AVGVSTVS
.
OR
,
AN
ESSAY
OF
THOSE
MEANES
and
Counsailes
,
by
which
the
Common-wealth
of
ROME
was
altered
and
reduced
unto
a
Monarchy
.
I.
THEY
which
have
heretofore
written
of
Common-wealths
,
have
divided
them
into
three
Species
:
The
government
of
the
King
;
secondly
,
of
the
Nobles
;
and
thirdly
of
the
People
.
Eyther
of
these
is
againe
subdivided
into
good
and
evill
:
The
evill
forme
being
onely
the
good
corrupted
;
The
good
nothing
else
,
but
the
bad
refined
.
So
is
the
government
of
a
King
,
divided
into
a
Monarchy
,
and
a
Tyranny
:
Of
the
Nobles
,
into
an
Aristocracy
,
and
an
Oligarchy
:
Of
the
People
into
a
Republicke
,
and
a
Democracy
.
All
these
,
as
well
in
generall
,
as
in
the
several
couplets
,
have
a
secret
Inclination
to
change
the
one
into
the
other
,
and
to
make
a
Pythagoricall
transmigration
(
as
it
were
)
into
each
others
being
.
I
need
not
stand
on
many
instances
.
The
Common-wealth
of
Rome
(
into
whose
stories
whosoever
looketh
,
will
judge
them
rather
to
containe
the
acts
of
the
whole
World
,
then
a
particular
Nation
)
will
serve
for
all
.
ROMVLVS
at
the
foundation
of
his
City
,
reserved
unto
himselfe
the
chiefe
Soveraignty
,
leaving
it
entire
to
his
successors
.
NVMA
,
ANCVS
,
TVLLIVS
,
TARQVINIVS
PRISCVS
,
and
SERVIVS
,
governed
themselves
so
moderately
,
the
people
so
justly
:
that
they
affected
not
Tyranny
;
nor
the
Commons
liberty
.
They
appeared
more
desirous
to
fill
the
Coffers
of
their
Subjects
,
then
their
owne
Treasuries
:
And
when
necessity
compelled
them
to
a
Taxe
;
they
rather
seemed
to
sheere
their
sheepe
,
then
fleece
them
.
II
.
BVt
SVPERBVS
,
a
man
of
insupportable
vices
,
having
by
violence
enthronized
himselfe
in
that
Chayre
of
State
,
which
had
not
his
ambitious
spirit
beene
impatient
of
delay
,
would
have
beene
his
rightfull
Inheritance
;
made
his
gouernment
answerable
to
his
entrance
,
cruell
and
bloudy
.
How
many
men
,
eminent
aswell
by
their
owne
vertue
,
as
their
Parents
Nobility
,
did
hee
cut
off
?
How
many
did
he
for
no
cause
promote
,
to
make
their
fall
the
more
remarkable
?
What
part
of
the
Senate
was
free
from
slaughter
?
What
corner
of
the
City
from
lamentations
?
Yet
this
was
not
all
.
The
miserable
Romans
were
visited
with
Three
plagues
at
once
.
Pride
in
the
Father
,
Cruelty
in
the
Mother
,
and
Lust
insatiable
in
their
sonne
SEXTVS
;
a
true
Copie
of
the
old
Originals
.
Either
of
these
had
beene
more
then
enough
,
to
exercise
the
peoples
patience
.
But
meeting
all
at
one
time
,
it
seemed
that
nothing
could
now
bee
added
to
the
wretchednesse
of
the
one
,
and
the
wickednesse
of
the
other
.
BRVTVS
,
a
man
fatall
to
Tyrants
,
did
easily
perswade
the
Commons
to
shake
off
this
yoake
.
For
they
,
aswell
desirous
of
Novelties
,
as
sensible
of
Oppressions
,
had
long
since
murmured
at
the
present
State
;
and
wanted
nothing
but
a
head
,
to
breake
into
actuall
rebellion
.
So
the
people
got
the
freedome
,
and
the
Kings
lost
the
Dominion
of
the
City
.
(
An.
V
C.
244.
)
III
.
BRVTVS
although
hee
wanted
no
faire
title
to
the
Crowne
;
yet
eyther
perceiuing
how
odious
the
name
of
King
was
growne
;
or
perhaps
willing
to
be
rather
the
first
Consull
,
then
the
last
Prince
;
instituted
a
new
forme
of
Government
.
Wherein
the
sway
of
all
,
was
referred
to
the
Fathers
of
the
City
:
Out
of
whom
two
were
annually
chosen
as
chiefe
of
the
rest
.
Herein
certainly
hee
dealt
very
advisedly
,
For
had
he
sought
to
confirme
himselfe
in
the
Kingdome
,
what
could
men
judge
,
but
that
,
not
love
to
his
Country
was
the
cause
that
stirred
him
to
take
Armes
;
but
desire
of
Rule
.
Againe
,
besides
that
secure
privacie
,
is
to
bee
preferred
before
hazardous
Royaltie
;
what
hope
had
hee
to
keepe
the
seate
long
,
having
by
his
owne
example
taught
the
people
,
both
the
Theorie
and
practise
of
Rebellion
.
Vnder
this
new
Aristocracy
the
Romā
affaires
succeeded
so
prosperously
,
their
dominions
were
inlarged
so
infinitly
:
that
it
may
well
bee
questioned
;
whether
the
Roman
fortune
caused
their
greatnes
;
or
their
valour
commanded
their
fortune
.
For
the
Governors
not
seeking
wealth
but
honour
,
or
not
their
owne
wealth
but
the
publike
;
did
so
demean
themselves
both
in
peace
and
warre
:
that
there
was
betweene
all
,
a
vertuous
emulation
;
who
should
most
benefit
his
Countrey
.
IV
.
THis
happinesse
was
too
great
to
continue
long
.
The
people
had
as
yet
no
written
Statutes
:
Custome
bearing
most
sway
;
and
the
rest
of
the
Law
,
locked
up
in
the
breast
of
the
Iudges
.
To
avoid
such
inconveniences
as
might
hence
ensue
,
there
were
some
men
,
knowne
to
be
as
sound
in
judgement
,
as
honest
in
their
actions
,
deputed
by
a
generall
Commission
to
take
an
abstract
of
the
Graecian
lawes
:
according
to
the
tenor
whereof
,
the
people
framed
their
lives
;
the
Iudges
,
their
sentences
.
Here
followed
the
Oligarchy
or
Decemvirate
State
of
Rome
;
(
An.
V
C.
304.
)
but
long
it
lasted
not
.
For
these
new
Lords
joyning
forces
together
,
made
themselves
rich
with
the
spoyle
of
the
people
:
not
caring
by
what
unlawfull
meanes
,
they
could
purchase
either
profit
or
pleasure
.
APPIVS
CLAVDIVS
,
one
of
the
Decemviri
,
was
the
breakneck
of
this
government
.
Hee
,
unmindfull
of
LVCRETIA
and
the
Tarquins
,
lusted
after
VIRGINIA
;
a
woman
though
of
lowe
Condition
,
yet
such
a
woman
,
in
whom
beauty
and
vertue
strove
for
the
preheminencie
.
She
was
,
in
an
open
assembly
to
prevent
the
dishonor
of
his
child
,
slaine
by
her
Father
:
APPIVS
forced
to
make
away
himselfe
,
in
prison
;
and
the
rest
of
that
Magistracie
abdicating
their
Offices
,
the
Consuls
were
for
a
time
restored
.
V.
THe
People
fleshed
with
this
victory
,
&
calling
to
minde
how
their
Ancestors
had
in
like
manner
banished
the
Kings
;
began
to
know
their
owne
strength
:
and
stomacked
it
exceedingly
,
that
they
on
whose
shoulders
the
frame
of
the
State
was
supported
,
should
bee
so
much
under
the
Command
of
others
;
that
they
who
were
Lords
abroad
,
should
be
below
the
condition
of
Slaves
at
home
.
Hereupon
they
raise
a
tumult
,
under
the
conduct
of
their
Tribune
,
CANVLEIVS
.
Nor
could
they
by
any
perswasions
bee
induced
to
lay
downe
Armes
,
till
they
had
obtained
a
Decree
,
That
from
thenceforth
,
the
Nobles
and
the
Commons
,
might
promiscuously
bee
married
.
And
this
was
the
first
step
to
the
Republique
.
(
An.
V
C.
308.
)
The
gaining
this
new
Priviledge
,
put
them
in
possibility
of
obtaining
greater
.
They
now
sue
to
bee
capable
of
the
Consulship
.
The
Fathers
consulting
of
this
demand
,
wisely
fore-saw
,
that
to
grant
their
Petition
,
and
to
deny
it
was
alike
dangerous
.
For
were
it
utterly
dashed
,
it
was
to
bee
feared
the
People
would
againe
forsake
the
Citty
;
and
yet
make
their
stay
more
insolent
and
insupportable
,
if
it
were
granted
.
C.
Claudius
,
one
who
by
his
honourable
behaviour
,
was
by
both
parties
had
in
an
equall
degree
of
Reverence
;
quickly
proposed
a
middle
course
;
whereby
the
fury
of
the
multitude
might
be
appeased
,
without
blemish
to
the
Consular
dignity
.
He
constituted
6.
Annuall
Officers
,
equally
chosen
out
of
the
People
,
and
the
Nobles
:
calling
them
Tribuni
Militum
Consularis
potestatis
.
(
A.
V.
C.
310
)
.
This
Office
continued
,
but
not
without
many
Interstitiúms
,
the
space
of
78.
yeares
.
Which
time
expired
,
and
some
experience
being
had
of
the
peoples
government
;
the
Lords
of
the
Senate
did
decree
,
that
one
of
the
Consuls
should
from
thenceforth
be
chosen
by
,
and
out
of
the
Commons
;
that
they
should
be
capable
of
all
Magistracies
;
yea
even
of
the
Dictatorship
.
(
An.
V.
C.
388.
)
So
that
now
vertue
was
as
speedy
a
Ladder
,
to
climbe
unto
Honours
,
as
Nobility
of
Birth
:
and
a
good
man
as
much
respected
as
a
great
.
A
rare
felicity
of
the
times
.
VI
.
THe
People
being
thus
mixt
with
the
Nobles
,
as
well
in
marriages
,
as
honours
;
one
would
have
thought
that
this
Common-wealth
,
being
thus
equally
poysed
had
been
immortall
.
But
as
in
the
naturall
body
,
there
can
be
no
exact
and
arithmeticall
proportion
of
the
humors
and
elements
,
without
some
predominancie
:
So
in
the
body
politique
,
can
there
bee
no
equall
mixture
of
Plebeians
and
Patritians
,
without
the
supremacy
of
the
one
or
the
other
.
The
people
had
presently
after
the
institution
of
the
Consuls
,
raysed
a
Commotion
;
and
withdrew
themselves
into
Mount
Aventine
.
Nor
could
they
bee
intreated
to
returne
into
the
Citty
,
till
there
were
granted
unto
them
peculiar
Officers
,
called
Tribuni
Plebis
,
or
Protectors
of
the
Commons
.
(
A.
V.
C.
260.
)
These
being
not
long
after
by
the
common
Councell
,
pronounced
to
bee
Sacrosancti
,
and
inviolable
;
began
to
heave
the
Popular
State
too
high
,
and
thrust
the
Aristocraticall
too
low
;
not
regarding
to
lose
the
love
of
the
one
,
so
they
might
get
the
applause
of
the
other
.
Insomuch
,
that
matters
of
judgement
were
devolved
from
the
Fathers
to
the
Commons
;
and
the
authority
of
the
Senate
,
trode
under
foote
by
the
People
.
Nay
they
proceeded
so
farre
,
That
MARIVS
being
Tribune
,
threatned
to
send
COTTA
the
Consull
unto
Prison
.
And
SVLPITIVS
in
the
same
Office
,
made
the
Consuls
forsake
the
Senate-house
:
and
slew
one
of
their
sonnes
,
whose
heeles
were
not
nimble
enough
,
to
flye
away
.
And
now
were
the
Romans
governed
by
that
forme
of
Rule
,
than
which
there
is
no
lower
.
So
that
as
well
by
an
inevitable
necessity
in
Nature
,
as
the
ordinary
course
of
Policies
;
there
must
be
a
Recession
to
the
first
,
and
Monarchicall
Iurisdiction
.
For
questionlesse
it
fareth
many
times
with
a
Common-wealth
,
as
with
the
Sunne
:
which
runneth
through
all
the
signes
of
the
Zodiack
,
till
it
return
to
the
place
where
its
motion
first
began
.
And
the
Platonicke
yeare
of
reducing
all
things
to
the
same
beginning
,
continuance
,
and
period
;
how
false
soever
in
the
bookes
of
Nature
,
is
in
some
sort
true
in
the
change
of
Government
.
VII
.
THe
way
downe-Hill
is
easie
and
ordinary
but
to
ascend
unto
the
top
requireth
both
wit
to
frame
steps
,
&
courage
to
give
the
attempt
.
So
was
it
here
also
with
the
Romans
.
They
had
naturally
,
&
almost
insensibly
falne
from
a
Monarchy
,
to
a
Populacy
,
or
Democracy
.
But
to
ascend
from
a
Populacy
to
a
Monarchy
,
required
many
steps
&
degrees
in
many
,
much
industry
in
al.
Marius
&
Sylla
,
well
skilled
in
feeding
the
humors
of
the
people
,
were
the
first
that
attempted
,
&
severally
mounted
to
such
a
height
of
Command
;
as
never
durst
any
promise
to
thē
,
nor
they
hope
for
themselves
.
Marius
was
of
an
harsh
&
sterne
nature
,
equally
cruel
to
the
enemies
in
war
,
&
the
people
in
peace
:
one
whose
birth
the
Rom.
might
have
had
just
cause
to
curse
,
had
hee
not
saved
thē
from
the
Cimbri
.
Sylla
was
one
whose
cariage
none
could
enogh
commend
before
,
or
sufficiently
comdemn
after
his
prosperity
.
A
man
,
whose
Peace
was
farre
more
bloudy
than
his
Warres
;
a
better
Subiect
,
than
a
Prince
.
These
two
gave
way
each
to
other
,
and
both
to
death
.
VIII
.
NExt
these
,
as
wel
in
faction
and
designes
,
as
bloud
and
alliance
,
succeeded
CAESAR
and
POMPEY
:
Two
men
never
truly
paraleld
,
since
their
owne
times
.
CAESAR
had
a
wit
to
invent
so
pregnant
,
a
heart
to
execute
so
stout
,
and
to
both
a
Fortune
so
favourable
;
that
hee
durst
undertake
what
no
man
dared
,
and
his
performances
commonly
were
answerable
to
his
undertakings
.
POMPEY
,
a
man
greater
than
his
owne
or
his
friends
wishes
;
had
triumphed
over
all
the
parts
of
the
knowne
world
:
and
could
hee
but
have
brooked
an
equall
,
hee
had
never
met
superiour
.
Had
these
two
lived
in
divers
Ages
,
or
exercised
their
valour
on
the
common
Enemy
;
the
world
had
beene
too
little
to
yeeld
them
imployment
.
But
turning
their
forces
one
against
the
other
,
POMPEY
overthrowne
in
the
Field
,
was
basely
murthered
in
Aegypt
:
and
CAESAR
victoriously
Conquerour
in
Thessalie
,
was
barbarously
massacred
in
the
Capitoll
.
And
though
none
of
these
foure
Worthies
,
could
settle
the
Monarchie
in
himselfe
;
yet
this
shall
bee
to
their
eternall
memory
recorded
,
that
they
first
opened
the
passage
to
others
,
and
first
mooved
the
stone
,
which
rowling
along
tumbled
the
People
out
of
the
Government
.
IX
.
AFter
the
overthrow
of
POMPEY
,
&
death
of
CAESAR
,
the
Commonwealth
might
have
recovered
Liberty
,
if
either
CAESAR
had
left
no
heire
,
and
POMPEY
no
Children
:
or
rather
if
ANTONIVS
,
a
man
of
an
unquiet
and
turbulent
spirit
,
had
not
begun
new
troubles
.
For
hee
,
knowing
the
affection
of
the
Common
people
unto
young
OCTAVIVS
,
CAESARS
heire
:
and
hearing
the
continuall
report
of
his
approach
to
Rome
for
his
Inheritance
;
did
by
Decree
of
Senate
restore
SEXTVS
the
sonne
of
POMPEY
to
his
blood
and
honours
.
Hoping
that
they
two
,
inheriting
their
Fathers
hatreds
,
would
like
Pellets
in
a
Boyes
Pot-gun
,
drive
out
each
other
;
and
so
he
might
remaine
Lord
of
the
whole
.
