope
you
will
depart
,
and
by
these
I
command
all
Chiefs
and
Officers
of
War
and
Justice
,
and
that
they
fulfil
and
keep
your
orders
in
all
that
shall
concern
the
forementioned
business
,
wherein
I
hope
you
will
behave
your self
according
to
your
quality
and
the
good
affection
that
I
have
for
you
,
which
must
needs
be
two
powerful
incitations
to
such
a
man
as
you
.
Written
at
Lisbone
the
2d
.
of
November
,
in
the
year
1658.
The
QUEEN
.
To
the
commands
of
Kings
,
especially
when
they
respect
the
publick
good
,
ready
execution
is
the
best
answer
.
The
Count
as
he
was
obliged
by
obedience
and
publick
necessity
,
forthwith
provided
what
was
important
for
his
journey
.
The
20.
of
November
he
departed
from
the
Court
and
arrived
at
Estremos
the
24th
.
where
the
general
acclamations
wherewith
he
was
received
in
that
Province
,
was
the
first
presage
of
victory
,
and
a
certain
Prognostication
,
that
he
was
the
person
to
whom
they
were
to
owe
their
quiet
security
.
The
order
of
writing
requires
that
I
should
give
account
of
the
arrival
of
the
Count
at
Estremos
before
I
speak
of
the
sally
which
was
made
out
of
Elvas
by
Andrew
Albuquerque
camp-Master
General
,
and
Alfonso
Furtado
de
Mendosa
General
of
the
Artillery
,
who
being
commanded
out
of
Elvas
,
by
reason
of
the
want
there
was
of
Officers
for
the
new
Army
,
resolved
to
make
their
way
through
the
midst
of
the
Enemies
quarters
,
leaving
D.
Sancho
Manuel
behind
them
to
be
governour
of
the
town
.
They
sallied
the
14.
of
November
accompanied
only
with
a
hundred
horse
,
amongst
whom
were
the
chief
Captains
of
the
Army
and
Officers
of
the
Treasury
,
and
with
their
swords
in
their
hands
opened
their
way
in
such
manner
,
that
they
got
the
same
day
to
Estremos
,
leaving
their
enemies
more
busied
in
admiring
,
then
in
hindring
of
them
.
There
was
not
at
this
time
in
all
the
garrisons
of
the
Countrey
above
two
thousand
paid
Foot
and
1800
Horse
,
both
of
them
harassed
out
with
the
continual
service
of
the
long
seige
of
Badajos
.
The
train
of
Artillery
was
in
Elvas
and
the
munition
.
The
Kingdome
was
mightily
exhausted
of
men
,
for
besides
those
who
were
lost
in
service
and
wasted
in
the
past
Campania's
,
it
had
supplied
for
four
moneths
continually
the
seige
of
Badajos
with
new
men
,
the
greater
part
of
which
were
consumed
with
sickness
,
and
the
rest
made
unserviceable
.
And
since
in
the
Armies
of
Portugal
there
is
no
other
Nation
serves
but
the
Portugues
,
it
was
so
,
that
when
the
Count
went
to
raise
a
new
Army
,
it
seemed
a
greater
business
to
undertake
,
then
he
found
it
was
to
effect
it
.
At
this
time
the
Enemy
made
good
about
the
town
fix
quarters
,
the
Bargada
which
lay
towards
Campo
major
,
la
Courte
betwixt
the
fountain
dos
Ferradores
and
the
valley
of
Revelles
in
the
way
from
Atalaya
,
the
valley
of
Marmelo
,
which
fronted
Atalaya
,
the
quarter
of
Cosena
which
began
in
the
way
of
Villa
boim
,
and
extended
to
the
fifth
in
the
Covent
of
the
Franciscans
,
the
sixth
upon
the
top
of
our
Lady
of
Grace
.
All
these
quarters
were
strongly
fortified
,
and
lines
of
circumvallations
made
with
Forts
at
proportionate
distances
,
all
of
them
wrought
according
to
art
.
The
best
amongst
them
,
and
that
which
had
given
the
Enemy
the
greatest
thought
,
was
the
fortification
of
the
valley
of
Marmelo
,
and
that
of
la
Corte
,
which
were
close
together
,
being
affraid
of
that
side
towards
Villa
vitiosa
,
from
whence
according
to
their
intelligence
there
was
a
designe
to
introduce
succour
.
The
quarter
of
Bargada
was
committed
to
the
charge
of
Don
Ventura
Tarragona
General
of
the
Artillery
,
in
which
was
lodged
the
greatest
part
of
the
Cavalry
.
In
the
quarter
of
la
Corte
(
which
was
governed
by
the
Duke
of
St.
German
)
lay
their
best
regiments
of
Foot
.
The
valley
of
Marmelo
which
was
the
charge
of
D.
Gaspar
de
la
Cueva
was
garrison'd
with
a
good
grosse
of
foot
to
make
opposition
against
the
succour
which
in
their
opinion
would
attempt
to
enter
that
way
.
The
quarter
of
Cosena
belonged
to
the
Duke
of
Ossuna
,
who
as
General
of
the
Horse
had
the
choisest
troops
with
him
,
though
for
number
they
were
no
more
then
those
in
the
quarter
of
Bargada
.
The
quarters
of
St.
Francis
and
our
Lady
of
Grace
were
alike
manned
.
The
one
being
the
charge
of
D.
John
de
Zuinga
son
to
the
Marquis
of
Avila
fuente
,
and
the
other
of
Collonel
Martin
Sanches
Pardo
.
In
this
order
the
Enemy
lay
before
the
place
determining
to
have
the
victory
by
the
benefit
of
time
,
and
without
using
any
approaches
or
assaults
,
continually
offended
it
with
their
Canon
,
from
which
no
part
of
the
City
was
secure
.
And
yet
the
Arms
which
most
afflicted
the
beseiged
were
those
of
Heaven
,
which
scattering
abroad
with
a
strange
contagion
,
the
malignity
of
diseases
diminished
the
number
of
the
Defenders
so
fast
,
that
in
fourscore
dayes
that
the
seige
continued
,
there
dyed
betwixt
Countrey-men
and
Souldiers
seven
thousand
persons
.
The
want
of
remedies
encreased
the
danger
,
the
consideration
that
they
were
wanting
encreased
the
infirmities
.
In
the
Apothecaries
shops
there
were
none
of
those
medicines
,
which
experience
hath
invented
against
the
violence
of
diseases
.
There
were
no
Physicians
to
be
had
for
the
sick
,
since
the
Physicians
wanted
help
themselves
.
There
was
neither
dyet
nor
nourishment
for
people
in
that
condition
,
and
the
misery
had
been
far
greater
,
but
for
the
providence
of
the
Conde
General
,
who
continually
stole
into
the
town
some
relief
or
other
of
that
kind
from
Campo
major
.
The
Conde
General
travail'd
in
raising
the
new
Army
with
all
heat
,
and
without
losing
an
houres
time
,
or
giving
himself
any
ordinary
refreshment
,
there
seemed
a
contention
betwixt
the
fatigues
of
his
body
and
mind
.
The
advice
he
had
of
the
condition
of
the
place
doubled
his
cares
,
which
were
encreased
by
the
knowledge
that
the
Enemy
every
day
expected
recrutes
,
wherewith
to
re-inforce
his
strength
.
And
understanding
most
particularly
their
Forces
,
and
the
calamities
of
the
Town
,
he
used
so
noble
a
dissimulation
to
animate
his
Souldiers
,
that
with
great
chearfulness
he
gave
it
out
,
that
the
Army
was
rather
going
to
a
Victory
then
Relief
,
since
the
Enemy
had
nothing
to
hope
,
nor
the
Town
to
fear
:
So
well
does
a
great
minde
in
the
appearances
of
the
extreamest
danger
,
know
how
to
triumph
over
bad
fortune
.
