OBSERVATIONS
VPON
Epitaphs
:
their
Antiquitie
and
vse
;
with
Authoritie
from
approued
Authors
of
their
deriuations
;
with
diuers
other
memorable
occurrences
.
AS
the
memory
of
the
dead
consists
vpon
the
life
of
the
liuing
:
so
their
vertues
or
vices
giue
testimony
of
the
dead
,
whether
worthy
the
memory
of
the
liuing
,
or
to
be
buried
in
eternall
obliuion
?
For
this
cause
are
Epitaphs
(
and
euer
haue
beene
)
engrauen
vpon
the
Monuments
,
Tombes
and
Sepulchers
of
the
dead
,
either
to
expresse
their
fame
,
or
by
modest
silencing
what
they
were
,
to
intimate
how
their
actions
liuing
,
deserued
no
great
memory
dying
.
Some
I
distinguish
(
Epitaphs
I
meane
)
of
this
nature
,
in
to
Morall
,
others
into
Diuine
,
and
other
is
pr●phane
.
Morall
(
to
giue
instances
in
each
ki●…
be
such
as
include
a
morall
or
excellent
vse
Man
made
by
the
liuing
of
the
Actions
of
the
dead
,
by
recourse
had
to
their
Monuments
,
where
mortalitie
is
not
onely
liuely
expressed
,
but
their
conditions
fully
and
amply
charactred
.
Such
were
the
Epitaphs
of
Cyrus
,
Semiramis
,
Laomedon
.
It
is
recorded
Vide
Quintum
Curtium
in
Sup
.
&
vit
.
Cyr
.
when
Alexander
that
great
Monarch
of
the
World
came
into
Persia
,
and
there
chanced
to
see
the
famous
Tombe
of
Cyrus
whereon
was
engrauen
this
Epitaph
or
inscription
:
Whosoeuer
thou
be
,
or
whencesoeuer
thou
shalt
come
and
beholdest
this
Tombe
,
know
that
I
am
Cyrus
,
who
translated
the
Empire
from
the
Medes
to
the
Persians
:
pray
thee
do
not
enuie
me
,
for
this
little
clod
of
earth
that
doth
couer
me
.
Alexander
(
I
say
)
seeing
this
inscription
,
could
not
containe
himselfe
from
teares
:
making
(
without
all
question
)
this
morall
vse
of
it
:
That
Princes
(
though
neuer
so
potent
or
eminent
,
so
victorious
or
puissant
)
but
becomes
subiect
to
the
common
doome
and
censure
of
Fate
,
and
must
of
necessitie
leaue
all
their
conquests
and
victories
(
by
a
forced
surrender
)
to
the
ineuitable
command
of
death
.
So
as
Alexander
when
he
beheld
the
Tombe
of
Achilles
,
cried
out
,
Felix
es
,
qui
talem
laudum
tuarum
praeconem
●abuisti
(
nempe
Homerum
:
)
so
heere
he
wept
bit●erly
,
saying
,
Infelix
es
Cyre
qui
tantis
victorijs
●…
clytus
extitisti
,
tamen
à
morte
te
vinci
patieris
.
〈…〉
reade
(
that
I
may
goe
forward
in
prosecution
instances
of
this
nature
:
)
That
Cyrus
(
also
)
when
he
beheld
the
Tombe
of
that
memorable
Queene
Semyramis
,
and
saw
this
to
be
writ
vpon
it
:
Whosoeuer
shall
digge
vp
this
stone
which
now
doth
couer
me
,
shall
finde
an
infinite
masse
of
treasure
vnder
it
,
commanded
the
same
to
be
taken
vp
;
which
being
done
(
in
stead
of
Treasure
)
he
found
this
morall
vnder
it
;
None
but
misers
(
or
godlesse
persons
)
would
digge
vp
the
Graues
of
the
dead
.
An
excellent
caution
for
the
couetous
wretch
,
who
is
euer
catching
by
hooke
or
crooke
,
Quo
iure
,
quaque
iniuria
,
per
fas
nefasve
;
not
regarding
the
meanes
,
so
he
may
attaine
the
end
;
nor
respecting
pietie
nor
common
humanitie
,
publique
causes
or
Countries
benefit
,
so
he
may
please
his
vnsatisfied
desires
.
But
this
violation
of
the
dead
,
this
iniury
done
against
those
who
sleepe
in
peace
,
hath
been
euen
by
the
Pagans
themselues
esteemed
execrable
:
so
as
the
In
the
discourse
of
Asia
and
Affr.
vid.
Egypt
Solem
.
Funer
.
Aegyptians
are
interred
with
their
best
gems
,
ornaments
,
and
Iewels
:
which
(
so
strickt
be
their
Lawes
in
that
respect
)
are
neuer
embezeled
,
but
remaine
with
them
;
hoping
(
saith
the
Historian
)
that
their
substance
will
deliuer
them
,
if
any
punishment
or
vnworthy
censure
should
be
inflicted
on
them
.
The
tombe
and
monument
of
that
perfidious
Prince
(
Vide
Homer
.
eleg
.
sanè
.
Graecorum
:
Odyssea
errorum
,
Ilias
Malorum
,
&c.
Laomedon
)
had
this
Epitaph
:
Qui
cum
Hoste
fidem
fefellit
Cum
morte
fidem
seruauit
.
The
morall
thus
expressed
:
When
Hercules
(
in
the
deliuery
of
Troy
from
that
deuouring
monster
,
a
Whale
;
and
in
the
rescuing
of
Laomedons
faire
daughter
Hesyone
,
should
by
couenant
haue
receiued
two
milk-white
steeds
:
the
king
retiring
to
his
(
miserable
Troy
)
commanded
the
gates
of
the
Citie
to
be
shut
against
him
;
infringing
his
faith
and
promise
;
which
so
incensed
the
ire
and
indignation
of
Hercules
against
him
,
as
within
few
yeares
his
Citie
was
sacked
and
demolished
,
his
Subiects
captiued
,
his
daughter
to
Telamon
espoused
;
and
himselfe
(
to
extinguish
the
remainder
of
ingratitude
,
fully
to
appeale
the
enraged
furie
of
Hercules
,
was
slaughtered
.
Whose
monument
was
reserued
(
as
a
perpetuall
remembrance
of
perfidious
dealing
to
his
posterity
,
with
the
inscription
aboue
mentioned
.
Tombes
The
entiquitie
of
Tombes
.
haue
beene
aunciently
vsed
;
as
wee
may
reade
in
sacred
writ
:
where
one
Sepulcher
was
kept
solemnly
for
a
whole
familie
,
euery
one
returning
in
Sepulchra
maiorum
:
but
neuer
so
sumptuous
before
the
erection
of
that
memorable
Tombe
(
or
Shrine
rather
)
of
Prince
Mausolus
king
of
Caria
:
whose
Queene
Artemisia
erected
such
a
gorgeous
Tombe
in
his
memory
,
as
all
Sepulchers
since
(
especially
of
Romane
Emperours
and
Carian
Princes
)
are
called
to
this
day
Mausolea
:
the
inscription
this
,
Si
te
non
teneat
,
tumulum
struet
ossa
tenere
,
Quem
tibi
defuncto
coniugis
optat
amor
.
Two
monuments
we
reade
of
to
be
famous
,
in
that
their
erection
was
the
foundation
of
many
potent
and
puissant
people
:
some
also
were
taken
for
preseruers
of
that
Region
wherein
they
were
planted
and
seated
:
as
the
Two
auncient
Monuments
which
were
called
Asyla
patriae
&c.
Tombe
or
Sepulcher
of
Aiax
in
the
Retian
shore
:
and
the
Tombe
of
Achilles
in
Sygaeum
:
Which
two
,
euen
to
this
day
continue
memorable
:
so
as
in
the
greatest
depopulations
and
sackings
of
Cities
,
the
ruinating
of
their
Forts
and
Castles
of
defence
,
they
were
euer
kept
vntouched
(
as
shrines
and
monuments
inuiolate
,
obelisks
consecrate
,
or
statues
deified
:
supposing
(
in
their
owne
blindnesse
deceiued
)
that
their
preseruation
was
deriued
from
them
.