But
young
OCTAVIVS
,
was
too
old
to
be
so
fetcht
over
:
and
had
moreover
more
desire
to
revenge
his
Fathers
death
on
BRVTVS
and
CASSIVS
,
than
turne
himselfe
upon
an
enemy
,
that
neither
had
done
,
nor
could
doe
him
any
hurt
.
At
his
first
entry
into
Rome
,
hee
declared
himselfe
CAESARS
heire
;
though
some
regarding
more
his
welfare
than
his
honour
,
disswaded
him
from
it
.
His
retinue
at
his
entrance
was
but
small
,
his
behaviour
gentle
and
courteous
:
So
that
all
had
cause
to
love
him
,
none
to
feare
him
.
His
first
businesse
was
to
ANTONIVS
,
then
possessed
of
all
CAESARS
estate
.
His
words
as
modest
,
as
his
Petition
just
.
ANTONIES
answere
somewhat
churlish
,
forbidding
him
to
meddle
in
matters
of
State
,
that
hee
was
too
young
to
take
upon
him
the
Name
of
CAESAR
,
and
so
dismissed
him
unsatisfied
.
X.
AVGVSTVS
(
for
by
that
name
wee
meane
to
call
him
,
though
hee
was
not
yet
so
called
)
perceiving
that
ANTHONIES
answer
,
though
in
shew
but
a
Delay
,
was
in
effect
a
Deniall
:
insinuated
into
the
acquaintance
of
CICERO
,
then
potent
among
the
Senators
,
and
a
capitall
Enemy
of
ANTHONY
;
by
meanes
whereof
the
Lords
of
the
Senate
,
began
to
cast
great
affection
towards
him
.
Next
in
a
solemne
Oration
to
the
People
,
he
let
them
know
,
how
he
intended
to
have
distributed
his
Fathers
wealth
among
them
;
and
how
ANTONIVS
did
unjustly
detain
it
from
them
both
.
Certainly
there
is
not
any
thing
prevaileth
sooner
with
the
ignoble
men
,
than
hope
of
gaine
.
No
sooner
had
he
finished
his
speeches
,
and
given
away
that
to
them
which
hee
thought
impossible
to
get
for
himselfe
;
but
all
was
in
a
tumult
.
None
was
so
sparing
of
his
words
,
but
hee
had
some
curse
in
store
for
ANTONIVS
:
Every
one
vowing
the
destruction
of
that
man
;
whom
they
supposed
to
deprive
them
of
AVGVSTVS
Donative
.
XI
.
IN
this
hurly
burly
ANTHONY
quits
the
Towne
,
and
is
by
the
generall
voyce
of
both
houses
,
declared
an
enemy
to
the
State
.
An
army
is
given
to
HIRCIVS
&
PANSA
then
Consuls
:
AVGVSTVS
aged
but
xviij
.
yeres
,
being
proclaimed
Imperator
,
and
made
head
of
the
League
against
the
common
foe
.
AVGVSTVS
,
as
he
loved
not
to
bee
absent
from
a
necessary
warre
;
so
hee
alwayes
used
to
reserve
himselfe
from
the
dangers
of
it
:
and
therfore
he
committed
the
whole
enterprize
unto
the
Consuls
.
Well
knowing
,
that
though
the
Officers
and
soldiers
took
most
paines
to
get
the
Victory
;
yet
would
the
honor
of
it
be
referred
to
him
,
as
Imperator
.
Whereas
,
if
any
thing
fell
out
to
the
Army
,
not
well
;
his
beeing
a
Non
agent
in
the
busines
,
would
bring
his
honor
off
without
staine
.
The
Consuls
therefore
proceed
in
the
warre
against
Anthony
:
who
seeing
little
possibility
of
prevailing
,
resolved
to
sell
the
losse
of
his
own
liberty
,
and
his
soldiers
lives
at
a
deare
rate
.
And
indeed
the
fortune
of
the
day
was
so
equally
shared
,
that
as
the
Consuls
might
boast
of
the
vanquishment
of
ANTONY
;
So
ANTONY
might
triumph
in
the
death
of
the
Consuls
.
XII
.
AVGVSTVS
now
had
as
much
as
he
could
desire
,
more
,
than
hee
expected
;
a
populous
Army
at
his
service
.
He
therefore
applyes
himselfe
so
to
them
,
that
giving
that
among
them
which
he
had
in
present
,
and
promising
them
greater
favours
,
according
as
his
fortune
and
their
valour
should
advance
him
:
he
bound
thē
unto
him
in
an
eternall
bond
of
allegiance
;
and
made
them
the
first
step
by
which
he
ascended
the
Royalty
.
The
Lords
of
Rome
hearing
of
the
young
mans
fortune
,
thought
it
best
to
strangle
these
hopes
even
in
their
Cradles
:
and
to
that
end
,
Decree
the
honour
of
overcomming
ANTONY
,
not
to
belong
unto
AVGVSTVS
,
but
to
D.
BRVTVS
;
for
whose
defence
(
being
besieged
by
ANTONY
in
Mutina
)
their
Army
had
bin
levied
.
Nor
did
they
thinke
this
frost
of
unexpected
unkinknesse
,
sufficient
to
nip
the
blossome
of
his
hopes
:
but
they
denyed
him
the
Consulship
.
These
harsh
proceedings
compelled
AVGVSTVS
,
his
honour
now
lying
at
the
stake
,
to
enter
Rome
as
Conquerour
;
and
force
the
Fathers
to
grant
him
his
desires
.
Having
thus
gotten
what
for
the
time
he
aymed
at
,
he
generally
shewed
himselfe
gratefull
to
all
,
and
particularly
to
some
of
the
Souldiers
:
paying
them
what
was
behind
by
promise
;
and
openly
protesting
that
without
their
ayde
hee
durst
not
have
adventured
into
the
Capitoll
.
So
by
keeping
his
day
with
the
Military
men
;
and
shewing
his
Noble
and
generous
Nature
,
in
a
thankfull
Commemoration
of
their
service
,
hee
added
stronger
bonds
to
such
as
were
already
his
owne
;
and
won
many
dayly
to
his
side
,
which
before
were
eyther
Neutrall
,
or
Adversaries
.
XIII
.
ANTONY
in
the
meane
time
was
not
idle
;
but
knowing
that
LEPIDVS
was
beyond
the
Mountaines
with
a
puissant
Army
,
he
posted
thither
:
and
so
farre
prevailed
with
the
Soldiers
,
that
he
was
admitted
into
the
Campe
;
where
the
Generall
entertained
him
with
all
expressions
of
love
and
welcome
.
ANTONY
perceiving
the
facile
nature
of
Lepidus
,
soone
perswaded
him
to
leade
his
forces
into
Italy
:
promising
him
no
lesse
than
the
Lordship
of
the
world
,
if
he
durst
but
shew
his
face
to
the
Romans
.
Augustus
having
continual
newes
of
this
combination
,
and
fearing
much
the
prowesse
of
Antony
,
now
strengthened
;
conceived
no
cause
so
fitting
and
convenient
to
his
ends
,
as
to
joyne
friendship
,
and
to
enter
into
confederacy
with
them
.
(
A.V.
C.
710.
)
And
this
he
did
,
not
for
any
good
will
to
eyther
,
but
because
being
destitute
of
meanes
to
resist
them
,
and
also
to
revenge
the
death
of
his
Father
IVLIVS
,
which
hee
much
laboured
;
he
might
with
their
forces
oppresse
CASSIVS
and
M.
BRVTVS
and
after
as
occasion
fell
out
,
deale
with
them
beeing
severed
.
XIV
.
THis
League
was
solemnly
confirmed
by
a
bloudy
Proscription
,
immediatly
following
.
Wherin
to
be
revenged
on
their
enemies
,
they
betrayed
their
friends
.
A
lamentable
and
ruthfull
time
,
good
and
bad
,
rich
and
poore
,
being
alike
subject
to
the
slaughter
.
Now
was
the
time
of
IVLIVS
CAESARS
Government
,
thought
to
be
the
golden
age
:
and
every
one
began
to
curse
BRVTVS
and
CASSIVS
as
the
Authors
of
these
present
miseries
:
whom
they
but
lately
honoured
as
the
Restorers
of
the
Commonwealth
.
Nay
the
very
Kings
were
deemed
tolerable
;
and
such
as
lived
in
their
dayes
,
happy
.
The
poore
Romans
had
not
changed
the
Tyranny
,
but
the
Tyrants
.
Yea
they
had
three
for
one
into
the
bargaine
.
Such
is
the
quality
of
us
men
;
we
know
not
our
owne
happinesse
in
the
fruition
,
but
the
wvnt
.
Two
of
these
Triumviri
glutted
themselves
with
bloud
,
taking
pride
in
hearing
the
lamentable
cryes
and
groanes
of
the
people
.
AVGVSTVS
on
the
contrary
shewed
himselfe
much
grieved
at
this
barbarous
cruelty
:
so
that
his
consent
seemed
rather
forced
than
voluntary
.
XV
.
THis
Proscription
in
it selfe
,
though
cruell
&
tyrannicall
,
yet
produced
some
good
and
profitable
effects
in
the
Republicke
.
For
when
by
this
Proscriptioa
and
the
insuing
Civill
warre
,
the
stoutest
of
the
Nobles
and
Commons
were
made
away
;
few
beeing
left
which
durst
endeavor
to
recover
the
old
Liberty
:
AVGVSTVS
did
the
more
easily
establish
his
Monarchy
,
and
restore
peace
to
the
City
.
Moreover
the
prosecution
of
this
cruelty
so
incensed
the
people
against
Anthony
and
Lepidus
,
that
Augustus
,
whom
most
held
excusable
,
found
them
alwayes
his
fast
friends
;
if
not
for
love
to
him
,
yet
in
spight
to
them
.
I
cannot
here
omit
the
like
effect
springing
from
the
like
cause
,
in
our
Rich
.
3.
Who
(
though
far
enough
from
conceiving
any
such
happy
event
)
made
riddance
of
so
many
in
the
then
factious
families
:
that
leaving
a
Male
in
the
one
,
and
a
female
in
the
other
,
surviving
;
this
Kingdome
by
a
marriage
betweene
them
grew
well
setled
,
which
might
otherwise
have
beene
againe
indangered
by
some
new
competitors
.
So
unsearchable
are
the
judgements
of
GOD
,
and
his
wayes
past
finding
out
.
But
to
proceed
.
Antony
&
Augustus
leaving
the
guard
of
the
City
to
Lepidus
,
and
with
joynt
forces
march
against
BRVTVS
and
CASSIVS
,
both
overthrowne
by
ANTONY
:
whom
therefore
did
AVGVSTVS
put
upon
that
service
,
as
well
to
diminish
ANTONIES
forces
;
as
to
keepe
his
owne
,
entire
.
As
for
himselfe
,
eyther
he
in
policy
suffered
himselfe
to
be
driven
out
of
the
field
by
BRVTVS
,
to
make
ANTONY
more
worke
:
or
else
indeed
durst
not
abide
the
battell
.
Such
end
had
BRVTVS
and
CASSIVS
:
Two
men
,
whom
Fortune
seemed
to
be
in
love
with
on
the
suddain
,
and
did
as
suddainly
forsake
them
.
BRVTVS
the
more
accomplished
man
;
CASSIVS
the
more
expert
soldier
.
(
A.V.C.
711.
)
XVI
.
I
Passe
over
AVGVSTVS
wars
in
Italy
,
ANTONIES
in
Asia
:
the
discontents
betweene
them
,
and
their
reconciliation
by
the
meanes
of
OCTAVIA
,
Sister
to
the
one
,
and
Wife
to
the
other
Emperor
.
As
also
how
joyning
forces
together
to
oppresse
Sextus
,
then
Lording
it
over
the
Sea
,
and
proud
with
the
conquest
of
Sicilia
:
they
received
him
into
the
Confederacie
,
and
joyned
the
Island
of
Sardinia
,
to
his
other
conquests
.
To
recompence
which
kindnes
,
Sextus
invited
the
two
Generals
aboord
his
Admirall
Galley
:
and
after
a
bountifull
entertainment
,
return'd
them
safe
to
their
Campes
.
I
scarce
have
ever
heard
so
great
an
oversight
,
among
so
many
able
Politicians
.
And
much
I
marvell
with
my selfe
,
upon
what
confidence
Augustus
and
Anthony
,
durst
so
far
trust
their
persons
to
a
reconciled
Enemy
:
or
on
what
reason
Sextus
having
both
of
them
in
his
power
would
let
slip
so
slightly
that
advantage
;
greater
than
which
was
never
offered
to
a
discontented
and
ambitious
person
.
This
I
am
sure
of
,
that
he
afterward
repented
it
;
and
could
have
wished
that
hee
had
hearkened
to
the
voyce
of
MENAS
his
old
servant
;
who
had
perswaded
him
to
make
his
best
of
that
opportunity
.
The
Kings
of
France
and
Arragon
,
of
old
enemies
made
new
friends
,
had
the
like
enterview
at
Savona
:
which
that
notable
Historiographer
,
and
States-man
GVICCIARDINE
,
describeth
with
much
wonder
and
Commendation
.
Yet
in
the
like
case
,
have
many
,
and
as
I
thinke
,
worthily
,
condemned
LEWIS
the
11.
and
CHARLES
of
Burgundy
,
the
Archpoliticians
of
those
dayes
:
in
that
LEWIS
at
Peronne
,
put
himselfe
into
the
hands
of
CHARLES
his
Enemy
;
who
also
after
a
short
restraint
,
dismissed
him
.
XVII
.
THese
solemne
expressions
of
amity
betweene
the
three
Generals
,
being
thus
ended
;
and
ANTONY
gone
for
Egypt
:
AVGVSTVS
then
began
to
contrive
his
establishment
in
the
State
,
though
with
the
ruine
of
his
Colleagues
.
Hee
beginneth
first
with
SEXTVS
,
having
by
gifts
and
promises
drawne
MENAS
unto
his
side
;
who
by
reason
of
his
inwardnesse
with
his
Master
,
knew
most
of
his
designes
.
By
the
directions
of
this
MENAS
,
and
the
assistance
of
LEPIDVS
,
he
quickly
overthrew
SEXTVS
:
who
flying
death
in
Europe
,
by
the
hand
of
AVGVSTVS
:
found
it
in
Asta
,
by
the
command
of
ANTONY
.
After
this
victory
,
AVGVSTVS
eyther
having
or
pretending
a
quarrell
against
LEPIDVS
;
entreth
into
his
Campe
,
seiseth
his
person
,
and
depriving
him
of
all
honours
,
confineth
him
to
Rome
.
A
man
that
halfe
against
his
will
,
stumbling
upon
the
Government
;
had
beyond
any
desert
of
his
,
enjoyed
ten
yeares
continuance
of
Empire
and
prosperity
.
XVIII
.
AVGVSTVS
durst
not
have
beene
so
venturous
,
if
ANTONY
had
beene
in
Italy
.
He
therefore
advisedly
removed
him
out
of
his
way
,
before
he
would
attempt
this
action
.
It
hath
beene
ever
a
chiefe
Maxime
in
Court-policy
,
to
remove
that
man
out
of
the
way
,
under
pretence
of
some
honourable
charge
:
whom
we
intend
eyther
to
cast
from
his
present
honours
;
or
else
to
make
lesse
potent
with
Prince
and
People
.
For
which
cause
did
AVGVSTVS
also
perswade
ANTONIES
absence
from
the
City
;
to
bring
him
at
the
last
into
discredit
,
and
contempt
.
His
dotage
on
CLEOPATRA
,
could
not
but
draw
him
into
many
inconveniences
.
Neyther
could
his
neglecting
the
State
,
to
Ryot
with
his
Lemman
;
bee
other
than
distastfull
to
the
Lords
and
People
.
Next
,
he
commanded
his
Sister
OCTAVIA
,
to
leave
her
Husband
ANTONIES
house
,
yet
privately
hee
perswaded
her
to
live
there
still
,
&
bring
up
his
children
:
that
so
the
Romans
seeing
her
noble
demeanor
and
love
to
her
Husband
;
might
the
more
heartily
detest
him
;
who
so
ignobly
and
unkindly
had
rejected
her
.
to
adde
more
fuell
to
this
flame
of
hatred
,
he
readeth
ANTONIES
will
unto
the
people
:
in
which
many
of
the
Roman
Provinces
were
bequeathed
to
CLEOPATRAES
children
;
and
other
things
ordained
to
the
common
prejudice
.
ANTONY
likewise
preferred
many
Bils
against
Augustus
;
as
that
he
had
deposed
Lepidus
from
the
Triumvirate
;
that
he
had
divided
Italy
,
amongst
his
own
soldiers
only
;
that
he
had
not
restored
the
ships
,
borrowed
to
make
warre
against
SEXTVS
.