In
this
Siege
there
was
seen
a
notable
testimony
of
what
the
Justice
of
a
Cause
can
do
:
for
during
the
time
of
it
,
there
were
above
3000
Spaniards
who
came
and
rendred
themselves
voluntarily
in
several
Towns
of
Portugal
,
and
selling
their
Arms
and
Horses
at
the
best
price
,
desired
Pasports
for
their
own
Countrey
,
from
whence
they
had
been
forced
by
violence
.
This
being
a
rare
case
,
that
not
mercenary
Nations
,
but
the
very
natural
Vassals
of
a
King
,
should
rather
go
over
to
the
Enemy
,
then
cooperate
in
an
unjust
enterprize
.
And
yet
there
was
not
one
example
either
in
the
Town
or
Army
,
of
any
Portugues
that
went
over
to
the
Spaniard
,
notwithstanding
the
many
Manifests
dispersed
through
the
Camp
in
which
Don
Luis
de
Haro
tempted
the
fidelity
of
the
Portugues
with
large
and
extraordinary
promises
.
The
success
answered
the
diligence
of
the
Conde
General
;
for
in
the
end
of
December
there
was
a
new
Army
formed
,
if
not
equal
to
that
of
the
Enemy
,
at
the
least
capable
to
attempt
the
relieving
of
the
place
.
In
this
short
time
a
Train
of
Artillery
was
formed
,
Provisions
got
together
,
Carriages
mounted
,
the
Souldiers
paid
,
and
the
Auxiliaries
assembled
out
of
the
Countries
,
men
saw
with
their
eyes
an
Army
,
and
with
their
discourses
measured
the
time
,
when
their
judgements
suspended
betwixt
their
sense
and
their
reason
,
would
hardly
let
them
believe
what
their
eyes
saw
.
But
the
power
of
diligence
is
not
to
be
measured
by
the
space
of
the
hours
,
and
a
great
zeal
often
brings
things
about
in
an
instant
,
which
are
not
to
be
wrought
by
time
.
At
the
same
time
the
Conde
General
sent
to
provide
store
of
Ovens
in
the
Town
of
Campo
Mayor
,
which
is
three
Leagues
distant
from
the
City
of
Elvas
,
whence
there
were
continually
Convoys
passing
,
that
in
case
there
were
occasion
,
the
Army
might
be
provided
that
way
.
And
at
the
same
time
they
had
others
in
Villa
Vitiosa
,
Borba
,
and
Estremos
,
for
the
same
effect
:
for
though
the
intent
of
the
General
were
to
succour
the
place
by
force
,
and
to
break
and
dislodge
the
Enemy
with
his
sword
in
his
hand
,
it
was
prudence
,
since
the
success
of
War
depend
upon
the
providence
of
God
,
to
be
provided
against
all
accidents
,
in
case
necessity
should
advise
another
way
of
succour
.
The
Conde
General
having
thus
disposed
things
according
to
the
dictates
of
valour
and
prudence
,
the
17
of
December
wrote
to
D.
Sancto
Manoel
,
Governour
of
the
Town
,
that
for
the
better
effecting
of
a
business
of
that
importance
,
he
thought
it
fit
that
he
should
call
together
all
the
Commanders
that
were
with
him
,
and
take
their
opinions
concerning
the
way
and
manner
of
introducing
the
succour
,
advertising
him
particularly
of
the
condition
in
which
the
Enemies
Army
was
.
The
23d
,
the
Conde
General
received
D.
Sancto
Manoels
answer
,
wherein
after
he
had
described
the
Form
,
the
Fortifications
,
and
the
Strength
of
the
Enemies
Quarters
,
he
gave
an
account
of
the
opinion
of
his
Captains
,
as
he
was
directed
,
and
that
by
the
universal
consent
of
them
all
,
the
best
way
to
introduce
the
Succour
,
was
,
for
the
Army
to
march
with
their
swords
in
their
hands
straight
to
the
Town
,
by
our
Lady
of
Grace
,
leaving
the
left-hand
way
;
for
besides
that
our
Army
by
that
means
would
march
cover'd
and
defended
by
the
River
of
Chinches
on
the
right
hand
,
till
they
came
under
the
Artillery
of
the
Town
:
This
was
the
only
way
that
the
Town
could
assist
the
Army
,
which
by
reason
of
the
smallness
of
their
numbers
,
could
not
sally
out
but
under
their
own
Cannon
.
He
advertised
him
that
there
were
various
opinions
concerning
the
taking
of
the
Quarter
called
our
Lady
of
Grace
,
some
thinking
it
not
fit
to
imbarque
the
Army
in
it
,
and
that
there
was
nothing
to
be
feared
from
thence
,
since
by
reason
of
its
great
height
,
it
could
give
no
considerable
offence
.
And
yet
the
greater
number
of
which
,
he
was
one
thought
it
best
to
send
a
part
of
the
Army
to
possess
that
Post
,
since
by
that
means
it
would
be
impossible
for
the
Enemy
to
body
in
that
place
;
and
the
Convoys
of
Campo-Major
would
be
secured
in
case
there
were
any
need
of
them
.
The
17
of
December
arrived
at
Estremos
D.
Rodrigo
de
Castro
,
Count
of
Mesquitella
,
whom
a
great
and
dangerous
sickness
could
not
hinder
from
coming
to
exercise
his
Office
of
Camp-Master
General
in
so
perillous
an
occasion
,
and
though
his
countenance
and
disposition
sufficiently
discovered
the
severity
of
his
disease
;
in
the
noise
of
Armes
(
which
are
natural
to
those
who
are
bred
to
them
)
within
a
few
days
he
was
perfectly
recovered
.
These
informations
being
come
from
the
Town
,
which
the
Conde
General
trusted
only
with
himself
,
he
called
the
chief
Captains
of
the
Army
to
Counsel
,
where
for
the
better
observing
of
secrecy
,
were
only
present
,
Andrew
Albuquerque
General
of
the
horse
,
the
Count
of
Mesquitella
the
General
of
the
Artillery
,
Alfonso
Furtado
de
Mendosa
,
&
the
Conde
de
Feira
He
represented
to
them
the
condition
of
the
Enemies
Fortifications
,
and
that
the
importance
of
Elvas
would
admit
no
dispute
whether
they
should
put
in
succour
,
but
only
of
the
way
how
succour
should
be
put
in
;
and
so
they
should
only
confer
on
that
which
offered
it self
upon
this
particular
.
They
all
agreed
unanimously
of
the
same
way
,
which
the
Captains
in
the
Town
had
done
,
in
which
the
Conde
General
acquiesced
with
great
contentment
,
taking
this
consent
of
the
Captains
in
both
places
,
for
a
certain
presage
of
victory
,
it
seeming
probable
to
him
,
that
the
judgements
of
men
being
so
different
,
this
uniformity
of
opinions
could
proceed
from
no
other
cause
then
the
inspiration
of
God
,
upon
whom
alone
depends
the
felicity
of
successes
.
The
way
of
putting
in
the
succours
being
agreed
on
,
there
was
advice
thereof
sent
to
the
Governour
of
the
Town
,
the
Conde
General
ordering
him
to
send
Guides
to
conduct
the
Army
that
way
,
advertising
him
of
what
was
most
necessary
,
that
he
might
be
ready
.