But
to
proceed
in
Epitaphs
(
on
which
our
discourse
doth
principally
consist
:
)
they
are
deriued
from
the
Greeke
{αβγδ}
&
signifie
as
much
as
an
inscription
,
or
any
thing
which
is
placed
or
fixed
vpon
the
Tombe
(
Quae
in
scitis
&
scutis
quorundam
Regum
vidimus
saith
Lipsius
:
)
as
Epycedion
(
deriued
from
{αβγδ}
or
lugubria
canere
)
are
writ
before
or
after
the
corps
interred
,
but
not
vpon
the
Tombe
:
being
more
dilated
measures
,
either
expressing
the
memorable
actions
of
his
life
(
or
if
nothing
worthy
in
his
life
)
at
least
modestly
to
shut
vp
his
desertlesse
life
,
with
a
commemoration
of
humane
frailty
:
silencing
the
person
,
lest
his
description
should
minister
either
matter
of
offence
or
assentation
:
of
offence
,
if
truely
expressed
;
of
assentation
,
if
aboue
merit
praised
.
Hee
that
neither
benefited
himselfe
nor
his
Countrie
;
(
but
,
vt
Canis
in
presepi
)
was
rightly
demonstrated
with
this
Impressa
,
Hic
Vir
diu
fuit
:
This
man
was
long
,
but
liued
not
long
:
for
life
and
being
haue
an
essentiall
difference
.
We
are
said
to
liue
when
we
expresse
our
life
by
externall
effects
,
knowing
for
what
wee
were
ordained
;
for
what
borne
;
not
to
retire
our selues
from
publique
affaires
,
for
priuate
ease
:
but
to
further
our
Countrie
,
and
propagate
her
glory
by
serious
and
vigilant
managements
,
both
at
home
and
abroad
.
This
man
is
said
to
liue
,
that
hath
left
some
monument
or
testimonie
behinde
him
that
he
liued
.
We
are
only
said
to
be
,
when
we
only
breathe
,
respectles
of
either
publique
or
priuate
:
imitating
those
Flies
Ephemerae
,
which
flicker
a
little
with
their
wings
(
limiting
their
life
within
one
day
)
&
presently
die
.
These
as
the
Philosopher
saith
,
spirant
tantùm
non
viuunt
.
But
too
much
of
them
,
both
die
:
Yet
this
is
the
difference
:
the
one
dying
,
leaueth
a
testimony
behinde
him
that
hee
once
liued
;
The
other
being
dead
,
hath
no
hope
that
his
memory
shall
euer
bee
reuiued
.
Many
pretie
Epitaphs
the
Romanes
vsed
;
briefe
,
yet
ample
enough
to
describe
the
nature
of
the
person
whom
they
would
haue
memorized
.
Virgil
writing
on
one
Balista
Jn
vit
.
Nar
.
&
frag
.
(
a
great
sword
and
buckler-man
)
as
I
may
terme
him
,
frequenting
places
of
aduantage
,
to
rob
,
and
surprise
passengers
vnawares
,
cheeres
the
poore
way-faring-man
with
this
comfortable
inscription
on
Balistas
graue
:
Who
ere
he
be
that
passeth
by
this
way
,
Monte
sub
hoc
laepidum
teg
.
&c.
May
safely
trauell
both
by
night
and
day
,
And
that
he
may
confirme
it
with
his
eies
,
Vnder
this
heape
of
stones
Balista
lies
,
Or
thus
,
Since
the
time
Balista
heere
interred
was
,
Or
day
or
night
the
Traueller
may
passe
.
And
that
vpon
his
Flie
or
Gnat
:
Heere
I
expresse
what
thou
once
did
to
mee
,
Solemnizing
thy
death
to
honour
thee
.
And
that
of
Sylenus
the
drunken
Swaine
:
Vnder
this
tuft
of
wood
lies
there
a
Swaine
,
Came
drunke
to
Earth
,
went
drunke
to
Earth
againe
:
And
that
of
Minos
king
of
Crete
Heere
Minos
lies
who
plai'd
the
Iudge
so
well
On
Earth
,
that
now
hee
's
made
a
Iudge
in
Hell
.
This
Minos
for
his
excellent
iudgement
and
iustice
in
Crete
,
being
seuere
,
and
therefore
his
attribute
was
rightly
giuen
him
:
he
was
said
to
be
{αβγδ}
,
●ough
and
seuere
,
exact
and
austere
in
all
his
censures
:
for
which
cause
he
was
translated
from
the
principalitie
of
Crete
,
to
the
tribunall
of
Hell
:
(
as
Poets
faine
.
)
In
the
discourse
of
arguments
of
this
nature
:
as
we
haue
many
write
Epitaphs
(
some
panegyrick
)
in
way
of
commendation
and
praise
:
others
inuectiue
to
expresse
the
merite
or
defect
of
any
person
:
we
should
be
warie
heerein
,
lest
either
by
vaine
Sicut
lingua
loquentis
proficit
in
aur●
audientis
,
ita
calamus
scribentis
in
oculo
le
gentis
,
&
ad
interiora
cordis
peruenit
sensus
dirigentis
,
sicut
verba
instruentis
:
Albin
.
in
praefatio
:
comment
in
Iohan
.
&
adulatorie
praise
,
we
giue
error
a
warrant
,
or
by
too
detractiue
inuection
,
wee
seeme
(
grauius
in
sepulchra
mortuorum
calcare
,
that
I
may
vse
the
Philosophers
saying
.
But
to
omit
the
vse
of
Epitaphs
,
which
of
themselues
haue
euer
ministred
occasion
of
imitation
or
detestation
:
I
will
proceede
to
the
antiquitie
of
Epitaphs
,
and
afterward
descend
to
the
seuerall
branches
which
I
haue
before
in
my
methode
to
my selfe
propounded
.
Epitaphs
haue
bene
euer
vsed
vpon
the
Tombes
of
the
deceased
,
to
express
their
Vertues
or
vices
.
Of
all
the
seuen
Vide
Laert
.
de
vit
.
philoso
.
Sages
of
Greece
,
not
one
there
is
,
but
charactred
to
the
ful
by
their
especiall
appropriates
:
and
though
diuers
(
in
contempt
of
vaine
glory
or
ostentation
)
haue
precisely
commanded
vpon
their
death-beds
,
that
no
statue
,
shrine
,
nor
inscription
should
be
erected
or
engrauen
in
their
memories
:
yet
so
gratefull
was
posteritie
to
so
noble
predecessors
,
as
they
would
in
no
wise
suffer
so
Valiant
exploits
either
publique
or
priuate
,
to
bee
buried
in
silence
and
obliuion
.
Yea
euer
in
those
times
,
where
fines
imperij
tueri
magis
,
quàm
proferre
,
mos
erat
:
as
in
those
Golden
times
,
and
empires
of
Vexores
King
of
Aegypt
,
and
Tanais
King
of
Scythia
which
Historians
take
to
be
the
first
Monarchs
and
sole
Gouernours
in
the
world
;
euen
thē
(
I
say
)
were
Epitaphs
of
this
nature
verie
frequent
,
and
common
:
and
in
Ninus
time
,
who
succeeded
,
or
rather
dissolued
their
gouernment
,
we
reade
Epitaphs
euen
written
vpon
his
Tombe
;
describing
his
nature
and
disposition
at
large
,
the
manner
of
his
discipline
in
warre
,
the
continuance
of
his
Empire
or
Gouernment
,
and
the
occasion
of
his
death
.
To
speake
of
the
effeminate
Gouernment
and
principality
of
the
Amazons
(
women
of
incomparable
and
incredible
fortune
,
valour
and
resolution
)
wee
haue
yet
those
Tombes
and
Sepulchers
of
the
Tumuli
Amazonum
.
Amazons
celebrated
to
this
day
amongst
those
Pagans
,
for
the
infinite
numbers
slaine
by
Hercules
,
in
his
inuasion
of
Amazon
:
where
the
worthie
exploits
of
those
(
more
then
women
)
for
their
discipline
and
experience
in
warres
,
are
in
golden
Characters
registred
and
recorded
.
We
reade
euen
in
those
(
who
for
their
magnanimitie
and
resolution
)
were
termed
{αβγδ}
or
Heroes
,
men
of
heroicke
disposition
,
to
haue
had
in
former
times
inscriptions
vpon
their
Graues
and
Monuments
,
to
expresse
what
they
were
liuing
,
that
deserued
so
exceeding
commendation
dying
.
Such
were
Alcides
,
Theseus
,
Hector
,
Perithous
,
and
the
renowne
of
Greece
(
the
auncient
Patroclus
,
)
vpon
whose
graue
whilst
Achilles
leaned
,
he
imagined
true
valour
to
be
charactred
on
his
Graue
,
and
a
sufficient
occasion
of
exciting
and
instigating
the
vnworthiest
and
vnresoluedst
spirits
to
take
in
hand
managements
of
greatest
difficulty
.
