The benefit of the auncient bathes of Buckstones vvhich cureth most greeuous sicknesses, neuer before published: / compiled by Iohn Iones phisition. At the Kings Mede nigh Darby. Anno salutis 1572. Seene and alowed acording to the order appointed.

¶ A Description of the wonderfull vertue of the Bathes at Buckstone .

EVEN as , in our former Treatise , of the Bathes of Bathe , we haue shewed the antiquitie , comoditie , propertie , vse , dyete , Aphorismes , & medicines , with all thinges requisite , in our iudgement , for to bée noted and obserued of all such as ther intend ( through knowledge ) to séeke any benefite . So , now it resteth that in this Treatice wée expresse lykewise the Benefyte of Buckstons Bathes , or Welles , in the hygh Peke , in the Countie of Darby , ten myles from the woorthie Edifices , Chatsworth .16 . myles from Manchester .16 . myles from Market Chester field .20 . from Darby , 30. from the famouse and auncient Citie Westchester , 30. from the Citie of Lychfield , 30. from Stafford .

Of the origine , of the name , and why it was called Buckstons well , I neyther could reade it in any Authour , nor heare of any as yet . This is asmuch , as I suppose , may bée gathered thereof , that it hath the name of the Towne : and the Towne lykewyse hath the name of some one so called ( for of such there bée diuers ) and the Danes and Saxons , aswell as the Britaynes were wont to name their townes after their own names , as it is euident of very many places in this lande : and a Saxon , or English name it is , and no Brittish , or Welsh : And therefore , sithence Engistus , it hath his denomination . Howbeit , many yeares past , it was frequented for the health of thousandes , by bathing them : aswell as it is in these our dayes . For , betwéene Burghe and it , there is an high way forced ouer the moores , all paued , Buckstones Bathes of great antiquitie . of such antiquity as none can expresse , called Bathgate : albée it more of a superstitiouse hope they had in thywell , than of any affiance thei had in the qualitie , temperature , or property of the Bath : for of it and the vse therof , they were ignorant .

Moreouer , It is not vnlikely that the stagges or buckes wounded , would take soyle ther , and there the fosters of the forrest , called it Buckstand : but in my iudgement , the former supposition is more likely . And as for Cottrels tale , or the vayne inuencions about S. Aune found in the well , or of the water fet from flood Iordan . I recken not them worthy the recitall . Therefore , I will not detayne you with suche tryfles , our dayes being so short : and the reason of the arte , so hard to attayne , ( as Hypocrates , 1. lib . Aph. primo sayeth ) passing ouer , the distinction of bathes here in this Treatise , and definition of artificiall : bicause in my first booke of the Bathes of Bathe , they be shewed , contenting vs with the naturall .

Naturall bathes be those , which flow throw the entralles of the earth : taking their effect of such things , as they runne thorow , Signification of Bathes . and receyue power by : for many infirmities moste auaylable . The differences of which hose naturall Bathes of Buckstone , by what meanes , of what mynerals , for what gréefes , infirmities , and sicknes they serue best , shal be prosecuted with all possible breuity , as far foorth as herein my iudgement is necessary : séeing that in our seconde Booke of Bathes ayde , you may find such things sufficiently skanned : and therefore vnnéedfull here of repeticion .

First of the chéefe Bathe which is the warmer springe , voyde in effect of all corrupcion , arguing therfore , no great quantitie of brimstone ( as in Bathe ) nor of allume , as some haue bruted . For then it should not onely bée of another collour , marly yellow , or swarty gréene : but also it might sensibly be perceyued by taste : albeit I acknowledge that Aristotle affirmeth , that there is no such hose spring , without the myne of brymston And I think with Fal . & Sauona . Rubr . de therm . Falopius li. de Soss . none without firie heat : although the quantitie may differ : and that may wel appeare . For if the quantitie were equal and like to the mynerals in Bath , the heat of as great force , fortified with like Antiparistasis , and as néere to the head , then it should little in that respect , vary from Bathe . But it séemeth & sure it is so , that Buckstons bathes haue not the fourth part of that heate which the bathes of Bathe haue , nor the other mynerals that bée ther . For Buckstons is much like as if a quart of boyling water were commixed with a galond of cold water . But Bath is , as if too a galond of séething water were put a quart of cold water . By reason wherof , it attrecteth and dissolueth more spéedly . But buckstone more swéetly , more delicatly , more finely , more daintly , and more temperatly : not bringing halfe so many gréeuouse accidentes as Bath doth , yit lesse spéedly : but in processe of tyme , very effectuousely , and for many infirmities , No greuous accident folowing Bucstones Baths more commodiously , restrayninge vnnaturall issues , and strengthning the féeble members : assisting the animall , vitall , and naturall faculties : dispersing opilacions , and qualifying gréefes .

The well springes be situate in a valley , hard by a running brooke , and runneth into it . Where at the méeting you may sensibly percegue and féele the hot water on the one syde of the riuer , and the colde on the other . Notwithstanding , so commixed after , that it letteth the riuer of fresshing , in the coldest weather , for the space of a quarter of a myle , an argument of the power of the heate of those springes which be thrée especiall , and those very excellent , and beneficiall for diuers distemperatures , gréefes and sicknesses , iij cheefe Bathes at Buckstone as hereafter shal be further shewed , God assisting .

But there be fiue or fixe other , although not so good : yet it maye bée presupposed , that if there were boryers , suche as mynerall men vse in searching ore : too meete with the Springes , of somme of the other , that the colde water , which is commixed wyth the hote , myght bée turned away : that then no doubt , The running of the springs in the baths of Buckstone . they would bée more excellent . For that the more cold infirmities , might be cured by them , béeing made more hot . For vndoutedly , as myne one foote should steppe on the hot spring , the other would light on a colde : yea the one finger , I might put in the one , and another in the other , especially in those below . Howbeit , you may find in any some alteration , albeit not so much by a greate deale .