XIX
.
THose
discontents
seconded
with
an
ambitious
hope
of
prevailing
;
made
them
both
resolute
to
refer
all
to
the
decision
of
a
Battell
.
Antony
had
a
fleet
consisting
of
500.
Ships
,
high
built
,
and
trimmed
up
rather
for
a
Triumph
,
than
a
fight
.
His
Land
forces
consisted
of
10000.
foot
,
and
12000.
Horse
.
AVGVSTVS
had
the
like
number
of
Horsemen
,
80000.
foot
,
and
250.
good
Men
of
Warre
,
snug
and
close
,
built
more
for
use
than
ostentation
.
The
Rendesvous
is
Actium
,
a
place
seeming
to
be
marked
out
for
notable
designes
:
Here
being
fought
also
in
our
fathers
dayes
,
that
famous
battaile
;
wherein
the
Venetians
gave
the
world
to
understand
,
that
the
Turkes
forces
by
Sea
,
were
not
invincible
.
ANTONY
was
on
the
Offensive
side
,
and
therefore
much
doubted
whether
it
were
better
to
give
the
Onset
by
Sea
or
by
Land
.
CLEOPATRA
whose
words
were
Oracles
,
perswaded
him
to
the
Sea-fight
:
not
that
shee
thought
it
more
safe
,
but
that
if
ANTONY
lost
the
day
,
she
might
with
more
facility
escape
.
XX
.
TO
this
resolution
,
when
most
of
the
Captaines
had
for
feare
agreed
;
one
of
the
old
soldiers
thus
bluntly
gainsayd
it
.
What
a
miserable
security
art
thou
possessed
withall
,
most
noble
Emperor
?
Where
is
that
ancient
foresight
,
wherewith
thou
hast
formerly
prevented
all
disasters
;
and
turned
the
enemies
devises
on
their
owne
heads
?
Consider
with
thy selfe
Noble
Generall
,
what
uncertaine
friends
the
Wind
and
Sunne
are
?
To
how
fickle
an
Element
thou
dost
trust
thy
fortune
.
Let
the
Aegyptians
and
Phoenicians
old
Mermaides
,
borne
and
nurst
up
in
the
Sea
,
follow
this
kind
of
warfare
.
But
let
us
thy
true
Roman
spirits
,
try
our
valor
on
the
firme
land
;
&
there
fight
for
thy
Empire
and
our
owne
lives
.
Perhaps
thou
dost
mistrust
our
faith
.
Look
here
Antony
(
with
that
he
opened
his
bosome
)
&
thou
shalt
see
many
an
honble
.
scar
,
got
in
thy
service
.
Wee
are
now
too
old
to
learn
new
treasons
.
Alter
thy
resolution
;
&
to
please
a
woman
cast
not
away
so
many
:
certenly
,
the
powers
of
heaven
when
they
decree
a
mans
destruction
overthrow
those
Counsels
by
which
hee
should
escape
it
.
ANTONY
turneth
a
deafe
eare
to
this
Souldiers
wholsome
advice
:
and
borrowing
from
CLEOPATRA
two
or
three
kisses
,
as
if
from
the
fountaine
of
her
lips
hee
had
derived
all
his
courage
;
without
any
more
ceremony
,
prepareth
himselfe
unto
the
battaile
.
XXI
.
AVGVSTVS
on
the
other
side
,
seeing
a
necessity
of
a
Sea-fight
,
was
yet
in
this
comforted
;
that
his
Vessels
were
more
useful
and
better
manned
,
though
fewer
than
his
enemies
.
That
his
men
to
him
were
faithfull
,
and
by
reason
of
their
many
Victories
,
in
good
heart
.
But
from
ANTONY
there
daily
revolted
some
Kings
and
Captaines
of
note
,
to
the
great
encouragement
of
the
one
side
,
and
disheartning
of
the
other
.
The
whole
charge
of
the
warre
hee
committed
to
M.
VIPSANVS
AGRIPPA
,
who
failing
in
no
duty
of
a
good
Captaine
,
tooke
from
his
Galleyes
whatsoever
might
be
impediments
to
the
valiant
,
or
shelter
to
the
Cowardly
;
all
that
was
combersome
to
his
owne
men
,
or
advantagious
to
the
enemie
.
XXII
.
THings
thus
ordered
;
and
the
battaile
ready
o
joyne
,
AVGVSTVS
CAESAR
standing
where
hee
might
see
and
bee
seene
of
all
,
is
sayd
to
make
this
or
the
like
Oration
.
Fellowes
and
Companions
in
Armes
,
I
suppose
it
needlesse
,
to
hearten
you
,
which
never
were
acquainted
with
feare
;
or
bid
you
overcome
wch
never
yet
knew
what
it
was
,
not
to
vanquish
.
Conquest
hath
alwayes
sate
upon
the
edges
of
your
swords
,
and
victory
beene
written
in
your
fore-heads
.
Be
not
now
backward
to
adde
this
one
to
your
other
tryumphs
.
When
after
the
death
of
my
father
Iulius
,
of
famous
memory
,
I
first
dealt
in
matters
of
warre
;
I
rather
found
,
than
made
you
good
soldiers
.
And
during
this
twelve
yeares
service
under
me
,
neyther
have
you
beene
wanting
in
the
duty
of
faithfull
followers
;
nor
I
(
I
hope
)
of
a
vigilant
and
gratefull
Leader
.
Sure
I
am
,
I
expressed
my selfe
as
farre
as
I
could
;
and
more
I
would
,
had
I
beene
able
.
Let
not
the
number
not
the
greatnesse
of
the
adverse
Gallyes
,
any
way
affright
you
.
The
hugenesse
of
the
Bulkes
,
maketh
them
unapt
for
imployment
:
and
the
multitude
over-clogging
&
hindring
the
others
;
may
as
much
further
our
victory
as
theirs
.
They
exceed
us
in
multitudes
of
Men
;
wee
them
in
number
of
Soldiers
.
The
meaning
of
the
word
Pilot
,
is
unknowne
among
them
.
And
for
their
Mariners
,
the
best
of
them
are
but
Carters
,
Reapers
,
and
Harvestmen
,
raked
out
of
the
field
;
the
rest
the
excrement
of
common
prisons
:
wherewith
their
Vessels
are
loaded
,
not
manned
.
The
Generall
is
indeed
a
fit
Captaine
,
for
such
a
selected
company
.
It
is
the
same
ANTONIE
whom
you
once
drave
out
of
the
Field
before
Mutina
.
I
perswade
my selfe
,
that
neyther
hee
dares
thinke
of
recovering
,
or
you
of
losing
,
your
former
glories
.
It
is
the
same
Antony
who
being
shamefully
chased
out
of
Parthia
;
onely
in
that
he
was
not
vanquished
,
proclaimed
himselfe
Victor
.
It
is
the
same
ANTONY
,
who
intendeth
to
make
Rome
subject
to
the
Egyptians
;
and
to
distribute
the
Provinces
,
purchased
with
the
bloud
and
treasure
of
our
Ancestors
;
amongst
Iras
,
and
her
fellow
Chamber-maides
.
Nay
indeed
,
it
is
not
Antony
at
all
;
but
the
shadow
onely
of
that
substance
,
which
now
is
hid
in
Cleopatra's
Cabbin
.
Courage
then
brave
men
of
Armes
;
Bee
,
as
you
have
still
beene
,
Conquerors
.
To
speake
more
,
were
to
deteine
you
from
Victory
.
Onely
this
,
call
to
minde
your
ancient
valour
.
Remember
that
I
am
CAESAR
,
you
Romans
.
XXIII
.
THis
speech
animated
the
new
Soldiers
,
and
confirmed
the
old
:
So
that
with
a
generall
acclamation
,
they
give
the
assault
.
Death
,
wounds
,
and
blowes
dished
in
divers
fashions
,
and
served
in
by
severall
men
,
were
the
best
delicates
prepared
for
these
unwelcome
visitants
.
CLEOPATRA
beholding
the
battaile
,
and
doubting
the
successe
;
through
the
thickest
of
ANTHONIES
fleet
,
made
away
with
the
60.
Gallyes
appointed
for
her
Guard
.
This
disorder
made
the
breach
at
which
the
victory
entred
.
Antony
seeing
her
flight
,
left
his
squadron
also
:
and
being
taken
into
her
Galley
,
hoysed
sayle
for
Aegypt
.
Herein
playing
the
part
of
a
cowardly
Soldier
;
whilst
each
of
his
Soldiers
executed
the
Office
of
a
couragious
Generall
.
For
they
so
obstinately
persisted
in
the
fight
,
that
AVGVSTVS
was
faine
to
offer
them
mercy
sooner
than
they
would
demand
it
;
and
divers
time
,
before
they
would
accept
it
.
At
last
they
all
sware
Allegeance
unto
him
.
(
An.
V.
C.
723.
)
XXIV
.
AVGVSTVS
no
loser
of
advantages
,
speedeth
into
Egypt
,
which
he
reduceth
into
the
forme
of
a
Province
;
making
the
people
pay
for
fine
20.
Millions
of
gold
.
By
receiving
this
money
he
so
weakned
them
,
that
they
had
no
ability
to
raise
an
after
warre
;
and
by
distributing
part
of
it
among
his
soldiers
,
he
confirmed
them
in
obedience
.
As
for
ANTONY
he
seeing
his
fortunes
desperate
,
redeemed
the
honours
lost
in
his
life
,
by
a
noble
and
heroick
death
.
And
Cleopatra
ennded
her
life
,
also
not
long
after
;
a
woman
more
welfavored
than
faire
;
wel-spoken
,
rather
than
either
.
Antonies
Courtiers
had
seene
many
Ladies
more
lovely
,
none
more
prevailing
;
men
being
cheyned
to
her
by
the
eares
,
rather
then
the
eyes
.
XXV
.
I
Willingly
omit
AVGVSTVS
entry
into
Rome
;
as
also
the
state
and
Magnificence
of
his
Triumph
.
His
victory
he
used
so
justly
,
that
none
felt
the
fury
of
the
warre
,
but
such
as
were
slaine
in
the
Battaile
.
To
assure
himselfe
of
Antonies
adherents
,
was
his
first
care
:
burning
in
the
Common-Forum
,
the
Coffers
of
ANTONIE
,
unopened
;
wherein
all
his
Letters
from
his
friends
in
Rome
,
had
beene
inclosed
.
Well
knowing
that
as
long
as
any
thought
themselves
suspected
adversaries
,
they
would
neuer
shew
themselves
true
friends
.
To
the
Senators
and
Magistrates
,
he
made
sumptuous
feasts
.
To
the
Common-people
,
hee
exhibited
magnificent
and
pleasing
stage-playes
:
and
with
all
varietie
of
pleasure
banished
from
both
,
aswell
sorrow
for
the
old
Proscription
,
as
feare
of
a
new
.
XXVI
.
THere
were
two
men
most
deare
unto
him
,
and
privy
to
his
Counsels
;
MECENAS
and
AGRIPPA
:
which
in
the
object
of
their
love
differed
onely
in
this
;
Mecenas
was
a
lover
of
AVGVSTVS
;
Agrippa
of
the
Emperor
.
Mecenas
was
of
the
ranke
of
Knights
,
a
man
of
good
and
bad
parts
equally
compounded
.
When
his
businesse
required
care
,
vigilant
and
circumspect
;
at
leisure
times
,
excessively
vertuous
.
Agrippa
was
the
first
of
his
house
,
a
man
alike
fit
for
Campe
and
Counsell
;
one
neither
carelesse
of
a
good
name
,
nor
covetous
of
a
great
.
For
although
hee
onely
was
the
man
,
which
vanquished
Sextus
and
Antony
:
yet
well
skilled
in
the
humours
of
Princes
,
he
gave
AVGVSTVS
the
honor
of
all
his
Conquests
;
making
the
vertue
;
not
the
reward
,
the
end
of
his
actions
.
So
by
doing
nobly
,
and
speaking
modestly
of
it
,
he
was
without
envy
,
but
not
without
glory
.
XXVII
.
WIth
these
two
AVGVSTVS
withdrew
into
a
private
Closet
,
and
then
brake
unto
them
in
this
sort
.
Hee
made
first
unto
thē
a
long
discourse
of
the
Civill
warres
.
Then
added
,
That
having
by
his
owne
fortune
,
and
the
valor
of
his
soldiers
,
put
an
end
to
the
troubles
,
he
was
unresolved
what
to
doe
;
Whether
to
resigne
the
Empire
,
to
the
〈…〉
retaine
it
still
in
his
owne
owne
hands
.
That
in
a
businesse
of
such
importance
,
he
durst
not
relye
altogether
on
his
owne
wisedome
.
That
hee
had
made
them
his
judges
,
as
men
that
could
speake
soundly
,
and
durst
speake
freely
:
That
he
knew
thē
to
haue
more
care
of
his
honour
,
than
profit
;
but
of
the
Common-wealth
,
more
than
both
:
That
his
Counsels
,
which
course
soever
he
tooke
,
would
not
bee
by
them
eliminated
.
Hee
therefore
intreated
them
to
consider
what
was
to
be
done
,
and
to
give
up
their
verdicts
.
XXVIII
.
AGRIPPA
after
a
short
silence
thus
began
.
I
know
thou
canst
not
but
marvell
,
O
CAESAR
,
that
I
,
who
under
thine
Empire
,
am
sure
to
be
beyond
precedent
exalted
;
should
perswade
thee
to
live
private
.
I
esteeme
more
thy
honor
,
than
my
profit
;
the
publique
good
,
then
my
particular
preferment
.
And
yet
perhaps
my
Counsell
shall
be
as
profitable
,
if
not
applausible
as
the
contrary
.
I
know
thee
to
be
no
way
delighted
with
lyes
&
flattery
;
and
will
therefore
deale
with
thee
freely
and
plainly
.
Thou
hast
indeed
put
a
period
to
the
Civill
warres
;
but
to
what
end
,
unlesse
thou
dost
restore
unto
the
Common-wealth
the
liberty
for
which
the
wars
were
raised
?
What
benefit
can
the
people
reape
from
thy
Victory
,
if
thou
dost
use
it
only
as
an
instrument
for
their
greater
bondage
?
Dost
thou
think
that
the
Romans
having
so
many
hundred
yeares
maintained
their
liberty
;
will
now
be
willing
to
foregoe
it
?
No
CAESAR
,
no
.
Flatter
not
thy selfe
with
these
hopes
.
Marius
the
younger
,
and
Sertorius
,
were
quickly
cut
off
when
their
ends
were
once
knowne
;
and
IVLIVS
thy
Father
of
happy
Memory
,
did
not
long
live
,
after
his
actions
seemed
to
bring
the
Common-liberty
in
hazard
.
And
shall
we
think
that
there
is
no
true
Roman
spirit
surviving
;
No
BRVTVS
living
,
to
attempt
the
like
against
thee
?
Believe
mee
CAESAR
,
believe
me
,
it
is
far
better
not
to
meddle
with
the
Empire
at
all
;
than
to
bee
forced
to
abandon
it
.
But
say
,
Divine
Providence
will
so
protect
thee
,
that
thou
mayst
out-live
such
practices
;
&
shalt
thou
also
not
out-live
thy
glories
?
This
present
age
perchance
will
not
censure
their
actions
,
because
it
dares
not
.
But
Posterity
free
from
all
respects
of
love
or
hatred
,
cannot
but
call
them
into
question
;
and
brand
thy
enterprise
with
ambition
,
and
perhaps
Tyranny
.
If
thy
designes
prosper
,
they
will
judge
thee
to
have
risen
unjustly
;
if
otherwise
,
to
have
falne
deservedly
.
How
much
better
then
were
it
,
now
when
thine
honour
is
without
blemish
,
and
thy
reputation
unstained
;
to
resigne
thy
authority
?
Inded
when
SEXTVS
lorded
it
over
the
Sea
,
and
ANTONY
over
Aegypt
;
it
might
have
been
thought
want
of
spirit
,
to
have
deposed
thy selfe
from
the
Government
.
But
now
to
doe
it
,
when
thou
art
without
Rivall
,
in
thy
Empire
;
now
,
when
thou
art
sole
Commander
of
the
worlds
forces
;
now
when
the
People
and
Senate
,
lye
prostrate
at
the
feet
of
thy
mercy
;
were
to
strike
dumbe
detraction
,
and
to
make
the
world
admire
thy
Temper
.
Thou
art
at
this
present
the
joy
and
comfort
of
the
world
;
there
is
wanting
to
thee
neyther
wealth
nor
fame
.
Heere
then
fix
thy
foot
.