We
reade
of
Tarina
Queene
of
Saca
,
that
she
was
no
lesse
memorable
for
her
sepulcher
,
(
surpassing
both
in
bountie
&
specious
edifice
,
then
the
Pyramides
of
Aegipt
;
Labyrinth
in
Crete
,
contriued
and
inuented
by
Dedalus
,
or
that
sumptuous
Monument
erected
by
Artemisia
in
honour
of
her
husband
Mansolus
.
If
we
should
descend
to
the
Persian
Princes
elected
after
the
(
premature
death
of
Gladio
sua
sponte
euaginato
grauiter
vulneratus
occubuit
Iust
1.
lib
:
Cambyses
)
wee
shall
there
more
eminently
surueigh
the
processe
of
their
government
,
and
their
ends
(
some
with
glorie
and
renowne
)
others
with
no
lesse
infamie
and
reproch
attaind
.
Yet
to
vse
decencie
in
the
celebration
of
funerall
rites
and
solemnities
:
for
I
know
(
that
I
may
vse
the
morallists
opinion
)
there
is
a
vaine-glorie
euen
in
death
;
and
as
the
pompe
of
death
doth
more
terrifie
then
death
it selfe
,
so
doth
the
pompe
of
death
more
excite
men
to
die
willingly
then
their
expectance
after
death
.
For
this
all
the
Romaine
Emperours
would
haue
their
Tombes
erected
in
their
life
time
,
with
all
externall
ostentation
,
and
popularitie
:
to
intimate
a
kind
of
Empire
euen
in
death
:
which
may
appeare
by
that
(
which
Suetonius
speakes
in
the
life
of
Augustus
)
that
before
his
death
,
the
statue
which
was
erected
and
set
vp
in
his
memorie
being
strucken
with
Thunder
,
lost
the
first
letter
of
his
Name
(
to
wit
C.
)
which
signified
as
the
Augurs
diuined
,
that
within
a
hundred
daies
immediatelie
following
,
he
should
depart
the
world
.
Cato
in
dede
(
who
tooke
it
nobile
lethum
to
die
for
his
countrie
and
the
preseruation
of
her
libertie
)
would
haue
no
shrine
,
statue
,
nor
inscription
set
vp
in
his
memory
;
supposing
his
vertues
to
be
sufficient
annals
and
records
to
eternise
his
name
.
Of
this
minde
was
Phocion
the
Athenian
(
both
Stoicks
for
their
discipline
)
seeming
vnwilling
to
imitate
the
popular
in
exterior
rites
:
being
(
as
they
deemed
)
able
to
expresse
their
owne
liues
by
their
deaths
,
their
deaths
by
their
liues
.
Which
may
be
the
cause
which
moued
Flaccus
to
contemne
all
monuments
,
with
this
resolued
security
:
Vnde
mihi
lapidem
&c.
What
auailes
it
to
haue
Monuments
,
Stones
,
Shrines
or
Statues
to
memorise
vs
?
what
skils
it
to
haue
labels
hung
vpon
our
Sepulchers
(
as
those
siluer
swords
of
Greece
ouer
the
Sepulcher
of
Philip
;
those
golden
Archers
of
Persia
ouer
the
memorable
tombe
of
Artaxerxes
?
as
the
same
Poet
saith
,
—
Non
datur
emisso
reditus
tibi
—
It
is
true
:
yet
so
respectiue
should
man
be
of
the
demerited
&
praise-worthy
acts
of
his
Ancestors
(
so
superstitiously
careful
that
their
monuments
be
not
in
obliuion
smothered
)
as
no
time
should
be
omitted
(
wherein
we
may
as
the
Orator
saith
,
defunctorum
memoriae
seruire
)
but
with
all
instance
to
perfect
&
accomplish
the
same
.
We
Vid
.
descr
.
Affric
.
Qui
sepulcra
maiorum
vt
propria
domicilia
laresque
existimarunt
.
reade
that
the
Pagans
haue
been
so
respectiue
hereof
,
that
the
monuments
of
their
parents
&
kinsfolkes
haue
been
no
lesse
deare
to
them
,
then
their
own
houses
,
their
owne
habitations
and
dwellings
:
Esteeming
their
reputation
(
to
be
purchased
)
by
the
purchase
of
their
Auncestors
glory
,
and
augmented
by
the
preseruation
of
their
memory
.
Agathocles
Prince
of
Syracuse
(
willing
to
erect
a
Monument
or
Statue
in
his
owne
memory
,
to
expresse
humane
frailtie
)
commanded
that
the
head
and
vpper
parts
should
be
made
of
solid
gold
,
but
the
feete
of
earth
;
with
this
Impresse
:
Sic
omnia
firma
.
An
excellent
obseruation
and
caution
to
put
Man
in
minde
of
his
substance
and
subsistence
,
constitution
and
dissolution
:
that
standing
on
no
firmer
feete
then
earth
,
no
stronger
arches
(
then
staies
of
mortality
)
he
should
euer
feare
lest
so
proud
a
building
should
fall
,
being
supported
by
so
vnstable
and
vnable
props
.
But
for
Antiquitie
(
as
shee
is
said
to
be
the
warrant
of
things
done
,
the
confirmer
of
things
present
,
and
president
of
things
to
come
;
so
ofttimes
vices
haue
beene
bolstered
by
her
,
impieties
authorized
by
her
,
and
a
direction
to
greater
laid
open
by
her
.
I
will
descend
therefore
briefely
to
particularize
such
Epitaphs
(
vsed
by
the
Ancients
)
which
remained
for
caueats
or
obseruations
in
succeeding
times
.
As
others
(
likewise
)
that
moued
and
excited
men
to
vndertake
valiant
and
couragious
exploits
in
hand
.
We
reade
that
Augustus
(
when
he
died
at
Nola
,
being
a
Towne
seated
in
the
middle
part
of
Campania
)
his
souldiers
to
expresse
and
manifest
their
loue
to
him
dying
,
as
they
had
done
their
allegeance
to
him
liuing
,
burst
out
in
seuerall
passions
of
sorrow
,
griefe
,
and
pensiue
distractions
,
with
these
speeches
:
O
God
,
that
he
had
either
neuer
beene
borne
,
or
that
he
had
neuer
died
:
For
the
one
Alterum
enim
pessimi
incepti
,
exitus
praeclari
alterum
&c.
is
an
occasion
of
our
misery
,
the
other
a
president
of
his
glory
.
For
so
great
was
his
loue
towards
the
Citizens
,
that
by
his
owne
care
and
diligence
,
he
commanded
great
abundance
of
graine
to
be
brought
out
of
Aegypt
to
sustaine
his
people
welnie
consumed
with
famine
.
Few
of
the
twelue
Romane
Emperors
reade
we
so
excellent
and
exquisite
commendations
of
:
saue
Titus
,
who
receiued
this
Impresse
euen
vpon
his
hearse
,
to
be
Amor
&
deliciae
generis
humani
:
Mans
darling
,
the
Worlds
mirror
,
and
the
flower
of
all
Romane
Emperors
either
before
or
since
;
being
directed
and
enlightned
no
further
then
with
the
beameling
of
nature
.
For
to
recapitulate
the
natures
of
all
those
Princes
,
twixt
Augustus
the
first
of
the
twelue
(
saue
one
)
to
Titus
,
the
last
of
the
twelue
,
saue
one
,
we
shall
see
their
dispositions
variable
,
inconstant
,
dissolute
,
and
generally
vicious
.
Tiberius
taxed
for
his
subtiltie
,
Caligula
for
his
insolencie
,
Claudus
for
his
effeminacie
,
Nero
for
his
cruelty
,
Galba
for
his
intemperancie
,
Oth●
Vita
omnis
turpis
,
maxime
adolescentia
&c.
vid
.
Sext
.
Aurel
.
de
Oth.
for
his
inhumanitie
,
Vitellius
for
his
prodigalitie
,
Vespasian
for
his
misery
:
These
haue
wee
charactred
(
which
the
Romane
Annals
haue
expressed
to
life
)
such
as
either
merited
eternall
infamie
by
their
vicious
gouernment
,
or
due
commendation
for
their
many
morall
vertues
wherewith
they
were
endued
and
inuested
.
Vita
mortuorum
est
in
memoria
viuentium
(
saith
one
very
well
:
)
for
it
renues
and
reuiues
the
memory
of
the
dead
,
and
makes
him
liue
in
name
,
honour
and
reputation
,
when
the
sithe
of
Fate
hath
pruned
him
.