The
next
days
were
spent
in
getting
together
what
was
fit
for
the
march
of
the
Army
,
which
was
design'd
to
be
the
Eleventh
of
January
,
of
which
there
was
advice
sent
to
the
Governour
of
the
Town
,
by
three
Courriers
,
who
were
all
taken
by
the
Enemy
.
The
Conde
General
,
by
means
of
Francisco
de
Brito
,
Governor
of
Jerumenha
,
who
had
been
General
of
the
Fleets
of
Brasile
,
had
Spies
in
the
Enemies
Army
in
pay
,
who
continually
informed
him
of
their
Power
,
and
in
the
beginning
of
January
he
received
advice
,
that
with
the
great
levies
which
successively
came
to
them
,
and
the
Horse
which
they
had
in
their
Garisons
,
their
Army
came
to
Eleven
thousand
Foot
,
and
3000
Horse
,
which
did
not
alter
the
chearfulness
and
resolution
of
the
Conde
General
.
The
day
design'd
was
come
,
when
men
by
their
discourses
conjectured
the
success
;
for
the
days
before
being
rainy
and
cloudy
,
the
Sun
this
morning
rose
with
so
much
brightness
,
as
if
the
Spring
had
been
come
before
its
time
,
to
give
the
Portugues
Army
the
welcome
of
Victory
.
With
so
chearful
and
auspicious
a
presage
,
the
Conde
General
set
out
of
Estremos
,
and
mustering
his
men
,
as
well
those
who
were
with
him
,
as
those
who
out
of
the
Garrisons
were
to
joyn
with
the
Army
,
he
found
they
amounted
in
all
to
8000
Foot
,
whereof
2500
only
were
in
pay
,
the
rest
being
Militia
men
,
who
with
their
gallantry
and
valour
,
supplyed
the
defects
of
their
number
and
quality
,
shewing
by
the
chearfulness
of
their
countenances
,
that
they
went
rather
to
conquer
then
to
fight
.
There
followed
2000
Baggage
horses
,
which
carried
Victuals
and
Ammunition
,
with
2000
sheep
and
hoggs
to
put
into
the
Town
,
a
hundred
Carts
loaden
with
Munition
Planks
,
and
other
implements
of
War
,
seven
pieces
of
Artillery
,
from
two
to
four
pound
bullets
,
the
condition
of
the
ways
not
enduring
any
bigger
.
Who
were
the
chief
Commanders
of
this
Army
,
may
be
seen
in
other
places
as
I
have
had
occasion
to
name
them
;
but
here
it
will
be
so
necessary
to
particularize
every
one
,
that
the
repetition
of
them
again
,
can
be
no
fault
.
Don
Luis
de
Meneses
,
then
Count
of
Cantanhede
,
commanded
the
Army
;
Camp-Masters
General
were
Andrew
Albuquerque
,
great
Constable
of
Sintra
,
who
was
also
General
of
the
Horse
,
and
D.
Rodrigo
de
Castro
,
Count
of
Mesquitella
,
and
Governor
of
the
Province
beyond
the
mountains
,
Alfonso
Furtado
de
Mendosa
,
great
Constable
of
Covilliana
,
General
of
the
Artillery
.
Lieutenant-Generals
of
the
horse
,
were
Achim
de
Tamaricourt
,
and
Dinis
de
Mello
de
Castro
,
who
were
of
this
Province
,
Manoel
Freire
d'
Andrada
,
and
Gil
Vas
Lobo
of
the
Province
of
Beira
,
and
Pedro
de
Lalanda
Frances
of
the
County
of
Algarue
,
John
Silva
de
Sousa
,
and
John
Vanicheli
were
Commissaries
.
The
Infantry
was
divided
into
16
Terces
or
Regiments
,
of
which
were
Colonels
,
Pedro
de
Mello
,
D.
Manoel
Henriques
,
Anthony
Galuano
,
Ferdinand
de
Mesquita
Pimentel
,
Bartholmy
de
Azeuedo
Coutinho
,
Gabriel
de
Castro
Barbosa
,
Luis
de
Sousa
de
Meneses
,
Luis
de
Mesquita
Pimentel
,
Alvaro
de
Azeuedo
Barreto
,
Antonio
de
Sa
Pereira
,
Gregory
de
Castro
de
Morais
,
Alfonso
de
Barros
Trouano
,
Lieutenant
to
the
Camp-Master-General
,
commanded
the
Regiment
of
Manoel
Velho
,
who
died
at
Estremos
;
Captain
Lucas
Barrozo
Sembrano
commanded
the
Regiment
of
Mertola
,
Major
Baltazar
de
Sa
Sotto
,
Major
of
the
Regiment
of
Moura
,
which
had
belonged
to
the
Baron
de
Alvito
,
Manoel
Nunes
Leitane
,
the
Regiment
of
the
Conde
da
Torre
,
Manoel
de
Silua
de
Orta
,
that
of
Francisco
Pacheco
Mascarenhas
,
Diego
Gomes
de
Figueiredo
,
Ascenso
,
Alvares
Barreto
,
and
Manoel
Lobato
Pinto
were
Lieutenants
of
the
Camp-Master-General
.
Our
Army
lodged
in
the
field
which
the
people
of
the
Countrey
call
Alcaravisa
,
near
to
an
Hermitage
of
our
Lady
of
Orada
,
an
ancient
Foundation
,
which
acknowledges
for
its
Founder
,
the
Constable
Nuno
Alvares
Pereira
,
that
terror
of
the
Castillian
Nation
,
and
immortal
honour
of
the
Portugues
,
the
sight
of
which
,
with
the
memory
of
him
,
so
spirited
our
Army
,
that
they
seem'd
to
bespeak
the
like
slaughter
to
the
Enemy
,
as
they
had
anciently
suffered
by
that
Captain
in
the
fields
of
Aljubarotta
.
Here
the
horse
and
foot
which
were
in
the
Towns
of
Villa
Vitiosa
,
Borba
,
and
Jerumenha
joyned
with
the
body
of
the
Army
,
the
night
following
they
lodged
a
league
from
Atallaya
dos
Matos
,
nor
would
they
make
any
greater
march
,
though
the
length
of
the
day
permitted
it
,
that
they
might
stay
for
the
horse
and
foot
which
were
to
come
from
Campo
major
,
Arronches
and
Monforte
.
The
march
continued
the
third
day
,
and
before
the
Army
could
reach
the
fountain
dos
Sapateiros
the
Enemy
sent
to
discover
them
from
Atallaya
,
which
they
had
possest
with
a
troop
of
horse
,
which
retired
,
and
with
them
the
Souldiers
which
garrison'd
Atallaya
,
and
then
the
Army
advancing
up
the
hill
from
whence
they
first
discovered
the
City
of
Elvas
,
the
General
of
the
Artillery
by
the
command
of
the
General
saluted
the
town
with
all
their
Artillery
,
to
which
they
answered
with
theirs
,
who
confident
of
their
success
congratulated
one
another
before
the
battail
with
demonstrations
that
are
used
in
victories
.
The
Army
marched
alwayes
within
sight
of
the
Enemies
quarters
,
till
they
took
their
lodging
at
the
Bishops
hill
on
the
other
side
our
Lady
of
Grace
,
half
a
league
from
the
town
,
and
not
a
mile
from
the
Duke
of
Ossuna's
quarters
.
Then
the
camp-Master
General
and
General
of
the
horse
Andrew
Albuquerque
went
in
person
to
view
the
Enemies
lines
and
fortifications
on
that
side
,
which
he
found
so
much
mended
,
that
the
most
forward
courage
might
have
repented
the
intention
of
attempting
them
.