For
go
but
one
step
beyond
this
Non
ultra
,
and
thou
wilt
run
into
a
boundlesse
Ocean
of
perils
,
which
have
no
end
,
but
the
lend
of
thy
life
and
reputation
.
XXIX
.
NOt
so
,
excellent
AGRIPPA
,
replyed
MECENAS
.
I
never
hard
good
Pilot
finde
fault
with
Sea-roome
;
or
of
more
Vessels
cast
away
in
the
Ocean
,
than
in
the
Streights
and
narrow
passages
.
Our
Republicke
is
a
Ship
,
fraught
with
divers
Nations
:
Shee
hath
beene
long
tost
on
the
Waves
of
Civill
dissentions
,
long
driven
up
and
downe
with
the
Wind
of
ambition
:
and
there
is
now
no
place
so
fit
for
her
safety
,
as
the
unlimited
Ocean
of
one
mans
power
.
This
Empire
at
first
rising
,
seemed
not
to
require
a
Monarch
;
but
it
is
now
grown
too
unweedly
,
to
be
without
one
.
Take
then
upon
thee
,
O
CAESAR
;
this
Empire
;
or
to
say
better
,
doe
not
forsake
it
.
I
should
never
thus
advise
thee
,
did
I
conceive
any
possible
inconveniences
.
The
Senate
doth
allow
thee
a
competent
guard
of
valiant
and
faithfull
soldiers
;
whom
then
shouldest
thou
feare
?
Nay
ill
may
I
prosper
,
if
I
see
any
cause
of
feare
,
were
thy
Guard
cashiered
.
Enemies
thou
hast
none
.
For
such
as
were
,
are
either
already
slaine
by
thy
valor
,
or
made
fast
friends
by
thy
bounty
and
clemency
.
To
omit
Marius
and
Sertorius
,
I
will
a
litle
touch
at
thy
Father
Iulius
.
He
too
good
a
soldier
to
be
a
Statist
,
was
too
heady
and
violent
in
establishing
his
government
.
Nor
could
he
cunningly
temporize
,
and
suffer
the
people
insensibly
,
and
by
degrees
,
to
drop
into
bondage
;
but
oppressed
thē
all
at
once
.
Againe
he
committed
a
great
Solecisme
in
State
,
when
discharging
his
Guard
,
he
sought
to
retain
that
Emp.
by
faire
means
,
wch
he
had
gotten
by
violence
.
I
know
thee
O
Caesar
,
to
be
of
a
more
wary
and
cunning
behaviour
.
Learn
also
to
worke
out
thine
owne
safety
,
by
POMPEYS
misfortunes
.
Hee
after
the
finishing
of
the
Ponticke
warre
,
at
Brundusium
,
disbanded
his
Army
:
and
thereby
merited
to
bee
accounted
an
honest
and
moderate
man
.
Certainly
;
he
shewed
himselfe
in
the
course
of
this
action
,
rather
vertuous
than
fortunate
and
politicke
.
For
presently
he
began
to
be
contemned
,
and
by
this
improvident
weakning
of
himselfe
,
made
an
open
passage
to
his
owne
ruine
.
I
commend
his
modesty
more
than
his
braine
;
Neyther
did
hee
himselfe
on
better
considerations
,
approve
his
owne
doings
;
and
therefore
hee
resolved
,
had
he
beene
Victor
in
Pharsalia
,
never
to
have
committed
the
like
Oversight
.
So
is
it
,
and
so
will
fall
out
with
thee
,
O
CAESAR
,
if
in
this
action
thou
propose
him
to
be
thy
Patterne
.
It
is
not
safe
AGRIPPA
saith
,
to
take
the
Empire
:
lesse
safe
is
it
to
refuse
it
.
A
setled
&
innative
vice
it
is
in
man
,
never
to
endure
that
any
man
above
our
owne
rancke
,
should
overtop
us
.
Romes
second
founder
Camillus
;
Scipio
,
that
scourge
of
Carthage
,
were
disgraced
;
and
M.
Coriolanus
banished
by
our
Ancestors
:
only
because
their
worth
had
lifted
them
above
the
ordinary
pitch
of
subjects
.
Doe
not
thou
hope
to
fare
better
than
thy
Predecessors
.
Heretofore
perchance
,
thou
mightest
have
sought
the
Empire
,
to
satisfie
thy
ambition
.
The
Empire
must
now
be
thy
refuge
and
Asylum
.
Credit
me
,
the
Lords
of
the
Senate
,
after
so
many
yeares
obedience
,
know
not
how
to
governe
:
neither
canst
thou
,
having
so
long
beene
a
Governor
,
learne
Obedience
.
Truth
is
in
matters
of
domesticall
businesse
,
a
man
may
stop
and
desist
where
he
will
.
But
in
the
getting
of
an
Empire
,
there
is
no
meane
between
the
death
of
an
Enemy
,
and
the
life
of
a
Prince
.
Thou
hast
already
gone
too
farre
to
retire
.
Now
thou
must
resolve
to
be
CAESAR
or
nothing
.
To
say
more
were
superfluous
.
Thine
owne
discretion
will
suggest
unto
thee
,
better
Arguments
.
Onely
this
,
I
know
that
thou
hast
in
thee
too
much
Iulius
,
not
to
governe
.
XXX
.
AVGVSTVS
,
seemed
to
incline
to
this
latter
opinion
;
whether
moved
with
MECENAS
Oration
,
especially
his
instance
in
POMPEY
;
or
that
he
was
before
resolved
to
follow
that
course
,
is
uncertaine
.
Howsoever
,
seeming
with
great
attention
to
observe
their
speeches
,
and
gathering
their
severall
reasons
and
motives
together
,
he
made
this
Reply
.
A
most
hard
thing
it
is
,
for
a
divided
minde
,
to
make
a
well-joyn'd
answer
.
Divided
I
am
,
and
troubled
between
your
two
opinions
;
loath
to
follow
eyther
,
sithence
in
so
doing
I
must
offend
one
.
Yet
sithence
there
is
a
necessity
of
Resolution
;
I
intend
,
though
I
like
well
of
thine
advice
,
AGRIPPA
;
to
follow
thine
MECENAS
.
In
doing
which
,
I
am
but
an
instrument
of
the
Destinies
,
to
put
their
will
in
execution
.
Often
have
I
heard
my
Father
OCTAVIVS
report
,
how
Nigidius
,
famous
for
his
skill
in
Iudiciary
Astrologie
,
told
him
once
in
open
Senate
,
That
he
had
gotten
an
Emperor
for
the
Romans
.
As
also
,
how
M.
Cicero
,
so
renowned
for
wit
and
eloquence
,
dreamed
that
he
saw
Iupiter
place
me
on
the
top
of
the
Capitoll
,
with
a
Whip
in
mine
hand
.
Certainly
,
if
the
powers
of
Heaven
promise
me
so
great
an
Empire
;
I
will
not
bee
wanting
to
my selfe
:
but
will
adde
by
my
wisdome
,
to
their
influence
.
To
further
my
designes
,
I
doe
desire
you
;
nay
I
conjure
you
both
:
that
as
you
have
been
ever
ready
in
your
Counsels
;
so
you
would
not
now
be
backward
,
in
any
necessary
assistance
.
This
said
,
they
presently
enter
into
a
new
conference
,
how
to
manage
a
businesse
of
this
weight
;
what
Senators
to
acquaint
with
their
intent
;
how
to
dispose
of
the
Army
,
not
yet
cashiered
;
with
what
Plummet
were
best
to
sound
the
minds
of
the
common
people
.
XXXI
.
THis
Consultation
ended
,
AVGVSTVS
continued
his
affability
to
the
People
,
and
respect
to
the
Nobles
.
An
opportunity
he
had
to
expresse
himselfe
to
both
.
There
was
at
that
time
a
Famine
,
which
shrewdly
raged
among
the
Commons
.
To
the
poorer
sort
,
hee
distributed
Corne
,
Gratis
;
to
others
,
at
a
meane
price
.
Riches
and
honours
he
communicated
to
both
sorts
;
the
better
to
wipe
out
of
their
memories
,
the
ancient
freedome
.
Such
parts
of
the
Citty
,
as
were
destroyed
by
casualty
of
fire
,
ruined
by
length
of
time
,
or
defaced
during
the
Civill-warres
;
he
re-edified
.
Houses
of
Common-assemblies
he
repaired
;
Temples
consecrated
to
the
Gods
,
hee
spared
no
cost
,
to
adorne
and
beautifie
.
And
finally
so
freely
diffused
his
bounty
,
that
there
was
no
part
or
member
of
the
Citty
,
which
had
not
some
taste
of
it
.
Next
,
he
dismissed
his
soldiers
,
assigning
them
Lands
and
habitations
in
divers
parts
of
Italy
.
That
so
the
Lords
of
the
State
,
might
conceive
his
Resignation
to
be
reall
;
and
yet
if
need
were
,
his
forces
might
bee
quickly
reassembled
.
Nor
were
AGRIPPA
and
MECENAS
wanting
for
their
parts
,
to
promote
the
cause
:
but
carefully
acquainted
some
of
the
Senate
with
it
,
who
stood
well
affected
to
them
;
and
cunningly
prepared
others
.
XXXII
.
THe
foundation
thus
layd
,
and
the
Senate
sate
,
AVGVSTVS
rose
from
his
seat
,
and
spake
to
this
or
the
like
effect
.
When
I
consider
,
with
my selfe
,
the
infinite
extent
of
the
Roman
Empire
;
I
protest
I
stand
at
amaze
:
Marvailing
how
such
,
as
heretofore
have
raysed
combustions
in
State
,
durst
undertake
the
sole
administration
of
it
.
What
Nation
in
the
world
,
hath
not
eyther
begged
their
Peace
at
our
Gates
;
or
felt
the
fury
of
our
wars
at
their
owne
?
What
Countries
have
not
wee
h●rried
with
fire
and
sword
,
making
the
rising
and
setting
of
the
Sun
,
the
bounds
of
our
Dominions
.
It
must
questionlesse
proceed
from
an
overweaning
conceit
in
thē
,
of
their
owne
abilities
;
who
thought
themselves
so
fit
to
undergoe
that
burden
,
which
none
but
the
immortall
Gods
can
carry
.
Of
my selfe
I
will
not
say
much
.
Onely
I
am
not
inferiour
to
Cinna
,
nor
it
may
be
,
to
Sylla
.
Yet
have
I
found
in
my selfe
,
by
late
experience
,
how
unable
I
was
to
manage
the
affaires
of
State
;
even
then
when
I
had
two
Coadjutors
.
There
is
no
Atlas
of
strength
sufficient
to
beare
up
this
Heaven
:
No
Starre
of
influence
sufficient
to
animate
this
Spheare
;
No
one
forme
of
vertue
sufficient
to
actuate
this
matter
.
Neyther
indeed
is
it
fit
,
that
the
Republique
wch
ought
to
be
immortall
,
should
depend
only
on
the
life
and
well-fare
of
one
man
.
There
never
was
,
since
the
beginning
of
time
,
a
City
replenished
with
greater
store
of
worrhy
and
able
men
;
eyther
to
consult
or
execute
.
Never
was
there
seene
so
grave
and
discreet
a
Consistory
.
Never
so
many
of
both
sorts
,
so
fit
to
governe
.
I
have
by
your
Directions
,
and
the
valor
of
your
soldiers
,
put
an
end
to
al
homebred
quarrels
.
I
have
beene
your
instrument
,
to
reduce
peace
internall
and
externall
,
to
your
City
:
and
desire
now
no
other
Guerdon
or
recompence
for
any
former
services
,
than
a
quiet
and
a
private
life
;
free
from
all
such
dangers
and
inconveniences
,
as
are
inseparably
annexed
to
the
Principalitie
.
Now
therefore
,
and
may
my
action
bee
auspitious
and
fortunate
to
my
Country
,
doe
I
resigne
my
authority
:
committing
my selfe
,
and
the
Commonwealth
,
into
the
hands
of
the
Senate
and
people
of
Rome
.
XXXIII
.
THis
Oration
ended
,
there
followed
a
soft
and
silent
buzzing
in
the
house
.
Some
supposed
this
speech
,
not
to
have
so
much
truth
,
as
art
and
cunning
,
yet
smothered
their
conceits
,
for
feare
of
after-claps
.
Others
were
Creatures
of
his
owne
making
,
and
they
hoping
to
rise
in
the
fall
of
theyr
Country
,
would
not
heare
of
a
Resignation
.
Some
few
of
the
wiser
sort
,
thought
it
not
expedient
,
to
put
the
Reines
againe
into
the
hands
of
the
Multitude
.
The
rest
out
of
a
sluggish
and
phlegmatique
Constitution
,
chose
rather
the
present
estate
with
security
;
than
to
strive
to
recover
the
old
,
with
danger
.
All
therfore
with
a
joynt
consent
proclaime
him
sole
Emperor
:
and
solemnely
intreat
him
to
save
the
Commonwealth
,
otherwise
running
to
inevitable
ruine
.
He
for
a
while
,
as
vainely
denyed
to
accept
the
Government
,
as
they
vainely
persisted
to
desire
him
.
At
last
,
wearied
with
the
clamours
of
all
in
generall
;
and
importance
of
some
in
particular
;
he
by
little
and
little
yeelded
to
their
requests
,
taking
upon
him
the
Empire
for
ten
yeares
,
with
this
Proviso
,
that
if
before
that
time
expired
,
hee
could
fully
settle
&
order
the
present
State
,
hee
would
give
up
his
charge
.
(
An.
V.C.
725.
)
This
hee
gave
out
,
not
with
a
purpose
of
performance
.
(
For
at
the
end
of
every
Decennium
hee
renewed
his
lease
of
the
Regiment
:
)
But
that
the
people
seeing
a
nigh
possibility
of
regaining
their
Liberties
,
might
not
practice
against
him
.
Whereas
,
had
hee
for
tearme
of
life
,
received
the
supreame
authoritie
;
hee
had
no
doubt
hastened
his
owne
overthrow
.
XXXIV
.
NOt
the
title
of
Dictator
,
but
the
Epithite
,
Perpetuall
;
was
the
destruction
of
CAESAR
;
Yet
also
great
respect
was
to
be
had
in
the
choyce
of
the
title
.
The
name
of
King
he
refused
,
as
beeing
odious
to
the
Citizens
.
Neyther
would
he
be
called
Romulus
,
though
he
much
desired
it
;
lest
they
should
suppose
that
he
did
affect
the
Tyranny
.
When
the
people
called
him
Dictator
,
he
rent
his
Garments
,
desiring
them
to
discharge
him
of
a
name
so
hated
:
and
being
once
called
Lord
,
(
Dominus
)
hee
forbad
also
that
title
by
publique
Edict
.
Princeps
Senatus
was
the
onely
title
he
admitted
.
Well
knowing
,
that
the
like
glorious
attributes
were
heaped
on
his
Father
IVLIVS
,
by
them
which
least
loved
him
;
onely
to
this
end
,
that
growing
more
and
more
into
hatred
,
hee
might
the
sooner
bee
dispatched
.
Nor
was
he
ignorant
,
that
the
Common-people
led
more
by
appearances
,
than
truth
;
discernd
names
more
plainly
than
executions
:
and
that
the
onely
course
to
make
greatnesse
stand
firmely
,
was
to
receive
extraordinary
Iurisdiction
,
under
a
Title
not
offensive
.
The
name
also
of
AVGVSTVS
,
put
upon
him
by
the
Senate
,
as
if
there
had
beene
something
in
him
more
than
mortall
,
he
denyed
not
:
as
a
title
expressing
more
dignity
and
reverence
,
than
authority
.
XXXV
.
When
first
at
the
hands
of
the
Lords
of
the
Senate
,
he
had
for
10.
yeares
received
the
Government
;
there
was
appointed
unto
him
two
Cohorts
of
Praetorian
Soldiers
,
for
the
guard
of
his
person
;
to
whom
the
Senate
allowed
the
double
wages
of
a
Legionary
souldier
,
to
make
them
the
more
vigilant
and
heedfull
in
their
charge
.
Over
these
,
he
appointed
two
Prefects
or
Governors
,
(
Captaines
of
the
Guard
wee
may
best
tearme
them
.
)
To
commit
the
charge
to
one
onely
,
might
breed
danger
;
to
more
,
confusion
.
Agrippina
,
to
settle
Nero
in
the
Empire
,
prevailed
with
Claudius
,
to
muke
Burrus
,
whom
she
had
at
her
devotions
,
the
sole
Captain
:
and
Nimphidius
,
falne
from
his
hopes
of
setting
Galba
besides
the
quishion
;
desired
the
command
of
the
Gard
as
the
next
step
to
the
Soveraignty
.
In
choice
of
these
Captaines
,
he
observed
two
Rules
.