For
this
all
the
Romane
Emperors
haue
laboured
,
desiring
to
become
memorable
after
death
:
Curtius
throwing
himselfe
into
the
lake
;
Vtican
purchasing
his
liberty
by
voluntary
death
;
Horatius
Cocles
throwing
himselfe
violently
into
Tyber
to
preserue
his
Countries
libertie
;
In
capite
eius
veluti
cornua
emerse
runt
&c.
Valer
.
Max.
lib
.
Genitius
Cippus
subiecting
himselfe
to
death
to
propagate
his
Countries
glory
;
P.
Decius
who
rushed
into
the
fore-front
of
the
enemies
(
encountring
a
whole
Armie
)
to
make
his
owne
memory
more
famous
and
illustrious
:
The
like
of
Scipio
Affricane
,
who
to
extinguish
that
menacing
fire
of
Hannibal
,
deuoted
himselfe
to
death
for
the
safegard
of
his
Country
.
These
and
many
more
,
who
illustrated
their
Names
by
atchieuements
done
liuing
,
expected
(
without
question
)
no
little
celebration
of
their
name
and
memory
dying
:
and
though
their
opinion
reached
not
to
the
soules
immortality
;
yet
they
could
extend
their
imaginations
thus
farre
,
as
a
famous
and
memorable
death
surpassed
an
infamous
and
ignominious
life
:
wishing
rather
to
die
in
fame
,
then
liue
in
eternall
obscurity
.
Which
caused
some
(
of
disposition
vnequall
to
the
former
)
to
perpetrate
some
hainous
and
enormious
crime
,
whereby
they
might
purchase
fame
euen
by
infamie
:
Such
was
Herostratus
who
burned
the
Temple
of
Diana
at
Ephesus
,
to
purchase
himselfe
a
name
.
Such
was
Turulius
who
hewed
downe
the
graue
that
was
consecrate
to
the
Temple
of
Aesculapius
,
to
erect
him
a
ship
,
that
once
Religion
(
as
he
himselfe
auowed
)
might
ride
on
the
water
:
And
such
was
Q.
Fuluius
who
to
enrich
himselfe
(
by
sinister
meanes
)
tooke
from
the
Temple
dedicated
to
Iuno
Lucinia
,
tegulas
quasdam
marmoreas
,
for
which
he
sustained
condigne
punishment
;
amongst
which
we
may
insert
that
sacrilegious
Prince
or
Tyrant
rather
(
for
his
Empire
of
Syracuse
as
it
came
vnto
him
by
an
vsurped
succession
,
so
it
was
gouerned
by
as
cruell
and
tyrannicall
a
disposition
)
bearding
the
Gods
,
and
afterwards
robbing
the
Altars
and
Temples
(
of
their
sacred
ornaments
.
)
For
coming
one
day
to
the
Temple
of
Iupiter
Olympius
,
and
seeing
his
Image
gloriously
beautified
with
a
Quo
eum
Tyrannus
Hiero
&c.
manubijs
Carthaginiens
.
ornauerat
&c.
vestment
of
gold
(
of
an
exceeding
weight
and
inestimable
price
)
commanded
it
to
be
taken
from
him
,
and
a
woollen
garment
to
be
giuen
him
in
the
stead
of
it
:
saying
,
A
coate
of
gold
was
too
heauy
for
him
in
Summer
,
too
cold
in
Winter
;
but
a
woollen
garment
was
fitter
for
both
seasons
.
Many
of
these
haue
we
recorded
by
Historians
,
whose
liues
were
no
lesse
prophane
,
then
their
ends
miserable
.
Vpon
all
which
(
if
we
might
insist
vpon
this
argument
)
Epitaphs
very
answerable
to
their
infamous
and
despicable
liues
might
be
produced
.
But
we
must
proceed
,
because
this
summarie
discourse
,
(
which
I
haue
heere
placed
and
prefixed
(
as
a
preamble
or
fore-runner
)
to
our
Epitaphs
following
)
is
but
intended
onely
to
demonstrate
the
vse
and
effect
of
Epitaphs
,
with
their
first
institution
,
&
their
distinct
kinds
arising
from
their
primarie
vses
.
It
is
true
that
there
is
no
necessitie
in
Sepulchers
,
or
specious
monuments
;
for
coelo
tegitur
,
qui
non
habet
vrnam
:
which
moued
Diogenes
the
Cynick
to
bid
his
friends
cast
his
body
vnto
the
dogges
when
he
was
dead
:
and
being
answered
by
them
,
that
the
dogges
would
teare
and
rent
it
:
Set
a
staffe
by
●e
(
quoth
he
)
and
I
wil
beate
them
from
it
.
Yet
in
this
seeming
contempt
of
buriall
,
we
shall
reade
in
most
of
the
liues
of
the
Pagans
,
that
they
were
respectiue
where
they
should
be
interred
,
erecting
(
as
in
part
hath
beene
mentioned
)
very
goodly
and
glorious
Sepulchers
in
their
life-times
to
eternise
their
memory
after
death
:
with
whom
(
it
fared
many
times
)
as
it
fared
once
with
Shebna
sibi
tumula
condit
,
quem
fata
negarunt
.
Shebna
,
who
made
himselfe
a
Sepulcher
in
one
Countrie
,
but
was
buried
in
another
.
The
first
that
buried
such
as
fell
in
warre
.
Hercules
(
we
reade
)
to
be
the
first
that
euer
buried
such
as
fell
in
warre
.
Many
ancient
Epitaphs
we
haue
by
transcription
,
engrauen
vpon
the
monuments
of
the
deceased
:
as
in
the
Northerne
parts
especially
,
where
in
the
very
ruines
of
time
,
we
may
see
some
monumentall
inscription
inserted
,
to
reuiue
the
memory
of
the
dead
.
As
in
the
warres
of
the
Saxons
,
Picts
,
and
Danes
:
no
coast
being
more
frequent
then
the
North
,
to
expresse
the
memorable
acts
done
in
former
time
,
as
also
to
set
out
the
very
places
and
circumstances
of
things
atchieued
,
with
the
manuscripts
traduced
from
former
occurrents
euen
to
these
present
times
:
many
curious
and
serious
Antiquaries
hauing
viewed
and
particularly
set
downe
the
especiallest
records
heereof
with
diuers
memorable
inscriptions
happily
occurring
to
their
surueigh
,
I
will
ouerpasse
the
same
,
lest
I
should
seeme
to
trifle
out
my
time
with
an
impertinent
discourse
.
It
is
true
that
a
Souldiers
resolution
euer
fixed
on
braue
attempts
,
and
the
inlarging
of
his
Countries
glory
,
should
rather
aime
at
fame
after
death
,
then
to
erect
for
himselfe
a
curious
monument
in
his
death
:
which
moued
Caesar
in
the
plaine
of
Pharsalie
to
s●y
,
—
Sep.
li
.
Lucan
.
Capit
omnia
tellus
Quae
genuit
:
coelo
tegitur
,
qui
non
habet
vrnam
.
And
againe
that
martiall
straine
of
valour
:
Nil
agis
hac
ira
,
tabesne
cadauera
soluat
,
An
rogus
,
hand
spectat
:
placido
natura
receptat
cuncta
sinu
.
And
so
concludes
the
Declamour
in
Seneca
:
Nature
giues
euery
man
a
graue
:
seconded
by
old
Anchises
resolution
:
Nec
tumulum
curo
,
sepelit
natura
relictos
.
Yet
humanitie
requires
these
finall
obsequies
,
not
onely
in
remembrance
of
our
dead
friends
,
but
euen
to
manifest
the
sinceritie
of
our
loues
,
in
erecting
monuments
ouer
them
dead
,
which
might
preserue
their
memory
,
and
confirme
our
affections
in
their
deaths
.
The
friends
of
Cleombrotus
(
surnamed
Ambrociat
)
seeing
his
much
lamented
end
,
desired
much
to
expresse
their
loue
vnto
their
dead
friend
;
yet
withall
to
conceale
the
infamie
and
reproach
of
his
death
:
yet
Callimachus
plaied
the
Epigrammatist
vpon
his
graue
,
whilest
his
deare
friends
deplored
his
vntimely
end
.
The
Epigram
(
inscribed
after
the
forme
of
an
Epitaph
)
being
fixed
on
his
Tombe
,
whence
all
Epitaphs
haue
their
denomination
,
was
this
,
-
Vita
vale
,
muro
praeceps
delapsus
ab
alto
Dixisti
moriens
,
Ambrociata
puer
,
-
Nullum
in
morte
malum
credens
.
sed
scripta
Platonis
Non
ita
erant
animo
percitienda
tuo
.