For
the
next
day
after
the
moving
of
the
Army
,
the
Enemy
took
five
men
which
Sancho
Manoel
had
sent
out
of
the
town
as
guides
to
the
Army
,
who
being
all
put
to
the
torture
,
confess'd
,
that
that
was
the
way
the
succour
was
to
come
,
which
was
the
cause
that
the
Enemy
with
incredible
labour
had
added
new
fortifications
to
the
first
,
making
the
lines
higher
and
the
trenches
deeper
,
and
fortifying
all
the
way
with
Estacades
,
Forts
and
redoubts
.
That
night
the
Conde
General
call'd
to
council
all
the
chiefs
of
the
Army
,
and
proposing
to
them
reasons
for
the
succouring
of
the
town
,
the
consequences
that
might
befall
the
Kingdome
if
it
were
not
succour'd
,
the
credit
of
the
Arms
of
Portugal
,
the
expectation
of
other
Nations
,
and
the
particular
honour
of
every
Captain
,
it
was
unanimously
agreed
to
relieve
the
place
what
ever
came
of
it
,
without
so
much
as
one
vote
that
considered
either
the
power
of
the
Enemy
so
much
superiour
,
or
the
strength
of
their
fortifications
.
Here
the
General
received
a
letter
from
Francisco
de
Brito
Governour
of
Jerumenha
,
who
gave
him
advice
,
that
the
night
before
there
were
come
recruits
to
the
Enemy
of
3000
foot
and
500
horse
,
whereby
their
Army
was
become
so
much
superiour
to
ours
,
that
they
were
14000
foot
and
3500
horse
besides
the
advantage
of
their
forts
.
And
such
was
the
generous
courage
of
the
Conde
General
,
that
he
kept
this
advice
to
himself
without
so
much
as
communicating
it
to
his
chief
Officers
,
that
he
might
not
alter
the
resolution
which
was
taken
in
the
Council
,
upon
which
depended
the
saving
of
the
place
,
whose
danger
was
so
pressing
,
that
it
was
necessary
to
make
use
of
violent
means
,
even
though
they
appear'd
desperate
.
There
is
a
report
that
the
chiefs
of
the
Enemies
Army
were
in
Council
the
day
before
,
and
that
it
being
the
General
opinion
of
them
all
,
that
they
should
receive
our
Army
without
their
trenches
,
or
at
least
by
the
side
of
them
,
Don
Luis
de
Haro
resolv'd
the
contrary
,
thinking
it
impossible
,
that
he
being
in
person
with
an
Army
in
every
respect
superiour
to
that
which
the
Duke
of
St.
German
had
at
the
siege
of
Olivenza
,
the
present
power
of
Portugal
inferiour
in
number
and
quality
to
that
which
was
to
relieve
that
place
should
have
the
courage
to
assault
the
trenches
,
which
in
that
occasion
they
had
no
mind
to
do
.
So
usual
is
it
with
divine
providence
to
corrupt
the
judgements
of
those
,
whose
fortune
it
intends
to
change
.
The
night
was
wholly
spent
in
disquieting
the
Enemy
,
and
giving
them
continual
alarms
,
and
notwithstanding
the
rigour
of
the
season
,
in
the
whole
army
there
was
not
a
tent
set
up
more
then
the
Pavilion
where
the
Council
met
.
The
morning
of
the
14.
of
January
was
come
,
which
will
be
a
day
of
festivity
to
Portugal
in
future
ages
,
but
overcast
with
thick
clouds
,
as
if
Heaven
had
been
unwilling
to
behold
the
slaughter
of
so
many
Christians
,
of
which
those
fields
this
day
were
to
be
the
theatre
,
and
happening
to
be
upon
a
Tuseday
,
which
is
superstitiously
fear'd
and
fatal
to
the
family
of
Meneses
,
of
which
the
Conde
General
was
chief
,
his
valour
overcame
the
auguries
of
his
name
,
and
the
fatality
of
the
day
,
making
it
the
most
fortunate
of
all
the
year
in
the
Calendar
of
Portugal
.
The
felicity
of
this
day
began
with
the
presence
of
all
the
Army
at
the
holy
sacrifice
of
the
Altar
.
The
Enemy
passed
all
the
night
in
great
care
,
standing
continually
in
Battalia
,
and
at
break
of
day
sent
to
discry
our
army
by
D.
John
Pacheco
Lieutenant
General
of
the
horse
with
four
troops
,
who
seeing
the
stilness
and
quiet
of
the
Portugues
army
,
which
was
occasioned
by
the
thickness
of
the
clouds
,
concluded
there
would
be
no
battail
that
day
,
and
so
assured
the
rest
of
the
Captains
,
who
being
of
the
same
opinion
,
drew
off
the
souldiers
,
who
mann'd
the
lines
,
into
their
quarters
,
leaving
only
the
forts
which
defended
them
garrison'd
.
It
was
now
six
of
clock
in
the
morning
,
when
,
as
the
prologue
to
those
generous
and
admirable
actions
which
the
Portugues
perform'd
that
day
,
the
army
of
Portugal
began
to
move
slowly
from
the
quarter
where
it
was
lodged
against
the
trenches
of
the
Enemy
,
and
to
put
it self
in
Battalia
before
them
.
Before
the
Vant-guard
as
Lieutenant
of
the
Camp-master
General
was
Diego
Gomes
de
Figueiredo
,
five
Sergeant
Majors
,
and
a
thousand
foot
selected
out
of
the
whole
Army
to
give
the
assault
,
divided
into
five
bodies
,
some
arm'd
with
Pistols
,
Partisans
,
Swords
and
Bucklers
,
and
Firelances
,
others
with
Musquets
,
who
carried
bavins
and
spades
to
fill
the
ditches
.
Every
one
of
these
bodies
was
commanded
by
one
of
the
Sergeant-majors
,
who
were
John
Machado
Fagundes
,
Antonio
Tauares
de
Costa
,
Fernando
Martins
de
Seixas
,
Alvaro
Saraiua
,
&
Anthony
Vasconcellos
de
Mendosa
.
The
Vant-guard
was
commanded
by
D.
Rodrigo
de
Castro
Count
of
Mesquitella
,
with
whom
was
the
General
of
the
Artillery
Alfonso
Furtado
de
Mendosa
.
It
consisted
of
3000
foot
in
five
squadrons
,
of
which
were
Collonels
Pedro
de
Mello
,
Emanuel
Henriques
,
Antonio
Galvano
,
Fernando
Mesquita
,
and
Bartolomeo
Azeuedo
:
in
the
right
wing
was
Pedro
de
Mello
,
next
to
him
D.
Emanuel
Henriques
,
the
left
wing
was
commanded
by
Antonio
Galvano
,
the
next
place
by
Bartolomeo
Azeuedo
,
the
middle
by
Fernando
Mesquita
.
They
were
flank'd
with
16
Battaglions
of
horse
,
consisting
of
somewhat
above
a
thousand
,
in
the
head
of
whom
marched
the
General
of
the
horse
Andrew
Albuquerque
.
The
Lieutenant
Generals
of
that
Province
Achim
de
Tamaracourt
,
and
Denis
de
Mello
de
Castro
with
the
commissaries
John
Silva
de
Souza
,
and
John
Vanicheli
commanding
them
.
The
main
Battail
consisted
of
2000
foot
in
six
squadrons
,
which
were
form'd
out
of
the
Regiments
of
Antonio
sa
de
Pereira
,
Luis
de
Sousa
de
Meneses
,
Alfonso
de
Barros
Trovano
,
and
out
of
the
Regiments
of
the
Count
da
Torre
,
Francisco
Pacheco
,
and
de
Moura
,
which
were
commanded
by
their
respective
Sergeant-majors
Emanoel
Nunes
Leitano
,
Emanuel
de
Silva
Dorta
and
Balthezar
de
sà
Sottomajor
.