First
,
he
ever
chose
them
,
Ex
ordine
Equestri
,
not
Senatorio
;
lest
that
so
high
a
dignity
,
joyned
to
so
high
a
Birth
,
might
startle
their
resolutions
to
some
designes
against
his
quiet
.
Secondly
,
he
made
choice
of
two
such
,
which
were
of
contrary
humors
,
and
somewhat
at
oddes
:
That
so
the
ill
intents
of
one
(
if
they
should
harbour
any
)
might
be
thwarted
and
revealed
by
the
other
;
and
both
in
a
noble
emulation
should
contend
,
to
be
most
forward
in
his
service
.
The
next
course
wch
he
took
for
his
owne
security
,
was
a
law
he
made
to
curbe
the
very
wills
and
attempts
of
the
great
ones
.
For
whereas
it
had
beene
formerly
unlawfull
,
to
question
a
Bondman
,
in
matters
concerning
the
life
and
death
of
his
Lord
:
AVGVSTVS
passed
an
Act
,
that
all
such
Bondmen
should
bee
first
sold
to
him
,
or
the
Common-wealth
.
By
meanes
wherof
he
kept
the
Lords
,
before
presuming
on
the
secrecie
of
their
Slaves
;
from
all
close
and
private
Conspiracies
against
him
.
XXXVI
.
HAving
thus
strengthened
his
person
,
he
assumed
to
himselfe
the
Imperiall
,
Censoriall
,
and
Tribunitian
authority
together
with
the
Sacerdot
all
dignity
.
As
Emperor
and
Generall
of
the
men
of
Warre
,
hee
could
presse
Soldiers
,
raise
Taxes
,
proclaime
wars
,
make
peace
;
yea
and
put
to
death
the
very
best
and
stoutest
of
the
Senators
:
as
Censor
,
it
was
in
his
power
,
to
reforme
corrupt
manners
,
inquire
after
mens
carriage
,
to
take
in
and
put
out
of
the
Senate
,
whom
he
listed
;
to
place
and
displace
the
people
from
an
honorable
tribe
to
a
lesse
honorable
.
Yet
would
he
not
be
called
Censor
,
as
a
name
too
inferiour
:
but
accepted
the
Prerogative
.
After
the
surrendry
of
MANVTIVS
and
his
associate
;
two
men
so
unfit
for
that
Magistracie
,
that
they
could
object
no
crime
to
old
or
young
,
of
which
themselves
were
not
gilty
.
The
Tribunitian
authority
,
enabled
hinder
any
thing
attempted
against
his
liking
:
It
preserved
his
person
from
all
contumely
and
injury
;
Giving
him
leave
to
punish
as
an
execrable
person
,
yea
and
without
any
formality
of
law
;
whosoever
had
offended
him
eyther
in
word
or
deed
.
As
for
the
Pontificiall
Dignity
,
it
made
him
a
little
more
reverenced
,
not
more
potent
.
Onely
it
added
to
his
title
,
the
stile
of
Pontifex
Maximus
;
or
Chiefe
Bishop
;
and
made
him
of
authority
amongst
the
Priests
,
and
in
sacred
matters
,
things
that
concerned
Religion
.
The
light
of
Reason
taught
him
,
that
it
was
convenient
for
him
,
beeing
a
Prince
,
to
have
command
on
all
his
people
.
He
had
beene
else
but
halfe
a
Monarch
.
Such
as
some
Princes
are
with
us
,
who
quit
their
Clergy
to
be
governed
by
a
forreigne
head
.
These
severall
Prerogatives
annexed
together
,
seemed
not
yet
sufficient
:
and
therefore
he
so
cunningly
dealt
with
the
Senators
that
they
gave
him
a
generall
Exemption
from
the
Coactive
power
of
the
law
.
Which
once
effected
,
he
seriously
and
totally
bendeth
his
Studies
to
settle
the
Commonwealth
.
XXXVII
.
TO
what
Republique
hee
should
conforme
the
Roman
,
was
his
next
care
.
The
forme
described
by
Plato
,
rather
sheweth
how
a
Citty
ought
to
be
,
than
how
it
may
bee
governed
.
Aristotle
bred
in
the
free
State
of
Greece
,
was
no
friend
to
Monarchies
:
and
therefore
no
fit
Instructer
.
Solon
afforded
the
people
,
too
much
authority
,
the
Nobles
,
too
little
;
the
King
,
none
.
The
old
Carthaginian
Legislator
attributed
too
much
to
Riches
;
too
little
to
vertue
.
The
Pensian
Law-makers
allotted
to
the
King
too
much
,
and
nothing
to
the
Subiects
,
Zaleuchus
was
rather
an
Author
of
some
particular
Lawes
,
than
the
framer
of
a
Republique
:
Phalaeus
and
Hippodamus
was
as
unimitable
as
Plato
.
Lacedaemon
onely
,
and
her
Lycurgus
,
were
found
fittest
for
his
purpose
.
For
LYCVRGVS
a
man
of
a
deepe
reach
;
and
brought
up
under
the
most
able
Politicians
of
all
Crete
,
well
understanding
that
the
unmixt
forme
of
Rule
was
mutable
,
and
by
consequence
pernicious
:
framed
his
Spartan
Commonwealth
;
out
of
the
perfections
of
the
three
good
formes
:
their
imperfections
rejected
.
Reserving
to
the
King
,
absolute
Majesty
;
to
the
Nobles
,
convenient
authority
;
to
the
People
entire
Liberty
;
all
in
a
just
and
equall
proportion
.
AVOVSTVS
as
hee
neglected
the
peculiar
Customes
of
that
State
,
Community
of
Women
,
Equality
of
Possessions
,
and
the
like
;
So
in
the
maine
Platforme
,
hee
was
a
diligent
follower
of
his
Constitutions
.
So
mixing
the
Soveraignty
of
one
,
with
the
Liberty
of
all
;
that
both
the
Lords
and
people
without
feare
of
bondage
or
sedition
,
enjoyed
their
hereditary
freedome
.
The
Consuls
and
Nobles
of
the
Citty
assembled
,
as
formerly
they
used
;
Matters
of
State
,
they
handled
by
themselves
:
Ambassadors
of
forreine
Nations
,
they
heard
and
dispatched
.
The
Commons
assembled
in
the
Comitia
,
to
enact
Lawes
,
and
elect
Magistrates
;
as
in
the
free
Common-wealth
.
Yet
so
that
nothing
was
done
without
the
consent
and
privity
of
the
Prince
;
who
for
the
most
part
,
nominated
the
successive
Magistrate
:
leaving
the
confirmation
of
him
to
that
people
.
So
that
the
change
,
as
hee
contrived
it
,
was
not
violent
and
at
once
,
but
by
degrees
,
and
by
the
silent
approbation
of
both
the
Estates
:
as
seeming
to
consist
more
in
the
alteration
of
the
Magistrate
,
than
of
the
Lawes
.
XXXVIII
.
BVt
to
proceed
particularly
:
the
first
care
he
tooke
,
was
to
confirme
Religion
in
the
same
state
he
found
it
.
I
meane
Religion
as
the
Romans
used
the
word
,
for
those
particular
though
idolatrous
formes
of
Worship
;
which
to
their
severall
GODS
had
beene
used
among
them
.
This
,
though
hee
might
have
changed
,
as
the
Pontifex
Maximus
,
or
chiefe
Bishop
of
the
Citty
;
yet
very
wisely
he
forbare
it
;
It
is
not
safe
for
Princes
that
are
setled
in
a
long
descent
of
Government
,
to
be
too
active
in
such
changes
;
But
it
is
dangerous
to
attempt
it
in
a
Greene
State
,
and
in
an
Empire
not
well
quieted
,
&
inured
to
bondage
:
Men
are
more
sensible
of
the
smallest
mutations
in
the
Church
,
than
greater
changes
in
the
State
,
and
rayse
more
frequent
troubles
about
it
.
The
Romans
specially
were
exceeding
tender
in
this
point
.
The
ancient
Aediles
formerly
received
it
into
their
charge
,
that
they
permitted
no
externall
,
eyther
Gods
or
Ceremonies
,
to
bee
introduced
into
the
City
.
And
by
AEMILIVS
it
was
enacted
for
a
Law
,
That
none
should
offer
sacrifice
in
any
publike
place
,
after
a
new
and
forraine
fashion
.
Excellent
therefore
was
the
counsell
that
MECEnas
gave
him
,
when
hee
first
undertooke
the
Empire
.
That
hee
should
follow
constantly
the
Religion
,
which
he
found
established
,
and
compell
others
also
to
doe
the
like
:
For
forreigne
and
strange
rites
(
sayth
he
)
will
offend
the
people
,
worke
many
inconvenient
alterations
in
the
State
,
yea
and
most
likely
will
occasion
many
both
seditions
and
conspiracies
:
Words
which
he
spake
not
to
the
ayre
,
but
to
a
Prince
exceeding
apprehensive
of
the
best
advice
;
Nor
did
AVGVSTVS
ever
shew
himselfe
more
carefull
in
any
one
Arca
of
the
Empire
;
than
in
this
.
That
which
MECENAS
noted
,
we
find
true
in
these
later
Ages
,
in
times
more
skilfull
of
obedience
,
than
the
most
quiet
houre
of
AVGVSTVS
Gouernment
.
No
one
thing
more
hath
caused
so
frequent
,
and
so
generall
Rebellions
in
the
States
of
Christendome
,
than
alterations
of
this
Nature
;
I
cannot
therefore
but
commend
it
,
as
a
pious
Resolution
,
in
a
late
mighty
Monarch
.
Better
some
few
corruptions
should
be
suffered
in
a
Church
,
than
that
a
change
.
XXXIX
.
REligion
thus
established
;
In
the
next
place
the
wellfare
of
the
whole
Empire
,
consisted
chiefly
in
reforming
of
the
Citty
;
From
which
as
from
the
heart
,
life
was
convayed
to
all
the
Provinces
:
And
in
the
Citty
the
corruption
was
most
apparant
,
in
the
Senate
.
With
them
therefore
he
beginneth
,
well
knowing
that
crimes
in
men
of
eminent
place
end
not
in
themselves
:
but
by
degrees
become
diffused
among
their
Clyents
and
followers
.
Now
in
the
Senate
were
many
and
desertlesse
men
,
who
had
been
taken
into
the
Consistorie
during
the
Civill
wars
:
as
they
could
court
the
people
,
and
humor
such
as
were
most
potent
.
Of
these
he
expelled
none
by
his
own
power
:
but
making
a
speech
to
them
in
the
Senate
,
of
the
ancient
order
and
present
Confusion
of
the
house
;
he
first
exhorted
them
to
looke
backe
on
their
former
lives
,
and
to
judge
of
their
owne
abilities
and
merits
,
for
so
honourable
a
roome
.
Then
he
desired
some
of
them
to
picke
out
such
among
them
,
as
were
in
disposition
factious
,
and
in
life
faulty
,
but
loath
to
conceive
so
ill
of
their
owne
actions
;
Which
they
did
accordingly
.
Yet
as
it
often
happeneth
,
that
the
great
Thiefe
leadeth
all
the
rest
to
the
Gallowes
;
and
as
Commines
observeth
,
that
after
the
Battell
of
Monthillery
,
Officies
were
taken
from
many
for
flying
away
,
and
conferred
on
such
as
ran
ten
Miles
beyond
them
:
So
remained
many
in
the
Senate
,
neyther
lesse
vicious
,
nor
lesse
violent
;
onely
more
potent
to
maintaine
their
doings
,
than
some
others
whom
they
had
removed
.
AVGVSTVS
therefore
joyning
to
him
AGRIPPA
,
proceedeth
to
a
new
review
.
And
certainely
,
it
much
concerned
him
in
the
setling
of
his
affaires
,
that
none
should
have
a
voyce
in
that
famous
Councell
,
but
such
as
were
of
able
judgments
,
honest
repute
,
and
well
affected
to
the
the
Prince
.
An
enterprise
which
hee
esteemed
so
dangerous
,
that
permitted
entrance
to
no
Senator
till
he
were
scarched
;
himselfe
wearing
a
Brigandine
under
his
Gowne
;
and
being
enuironned
with
10
of
the
most
couragious
&
best
beloved
of
the
whole
company
.
Such
as
hee
found
in
eyther
kind
inexcusable
,
he
discharged
from
their
attendance
;
electing
such
into
their
places
,
which
were
eyther
ennobled
for
their
wisedome
,
of
noted
moderation
,
and
strong
in
their
dependants
.
Yet
so
that
greatnesse
of
Revenue
,
was
esteemed
neither
a
fit
Patronage
for
any
if
they
were
offensive
;
nor
a
just
cause
to
challenge
interest
in
the
house
.
Those
of
them
which
were
rich
rather
in
the
guifts
of
the
minde
,
than
fortune
;
he
relieved
with
honourable
Pensions
:
and
finally
he
bestirred
himselfe
so
resolutely
,
that
all
confessed
that
they
had
need
of
such
a
wise
Physitian
,
to
cure
that
dull
Consumption
,
whereinto
the
Commonwealth
was
falne
.
XL
.
IN
other
things
he
seldome
did
proceed
against
them
as
of
himselfe
:
But
when
that
any
of
them
had
conspired
his
Ruine
,
he
referred
them
to
the
Iudgement
of
their
fellowes
.
And
this
hee
did
partly
to
reserve
unto
the
Court
,
the
ancient
Prerogative
;
partly
,
not
to
be
Iudge
and
party
in
his
owne
cause
:
but
principally
following
the
example
of
his
father
IVLIVS
,
who
counterfeiting
a
wretchlesse
contempt
of
his
adversaries
,
used
when
he
was
least
suspected
,
under-hand
and
by
publike
Officers
to
worke
their
destruction
.
Many
also
of
them
,
whom
the
Senate
had
condemned
,
he
would
freely
pardon
.
Conceiving
truly
,
that
the
questioning
of
men
of
high
calling
,
would
produce
as
much
terrour
;
though
it
argued
not
so
much
rigor
as
the
punishment
.
Yet
if
extremity
of
Law
was
used
towards
some
few
,
it
was
to
settle
quietnesse
in
the
whole
;
and
as
it
were
a
particular
blood-letting
for
the
generall
health
.
Those
who
had
followed
the
factions
of
BRVTVS
and
ANTHONY
,
he
forgave
freely
.
And
not
so
onely
,
but
by
manifesting
his
words
by
his
deeds
,
and
adding
trust
and
honours
to
his
pardons
:
he
made
his
Chayre
of
State
more
setled
,
and
immoveable
.
So
CAESAR
by
erecting
the
fallen
and
broken
Images
of
POMPEY
,
made
his
owne
statues
stand
more
firmely
.
XLI
.
BVt
the
chiefe
Act
by
which
he
brideled
the
Nobles
,
was
an
Edict
by
him
promulgated
,
forbidding
any
of
them
,
his
leave
not
granted
,
to
travell
out
of
Italy
.
For
well
he
knew
that
in
an
Empire
unsetled
,
and
Provinces
not
quieted
,
the
presence
and
authority
of
men
of
that
ranke
,
might
rayse
greater
troubles
,
than
could
be
easily
suppressed
.
Examples
he
wanted
not
;
that
especially
of
Cato
,
who
after
the
overthrow
of
Pompey
,
stirred
such
a
warre
against
Caesar
in
Affricke
:
that
he
never
bought
Victory
at
a
dearer
rate
.
Yet
not
altogether
to
imprison
them
,
he
licensed
them
at
their
pleasure
to
visite
Sicilia
,
and
Gaul
Narbonoyse
:
Provinces
close
to
the
continent
of
Italy
,
altogether
unfurnished
for
warres
;
and
indeed
such
,
as
by
reason
of
the
variety
of
pleasures
in
them
used
,
were
more
likely
to
weaken
their
minds
,
than
to
arme
their
bodies
.
XLII
.
NOw
to
give
the
Seuate
some
sweet
meat
,
to
their
sowre
sawce
;
he
as
much
honoured
and
reverenced
the
Order
,
as
ever
it
was
in
the
free-state
:
submitting
himselfe
to
their
Iudgements
;
and
appearing
of
his
owne
accord
,
at
most
of
theyr
dayes
of
Session
.
Out
of
those
he
chose
15.
alterable
every
halfe
yere
,
to
be
of
his
privy
Councell
,
but
thē
changing
thē
for
others
that
so
all
of
them
might
participate
that
honour
;
and
yet
none
of
them
bee
acquainted
with
too
many
of
his
secrets
.
At
his
entrance
into
the
Senate
,
he
used
courteously
to
salute
the
Lords
;
and
so
likewise
at
his
departure
.