In
English
thus
,
The
yong
Ambrociat
,
whilst
himselfe
he
threw
From
off
the
wall
,
bad
to
his
life
adew
,
Deeming
(
as
Plato
wrote
)
in
death's
no
woe
,
But
he
mistooke
it
:
Plato
meant
not
soe
.
This
booke
which
mooued
Ambrociat
to
this
precipitate
attempt
,
is
imagined
to
be
Platoes
Phaedo
of
the
immortalitie
of
the
soule
:
which
also
(
by
a
misconstruction
)
Cato
Vtican
apprehending
,
laid
violent
hand
vpon
himselfe
,
to
free
himselfe
from
the
tyra●nie
and
illimited
soueraignty
of
the
vsurping
Caesar
.
But
to
our
argument
propounded
.
We
haue
shadowed
briefely
the
first
branch
(
or
kinde
which
we
proposed
in
the
beginning
)
to
wit
,
morall
Epitaphs
,
being
such
as
conduce
to
instruction
either
publike
or
priuate
,
wherein
(
by
the
very
inscriptions
or
titles
engrauen
vpon
the
Tombes
of
the
deceased
)
some
haue
beene
mooued
to
imitate
their
memorable
liues
in
actions
and
attempts
of
like
nature
;
as
Caesar
in
the
surueigh
of
Mithridates
,
Augustus
in
the
surueigh
of
Caesar
,
Alexander
by
the
monument
of
Achilles
,
Achilles
by
the
fame-engrauen
monument
of
Patroclus
,
Aenaeas
by
the
renowned
Tombe
of
the
matchlesse
Andromach
in
Hom.
called
Hector
Troiae
{αβγδ}
.
Hector
,
and
Hector
by
the
eternized
memorie
of
Antenor
:
These
were
morall
,
inducing
or
exciting
Impresses
,
drawing
the
mindes
of
the
beholders
to
the
management
of
the
like
approued
and
redoubted
acts
.
We
will
now
proceede
to
Epitaphs
(
comming
neerer
a
diuine
composition
)
excellent
for
their
graue
and
diuinely
mouing
sentences
;
pithy
for
their
effect
,
and
profitable
for
their
vse
.
That
is
an
excellent
one
of
Scaligers
:
Scaligeri
quod
reliquum
est
:
and
that
no
lesse
diuine
of
Caius
:
Fui
Caius
.
Epitaphs
of
this
kinde
seeme
little
affectiue
,
yet
include
so
exquisite
a
straine
,
as
they
may
rightly
be
termed
diuine
:
surpassing
mortalitie
in
description
of
our
mortality
;
they
delineate
the
state
of
man
,
extenuate
his
pompe
,
and
shew
to
what
end
man
was
created
,
not
to
be
onely
,
but
to
liue
:
there
being
an
essentiall
difference
(
twixt
being
and
liuing
)
as
I
haue
before
specified
.
We
haue
some
of
these
which
set
out
vanity
in
her
naturall
colours
:
and
imply
diuinely
,
what
they
propound
morally
.
Diuers
we
reade
of
,
that
fearefull
(
it
seemes
)
to
commend
the
writing
of
their
Epitaphs
to
posteritie
,
would
euer
be
prouided
of
one
in
their
owne
time
:
which
(
to
expresse
their
worth
better
)
did
not
shew
or
character
their
worth
,
but
in
a
modest
silence
describe
their
owne
frailetie
,
shutting
vp
their
fame
and
memory
,
with
a
farewell
to
Earth
and
Vanitie
.
These
be
soueraigne
cordials
to
cheere
the
drouping
and
deiected
spirit
:
such
as
liue
iniuried
by
time
,
oppressed
by
greatnesse
of
enmity
,
and
slaued
to
penurie
:
Such
I
say
,
as
liue
obscurely
in
the
eye
of
the
World
,
neither
noted
nor
reputed
.
When
the
rich-man
seeth
nothing
vpon
Croesus
graue
,
but
a
Fui
Croesus
:
nor
the
poore-man
vpon
Irus
then
,
Fui
Irus
:
what
difference
at
their
dissolution
?
though
in
the
eye
of
vaine
and
popular
accompts
,
there
be
a
maine
difference
.
These
diuine
Epitaphs
moue
the
intellectual
part
to
an
apprehension
of
humane
condition
;
to
consider
that
we
are
al
made
ex
Homo
ex
humo
.
Terra
à
terendo
.
Cadauer
à
cadendo
.
Vèrmis
quia
inermis
.
eadem
argilla
:
&
as
no
difference
in
frame
&
module
,
so
no
difference
in
the
end
and
period
;
only
that
which
was
writ
vpon
the
Bauarians
graue
shal
either
confirme
our
hopes
,
or
make
vs
eternally
miserable
:
—
Sit
comes
intemerata
fides
:
or
that
which
was
engrauen
on
the
Tombe
of
a
Venetian
Lord
:
Qui
Quod
Seneca
in
Vatiae
tumulum
scripsit
.
Hic
situs
est
Vatia
:
dormire
enim
magis
quam
viuere
videbatur
.
vixit
,
viuet
,
qui
fuit
,
ille
perit
.
One
no
lesse
diuine
then
the
other
,
distinguishing
betwixt
being
and
liuing
:
where
our
actions
must
be
poised
,
our
intentions
discussed
,
and
the
vniuersalitie
of
nature
discouered
We
are
drawne
by
these
Epitaphs
to
disualue
the
pompe
and
port
of
this
World
;
lesse
to
pamper
the
inordinate
and
distempered
affections
of
the
Flesh
:
holding
as
the
Platonists
held
,
onely
the
Soule
to
be
Man
,
and
the
body
to
be
a
case
or
couer
to
put
it
in
:
And
as
Seneca
termes
it
,
a
rinde
or
barke
:
so
to
fixe
onely
the
light
and
splendor
of
the
internall
part
vpon
that
soueraign
end
,
by
which
we
may
ende
in
glory
,
as
we
were
borne
in
misery
.
And
miserable
did
the
Philosopher
account
that
man
,
whose
best
of
memories
consisted
in
faire
&
eminent
obsequies
;
vertue
being
the
best
shrine
,
the
exquisitest
monument
which
can
be
erected
to
honour
man
.
How
should
we
best
describe
our selues
,
and
the
excellencie
of
our
owne
natures
,
but
by
the
contempt
of
death
,
expresse
our
owne
affections
euen
vpon
our
graues
,
shewing
our selues
to
be
Christians
?
The
memorable
inscriptions
of
the
ancient
Princes
(
who
died
in
their
Countries
right
)
may
excite
vs
to
managements
of
no
lesse
consequence
.
The
Inscription
vpon
Qui
pannosus
sarmenta
collo
gerens
,
castra
hostium
ingreditur
.
Iust
.
secundo
lib
.
Codrus
Tombe
,
who
was
Prince
of
Athens
,
was
—
Haec
mors
mihi
nomen
ademit
.
The
like
we
reade
of
Attilius
Regulus
,
who
rather
then
he
would
infringe
his
faith
,
willingly
returned
vnto
his
enemies
the
Carthaginians
:
where
,
after
he
had
endured
intollerable
torments
,
and
vnworthie
of
so
great
and
equally
disposed
minde
,
he
commanded
this
Epitaph
to
be
engrauen
vpon
his
obscure
Tombe
,
Nec
sine
spe
perij
.
Many
such
may
we
reade
in
the
memorable
Annals
of
the
Romanes
,
specially
in
the
warre
betwixt
Carthage
and
Rome
:
in
which
warres
,
no
man
of
esteeme
or
ennobled
ranke
died
,
that
was
not
graced
with
some
inscription
vpon
his
monument
.
Yet
Pompey
the
Great
,
whose
prudence
in
gouerning
,
sinceritie
in
disposing
,
promptnesse
in
attempting
,
and
firme
resolution
in
seconding
,
got
him
an
eternal
fame
,
both
at
home
&
abroad
:
abroad
in
following
Scylla
at
home
in
bearing
vp
the
main
building
of
the
State
with
his
graue
and
discreete
supportance
:
euen
this
Pompey
had
but
a
short
Epitaph
writ
vpon
him
,
Hîc
situs
est
magnus
.
Heere
lies
the
pompe
of
a
puissant
and
potent
Pompey
:
heere
lies
Romes
Atlas
,
the
Easterne
terror
,
and
his
friends
aduancer
:
one
whom
neither
imminence
of
perill
,
nor
mutation
of
state
,
nor
occurrence
in
fate
could
alter
or
dismay
:
Euen
that
powerfull
Columne
is
now
ruined
,
his
glory
dazled
,
and
the
mansion
which
was
made
glorious
by
him
in
Rome
,
becomes
reduced
to
a
poore
and
homely
Sepulcher
in
Aegypt
.