The
Count
of
Torre
was
in
the
right
wing
,
next
to
him
Luis
de
Sousa
,
and
then
Alfonso
de
Barros
.
In
the
left
wing
was
the
Regiment
of
Moura
,
next
to
that
the
Regiment
of
Antonio
de
sa
,
and
then
that
of
Francisco
Pacheco
.
They
were
flank'd
with
16.
Battailons
of
about
900
horse
with
the
Lieutenant
Generals
Gil
Vas
Lobo
in
the
right
wing
,
and
Emanuel
de
Andrada
in
the
left
.
The
Rear-guard
was
composed
of
2000
foot
in
five
squadrons
,
with
the
Collonels
Gabriel
de
Castro
,
Luis
de
Mesquita
,
Alvaro
de
Azeuedo
,
Gregory
de
Castro
,
and
Luke
Barrozo
.
In
the
right
wing
marched
Gregory
de
Castro
,
next
him
Alvaro
de
Azeuedo
,
in
the
left
wing
Gabriel
de
Castro
,
who
was
followed
by
Luis
de
Mesquita
,
and
in
the
middle
was
Luke
Barrozo
.
They
were
flank'd
with
eight
Battallions
consisting
of
800.
horse
under
the
command
of
Lieutenant
General
Pedro
de
Lalanda
.
The
Baggage
followed
with
the
succours
,
but
the
Artillery
could
not
march
with
the
Army
by
reason
of
the
wayes
which
hindred
it
;
and
yet
it
happened
to
be
of
great
use
in
the
battail
,
for
is
was
left
upon
a
hill
,
from
whence
it
did
considerable
damage
to
the
Enemy
,
when
the
General
of
it
Alfonso
Furtado
de
Mendosa
had
taken
order
for
accommodating
and
securing
it
,
he
went
himself
into
the
Vant-guard
to
assist
the
Count
of
Mesquitella
Camp-master
General
.
The
Conde
General
was
in
the
body
of
the
main
battail
,
but
in
the
time
of
fight
he
kept
no
certain
place
,
that
he
might
give
direction
where
,
according
as
the
accidents
of
the
day
required
.
He
was
accompanied
by
the
Count
of
Feira
Garcia
de
Mello
great
huntsman
of
the
Kingdome
,
Christopher
de
Mello
son
and
heir
of
the
great
Porter
,
Gonsalo
Pires
,
Emanuel
de
Andrada
Governour
of
the
town
of
Peniche
,
and
of
the
frontieres
of
Torres
Vedras
,
and
Leiria
in
the
Province
of
Estremadura
,
Captain
Michael
Alvares
Galvano
Governour
of
fort
St.
Anthony
,
Captain
Mathias
Correa
Lieutenant
to
the
Camp-master
General
Emanuel
Pinto
,
and
the
companies
of
guards
,
of
which
were
Captains
Cesar
de
Meneses
and
Andrew
Gatino
.
D.
Sancho
Manoel
Governour
of
the
town
,
understanding
that
the
fight
would
be
at
break
of
day
,
placed
the
night
before
in
the
Cover'd
way
Collonel
Diego
Gomes
de
Figueiredo
,
and
Simon
Correa
de
Silva
,
and
the
Count
of
St.
John
with
450
musquitiers
,
which
were
all
the
men
they
could
make
that
were
able
to
fight
,
and
in
the
morning
commanded
Commissary
John
de
Silva
to
sally
into
the
field
with
170
horse
,
with
whom
went
the
Count
de
Torre
,
though
he
were
sick
,
having
no
Regiment
of
his
own
,
and
Fernando
de
Silveyra
.
The
Commissary
had
order
to
fall
upon
the
Enemy
as
soon
as
the
battail
begun
,
that
he
might
weaken
them
by
diversion
,
and
the
Collonels
were
commanded
not
to
pass
the
river
Seto
,
but
to
employ
themselves
only
in
such
occasions
as
the
fortune
of
war
should
offer
them
there
.
And
on
that
side
where
the
Portugues
Army
was
to
fall
on
,
he
planted
20
pieces
of
Artillery
of
several
diametres
under
the
charge
of
Peter
James
Magellan
.
In
this
order
our
Army
advanced
against
the
fortifications
of
the
Enemy
,
and
as
the
distance
was
but
small
from
the
place
we
lodged
to
their
lines
,
the
Spanish
Captains
perceiving
our
designe
,
call'd
back
their
men
in
all
haste
,
whom
they
had
drawn
to
their
quarters
,
out
of
a
perswasion
that
we
would
not
assault
them
,
of
which
their
Lieutenant
General
Don
John
Pacheco
had
been
the
cause
.
The
haste
they
were
in
was
the
reason
that
they
changed
their
orders
,
their
infantry
placing
themselves
in
one
front
without
any
depth
defended
by
their
lines
.
Behind
their
foot
stood
a
Batallion
of
800
horse
with
the
Duke
of
Ossuna
their
General
,
that
they
might
dissipate
our
men
,
who
charged
their
lines
(
in
case
they
entred
)
before
they
could
form
themselves
into
a
body
,
and
before
the
Town
stood
another
Batallion
of
800
horse
under
the
command
of
the
Commissary
General
Quintanales
,
that
the
rest
of
their
men
might
securely
employ
themselves
in
the
battail
without
being
infested
in
their
backs
by
the
sallies
of
the
besieged
.
Now
were
the
minds
of
the
Portugues
so
elevated
,
that
they
could
hardly
contain
themselves
within
their
ranks
,
all
of
them
desiring
the
signal
of
battail
,
when
the
Conde
General
with
a
presence
so
chearful
as
almost
infused
an
assurance
of
victory
,
remembred
every
one
of
the
obligations
of
his
birth
and
loyalty
,
That
these
were
the
same
Enemies
over
whom
they
and
their
Ancestors
had
so
often
triumph'd
,
that
the
presence
of
the
Favourite
&
Nobility
of
Spain
might
make
the
victory
more
glorious
,
but
not
more
dangerous
,
that
the
Enemy
contended
for
our
servitude
,
we
for
our
liberty
;
that
betwixt
two
such
motives
that
must
be
most
powerfull
which
concerned
ones
own
preservation
.
That
their
glory
consisted
in
our
ruin
,
their
gain
in
our
destruction
.
That
those
Forts
which
they
had
raised
upon
our
land
,
would
rather
be
monuments
of
our
glory
then
impediments
to
our
victory
;
that
they
were
men
brought
together
by
force
and
violence
,
we
out
of
love
and
for
our
own
defence
.
That
their
minds
might
easily
be
conjectured
by
the
numbers
of
them
which
had
yielded
themselves
to
us
,
that
they
who
had
done
so
were
the
bravest
of
their
men
,
&
therefore
had
the
boldness
to
leave
them
,
that
they
who
stayed
behind
were
detained
by
their
fear
and
not
their
courage
.
That
in
the
Town
our
wives
,
our
children
,
our
brethren
,
and
our
kindred
called
to
us
,
whose
redemption
depended
upon
this
succour
in
the
Kingdome
,
the
love
and
preservation
of
our
King
,
whose
fate
was
involved
in
this
success
,
in
the
world
the
glory
of
the
Kingdome
,
in
which
we
were
born
,
which
would
either
be
won
or
lost
in
this
battail
.