Hee
knew
full
well
that
it
was
noted
for
great
pride
in
his
father
IVLIVS
,
so
much
to
sleight
the
Lords
of
that
House
,
as
he
alwayes
did
:
never
making
to
them
any
obeysance
,
no
not
then
,
when
they
came
to
tel
him
what
honors
were
decreed
unto
him
.
XLIII
.
THis
Reformation
of
the
great
Ones
,
soone
made
the
lower
sort
more
carefull
;
both
to
observe
good
order
,
and
to
learne
obedience
.
Yet
did
not
AVGVSTVS
referre
all
to
President
;
but
somewhat
to
Precept
.
The
Roman
Knights
he
enforced
to
yeeld
an
account
of
their
lives
:
an
Ordinance
full
of
health
:
Idlenesse
being
the
root
of
all
private
vices
,
and
publike
disorders
.
To
the
Commons
in
their
Comitia
and
other
meetings
,
he
prescribeth
Lawes
and
Orders
as
himselfe
listed
.
The
old
authority
of
the
Tribunes
,
dashed
in
the
Dictatorship
of
SYLLA
,
he
would
not
restore
.
He
suffred
them
to
intercede
for
the
people
,
but
not
to
preferre
or
hinder
any
Bill
to
the
advancement
or
the
prejudice
of
the
Third
estate
.
Without
this
Curbe
,
the
Common
sort
would
never
quietly
have
suffered
him
to
sit
fast
in
the
Saddle
.
For
had
the
people
had
their
Tribunes
,
and
had
the
Tribunes
had
their
ancient
dignity
and
power
,
which
they
had
usurped
:
there
had
beene
little
or
no
hope
;
of
altering
the
forme
of
Government
.
So
different
are
the
ends
of
the
Common-people
,
especially
if
nuzled
in
a
factious
Liberty
;
from
the
designes
of
soveraigne
Princes
.
XLIV
.
THe
City
thus
reformed
in
the
principall
errors
and
defects
of
it
;
he
againe
exhibiteth
unto
them
divers
pleasures
:
As
Shewes
of
Fencers
,
Stage-playes
,
Combates
of
wilde
beasts
,
publique
dancings
,
with
variety
of
other
delightfull
spectacles
.
And
this
as
well
to
breed
in
them
a
good
conceit
of
the
change
;
as
fearing
lest
their
cogitations
,
for
want
of
other
objects
,
would
fixe
themselves
upon
his
actions
,
and
the
old
freedome
.
Horse-races
,
Tilts
,
and
Tornaments
,
he
gladly
cherished
;
but
he
permitted
them
only
to
the
Inhabitants
of
Rome
:
That
so
that
City
being
the
Seat-Towne
of
his
Empire
,
might
be
stored
with
good
Horses
,
and
expert
Riders
.
Such
of
the
Commons
as
were
behind
hand
,
he
relieved
:
and
when
that
any
of
them
had
made
him
Heyre
to
their
goods
;
hee
well
knowing
that
no
good
Father
did
appoint
to
his
Heyre
any
Prince
but
a
Tyrant
,
presently
restored
to
the
Children
of
the
deceased
,
the
whole
Patrimony
.
An
action
truly
worthy
of
AVGVSTVS
;
as
true
a
Guardian
of
Orphanes
,
as
a
Father
of
his
Country
.
Such
Princes
as
gape
covetously
after
other
mens
possessions
,
seldome
enjoy
the
benefit
of
their
owne
.
The
treasures
of
Kings
are
then
greatest
,
not
when
their
own
Coffers
are
full
onely
,
but
their
subjects
rich
.
XLV
.
YEt
one
thing
more
he
seemed
to
leave
unto
the
people
,
which
they
thought
most
pleasing
;
Liberty
of
speech
.
Wherein
sometimes
they
were
so
licencious
,
that
they
spared
not
AGRIPPA
himselfe
,
so
potent
with
the
Emperour
.
But
hee
good
man
,
never
using
the
Princes
favour
to
the
prejudice
of
any
,
seemed
not
to
marke
their
taunts
and
slanders
:
whether
with
greater
moderation
or
wisedome
,
I
cannor
tell
.
Neyther
did
AVGVSTVS
scape
their
foolish
Pasquils
and
infamous
Libels
.
All
which
he
winked
at
,
knowing
,
that
Contumelies
of
that
Nature
,
slighted
&
contemned
,
soone
vanish
of
themselves
:
but
if
repined
and
stormed
at
,
they
seeme
to
be
acknowledged
.
A
temper
which
he
learnt
of
his
Father
IVLIVS
,
who
was
perfect
at
it
.
And
certainely
it
was
a
notable
poynt
of
wisedome
in
both
of
them
.
It
is
the
misery
of
the
best
Princes
,
even
when
they
doe
well
,
to
be
ill
spoken
of
.
And
therfore
many
times
such
follyes
,
are
with
more
policy
dissembled
than
observed
,
by
the
greatest
Kings
.
XLVI
.
AS
for
this
Lavishnesse
of
the
tongue
,
it
is
an
humour
that
springeth
for
the
most
part
,
rather
from
a
delight
in
pratling
,
than
any
malice
of
the
heart
:
and
they
which
use
it
are
more
troublesome
than
dangerous
.
IVLIVS
feared
not
the
fat
men
,
but
the
leane
and
spare
.
And
so
AVGVSTVS
thought
,
that
not
men
liberall
of
speech
,
but
silent
,
close
,
and
sparing
of
their
words
,
were
most
likely
to
rayse
tumults
.
Moreover
,
as
long
as
the
Common-people
reteined
Liberty
of
speech
,
they
were
the
lesse
sencible
of
the
losse
of
Liberty
in
State
.
Whereas
in
the
dayes
of
DOMITIAN
,
when
not
onely
they
were
prohibited
to
commune
together
,
but
even
their
secret
sighes
and
teares
were
Registred
;
then
began
they
to
looke
with
a
serious
eye
,
backe
on
the
old
and
Common
Liberty
:
Neglect
is
the
best
remedy
for
this
Talking
veine
.
When
the
humour
is
spent
,
the
People
will
cease
on
their
owne
accords
:
till
then
,
no
forces
can
compell
them
Tacitus
taxeth
Vitellius
of
great
folly
,
for
hoping
by
force
to
hinder
the
continuall
reports
of
Vespatians
revolt
;
that
being
the
only
way
to
increase
,
not
diminish
the
rumor
.
And
as
much
he
extolleth
(
I
will
not
say
how
fitly
the
Reigne
of
Prince
NERVA
;
wherein
it
was
lawfull
for
the
Subject
to
thinke
what
hee
would
,
and
speake
what
he
thought
.
XLVII
.
THese
courses
though
he
tooke
to
rectifie
the
Senate
,
and
content
the
people
,
yet
he
stayed
not
here
.
There
were
too
many
of
both
sorts
,
dangerous
and
unquiet
spirits
,
who
stomacked
his
proceedings
:
and
under
the
pretence
of
the
ancient
Liberty
,
were
apt
to
any
bold
attempt
,
and
sodaine
alteration
.
These
as
he
winked
at
for
the
present
,
so
he
imployed
them
as
occasion
served
,
in
his
forreine
warres
.
Wherein
he
followed
the
example
of
his
father
IVLIVS
,
who
when
his
soldiers
had
displeased
him
,
in
their
Mutinies
and
tumults
;
would
lead
them
presently
unto
some
desperate
and
dangerous
service
.
So
weakning
both
his
foes
,
which
lay
next
unto
him
,
and
punishing
those
Soldiers
which
had
disobeyed
him
.
For
though
AVGVSTVS
had
thrice
shut
the
Temple
of
Ianus
;
and
cherished
peace
,
no
Emperor
more
,
of
so
large
a
Territory
:
Yet
when
he
saw
his
times
,
and
that
mens
minds
were
active
,
and
their
thoughts
disquieted
;
he
could
find
presently
occasion
for
some
new
imployment
.
In
this
a
body
politique
,
may
be
compared
most
fitly
,
to
the
body
Naturall
.
when
we
are
full
of
bloud
,
and
our
spirits
boyling
,
there
is
not
any
Physicke
better
than
Phlebotomie
.
But
if
a
veyne
▪
be
broken
in
us
,
and
we
bleed
inwardly
;
our
estate
commonly
is
dangerous
,
and
almost
incureable
.
So
Princes
,
when
their
people
are
tumultuous
,
and
apt
to
mischiefe
;
or
that
their
thoughts
are
working
,
and
hearkening
after
action
;
doe
commonly
imploy
them
in
some
service
farre
from
home
;
that
there
they
may
both
vent
their
Anger
,
and
employ
their
Couraege
.
For
let
them
stay
at
home
,
to
confirme
their
practises
,
and
grow
at
last
into
faction
:
the
State
will
suffer
in
it
;
if
it
be
not
ruined
.
We
cannot
have
a
fairer
instance
of
this
truth
than
the
proceeding
of
the
5.
HENRY
,
and
of
the
times
next
following
.
Whose
forreine
warres
kept
us
all
quiet
here
at
home
;
wasted
those
humours
,
and
consumed
those
fiery
spirits
:
which
afterwards
,
the
warres
being
ended
,
inflamed
the
Kingdome
.
XLVIII
.
THe
Soldiers
some
of
them
he
dispersed
as
before
I
sayd
,
all
about
Italy
,
in
32.
Colonies
:
as
well
for
the
defence
of
the
Country
,
as
for
their
more
speedy
reassembly
,
if
need
should
require
.
Abroad
amongst
the
Provinces
,
were
maintained
upon
the
common
charge
,
23.
Legions
with
theyr
aydes
,
besider
10000.
of
his
Guard
,
and
those
which
were
appointed
for
the
bridling
and
the
safety
of
the
Citty
.
As
to
all
of
them
he
shewed
an
excellent
thankfulnesse
,
for
their
faithfull
services
:
So
in
particular
,
to
AGRIPPA
,
and
to
one
other
,
whose
name
the
Histories
of
that
age
have
nor
remembred
.
This
latter
had
valiantly
behaved
himselfe
at
the
battell
of
Actium
:
and
being
summoned
to
appeare
before
the
Lords
of
the
Senate
in
a
matter
which
concerned
his
life
,
cryed
to
AVGVSTVS
for
succour
;
who
assigned
him
an
Advocate
.
The
poore
fellow
not
contented
with
this
favour
,
baring
his
breast
,
and
shewing
him
the
markes
of
many
wounds
;
These
(
quoth
he
)
have
I
received
,
AVGVSTVS
,
in
thy
service
,
never
supplying
my
place
by
a
Deputy
.
Which
sayd
,
the
Emperor
descending
to
the
Barre
,
pleaded
the
Souldiers
cause
,
and
wonne
it
.
Never
did
Soveraigne
Prince
,
or
any
that
command
in
Cheefe
,
lose
any
thing
,
by
being
bountifull
of
favors
to
theyr
men
of
war
.
For
this
act
quickly
spreading
it selfe
over
all
the
Provinces
,
did
so
indeere
him
to
the
military
men
;
that
they
all
thought
their
services
well
recompenced
,
in
that
his
graciousnesse
to
that
one
man
.
XLIX
.
AND
now
were
they
so
farre
given
over
to
him
,
that
the
honours
conferred
on
AGRIPPA
,
could
not
increase
their
love
;
well
it
might
their
admiration
.
AGRIPPA
was
of
a
meane
and
common
Parentage
,
but
supplying
the
defects
of
his
Birth
,
with
the
perfections
of
his
minde
;
he
became
very
potent
with
AVGVSTVS
,
who
not
onely
made
him
Consull
,
but
his
companion
in
the
Tribunitian
authority
,
and
Provost
of
the
Citie
.
So
many
titles
were
now
heaped
on
him
,
that
MECENAS
perswaded
the
Prince
,
to
give
him
his
Daughter
IVLIA
to
wife
;
affirming
it
impossible
for
AGRIPPA
to
live
safe
,
considering
how
open
new
Creatures
lye
to
the
attempts
of
Malicious
men
;
unlesse
he
were
ingraffed
into
the
royall
Stemme
of
the
CAESARS
.
On
which
cause
questionlesse
,
for
the
stronger
establishment
of
his
new
honours
;
SEIANVS
afterward
attempted
,
but
not
with
like
successe
,
the
like
march
,
with
LIVIA
,
TIBERIVS
Daughter
in
Law
.
L.
THe
Senate
,
People
,
and
Men
of
Warre
,
thus
severally
reduced
to
a
Mediocrity
of
power
and
content
:
The
next
labor
is
to
alter
the
old
,
and
establish
a
new
government
of
the
Citty
it selfe
.
To
effect
which
,
hee
dashed
all
former
Lawes
,
by
which
the
Allyes
and
Confederates
of
the
State
,
were
made
free
Denizens
of
the
Towne
.
That
hee
conceived
to
be
a
way
,
to
draw
the
whole
Empire
into
one
City
;
and
by
the
monstrous
groweth
and
increase
of
this
,
to
make
poore
the
rest
.
Therefore
this
Priviledge
he
communicated
unto
a
few
onely
:
partly
that
in
the
times
of
dea●th
,
the
Citty
might
not
so
much
feele
the
want
of
sustenance
;
and
partly
that
so
ancient
an
honour
might
not
be
disesteemed
;
but
principally
lest
Rome
replenished
with
so
huge
a
multitude
of
stirring
and
unruly
spirits
,
should
grow
too
headstrong
to
be
governed
in
due
order
.
The
greatest
and
most
populous
Cities
,
as
they
are
pronest
unto
faction
and
sedition
;
so
is
the
danger
greatest
,
both
in
it selfe
,
and
the
example
,
if
they
should
revolt
.
LI
.
THis
provident
course
notwithstanding
,
there
were
in
Rome
men
more
than
enough
;
and
among
them
not
a
few
malecontents
,
and
murmurers
at
the
present
state
;
such
as
contemned
the
Consuls
,
and
hated
the
Prince
.
To
keepe
these
in
compasse
,
AVGVSTVS
,
it
being
impossible
for
him
to
be
still
resident
at
Rome
,
and
dangerous
to
bee
absent
;
constituted
a
Provost
of
the
Citie
,
for
the
most
part
chosen
out
of
the
Senators
:
assigning
him
a
strength
of
6000.
men
,
called
Milites
Vrbani
,
or
the
City
Souldiers
.
To
him
he
gave
absolute
and
Royall
authority
,
both
in
the
Towne
and
Territory
neare
adjoyning
,
during
his
owne
absence
.
To
him
were
appeales
brought
from
the
Magistrates
:
and
finally
to
his
Tribunal
were
referred
,
all
causes
of
importance
,
not
in
Rome
onely
;
but
the
greatest
part
of
Italy
.
Mesalla
was
the
first
Provost
,
but
proofe
being
had
of
his
insufficiency
,
the
charge
was
committed
to
AGRIPPA
:
who
did
not
onely
settle
and
confirme
the
City
;
but
speedily
freed
Italy
from
Theeves
,
and
Robbers
,
and
stopped
the
courses
of
many
other
troublers
of
the
State
.
LII
.
IT
is
recorded
that
in
the
Civill
warres
of
MARIVS
and
SYLLA
,
one
PONTIVS
VELESINVS
of
the
MARIAN
Faction
,
told
his
Generall
,
that
he
did
well
to
scoure
the
Country
;
but
Italy
would
never
want
Wolves
,
as
long
as
Rome
was
so
fit
a
Forrest
,
and
so
neare
to
retyre
unto
.
The
like
might
have
beene
spoken
to
AGRIPPA
;
That
he
did
well
,
to
cleare
the
Common
Rodes
and
passages
:
but
Italy
would
never
want
Theeves
,
whilst
Rome
was
so
good
a
place
of
Refuge
.
For
though
he
did
,
as
farre
as
humane
industry
could
extend
,
endeavour
a
generall
Reformation
,
both
within
the
City
and
without
:
yet
neyther
could
he
remedy
nor
foresee
all
mischiefes
.
Still
were
there
many
and
those
great
disorders
,
committed
in
the
night
season
;
when
as
no
eye
,
but
that
to
which
no
darkenesse
is
an
obstacle
,
could
discerne
the
Malefactors
.
For
in
the
first
Proscription
,
many
men
used
to
walke
the
Streets
well
weaponed
;
pretending
onely
their
owne
safety
.
Indeed
it
was
to
make
their
best
advantage
of
such
men
,
as
they
met
eyther
in
unfrequented
Lanes
and
passages
;
or
travelling
,
as
their
occasions
did
direct
them
in
the
Night
.
LIII
.
TO
represse
therefore
the
foule
insolencies
of
these
Sword-men
,
AVGVSTVS
did
ordaine
a
Watch
consisting
of
7000.
Freemen
:
their
Captaine
beeing
a
Gentleman
of
ROME
.