One
chancing
to
come
where
king
Dennis
was
buried
:
being
depriued
of
crowne
and
dignity
by
reason
of
his
tyrannicke
gouernment
,
and
before
his
death
had
retired
himselfe
to
a
simple
Schoole
,
where
he
taught
scholers
;
saying
,
Et
regam
inuitis
fatis
:
vnderstanding
the
course
and
processe
of
his
gouernment
,
writ
this
short
Epitaph
vpon
his
Tombe
:
Dennis
eras
,
&
Dennis
eris
,
nec
rege
minorem
Te
tua
fata
vocant
:
Rexque
Magister
eris
:
Rex
populi
crudelis
eras
,
puerisque
Magister
Saeuior
,
his
celerem
fata
dedere
finem
.
Nec
regis
inuitis
fatis
,
è
culmine
regni
,
Vt
cadis
,
admissum
est
deseruisse
scholam
.
In
English
thus
,
Dennis
thou
was
,
and
Dennis
thou
shalt
be
,
For
thy
owne
Fates
bestow
this
stile
on
thee
,
King
both
to
men
and
children
,
yet
in
them
Thou
was
more
fierce
to
children
then
to
men
:
Which
when
the
fates
perceiu'd
,
they
thoght
t'
extend
Thy
course
continued
il
with
swifter
end
.
Spurne
not
against
the
fates
,
imperious
foole
,
For
as
thou
lost
thy
crown
,
thouse
leaue
thy
scoole
In
Epitaphs
of
this
nature
,
a
more
then
morall
instruction
or
institution
is
to
be
required
:
expressing
onely
the
intellectuall
part
without
any
prophane
or
heathenish
inuention
,
being
transcendent
to
the
vulgar
reach
or
apprehension
of
humane
vnderstanding
:
many
diuine
and
holy
escripts
of
the
ancient
Fathers
may
be
comprehended
heerein
:
being
such
as
treated
aswell
of
the
life
and
discipline
of
the
dead
,
as
especiall
motiues
of
imitation
;
or
cautions
of
detestation
to
the
liuing
.
Here
Ambition
pourtraied
in
her
colours
,
occasions
her
owne
end
by
her
owne
vnbounded
desires
.
There
Couetousnesse
(
with
the
misers
Motto
)
is
exemplified
,
and
how
many
euils
are
continually
attending
her
,
according
to
the
definitiue
censure
of
Flaccus
,
Semper
a●arus
eget
.
Heere
Sacriledge
instanced
in
our
ancient
Albane
Brennus
;
on
whom
we
reade
,
that
after
his
many
conquests
and
victorious
attempts
in
Gaule
,
and
the
sacking
of
Rome
,
with
many
rich
booties
and
spoiles
obtained
in
those
warres
;
at
last
attempted
the
beautifull
and
rich
Temple
of
Delphos
consecrate
to
Apollo
,
being
excited
and
instigated
by
Euridanus
and
Thessalonus
to
aduenture
so
difficult
a
Prouince
,
onely
in
hope
of
obtaining
inestimable
treasures
,
reserued
(
say
they
)
for
such
as
would
boldly
attempt
,
and
without
feare
of
the
gods
,
or
prophanation
of
Religion
,
durst
attempt
the
ransacking
and
rifling
of
such
sacred
treasures
.
But
behold
,
the
purposes
of
the
wicked
were
confounded
(
and
euer
may
Sacriledge
haue
the
like
successe
)
for
suddenly
Brennus
with
all
his
populous
Armie
,
were
discomfited
,
their
execrable
deuices
frustrated
,
and
themselues
(
all
or
most
)
subiected
to
miserable
ends
:
the
particulars
whereof
are
more
fully
and
amply
dilated
on
by
the
Romane
Historian
Trog
.
Pompeius
.
Their
Epitaph
we
finde
thus
,
(
being
extracted
out
of
ancient
Annals
)
concording
well
with
the
nature
of
their
crime
,
and
miserie
of
their
end
:
Haec
via
Sacrilegis
,
haec
regia
porta
sepultis
,
A
Delphi
laribus
limen
adire
Ditis
.
In
English
thus
,
This
way
Church-robbers
go
,
who
seek
to
fall
From
great
Apolloes
shrine
to
Plutoes
Hall
.
These
kind
of
Epitaphs
may
include
or
comprehend
all
such
,
as
for
any
excellent
part
or
management
domestike
or
publique
,
haue
beene
accounted
worthy
memory
:
or
such
,
as
for
eminence
of
place
haue
beene
no
lesse
markeable
,
then
singular
in
discharge
of
their
authoritie
:
for
acts
of
puissance
&
renowme
that
Epitaph
engrauen
on
the
Tombe
of
Willinam
Marshall
Earle
of
Pembroke
,
in
the
time
of
Henry
the
third
:
Sum
quem
Saturnum
sibi
sensit
Hybernia
;
Solem
Anglia
,
Mercurum
Normannia
,
Gallia
Martem
.
And
that
Epitaph
writ
vpon
Theobald
Blois
Earle
of
Champaine
(
too
diuine
for
any
mortall
creature
:
Non
hominem
possum
,
non
andeo
dicere
numen
.
And
that
of
one
Glare
expressing
(
in
one
man
)
an
Epitome
of
all
vertues
:
Hic
pudor
Hippoliti
,
Paridis
gena
,
sensus
Vlyssis
,
Aeneae
pietas
,
Hectoris
ira
iacet
.
That
memorable
one
also
vpon
the
Sepulcher
of
Maud
mother
to
Henrie
the
second
:
describing
the
excellencie
of
her
descent
by
her
Father
,
the
greatnesse
of
her selfe
by
her
match
,
and
her
renowmed
issue
which
(
of
all
other
)
made
her
most
admired
,
and
after
death
the
especiallest
motiue
of
her
eternall
memorie
.
Ortu
magna
,
Viro
maior
,
sed
maxima
partu
,
Hîc
iacet
Henrici
filia
,
sponsa
,
parens
.
Ancient
times
haue
esteemed
these
Epitaphs
sufficient
in
themselues
to
perpetuate
their
names
,
being
records
euer
true
:
for
as
the
Orator
saith
,
Quis
tam
infaelici
genio
,
leuique
ingenio
qui
mortuis
assentari
cupit
?
and
as
the
Poet
saith
,
Lucan
.
Quis
Busta
timebit
?
Herostratus
was
charactred
aswell
for
his
infamie
,
as
Themistocles
for
his
renowme
and
chiualrie
.
Euen
Metellus
modestie
,
Lentulus
leuitie
,
Publicolas
pietie
,
Cethegus
crueltie
,
Appius
affabilitie
,
and
Ciceroes
constancie
had
their
true
lineatures
:
euery
one
mouldned
and
moulded
after
their
deserts
:
for
these
,
as
examples
,
be
of
more
power
and
efficacie
to
the
practise
and
prosecution
of
vertue
,
then
any
instruction
or
document
whatsoeuer
;
draw
men
more
attentiuely
to
their
imitation
,
whose
vertues
they
see
merit
admiration
,
as
I
haue
in
part
before
touched
.
It
is
the
Historians
obseruation
,
that
such
as
had
worthy
and
vertuous
Parents
,
were
wont
to
repaire
vnto
their
Tombs
(
Quasi
ad
propria
vitae
documenta
)
and
by
their
memory
to
be
excited
to
the
like
meanes
of
atchieuing
glory
and
renowme
,
that
their
ends
might
answere
such
exemplarie
parents
.
Though
it
was
Lycas
conclusion
in
the
Tragedie
,
to
attribute
all
merit
to
ones
proper
action
,
and
not
to
the
honour
of
their
Auncestor
.
True
it
is
indeed
,
that
our
predecessors
glory
cannot
properly
be
entitled
ours
,
their
actions
being
onely
as
monuments
of
their
fame
,
presidents
for
vs
to
follow
,
and
indeed
proclaimers
of
our
bastardy
,
if
we
chance
to
degenerate
from
such
rare
and
exquisite
mirrors
.
Yet
was
Sextus
Pompeius
honoured
for
his
Fathers
worth
:
and
such
as
descended
from
vertuous
parents
,
were
onely
thought
fit
to
match
with
Patricians
.