Lastly
,
things
were
come
to
that
pass
,
that
as
to
conquer
or
to
dye
was
the
most
honourable
choise
for
the
valiant
,
so
it
was
the
safest
for
the
fearful
,
and
therefore
as
they
entred
into
the
battail
they
should
remember
their
Ancestors
and
have
a
care
of
their
Posterity
.
A
painter
of
Antiquity
having
undertaken
to
draw
the
beauty
of
a
heathen
goddess
,
covered
the
face
with
a
vail
,
for
judiciously
foreseeing
that
art
could
not
reach
the
reality
,
he
would
have
it
understood
,
that
that
which
would
be
wronged
with
the
faintness
of
colours
could
only
be
preserved
in
the
profundity
of
shadowes
.
Pens
astonished
and
eloquence
confounded
would
pass
in
silence
the
relation
of
the
battail
,
for
no
stile
being
able
to
arrive
to
the
truth
,
it
will
be
best
,
that
that
which
must
needs
suffer
diminution
by
the
touches
of
a
pen
,
should
be
preserv'd
entire
in
astonishment
and
admiration
.
It
is
certain
,
that
that
which
cannot
be
greater
when
it
is
done
,
must
appear
less
when
it
is
written
.
't
was
now
nine
a
clock
when
our
Army
approached
the
enemies
Lines
,
betwixt
the
Quarters
of
our
Lady
of
Grace
,
and
St.
Francis
,
being
flank'd
on
the
right
side
with
the
River
Chinches
,
at
which
time
the
clouds
began
to
dissipate
,
that
Heaven
might
be
witness
of
that
contest
betwixt
the
two
most
valiant
and
warlike
Nations
of
Europe
,
of
which
that
Field
was
to
be
the
Theatre
.
The
Artillery
of
the
Army
play'd
without
intermission
,
and
that
in
the
Town
discharged
upon
the
enemy
,
when
the
Portugues
after
they
had
received
three
Volleys
of
Spanish
musquets
,
throwing
down
the
Bavins
which
they
had
to
facilitate
their
passage
,
with
incredible
resolution
assaulted
the
enemies
Lines
,
and
putting
the
Defenders
to
the
sword
,
broke
them
down
,
and
entred
them
with
so
equal
fury
,
that
none
was
second
,
nor
none
was
first
.
The
horse
were
so
brave
,
that
they
would
not
stay
till
the
foot
had
made
them
a
breach
to
enter
,
but
breaking
down
the
Works
themselves
,
there
joyntly
entred
into
the
Trenches
,
with
them
the
Lieutenant
General
Denis
de
Mello
,
Achim
de
Tamaracourt
,
and
Gil
Vas
Lobo
,
and
Manoel
Freire
,
All
of
them
trampling
and
cutting
down
such
as
resisted
with
so
brave
an
emulation
,
that
this
admirable
action
being
the
work
both
of
the
Companies
and
Troops
,
it
could
not
be
decided
whether
had
the
better
title
to
the
Victory
.
The
enemies
Trenches
being
entred
,
the
Spanish
horse
charged
the
Regiments
of
Antonio
Galvano
,
and
Bartholameo
de
Azeuedo
(
who
were
both
wounded
)
with
intention
to
break
them
before
they
should
be
form'd
into
a
body
;
but
they
were
prevented
by
Commissary
John
de
Silva
,
who
fell
in
with
them
,
and
began
a
furious
skirmish
,
out
of
which
went
wounded
the
Count
of
Torre
,
who
,
his
horse
being
killed
,
had
infallibly
been
taken
prisoner
,
but
that
he
was
reliev'd
first
by
his
own
courage
,
and
then
by
another
horse
which
was
presented
him
by
a
private
souldier
.
In
this
encounter
was
Ferdinand
da
Silveyra
,
of
his
Majesties
Councel
of
War
,
a
son
of
the
house
of
Sarzedas
,
who
in
his
youth
served
and
had
charges
in
the
Wars
of
Flanders
,
Italy
and
Brasile
,
but
in
Portugal
had
no
other
but
Admiral
of
the
Navy
Royal
,
by
reason
of
a
troublesome
accident
he
had
,
which
sometimes
took
away
the
use
of
his
reason
,
depriving
him
of
the
service
of
his
Prince
,
and
the
Kingdom
of
so
great
a
Captain
.
But
that
impediment
was
not
sufficient
to
keep
him
from
assisting
at
the
siege
of
Badajos
,
following
the
generous
inclinations
of
his
courage
,
which
was
the
most
prevailing
passion
in
him
.
The
same
impulsion
which
brought
him
from
the
Court
to
the
Army
,
drew
him
out
of
the
Town
into
the
field
,
where
fighting
valiantly
he
shewed
,
though
he
was
not
the
man
he
had
been
,
he
was
still
a
Souldier
,
till
enraged
at
the
resistance
he
met
with
,
he
threw
himself
amongst
the
enemy
to
kill
and
die
,
that
the
world
might
see
,
though
fortune
had
kept
him
from
serving
his
Prince
in
his
life
,
she
could
not
keep
him
from
serving
his
Countrey
in
his
death
.
The
Lieutenant
General
Denis
de
Mello
,
who
had
entred
the
Trenches
with
the
Battalions
of
the
left
wing
which
he
commanded
,
briskly
charged
those
of
the
Duke
of
Ossuna
the
General
of
the
enemies
horse
.
At
the
same
time
the
Infantry
stormed
the
Forts
,
which
obstinately
defended
themselves
,
and
the
Colonels
Simon
Correa
,
and
the
Count
of
St.
John
exceeding
their
orders
,
or
interpreting
them
other
then
they
were
given
,
passing
over
the
River
of
Seto
,
imbodied
with
those
who
were
breaking
down
the
Lines
,
and
after
joyned
with
them
who
stormed
the
Quarter
of
our
Lady
of
Grace
;
so
that
in
all
parts
there
was
a
furious
and
obstinate
battail
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Conde
General
went
about
with
singular
courage
,
animating
sometimes
one
,
sometimes
another
,
so
proud
to
see
the
chief
Commanders
,
Officers
and
Souldiers
do
so
bravely
,
that
desiring
out
of
an
honorable
emulation
,
rather
to
be
their
companion
then
Leader
,
he
often
forgot
of
what
importance
the
life
of
a
General
is
in
such
occasions
.
The
Camp-master-General
Count
Mesquitella
,
who
went
from
place
to
place
giving
direction
,
as
long
as
the
battail
lasted
,
and
the
General
of
the
Artillery
,
who
was
incessantly
employed
,
seeing
they
had
not
yet
taken
any
one
fort
of
the
enemies
,
without
which
there
was
no
securing
their
success
,
commanded
Colonel
Alvaro
de
Azevedo
to
assault
a
fort
of
the
enemies
,
which
bravely
defended
it self
,
who
marching
thither
with
his
Regiment
,
tearing
up
the
Palissadoes
with
their
hands
,
and
filling
the
ditches
with
them
,
scaled
the
works
,
and
put
the
defenders
to
the
sword
with
so
singular
a
courage
,
that
the
Count
Mesquitella
was
so
taken
with
it
,
that
he
was
pleas'd
to
honor
the
combat
with
his
sword
,
and
entring
with
it
in
his
hand
into
the
Fort
,
shewed
that
the
charge
of
Camp-master-General
had
not
made
him
forget
the
boldness
of
a
private
Souldier
.