In
the
day
time
,
the
Guard
of
the
Towne
was
committed
to
the
Provost
and
his
Citie
Soldiers
:
These
Vigiles
resting
in
their
standing
Campes
.
In
the
Night
season
,
one
part
tooke
their
Stations
in
the
most
suspicious
places
of
the
City
:
another
,
in
perpetuall
motion
traversed
the
Streets
,
the
rest
lying
in
the
Corps
du
Guarde
,
to
relieve
their
companions
.
By
which
meanes
,
he
not
onely
remedied
the
present
disorders
,
but
preserved
the
City
from
danger
of
fire
also
;
Yea
and
secured
himselfe
from
all
night
tumults
,
which
carry
with
them
(
though
but
small
)
more
terror
and
affrightment
;
than
greater
Commotions
in
the
day
.
Never
till
now
were
the
Commnn
people
Masters
of
their
owne
,
both
lives
and
substance
.
And
now
was
travell
in
the
night
,
●s
safe
;
though
not
so
pleasant
as
at
Noone
.
LIV
.
THe
People
and
Cittie
thus
setled
,
his
next
study
is
to
keepe
the
Provinces
in
a
liking
of
the
Change
.
But
little
Rhetorique
needed
to
win
their
liking
,
who
had
long
desired
the
present
forme
of
Government
:
mistrusting
the
peoples
Regiment
,
by
reason
of
Noblemens
factions
,
Covetousnesse
of
Magistrates
;
the
Lawes
affording
no
security
,
being
swayed
hither
and
thither
by
ambition
and
corruption
.
These
Provinces
,
when
he
first
rid
the
Government
,
he
thus
divided
.
Asia
,
Africa
,
Numidia
,
Betica
,
Narbonensis
,
Sicilia
,
Corfica
,
Sardinia
,
all
Greece
,
Crete
,
Cyprus
,
Pontus
,
and
Bythinia
,
being
quiet
and
peaceable
Provinces
,
of
knowne
and
faithfull
obedience
;
he
assigned
unto
the
Senate
.
But
the
new
conquered
Regions
,
such
as
had
not
disgested
their
losse
of
liberty
,
with
whom
any
rebellion
or
warre
,
was
to
be
feared
,
he
retayned
under
his
owne
command
.
Such
were
Tarraconensis
,
Lusitanica
,
Lugdunensis
,
Germany
,
Belgica
,
Aquitanica
,
Syria
,
Cilicia
,
Aegypt
,
Dalmatia
,
Mysia
,
Pannonia
,
&c.
This
hee
did
as
hee
gave
out
,
to
sustaine
the
danger
himselfe
alone
,
leaving
to
the
Senate
,
the
sweete
at
theyr
ease
:
but
the
truth
was
,
to
keep
them
without
armes
,
himselfe
alwayes
strong
and
in
a
readinesse
.
Questionlesse
the
Caesarean
Provinces
,
growing
so
strong
;
and
perceiving
the
Consular
so
weake
:
assumed
to
themselves
the
creating
,
and
establishing
the
future
Princes
.
Galba
was
made
Emperour
by
the
Spanish
and
French
Legions
;
Vitellius
,
by
the
German
;
Vespatian
by
the
Syrian
and
Pannonian
:
The
Consular
Provinces
never
stirring
,
eyther
to
prevent
their
attempts
,
or
to
revenge
them
.
LV
.
THese
Provinces
,
the
better
to
manage
the
affaires
of
the
Empire
,
he
had
peculiarly
specified
in
his
Register
,
what
Tributes
they
payed
,
what
Presents
they
sent
in
,
what
Customes
in
them
were
levyed
.
That
booke
also
comprehended
,
the
wealth
of
the
publike
Treasury
,
and
necessary
charge
issuing
out
of
it
:
What
number
of
Citizens
and
Allies
,
there
were
in
Armes
;
What
strength
there
was
by
Sea
,
with
all
other
circumstances
concerning
the
extent
,
strength
,
riches
;
and
particulars
of
his
Estate
.
William
of
Normandy
did
the
like
,
at
his
first
entrance
into
England
:
when
he
composed
that
Censuall
Roll
of
all
this
Kingdome
;
which
we
call
Doomes-day
Booke
,
or
the
Roll
of
Winton
:
according
unto
which
,
Taxations
were
imposed
,
and
Aydes
exacted
.
The
greatest
Princes
have
not
thought
it
a
disparagemen
to
be
good
Husbands
;
to
know
the
riches
of
their
Crownes
;
and
have
an
eye
to
theyr
Intrado
.
LVI
.
BRitaine
was
left
out
of
this
Bead-roll
,
eyther
because
from
hence
there
neyther
was
much
hope
of
profit
,
nor
much
feare
of
hurt
:
or
else
because
,
being
more
desirous
to
keepe
than
inlarge
the
Monarchy
;
he
thought
it
most
expedienr
to
confine
it
within
the
bounds
appointed
by
Nature
.
Danubius
,
on
the
North
;
Mount
Atlas
on
the
South
;
Euphrates
,
on
the
East
;
&
the
maine
Ocean
on
the
West
:
did
bound
his
Empire
and
defend
it
.
Some
Kingdomes
have
their
limits
layd
out
by
Nature
:
and
those
which
have
adventured
to
extend
them
further
,
have
found
it
fatall
.
The
Persians
never
did
attempt
to
stretch
their
Territory
beyond
Oxus
,
but
they
miscarried
in
the
action
.
And
what
was
that
poore
River
,
if
compared
unto
the
Ocean
?
LVII
.
MAny
who
loved
action
,
or
expected
preferment
by
the
Wars
,
incited
him
unto
the
conquest
and
plantation
of
these
Countries
.
Affirming
that
the
barbarous
people
were
naturally
bad
neighbors
;
&
though
for
the
present
not
very
strong
nor
well
skill●●
in
Armes
;
yet
mi●●●●
weake
Enemy
in
●●gather
great
str●●●●●
That
he
ought
〈…〉
the
warre
,
for
his
Father
Iulius
sake
,
who
first
shewed
that
Iland
to
the
Romans
:
that
it
yeelded
both
refuge
and
supply
to
the
Malecontents
of
France
,
and
enemies
in
Germany
:
That
he
would
lose
the
benefit
of
a
wealthy
Country
,
stored
with
all
manner
of
provision
;
and
the
command
of
a
valiant
Nation
,
borne
as
it
were
unto
the
warres
.
That
it
was
an
Apostacy
from
honor
,
to
lye
still
and
adde
nothing
to
the
conquest
of
his
ancestors
:
that
he
was
in
all
equity
bound
as
farre
as
in
him
was
,
to
reduce
to
Civility
,
from
Barbraisme
so
many
proper
and
able
men
.
LVIII
.
TO
these
motives
Augustus
replyed
,
That
he
had
already
refused
to
wage
warre
with
the
Parthian
;
a
more
dangerous
neighbour
,
and
far
worse
enimy
than
the
Britaines
:
That
he
had
w●st
and
desart
ground
enough
,
in
his
own
dominions
for
many
a
large
Plantation
;
when
he
saw
it
needfull
;
that
he
had
constantly
refused
,
though
with
great
facility
he
might
,
to
conquer
any
more
of
the
barbarous
Nations
:
That
as
in
the
Naturall
body
,
a
surfeit
is
more
dangerous
than
fasting
;
So
in
the
body
Politique
too
much
is
more
troublesome
than
a
litle
.
That
the
Roman
Monarchy
,
had
already
exceeded
the
Persian
&
Macedoniā
:
&
to
extend
it
further
,
was
the
next
way
to
make
it
totter
and
fall
by
its
owne
weight
:
that
he
had
learned
in
the
Fable
,
not
to
lose
the
substance
,
by
catching
the
shadow
:
That
many
puissant
Nations
lay
in
,
and
about
Britany
,
against
whom
Garrisons
must
be
kept
;
and
he
feared
the
Revenue
would
not
quit
the
Cost
.
LIX
.
FOr
the
assurance
of
the
Provinces
already
conquered
,
he
dispersed
into
them
23.
Legions
with
their
Aydes
:
whose
pay
onely
,
besides
provision
of
Corne
and
Officers
wages
;
amounted
to
five
Millions
and
an
halfe
of
our
English
pounds
,
and
somewhat
more
,
were
so
sodainly
payd
unto
the
Armies
,
that
we
read
seldom
in
the
Histories
of
that
Empire
,
of
any
Mutinie
amongst
the
Soldiers
for
want
of
pay
.
An
happinesse
whereof
these
ages
have
beene
little
guilty
.
For
the
amassing
of
his
treasure
,
and
defraying
of
this
charge
;
AVGVSTVS
made
not
use
onely
of
his
owne
revenue
.
Warres
which
are
undertaken
,
and
Soldiers
that
are
levied
for
the
Common
safety
;
ought
in
all
reason
to
be
maintained
on
the
Common-purse
.
Grandour
and
security
of
an
Empire
,
concernes
in
all
respects
,
asmuch
the
people
as
the
Prince
.
For
which
cause
,
he
erected
an
Ezchequer
in
the
Citsy
,
which
was
called
Aerarium
militare
,
or
the
Soldiers
Treasurie
,
whereto
the
xx
.
part
of
every
mans
estate
,
was
brought
;
according
to
the
true
and
perfect
valuation
.
This
was
esteemed
an
heavy
burden
at
the
first
,
and
indeed
it
was
:
but
that
the
people
felt
the
sweetnes
&
effects
of
it
,
in
the
common
safety
.
In
that
respect
,
the
interest
was
greater
than
the
principall
.
Subiects
that
have
a
care
either
of
the
common
peace
or
honour
;
will
not
r●pine
at
payments
and
taxations
,
though
more
than
ordinary
.
It
is
a
poore
conceit
to
thinke
that
Princes
eyther
are
able
or
obliged
,
to
maintaine
the
warres
without
assistance
from
their
people
:
or
that
the
treasures
,
which
in
these
respects
they
give
the
King
;
they
doe
not
give
unto
themselves
.
I
may
perhaps
repute
him
for
a
cunning
Sophister
,
〈◇〉
never
for
a
faithfull
〈◇〉
;
which
coynes
distinctions
betwixt
the
welfare
of
the
King
,
and
the
weale
of
the
Kingdome
.
LX
.
THese
Legions
he
employed
as
occasion
was
,
eyther
to
curbe
the
Natives
,
or
secure
the
Borders
.
The
Roman
Empire
seldome
had
such
perfect
peace
but
that
there
were
imployments
alwaies
for
the
Soldiers
.
If
that
they
had
in
any
place
a
short
Cessation
from
the
wars
;
yet
they
were
not
idle
.
Idlenesse
doubtlesse
is
the
greatest
enimy
to
Martiall
Discipline
.
Therefore
he
kept
them
at
such
times
perpetually
busied
:
eyther
in
paving
Bogges
,
or
in
dreaning
Marishes
.
By
meanes
whereof
,
he
made
not
onely
many
of
the
barbarous
Countries
,
both
fruitfull
in
themselves
,
and
profitable
to
the
Chequer
:
but
thereby
also
he
secured
his
owne
affaires
,
and
disarmed
his
enemies
.
For
many
times
the
Barbarous
people
trusting
to
such
advantages
;
were
apt
too
often
to
rebell
:
and
having
got
themselves
within
those
Myres
and
Fastnesses
,
stood
on
theyr
Guard
;
as
in
some
fashionable
or
defensible
Fortresse
.
The
surest
meanes
to
keepe
a
conquered
people
,
from
all
occasion
of
revolting
,
is
to
lay
waste
their
Wood-lands
,
and
make
all
parts
passable
.
The
opportunity
of
a
safe
retreat
,
makes
not
more
Theeves
,
than
Rebels
.
LXI
.
THose
whom
he
placed
over
his
Provinces
and
Armies
:
hee
neyther
would
remove
under
3.
yeares
government
;
nor
yet
continue
after
five
.
A
longer
stay
might
teach
them
too
much
of
the
nature
of
the
people
;
and
perhaps
prompt
them
,
to
worke
into
the
favour
of
the
Natives
,
and
the
men
of
warre
;
and
so
at
last
to
establish
in
themselves
a
Soveraignty
.
Caesars
long
stay
in
Gaul
,
(
a
second
5.
yeares
being
added
unto
that
,
which
was
first
allowed
him
;
)
made
him
so
potent
with
the
people
,
and
gracious
with
the
Soldiers
;
that
in
the
end
hee
brought
the
Romā
Empire
under
his
subjection
.
And
on
the
other
side
,
to
take
them
from
their
charges
,
under
3.
yeares
continuance
,
were
to
have
called
them
home
,
before
they
were
well
learned
in
the
Customes
and
the
nature
of
the
Provinces
:
so
making
them
unable
,
to
instruct
their
Successors
.
As
for
the
men
whom
he
imployed
in
those
Commands
;
he
called
them
alwayes
out
of
the
most
valiant
and
upright
,
in
Campe
,
and
Senate
.
A
Prince
more
willing
and
desirous
not
to
imploy
men
likely
to
offend
;
than
after
the
offence
to
punish
and
chastise
them
.
LXII
.
BEsides
his
forces
by
Land
,
he
also
maintained
at
Sea
two
invincible
Armadoes
.
The
one
lay
at
Anchor
neare
Ravenna
,
in
the
up
Sea
,
to
awe
and
defend
Dalmatia
,
Crete
,
Greece
,
Cyprus
,
Asia
,
&c.
The
other
at
Misenum
,
in
the
lower
Sea
,
to
protect
and
keepe
under
France
,
Spaine
,
Africa
,
Aegypt
,
Syria
,
&c.
Neyther
was
this
the
onely
use
of
two
such
puissant
Fleets
.
But
in
all
probability
,
they
were
to
clense
the
Sea
of
Pyrates
;
to
have
a
care
to
the
conducting
of
the
Tributes
&
Customes
into
the
Exchequer
:
and
served
also
for
transporting
Corne
,
and
other
necessary
provisions
,
for
the
sustenance
,
and
reliefe
of
the
Citty
.
In
the
ensuing
Civill
warres
,
these
two
Navies
proved
to
bee
of
great
importance
:
The
revolt
of
them
giving
as
great
a
blow
to
the
one
side
,
as
a
comfort
to
the
other
.
The
principall
assurance
of
Otho
in
the
wars
,
was
the
immoveable
fidelity
of
the
Misenian
Fleet
:
and
the
siding
of
th'other
with
Vespatian
,
brake
the
hearts
of
Vitellius
best
followers
.
LXIII
.
AVGVSTVS
as
hee
strengthened
the
Provinces
in
generall
,
so
did
he
cast
an
especiall
eye
on
3.
particulars
:
viz.
Italy
,
France
,
and
Aegypt
.
Italy
rounded
Rome
the
Metropolis
of
the
Empire
;
and
therefore
he
ought
to
be
well
assured
,
of
its
good
faith
and
allegiance
to
him
.
Nor
was
he
ignorant
,
that
the
Bellum
Sociale
raised
by
the
people
of
that
Country
in
the
free-State
,
more
shooke
and
endangered
the
Empire
;
than
the
Invasions
of
Pyrrhus
,
or
Anniball
.
Therefore
as
formerly
he
planted
in
it
32.
Colonies
,
of
old
and
trusty
soldiers
,
to
keepe
it
sure
unto
himselfe
:
So
now
he
did
divide
it
into
eleven
Regions
;
each
having
peculiar
Magistrates
,
and
under
Officers
.
This
not
so
much
to
ease
the
Citty
Praetor
,
although
hee
had
imployment
enough
at
Rome
:
but
because
it
was
thicke
set
and
as
it
were
overlayd
with
People
,
whose
rising
might
endanger
the
Common-wealth
.
So
by
his
Colonies
he
kept
a
Garrison
upon
them
as
it
were
,
that
they
could
not
revolt
:
and
by
his
Officers
and
Iusticiers
(
as
I
may
call
them
)
he
set
so
strait
a
Watch
about
them
;
that
they
durst
not
practise
.
LXIV
.
FRaunce
,
then
called
Gaul
,
was
both
a
large
and
fertile
Country
:
stored
with
a
people
,
valiant
in
all
attempts
,
and
in
many
desperate
.
A
people
with
which
the
old
Romans
fought
rather
to
maintaine
their
owne
liberty
,
than
to
increase
their
Dominions
.
A
people
whose
Progenitors
had
sacked
the
Citie
;
and
finally
with
whom
the
Romans
durst
not
make
warre
,
till
they
had
almost
all
the
residue
of
the
world
in
subjection
.
Remembrance
of
their
ancient
Reputation
,
and
store
of
money
might
occasion
many
desperate
practises
against
the
quiet
of
the
Empire
.