Those
foure
Aureliae
,
Mutiae
,
Laeliae
,
Corneliae
.
ancient
families
in
Rome
,
whose
vertuous
and
modest
demeanures
got
them
the
name
of
chast
matrons
,
were
well
portraied
by
proper
Epitaphs
,
and
in
their
memory
were
these
sentences
engrauen
:
Heere
Romes
honour
lies
buried
:
Heere
lies
the
foundation
of
Auncient
families
:
Heere
modest
Laelius
from
his
Laelia
,
Pompey
the
yonger
from
Cornelia
,
From
Mutia
,
came
a
Mutius
Sceuola
,
And
good
Aurelius
from
Aurelia
.
By
these
memorable
Impresses
,
were
their
successors
ennobled
,
and
to
their
imitation
more
ardently
excited
then
by
any
precept
or
instruction
whatsoeuer
:
the
cause
may
be
drawne
from
that
affectation
of
honour
naturally
ingraffed
in
vs
from
our
birth
,
whereby
we
vse
to
be
spurred
and
instigated
to
the
imitating
of
such
as
by
any
proper
demerit
either
inherent
in
themselues
,
or
traduced
from
others
to
themselues
,
haue
purchased
renowme
:
whence
it
is
,
that
the
Poet
saith
:
Immensum
calcar
gloria
habet
:
neither
hath
it
beene
accounted
a
little
glory
,
or
slender
honour
for
the
successors
of
so
noble
and
famous
Auncestors
:
whose
monuments
were
as
Annals
of
their
worth
and
proclaimers
of
their
glory
;
which
that
they
might
preserue
the
better
,
they
vsed
to
solemnize
their
Funerals
with
exceeding
honours
,
and
to
erect
their
Sepulchers
with
all
state
and
magnifificence
,
deputing
Surueiours
(
which
should
look
to
the
erection
and
preseruation
thereof
:
)
calling
euer
their
graues
Accommodatissima
vitae
specimina
,
Without
which
the
memory
of
their
vertues
might
seeme
obscured
,
their
glory
darkened
,
and
a
great
many
of
those
excellent
parts
wherewith
they
were
endued
,
buried
in
silence
and
obliuion
.
True
it
is
,
that
gorgeous
Sepulchers
little
auaile
the
dead
:
which
moued
the
Philosopher
to
say
,
that
they
were
not
so
much
made
for
the
dead
,
as
for
the
liuing
.
The
Orator
termed
them
mirrors
of
humane
frailtie
,
characters
of
our
glory
,
and
vndoubted
Arguments
of
our
mortalitie
.
Another
examplifying
this
more
fully
saith
,
They
are
Glasses
wherein
we
may
contemplate
our selues
and
others
,
motiues
of
imitation
wherein
we
may
follow
others
,
and
images
of
affinitie
being
of
the
like
nature
and
substance
with
others
.
No
better
or
more
perfect
Resemblance
can
be
made
twixt
man
and
his
creation
,
the
image
of
his
life
,
and
necessitie
of
his
dissolution
;
the
state
of
his
birth
,
and
occasion
of
his
death
;
the
forme
of
his
beginning
,
and
fashion
of
his
end
,
then
twixt
a
dead-mans
Sepulcher
,
and
the
Worlds
Theatre
.
Heere
many
Actors
(
some
whereof
like
your
Pantomimes
in
Rome
,
are
generally
approued
in
all
parts
)
play
on
this
terrestriall
stage
of
humane
frailtie
.
Some
absolute
Machiauels
(
irreligious
politicians
)
shrouding
vicious
purposes
vnder
vertuous
pretences
:
other
simple-honest
soules
,
who
(
like
your
obscure
Actor
)
stands
either
not
at
all
obserued
,
or
else
so
generally
derided
,
as
he
wisheth
rather
to
be
a
doore-keeper
in
the
mansions
of
Heauen
,
then
a
disgraced
Actor
on
this
stage
of
Earth
.
There
your
light
Curtizan
(
who
like
another
Salust
.
Semphronia
,
tanta
est
libidine
accensa
vt
viros
saepius
petet
,
quâm
petetur
,
prostitutes
her
body
to
ruinate
her
soule
,
exposing
her selfe
to
all
,
that
she
might
become
hatefull
to
all
:
to
be
briefe
,
in
the
surueigh
of
all
states
and
conditions
(
for
euery
particular
vice
incurres
a
peculiar
shame
)
we
may
bring
the
Miser
to
his
graue
,
who
while
he
liued
,
was
subiect
to
his
vice
:
The
Curtizan
from
her
brothell
of
vanitie
,
to
her
fellow-pupils
hearse
,
there
to
contemplate
her
owne
frailty
.
The
Ambitious
skie-soaring
thoughts
,
to
Ambicions
fall
,
reducing
his
aspyring
spirit
,
to
a
more
retired
centure
,
the
period
of
a
great
mans
hopes
;
which
moued
Praxatiles
Sceptrum
petit
,
in
centrum
vergit
.
to
limne
an
ambitious
man
reaching
at
a
Scepter
,
and
rowling
below
his
Centre
.
Not
a
vice
either
occurrent
to
state
publique
or
priuate
,
obnoxious
to
themselues
or
others
,
but
was
expressed
in
that
flourishing
time
,
when
Rome
labored
of
her
owne
greatnesse
;
so
as
Catilines
Tombe
became
a
caution
for
aspirers
;
Seianus
a
president
for
Flatterers
;
Vitellius
an
example
for
Rioters
;
Iulian
for
apostates
and
prophaners
;
Marke
Antonie
for
adulterate
meetings
;
Caligula
for
tyrannike
designements
.
Quod
meruere
tenent
post
funera
:
their
liues
being
set
out
in
liuely
colours
,
either
in
expression
of
their
worth
,
or
the
description
of
their
illimited
gouernment
.
Many
we
reade
(
and
those
worthy
memorie
)
who
throgh
want
of
these
inscriptions
had
their
liuing
names
shut
vp
in
eternall
silence
,
as
the
Plutarch
.
in
vit
.
mothers
of
Demosthenes
,
of
Nicias
,
of
Lamachus
,
of
Phormion
,
of
Thrasibulus
,
and
of
Theramenes
which
excelled
in
modestie
,
and
well
deserued
to
be
mothers
of
such
rare
Captaines
,
eloquent
Orators
,
and
discreete
States-men
as
they
were
.
We
reade
in
Plutarch
,
how
Alcibiades
assisted
by
Nicias
,
was
to
take
his
expedition
into
Sicilie
,
the
very
same
day
of
the
celebration
of
the
feast
Adonia
,
on
which
the
custome
was
,
that
women
should
set
vp
in
diuers
parts
of
the
Citie
,
in
the
midst
of
the
streetes
,
Images
like
to
dead
coarses
,
which
they
caried
to
buriall
in
remembrance
of
the
lamentations
and
disconsolate
passions
which
Venus
expressed
for
the
death
of
her
Adonis
:
where
in
this
solemnitie
,
their
imaginarie
hearses
were
set
ful
of
Impresses
,
that
their
Funerall
might
be
with
more
state
and
magnificence
celebrated
.
But
hauing
discoursed
before
of
the
antiquitie
of
Epitaphs
,
with
their
especiall
vses
appropriate
,
as
well
to
ancient
as
following
times
,
I
will
descend
to
the
third
Definition
of
the
third
Branch
.
branch
,
which
in
my
first
diuision
I
propounded
my selfe
;
to
wit
,
Epitaphs
Prophane
,
being
such
as
haue
beene
vsed
to
anatomise
vice
satyrically
,
(
with
an
Inuection
against
the
manners
of
the
dead
:
which
seemes
different
to
the
Philosophers
instruction
,
aduising
vs
rather
to
treade
lightly
on
the
graues
of
the
dead
,
and
to
passe
ouer
their
obliquities
with
a
modest
pace
,
a
conniuing
eye
,
and
a
charitable
iudgement
;
that
our
pace
might
not
presse
them
,
our
eye
pierce
them
,
nor
our
iudgement
poyze
them
,
but
in
the
skale
of
amitie
,
with
the
eye
of
pittie
,
and
the
feete
of
lenitie
.
But
now
to
our
discourse
,
and
that
briefely
,
whereby
the
shortnesse
of
our
Volume
may
concord
with
our
intention
.