The
enemy
still
continued
fighting
about
the
Lines
of
Circumvallation
,
and
form'd
another
Line
as
it
were
of
Countervallation
of
that
side
;
when
the
General
of
the
horse
,
Andrew
Albuquerque
seeing
a
Regiment
of
Auxiliaries
,
of
which
Luis
de
Sousa
was
Colonel
,
lose
ground
,
he
cast
himself
amongst
the
Souldiers
,
making
them
turn
again
by
his
example
;
when
it
pleasing
Heaven
to
sell
the
victory
to
the
Portugal
at
so
dear
a
price
,
or
(
which
is
more
likely
)
it
being
now
time
to
reward
his
rare
vertues
with
the
immortal
felicities
of
a
better
life
,
a
musquet
bullet
hit
him
,
which
passing
through
his
Arms
,
shot
him
through
the
breast
,
he
remaining
unmoveable
for
a
little
time
,
as
if
that
great
minde
had
been
loath
to
leave
the
battail
before
the
victory
.
He
was
a
Gentleman
of
extraordinary
endowments
of
body
and
minde
,
of
a
chearful
presence
,
a
sweet
conversation
,
affable
in
discourse
,
discreet
,
without
malice
,
valiant
without
noise
,
vertuous
without
hypocrisy
,
a
religious
observer
of
Military
discipline
,
of
great
entireness
in
matters
of
Justice
,
of
singular
constancy
in
good
and
evil
fortune
.
He
made
himself
loved
,
he
made
himself
feared
;
but
in
gaining
mens
affections
he
never
employed
Caresses
,
nor
securing
himself
by
fear
,
made
use
of
punishments
.
He
disposed
things
with
sweetness
,
he
did
his
business
without
noise
,
&
executed
it
with
felicity
.
Valour
in
him
was
rather
natural
then
acquired
,
he
being
always
master
of
his
mind
in
the
greatest
danger
,
so
that
that
seems
to
some
to
be
insensibility
in
him
,
which
indeed
was
constancy
.
The
service
of
his
King
was
his
life
&
his
delight
;
yet
in
nineteen
years
time
he
was
only
twice
at
Court
.
He
was
a
Souldier
,
a
Captain
,
a
Colonel
,
a
General
of
the
Artillery
,
a
General
of
the
Horse
,
and
Camp-master-General
,
being
always
as
great
a
subject
as
a
chief
;
none
knew
better
to
obey
,
none
knew
better
to
command
:
In
a
word
,
he
was
a
Gentleman
in
all
respects
so
great
,
that
the
14.
of
January
,
it
being
the
most
auspicious
day
to
future
ages
that
is
in
the
Calendar
of
Portugal
,
will
be
likewise
the
most
lamentable
for
his
memory
.
Colonel
Luis
de
Sousa
was
likewise
shot
in
his
left
side
with
a
musquet
bullet
,
of
which
he
died
,
his
hasty
death
preventing
those
applauses
and
rewards
which
were
due
to
his
most
qualified
deserts
.
When
the
battail
began
,
Pedro
de
Meneses
,
Andrew
Gatino
Captains
of
the
Guard
to
the
Conde
General
,
begg'd
his
leave
that
they
might
go
help
their
companions
,
and
coming
to
the
Fort
which
Pedro
de
Mello
stormed
,
they
valiantly
encountred
a
body
of
the
enemy
which
was
coming
to
charge
,
and
though
the
meeting
cost
the
life
of
Andrew
Gatino
,
who
fell
valiantly
fighting
,
Pedro
Meneses
revenged
him
with
the
death
of
above
fourscore
Spaniards
,
which
he
cut
the
throats
of
,
putting
the
rest
to
flight
.
Now
the
resistance
of
the
Spaniard
by
little
and
little
declined
,
and
victory
began
to
declare
her self
for
the
Arms
of
Portugal
,
for
the
horse
with
whom
Lieutenant
General
Denis
de
Mello
,
and
Don
John
de
Silva
〈…〉
Luis
de
Haro
,
who
thought
the
houses
of
Badajos
more
secure
then
the
fortifications
of
his
Trenches
,
accompanied
with
a
few
horse
,
brought
to
Badajos
the
news
of
their
misfortune
before
three
a
clock
in
the
afternoon
.
The
foot
which
did
not
flie
so
soon
,
made
good
their
forts
,
for
though
some
of
them
were
yielded
up
,
the
others
still
resisted
.
At
this
time
,
as
the
fight
continued
still
in
the
Forts
,
the
Conde
General
advanced
with
the
succours
in
spight
of
the
bullets
,
which
without
intermission
crossed
the
way
where
he
marched
,
and
entring
within
the
Lines
,
put
it
into
the
Town
;
at
the
sight
of
which
the
besieged
revived
,
and
congratulating
with
acclamations
of
joy
,
those
first
signs
of
their
redemption
,
gave
thanks
to
God
for
that
glorious
and
wonderful
success
which
he
had
given
to
the
Arms
of
Portugal
.
At
the
time
that
the
succour
was
put
into
the
Town
,
the
Conde
General
met
at
the
River
Seto
,
with
the
Governor
D.
Sancho
Manoel
,
who
leaving
the
Town
to
the
care
of
the
General
of
the
Artillery
,
Pedro
Magalhan
was
sallied
out
with
D.
Luis
d'
Almeida
and
20
horse
,
and
after
he
had
given
the
Conde
the
salutation
of
victory
,
he
marched
to
that
part
where
Pedro
de
Mello
fought
.
Still
the
enemy
fought
obstinately
in
one
fort
,
the
furthest
to
the
right
side
of
the
line
,
which
was
the
most
capacious
of
all
,
&
contained
the
best
men
of
the
Spanish
Army
,
where
Col.
Pedro
de
Mello
who
scaled
it
,
fought
most
part
of
the
day
at
the
expence
of
many
lives
of
the
defendants
and
assailants
.
And
in
the
fort
of
our
Lady
of
Grace
continued
the
same
resistance
in
spight
of
the
storms
and
attempts
which
were
made
by
Col.
Correa
da
Silva
,
and
the
Count
of
St.
John
,
who
retired
wounded
,
being
driven
off
with
baggs
of
powder
,
which
the
defendants
set
on
fire
.
The
night
parted
the
contest
,
and
though
to
open
and
free
the
way
towards
Portugal
,
it
was
necessary
to
get
these
Forts
,
it
seeming
a
thing
impossible
to
obtain
them
in
the
darkness
of
the
night
,
the
fight
was
deferr'd
till
the
next
day
,
the
conquering
Army
lodging
under
the
walls
of
the
town
with
their
front
toward
the
quarters
of
our
Lady
of
Grace
and
the
Bargada
,
and
the
Conde
General
quartered
in
the
Hermitage
of
St.
Lazarus
without
the
town
.
Singular
and
mighty
would
be
the
glory
of
Portugal
in
the
world
,
if
the
Nations
who
inhabit
it
had
been
present
at
the
rare
and
prodigious
actions
of
valour
which
were
performed
that
day
.
Courage
,
boldness
,
resolution
was
equal
in
all
,
some
had
the
better
fortune
of
having
occasion
to
shew
it
.
To
particularize
some
,
were
odious
,
to
relate
what
all
did
,
impossible
,
and
in
case
it
were
not
,
who
could
be
named
first
without
justly
offending
the
second
,
who
as
well
deserved
to
be
first
?
The
field
afforded
room
for
all
men
to
doe
alike
,
since
they
were
all
engaged
at
the
same
time
.
But
it
is
not
so
in
the
order
of
writing
,
for
there
i●
is
ne●
〈…〉
The
stone
in
which
the
great
Alphonso
D.
Albuquerque
caus'd
to
be
engraven
the
names
of
those
Captains
who
behaved
themselves
bravely
in
the
conquest
of
the
City
of
Malaca
may
be
an
example
for
writers
,
who
relate
the
actions
of
the
Portugues
.