The
readiest
way
to
keepe
them
in
Obedience
,
was
to
keepe
them
poore
,
for
without
wealth
,
high
Stomacks
may
well
feed
on
the
hope
of
Liberty
,
but
disgest
it
neuer
.
Licinius
his
freedman
,
was
the
fittest
fellow
for
such
an
Office
:
who
is
presently
made
the
Taske-master
of
the
Province
.
The
French
used
to
pay
a
Monthly
Tribute
,
which
he
much
inhaunced
(
besides
private
and
petty
meanes
of
prevailing
)
by
making
foureteene
Moneths
in
a
yeare
.
The
French
Solicitors
at
Rome
make
complaint
to
AVGVSTVS
.
He
sometimes
yeilded
unto
them
,
sometimes
excused
his
Freedman
;
some
things
hee
would
not
know
,
many
he
would
not
believe
;
others
he
dissembled
.
LICINIVS
to
make
up
his
peace
,
sent
to
the
Emperour
all
his
treasure
,
and
that
huge
Masse
of
gold
and
silver
by
those
unlawfull
meanes
,
heaped
up
together
:
which
hee
not
onely
willingly
received
,
but
his
turne
being
served
and
the
French
not
a little
impoverished
;
he
recalled
Licinius
,
and
sent
Tiberius
to
settle
the
Province
.
So
old
and
common
a
thing
it
is
with
great
Princes
,
to
suffer
their
Vice-Roys
,
and
Vnder-Officers
,
to
sucke
like
Spunges
,
the
Wealth
of
the
Subiect
,
till
they
are
quite
full
;
and
then
o
squeeze
them
into
their
owne
Coffers
.
LXV
.
BVt
the
Province
whose
tuition
and
defence
he
principally
regarded
,
was
Aegypt
:
not
so
much
for
the
valour
and
animositie
of
the
Inhabitants
●s
the
naturall
strength
&
scituation
of
the
place
.
Alexander
of
Macedon
having
annexed
it
to
his
Empire
,
never
committed
the
entire
government
and
Iurisdiction
thereof
to
one
man
:
fearing
least
he
presuming
on
the
wealth
of
the
People
,
and
site
of
the
Country
,
would
settle
the
possession
in
himselfe
.
And
so
AVGVSTVS
calling
to
minde
aswell
the
multitude
,
as
the
levity
and
incenstancie
of
the
Natives
;
that
it
was
very
rich
in
coyne
,
and
the
Roman
Granary
,
(
as
serving
the
Citty
foure
Moneths
yearely
with
Corne
)
not
onely
trusted
not
the
rule
thereof
into
the
hands
of
any
of
the
Senators
,
but
expresly
forbad
any
of
that
order
,
without
his
especial
permission
,
to
sojourne
there
.
It
is
a
principle
in
State
,
never
to
licence
men
of
great
houses
,
and
credit
among
the
people
,
to
have
free
accesse
into
that
Country
,
whose
revolt
may
endanger
the
whole
Empire
Wherefore
it
was
a
weaknesse
doubtlesse
,
in
the
Councell
of
K.
Henry
of
that
name
the
6.
to
suffer
Rich
.
D.
of
Yorke
,
to
passe
at
pleasure
into
Ireland
;
where
he
had
harbour
and
reliefe
,
and
whence
hee
brought
supply
both
of
men
and
money
.
But
to
return
to
Aegypt
,
Germanicus
entring
once
into
Alexandria
,
onely
to
see
the
Antiquities
of
it
,
and
returne
;
stirred
such
suspicions
&
distractions
in
the
jealous
head
of
Tiberius
,
that
hee
spared
not
sharpely
to
rebuke
him
for
it
.
Vespasian
also
being
by
the
Syrian
Legions
chosen
Emperor
,
first
assured
himselfe
of
Aegypt
;
as
the
key
of
the
Sea
and
land
,
with
a
small
power
against
a
strong
host
,
easily
defended
.
This
place
he
resolved
to
make
his
Sanctuary
,
if
his
designes
succeeded
not
luckily
.
And
to
this
place
hee
hastened
,
after
the
defeate
of
the
Vitellian
army
:
that
so
detaining
the
ordinary
provision
of
victuals
;
hee
might
by
famine
compell
the
City
of
Rome
to
stand
at
his
devotion
.
The
government
of
this
Province
was
by
Augustus
alwaies
committed
to
some
one
of
the
Romane
Gentry
;
as
lesse
able
,
by
reason
of
his
low
fortunes
,
to
worke
against
the
Princes
safety
neyther
would
he
allow
his
substitute
the
glorious
attributes
of
Lievtenant
,
Legatus
,
Vice-Roy
,
or
Propraetor
.
Captaine
or
President
of
Egypt
,
was
their
highest
Title
:
their
being
even
in
Titles
no
small
motives
to
Ambition
.
LXVI
.
AVgustus
having
by
these
meanes
reduced
both
the
Citty
and
Provinces
,
under
his
absolute
command
:
and
being
now
declining
in
strength
,
by
reason
of
a
sodaine
&
violent
sicknesse
;
began
to
call
his
wits
to
Councel
,
how
to
dispose
of
the
Estate
after
his
decease
.
Male-child
he
never
had
any
.
His
Daughter
Iulia
a
woman
of
immodest
carriage
,
never
made
further
use
of
her
Fathers
greatnesse
,
than
that
she
satified
her
lusts
with
the
grtater
insolence
.
Marcellus
his
Sisters
sonne
,
and
Iulias
husband
was
a
young
man
of
an
ingenuous
disposition
;
and
seemingly
capable
of
the
fortunes
which
attended
for
him
.
Him
being
yet
young
,
Augustus
preferred
to
the
Pontificiall
dignity
,
and
Aedileship
;
yet
once
upon
his
sicknes
,
he
privately
determined
,
to
choose
a
successor
in
the
Common-wealth
,
rather
〈◇〉
his
owne
family
:
&
not
to
leave
the
Empire
,
unto
Marcellus
,
whom
〈◇〉
held
unable
to
under
it
;
But
to
his
companion
in
armes
,
Agrippa
,
a
man
daunted
neither
with
adverse
,
nor
altered
with
prosperous
fortunes
.
LXVII
.
This
Marcellus
afterwards
so
stomacked
,
that
hee
beganne
to
grutch
at
Agrippas
greatnes
;
and
to
beare
a
vigilant
eye
on
his
plots
and
actions
.
Contrary
Agrippa
unwilling
to
offend
him
,
under
whose
future
government
hee
was
in
all
likelyhood
to
end
the
rest
of
his
daies
;
with
much
adoe
obteyned
leave
to
retire
unto
Lesbos
;
that
so
his
absence
eyther
might
allay
,
or
remove
the
displeasure
,
conceived
against
him
by
the
young
Prince
.
An
action
full
of
wisedome
&
magnanimity
.
For
though
Augustus
cheef
end
was
,
to
discountenance
the
popular
dependancies
of
his
sonne
,
by
the
favours
heaped
upon
his
servant
:
Yet
did
Agrippa
know
,
that
a
Favorite
ought
to
have
so
much
in
him
of
the
Persian
Religion
,
as
to
worship
the
Rising
Sunne
,
and
that
hee
should
resemble
old
Ianus
with
the
two
faces
;
with
th'one
looking
on
the
King
Regnant
;
with
th'
other
,
on
the
Prince
successive
.
LXVIII
.
MArcellus
being
dead
,
Agrippa
returning
married
his
Widdow
;
and
on
her
begat
two
sonnes
,
Caius
and
Lucius
,
whose
actions
afterward
afforded
such
variety
for
censure
,
that
there
was
wanting
neither
much
reason
to
commend
,
nor
little
to
reprove
them
.
On
these
two
,
or
at
the
least
one
of
them
,
Augustus
now
growne
aged
,
resolves
to
settle
the
estate
,
and
if
they
failed
,
upon
such
others
,
as
by
the
liberty
of
the
Lawes
,
he
might
adopt
:
Adoption
;
in
the
estimation
of
the
Roman
Lawes
,
being
indeed
an
other
nature
.
Posterity
whether
it
be
naturall
,
or
onely
legall
,
is
the
best
supporter
of
the
Armes
Imperiall
,
Such
as
both
fortifies
the
Prince
,
and
assures
the
subject
.
Yet
this
he
did
not
without
much
reluctancy
&
a
great
conflict
in
his
mind
.
Sometimes
his
thoughts
suggested
to
him
,
that
the
designed
Successors
draw
to
them
all
the
attendance
,
and
respect
,
from
the
Prince
in
possession
:
that
they
have
alwaies
a
lingring
desire
,
to
be
actually
seated
in
the
Throne
:
That
they
suppose
the
life
of
the
present
Prince
,
too
tedious
;
not
caring
by
what
means
it
were
shortned
:
That
sometime
it
is
pernicious
,
yea
even
to
the
appointed
Successor
himselfe
also
.
On
the
other
side
,
his
better
thoughts
prompted
him
to
consider
,
in
what
a
miserable
distraction
he
should
leave
the
Empire
;
if
sodaine
death
should
take
from
him
an
ability
to
nominate
his
heyre
:
The
feare
conceived
in
the
whole
City
,
at
his
last
sicknes
:
that
Pyrrhus
of
Epirus
,
was
of
all
hands
condemned
,
for
leaving
his
Kingdome
to
the
sharpest
sword
;
That
the
Common-wealth
falne
into
dissentions
,
could
not
be
setled
againe
without
a
lamentable
war
,
&
a
bloudy
victory
:
That
the
people
seeing
him
and
childish
,
would
not
only
contemne
him
,
but
perhaps
,
endeavor
to
recover
the
old
liberty
;
though
with
the
ruine
of
the
State
:
That
it
was
the
custome
of
Tyrants
,
to
desire
the
eternizing
of
their
deaths
,
by
the
downfall
of
their
Countries
.
LXIX
.
HIs
minde
thus
distracted
and
perplexed
,
at
last
he
brake
,
in
this
manner
.
Thou
hast
Octavian
a
Wolfe
by
the
eares
;
which
to
hold
still
,
or
to
let
goe
,
is
alike
dangerous
.
Many
inconveniences
may
ensue
,
if
thou
dost
not
declare
thy
Successor
;
More
,
if
thou
dost
.
The
good
of
the
Republique
,
consisteth
in
knowing
the
future
Prince
Thine
owne
welfare
dependeth
on
the
concealement
.
The
Common
good
is
to
be
preferred
before
any
private
;
Yet
ought
Charity
to
begin
at
home
.
No
,
Octavian
no
;
As
thou
hast
receiv'd
,
so
shew
thy selfe
worthy
of
,
the
title
of
Pater
Patriae
.
Yea
,
and
perhaps
this
designation
may
secure
thine
owne
Estate
.
For
what
will
it
profit
the
people
,
to
contest
with
thee
when
they
shall
see
a
successor
at
hand
,
eyther
of
thine
owne
body
,
or
thine
own
appointment
,
ready
to
take
thy
place
,
and
revenge
thy
wrongs
?
LXX
.
THus
resolved
,
he
adopteth
Caius
and
Lucius
;
desiring
,
though
he
made
shew
to
the
contrary
,
they
should
be
Consuls
Elect
,
and
called
Princes
of
the
Youth
.
Yet
wisely
fore-casting
the
dangers
incident
to
himselfe
,
if
they
should
make
their
abode
in
Rome
;
he
sendeth
them
with
honourable
charge
,
into
the
Provinces
abroad
:
as
well
to
exercise
them
in
feates
of
Warre
,
as
to
take
away
all
cause
of
faction
in
the
Court
,
and
sedition
in
the
Citty
.
Which
mystery
of
State
as
it
was
anciently
practised
by
most
Princes
,
so
at
this
day
by
the
Grand
Seigneur
:
who
alwayes
sendeth
his
eldest
sonne
unto
Amasia
,
as
Governour
thereof
;
from
whence
,
till
the
death
of
his
Father
,
he
never
returneth
.
In
these
journeyes
dyed
the
2.
young
Princes
,
a
mishap
which
Augustus
bare
Nobly
:
neither
banishing
griefe
,
with
a
Stoicall
Apathy
;
nor
spending
the
time
in
womanish
lamentations
.
having
performed
due
rights
to
the
dead
,
he
adopted
his
Wives
sonne
Tiberius
:
A
man
for
the
conveniency
and
ripenes
of
his
age
,
not
unfit
,
in
feates
of
Armes
not
unexpert
;
in
humane
learning
not
ignorant
:
but
withall
suspected
to
be
cruelly
given
,
and
possessed
with
the
hereditary
pride
of
the
Claudian
family
:
A
strong
medley
of
vertuous
and
vicious
qualities
.
Tiberius
such
was
the
will
of
his
Father
,
to
establish
the
succession
,
with
more
stayes
than
one
,
adopted
Germanicus
,
his
brother
Drusus
sonne
;
Then
commanding
over
8.
Legions
in
Germany
,
which
done
,
he
speedeth
to
his
charge
in
Illyricum
:
This
man
,
Augustus
appointed
to
be
his
heyre
,
as
it
was
afterwards
,
&
not
improbability
conjectured
:
neither
in
care
to
the
State
,
nor
in
love
to
the
party
:
but
to
win
honour
to
himselfe
,
and
to
make
the
Roman
people
,
againe
wish
for
him
;
when
they
should
see
that
infinite
disproportion
in
all
royall
and
Kingly
qualities
,
between
the
old
and
new
Emperors
.
A
fetch
after
imitated
by
Tiberius
,
in
the
adoption
of
Caius
Caligula
.
LXXI
.
THe
last
(
though
not
the
least
)
helpe
of
the
Empires
establishment
;
was
the
long
life
and
reigne
of
our
Augustus
:
as
having
ruled
the
State
16.
yeares
before
,
and
44.
yeares
after
his
confirmation
,
in
the
Soveraignty
;
by
the
Senate
and
people
.
All
the
young
men
in
the
City
,
were
borne
after
the
first
Decennium
,
of
the
Monarchy
.
Most
of
the
old
men
during
the
Civill
wars
.
Few
had
seene
what
was
the
ancient
forme
of
Government
;
in
the
free
Commonwealth
;
Many
did
not
desire
it
.
For
at
the
present
,
enjoying
peace
both
at
home
&
abroad
,
&
hearing
what
sad
&
tragicall
reports
their
fathers
made
of
the
former
troubles
and
proscriptions
:
they
contented
themselves
with
the
new
government
;
as
more
esteeming
a
secure
and
happy
subiection
,
than
a
dangerous
and
factious
liberty
.
By
which
long
time
of
Empire
,
and
the
policies
already
recited
,
besides
many
others
,
which
I
can
neither
learne
by
Relations
,
nor
gather
by
presumptions
;
did
Augustus
so
firmely
settle
the
Roman
Monarchy
:
that
it
continued
many
hundreds
of
yeares
,
immoveable
&
vnaltered
;
though
all
his
immediate
successors
were
in
a
manner
Monsters
,
incarnate
divels
,
and
indeed
any
thing
rather
than
men
.
Tiberius
,
Caius
,
Claudius
,
Nero
,
Galba
Otho
,
and
Vitellius
,
both
by
their
owne
Tyrannies
,
and
their
Bondmens
extortion
,
would
haue
ruined
any
Monarchy
,
not
founded
by
Augustus
.
LXXII
.
TO
speake
concerning
the
domestical
affaires
of
this
Emperor
,
is
beyond
my
Theme
.
As
either
how
farre
he
suffered
himselfe
to
bee
ordered
,
by
his
Wife
Livia
,
or
whether
hee
used
variety
of
women
,
not
so
much
to
satisfie
a
disordinate
appetite
,
as
by
so
many
women
to
fish
out
the
secret
designes
of
many
men
.
Hee
was
too
exact
a
Statesman
to
be
perfect
in
Soldiery
:
and
in
all
his
wars
,
was
prosperous
by
fortune
rather
than
by
valor
,
or
his
Captaines
valour
,
than
his
owne
.
The
Common-wealth
which
hee
found
weake
and
in
Rubbish
;
he
left
Adamantine
,
and
invincible
.
In
behaviour
he
was
affable
,
and
gracious
;
in
his
discourse
sentencious
:
to
the
good
,
of
a
most
sweet
disposition
;
to
the
lewd
and
dishonest
,
harsh
and
unpleasant
,
Friendship
he
contracted
with
few
,
and
that
slowly
;
but
to
them
,
whom
hee
once
loved
,
constant
and
bountifull
to
the
last
.
Finally
such
a
one
he
was
,
of
whom
I
will
only
say
what
I
find
spoken
of
Severus
.
It
had
beene
an
ineffable
benefit
to
the
Common-wealth
of
Rome
,
if
eyther
he
had
never
dyed
,
or
never
beene
borne
.
FINIS
.