Epitaphs
of
this
sort
we
haue
too
frequent
,
being
forged
out
of
the
braine
of
vnseasoned
Satyrists
,
that
without
distinction
bend
their
wits
to
aspers●
imputation
vpon
the
deserued
memorie
of
the
dead
:
men
of
basest
nature
,
defaming
such
whose
silence
giues
them
freer
scope
and
priuiledge
of
detraction
:
impious
violaters
of
burials
,
commentors
of
imaginarie
vices
,
wrongers
of
the
dead
,
enuious
libellers
,
who
write
either
incensed
through
spleene
,
or
hired
for
price
:
drawne
on
by
others
,
or
voluntarily
moued
by
their
own
depraued
and
distempered
inclinations
;
of
which
kinde
we
may
reade
euery
Nation
(
euen
in
their
flourishingst
and
successiuest
times
)
to
haue
had
their
part
:
Athens
her
Eupolis
,
Sparta
her
Alcaeus
,
In
Cyrus
time
.
Persia
her
Aristeas
,
Rome
her
Cherilus
.
These
trode
not
with
easie
pace
on
the
graues
of
the
dead
,
but
mixing
their
inke
with
more
gall
then
discretion
,
instigated
more
by
splene
then
charitable
affection
,
ransacked
the
Sepulchers
of
their
dead
enemies
,
deblazoned
their
vices
dying
,
which
(
through
a
slauish
pusillanimitie
,
they
durst
not
vnrip
nor
discouer
liuing
;
these
remorselesse
censurers
of
Vices
,
these
corrupters
and
stamers
of
well
merited
liues
,
these
foes
to
vertue
,
and
foments
of
vice
,
were
well
set
out
by
the
Tragike
Poet
:
who
brought
in
the
Ghost
of
the
wronged
person
,
pursuing
the
detractour
and
menacing
him
with
eternall
reproach
for
his
labour
.
Yet
this
digression
may
seeme
not
so
much
impertinent
as
directly
repugnant
to
my
first
definition
of
Epitaphs
and
Epicedes
,
the
natures
of
both
which
I
haue
in
part
described
:
where
I
defined
Epitaphs
to
be
nothing
else
then
Testimonials
of
the
Vertues
or
Vices
of
the
dead
:
how
they
were
affected
,
or
what
especiall
occurrents
happened
them
in
their
life
;
it
is
true
,
but
these
Descriptions
are
to
bee
shadowed
and
suited
with
modest
allusions
,
equally
disposed
Allegories
as
their
vices
,
though
in
part
discouered
,
yet
that
discouery
so
intangled
as
may
minister
matter
of
obseruation
to
the
iudicious
,
and
leaue
the
ignorant
in
a
continuall
suspence
.
And
because
we
produced
no
authority
before
(
touching
the
difference
twixt
an
Epitaph
and
Epicede
)
wee
will
vse
Seruius
opinion
heerein
:
the
difference
is
betweene
an
Epicede
and
Epitaph
,
as
Seruius
teacheth
,
that
the
Epicede
is
before
the
corps
be
interred
,
an
Epitaph
or
inscription
vpon
the
Tombe
:
the
etymologie
of
the
word
,
{αβγδ}
—
curare
inferias
,
or
funeris
officia
peragere
.
Scaliger
in
his
authoritie
of
Poets
,
confirmes
the
deriuation
as
proper
and
genuine
to
the
nature
of
funerall
celebrities
.
This
distinction
may
(
serue
as
a
threed
to
guide
the
illiterate
Poetaster
(
who
perhaps
otherwise
would
confound
these
two
words
)
out
of
the
labyrinth
of
error
,
in
which
more
writers
now
adaies
wander
,
then
euer
in
any
time
before
.
So
that
it
may
seem
the
paradox
of
Erasmus
in
the
praise
of
folly
,
and
that
booke
which
Agrippa
writ
De
vanitate
scientiarum
,
are
subiects
onely
in
request
;
where
euery
Mauius
will
write
(
and
ofttimes
be
approued
)
aswell
as
Maro
.
Aiax
in
Euripides
said
:
{αβγδ}
,
To
know
nothing
is
the
sweetest
life
Which
sweetnes
this
age
hath
attained
,
where
it
may
be
truely
auerred
,
that
Neuer
Age
had
more
writers
,
and
fewer
Authors
:
those
onely
being
admitted
of
as
Doctorum
dicta
indoctos
doctiores
reddunt
.
Authors
,
whose
workes
merit
approbation
and
authoritie
in
themselues
:
experience
being
reduced
to
ignorance
,
and
a
desire
of
knowledge
to
a
fruitlesse
desire
of
writing
:
Littora
bobus
arant
,
&
arena
semina
mandant
.
But
I
omit
them
:
these
prophane
Epitaphs
sinisterly
aiming
at
the
detraction
of
such
who
rest
in
peace
,
as
they
are
vtterly
to
be
condemned
,
so
their
Authors
as
presidents
of
such
obliquities
should
be
seuerely
censured
,
whereby
an
example
of
punishment
in
one
might
minister
cause
of
reformation
in
all
:
yet
because
sin
should
in
some
sort
be
vnmasked
,
lest
vice
sue
out
a
priuiledge
,
and
purchase
her selfe
a
monopoly
amongst
our
world-statists
(
whose
best
of
traffique
is
to
be
the
Diuels
factors
,
whose
eminentst
degree
is
to
be
Hels
purueiors
,
and
whose
onely
office
in
request
is
to
be
Mammons
collectors
)
I
haue
instanced
diuers
Epitaphs
,
some
inuented
,
others
translated
&
traduced
from
others
,
which
with
a
tollerable
sharpnesse
,
and
a
well
tempered
bitternesse
alluding
to
the
persons
on
whose
Tombes
they
were
engrauen
,
modestly
discouer
vice
in
her
natiuest
colors
.
As
,
first
in
description
of
Auarice
,
a
vice
most
incident
to
Age
,
and
therefore
most
inherent
to
man
.
Hermon
dreaming
he
had
disbursed
money
,
died
for
woe
,
on
which
dreaming
Miser
we
reade
this
written
:
Vnder
heere
old
Hermon
lies
,
Who
sleeping
liu'd
,
and
dreaming
dies
.
And
that
of
Phedon
who
wept
not
for
that
he
should
die
,
but
that
the
charge
of
his
buriall
should
come
to
foure
shillings
.
Heere
Phedon
lies
,
who
weeps
and
cries
,
not
that
his
life
he
lost
,
But
that
the
charge
of
his
Buriall
should
full
foure
shillings
cost
.
And
that
of
Hermocrates
,
who
would
not
be
at
charge
for
a
purgation
:
and
dying
made
himselfe
sole
Executour
:
Hermocrates
that
catiffe
wretch
,
who
liuing
had
no
power
To
vse
his
owne
,
did
make
himselfe
his
sole
executour
.
And
that
of
None
,
whose
Name
and
nature
had
relation
one
to
another
,
being
only
to
himselfe
without
respect
of
publike
good
,
or
compassion
to
others
want
:
Heere
lieth
Hic
situs
est
Nullus
,
quia
Nullo
Nullior
esto
,
Et
quia
Nullus
erat
,
de
Nullo
Nil
tibi
Christe
.
None
by
name
,
by
nature
one
,
Yet
was
he
one
by
Name
,
by
nature
None
.
Something
of
Nothing
oft
the
poore
did
craue
,
Yet
could
the
poore
of
Nothing
,
nothing
haue
.
And
that
of
one
Hic
situs
est
sitiens
atque
Ebrius
Eldertonus
;
quid
dico
hic
situs
est
,
hic
potius
sitis
est
?
Elderton
,
(
an
inscription
too
bitter
)
yet
to
disauthorize
that
sin
,
(
which
like
that
powerfull
ointment
whereof
Apuleius
relates
,
amongst
the
Thessalonians
,
transforming
and
metamorphosing
men
into
bruite
beasts
)
to
wit
drunkennesse
,
whereof
he
was
taxed
,
nothing
can
be
too
vehement
or
violent
:
Camban
Romain
.
Heere
drunken
Elderton
in
earth
lies
thrust
,
Lies
thrust
(
say
I
)
or
rather
heere
lies
thirst
.
I
will
end
this
last
part
of
my
diuision
(
fearing
much
I
haue
insisted
too
long
vpon
the
preamble
,
and
incurring
the
Mindian
censure
of
making
my
gate
so
spacious
,
and
the
maine
building
so
contracted
:
)
I
will
end
(
I
say
)
with
that
vniuersall
doome
and
home
(
with
which
mortalitie
must
of
necessitie
end
)
to
wit
,
Dust
:
of
which
name
we
reade
one
to
haue
beene
,
and
ceasing
to
be
,
had
this
inscription
:
Heere
Dust
lies
dead
,
who
that
he
might
be
iust
In
Name
and
Nature
,
while
he
liu'd
lou'd
dust
,
And
being
dust
by
Nature
and
by
Name
,
Thought
to
returne
to
dust
from
whence
he
came
.
FINIS
.