For
that
famous
General
seeing
them
discontented
,
whose
names
he
intended
to
eternize
,
because
he
had
put
one
first
,
another
second
,
as
it
was
necessary
in
the
order
of
writing
them
to
do
,
he
commanded
the
stone
which
had
the
names
in
it
,
and
stood
over
the
gate
of
the
Fort
which
he
had
built
,
to
be
taken
out
,
and
turning
the
writing
inwards
,
engraved
on
the
outside
of
the
stone
those
words
of
the
117.
Psalm
,
Lapidem
,
quem
reprobaverunt
aedificantes
.
Besides
it
is
not
my
intent
to
inform
Portugal
what
the
Portugues
did
,
but
to
inform
the
world
what
was
done
by
Portugal
.
The
actions
of
those
who
behav'd
themselves
bravely
are
sufficiently
known
in
our
own
Kingdome
.
The
publick
conscience
is
the
best
Register
of
them
;
all
tongues
celebrate
them
,
all
men
admire
them
,
and
the
munificence
with
which
his
Majesty
will
reward
them
will
make
known
every
mans
deservings
.
I
relate
the
success
,
and
praise
only
the
dead
,
since
envy
will
spare
none
who
are
alive
.
All
that
night
the
Army
stood
in
Battaglia
,
intending
the
next
morning
to
assault
the
Enemy
in
the
quarter
,
where
they
were
fortified
,
and
as
soon
as
it
was
break
of
day
the
Conde
General
marched
with
the
Army
towards
the
quarter
of
la
Corte
,
which
he
found
as
full
of
munition
as
it
was
empty
of
men
.
For
fear
had
so
possest
the
conquer'd
,
that
in
the
obscurity
of
the
night
they
quitted
their
quarters
in
such
haste
,
that
they
durst
not
stay
to
carry
away
the
Cabinet
of
the
favourite
,
in
which
were
found
letters
from
the
K.
that
discovered
all
the
secrets
of
the
Monarchy
.
The
Horse
presently
march'd
down
to
the
River
of
Caja
with
the
Camp-master
General
D.
Sancho
Manoel
,
where
though
they
overtook
the
reer
of
the
Enemy
as
they
were
flying
over
the
water
,
they
contented
themselves
having
such
a
number
of
Prisoners
already
to
let
them
pass
leaving
their
persons
free
,
and
taking
from
them
only
a
piece
of
Cannon
which
they
were
drawing
off
;
the
Souldiers
enriching
themselves
with
the
spoils
of
the
Duke
of
Ossuna's
baggage
.
The
Camp-masters
Don
John
de
Zuinga
,
and
Don
Nicholas
of
Cordova
,
who
defended
the
Forts
of
our
Lady
of
Grace
and
the
Rozario
,
and
the
day
before
had
made
a
brave
resistence
in
hope
that
by
the
favour
of
the
night
approaching
they
should
receive
orders
from
their
chiefs
,
either
for
their
defence
or
their
retreat
,
seeing
themselves
frustrated
of
their
expectation
,
and
the
hazard
of
their
condition
rendred
themselves
up
with
600
foot
to
the
mercy
of
the
conquerours
.
Such
was
the
fear
and
terrour
the
conquer'd
conceiv'd
at
our
victory
,
that
coming
to
Badajos
they
presently
fell
a
breaking
down
the
fortifications
which
the
Portugues
had
left
when
they
rose
from
the
siege
,
being
afraid
they
might
return
again
to
take
up
their
quarters
there
,
and
obtain
the
town
,
so
terrified
and
astonished
with
that
rout
and
slaughter
.
The
loss
of
the
Spaniards
was
one
of
the
greatest
,
that
till
that
day
the
Monarchy
had
ever
suffered
.
For
their
Army
consisting
of
14000
foot
,
and
3500
horse
in
the
muster
at
Badajos
,
after
the
rout
arriv'd
only
to
5000
foot
,
and
1500
horse
,
all
the
rest
were
wounded
,
dead
,
prisoners
,
or
fled
.
But
in
respect
of
the
circumstances
it
was
the
greatest
,
for
the
prisoners
all
agreed
,
that
at
the
first
marching
of
that
Army
there
were
28000
foot
,
and
8000
horse
,
of
all
which
only
those
few
relicks
were
remaining
.
The
field
was
covered
with
carkasses
,
amongst
which
were
many
of
the
chief
commanders
,
Collonels
,
Lieutenant-Generals
,
Lieutenant-Collonels
,
Commissaries
of
horse
,
Sergeant-majors
,
Captains
of
horse
and
foot
,
which
with
the
Gentlemen
and
Reformado's
exceeded
the
number
of
3000.
The
prisoners
were
as
many
or
more
then
the
slain
,
and
of
the
●ame
condition
and
quality
,
some
Titulati
,
and
many
sons
and
brothers
of
the
Titular
houses
of
Spain
,
besides
600
sick
and
wounded
,
which
the
Conde
General
sent
to
Badajos
.
They
lost
17
pieces
of
Canon
,
5
Petards
,
3
Morter-pieces
,
all
the
train
●f
Artillery
,
many
Ensignes
,
15000
Arms
,
&
all
the
provision
and
ammu●ition
which
were
got
together
to
support
the
Army
and
furnish
the
●owns
.
Lastly
,
their
whole
quarters
with
their
richest
baggage
,
which
the
Conde
General
gave
as
a
spoil
to
his
Souldiers
.
Of
the
Portugues
there
dyed
only
the
General
of
the
horse
Andrew
Albuquerque
,
the
Admiral
Ferdinand
de
Silveira
,
Collonel
Luis
de
Sousa
,
who
went
off
wounded
,
●nd
died
afterwards
.
Two
Captains
of
horse
,
ten
Captains
of
foot
,
two
Adjutants
,
ten
Ensignes
,
four
Sergeants
and
177.
common
Souldiers
.
There
went
off
wounded
the
Count
of
St.
John
,
the
Count
de
Torre
Simon
Correa
da
Silva
,
Bartholomao
de
Azuedo
,
and
Antonio
Galvano
Lieutenant
to
the
Camp-master
General
Ascenso
Alvares
,
four
Sergeant-majors
,
one
Adjutant
of
a
Lieutenant
,
23.
Captains
,
8.
Adjutants
,
22.
Ensignes
,
32.
Sergeants
,
and
592.
common
Souldiers
.
The
news
of
the
victory
arriv'd
at
Lisbone
the
16.
of
January
,
at
the
same
time
that
King
Alfonso's
Majesty
was
present
at
the
anniversary
solemnity
of
the
holy
Sacrament
in
the
Parish
Church
of
St.
Engratia
,
this
being
the
first
time
that
he
had
shew'd
himself
in
publick
to
his
people
;
circumstanc●s
which
prognosticate
the
great
and
reiterated
felicities
which
it
is
to
be
hoped
our
Lord
God
will
grant
to
his
auspicious
government
.
And
father
Prospero
dos
Martyres
of
the
religion
of
the
Regular
Canons
of
St.
Augustine
,
promising
in
his
Sermon
good
news
from
the
Army
of
Alen●ojo
,
the
Post
came
in
,
the
Letters
were
read
,
and
then
the
solemn
hymn
of
Te
Deum
Laudamus
being
sung
,
the
Sermon
continued
,
which
being
begun
in
prayers
ended
in
thanks
,
which
his
Majesty
,
the
Nobility
of
the
Court
,
and
the
People
with
festival
demonstrations
gave
to
God
,
who
is
the
only
Lord
of
Hosts
and
Victories
.
FINIS
.