Ioyning to the chéefe springe , betwene the riuer , and the Bathe , is a very goodly house , foure square , foure stories hye , A goodly house and buildings of the Earle of Shrewsbury vppon the bathes syde . so well compacte , with houses of office , beneath and aboue , & round about , with a great chambre , and other goodly lodgings , to the number of . 30 : that it is and wilbée a bewty to behold : & very notable for the honorable and worshipfull , that shal néede to repaire thither : as also for other . Yea , the porest shal haue lodgings , & beds hard by , for their vses only . The baths also so brauely beutified with seats round about : defended from the ambyent ayre : and chimneys for fyre , to ayre your garmintes in the Bathes syde , and other necessaries most decent . And truely , I suppose that if there were for the sicke a Sanctuarie , during their abode there , for all causes , sauing sacriledge , treason , murther , burglary , rape and robbing by the hye way syde , A sanctuary . market . Fayre . A license to eate flesh would doo well . with also a lycense for the sicke , to eate fleshe at all tymes , and a fryday market wéekely , and twoo fayres yéerely , it should be to the posterities , not onely commodiouse , but also to the Prince great honour & gayne . It is situate in a goodly seate , and that in an excellent and hungry soyle , passing healthy , and in tyme would grow , to bée very welthy : and the commons about , would bée reduced to great fertilitie , for the ground on the one side is full of Lyme stones , bringing good grayne : on the other , a fyne black moulde , and a grosse . Great pitie , that such commons in all places be no better manured , séeing that infinite thousandes , in the realme , might the more bée maintayned ,

inserted picture representing the Hall and Well at Buxton, an inset to John Speed's 1610 map of Derbyshire Performed by John speede , and are to be sold in popes head Alley by Iohn Sudbury and G. Humble

BUXTON

Sainte Annes well

A Cold spring

not onely to the great preseruacion of the kingdom but also greater to the princes reuenewe . For foure partes ( I dare say ) of the land lyeth waste , and common , that might be brought to the publique profit , aswell to the increase of men , money , and municion : as , to the greater terrour of forrayne Dominion , how so euer ydle wittes vse to comon with a Shephardes cloke of their owne framing . Howbéeit , in winter it is somewhat stormie : but yet nothing lyke Kerby , Kendall , in Cumbreland : nor to Brecknocke in Southwales : nor to Kayer Neruame , in Northwales : nor to Bodnam in Cornewall : all the which notwithstanding , be goodly Townes , and wealthy , and through industrie , made to the state , very profitable , as in tyme no doubt , this would : hauing passing them ( as you may perceyue ) a thousand partes , a commoditie , vnto the whiche , out of all quarters of the worlde , not without iust cause , would repayre very many , and the rather a great deale being in this sorte furnished , to their benefyte , with a Phisicion , placed continually , that might not onely counsayle therein how the better to vse Gods benefyte : the which , God willing , A Phisicion entertaineth alwayes . shal be appointed , but also adapt theire bodyes , makinge artificiall Bathes , by vsing thereof , as the case shall requyre , with many other profitable deuyses , hauing all things for that vse , or any other , in a redinesse , for all the degrees , as before it bée longe , it shal be séene , of the noble Earles own performing . All these things layd and grounded , this resteth of vs further ( as it may ) to be discussed , whereof the Bathes take their benefite : and therevppon , what they ease and helpe , as dayly ther is approued , with other things thereto appertayning : the which be the markes we intend to runne at . By comparyson , they be like the pepper Bathe , besyde the heade of them Rhene ( as by Fuchsius , in Institucionibus , wée may gather ) sauing that the pepper Bathe ( sayth Munsterus , in Cosmographia sua ) continueth so longe , as the spryngginge hearbes , and grasse , doth remayne , in their florishing force , and vertue . But theise , so longe as the matter féedyng them , doe not fayle . And surely , the swéetnes and pleasantnes of the water , of the Bath : sheweth some excellent ore : rather then eyther Brimstone , allume , bitumen , iron , copper , or any other such like , for then , it should in drinking be perceyued , by tast . Of all which tastes , looke in my second booke , of Bathes ayde . Albeit trew it is ( as affirmeth Galen de sanit , tuenda ) all such hot Bathes , of such minerals haue force of drying : but in these , you shall find no such sence , but so farye , so pleasaunt , and delectable , that it would séeme , to be a dulce Bathe , made by arte , rather then by nature . How beit the effect declares Brimstone to be therein , and therfore I would haue this of you to be noted , A matter worth the noting . that salt water throw often straining , vpon fresh sand , is made again swéete , I meane tasteles : and so may other waters of other mineralles also , for the ayry part , being purified from the earthly , in this wise , or by Lymbeck returneth againe , too hys owne nature , and so this may : both for bycause the interne heate , is far distant ( as we haue said in another place ) and also , the water running from far , through the fayre sandy earth , may be purified from the sent , of the mineralles , and so lose his taste , and yet , not without greate vertues , both manyfest , and hidden , as you may perceyue , by that which is and shal be said . Séeing we graunt God ( Aristot , vniuersall nature ) hath bestowed vppon vs these Bathes , for our great benefite , if so be that , ther can be nothing ( as saith Galene de vsu partium ) which better , or more redily , taketh away distemperature , of heate , or cold actiue qualityes , or euacuateth , by the pores , the superfluous humores , then a dulce or pleasunt Bathe : or that also , maintayneth health more : for when as it is , by nature moyst , and moderately hot , Effectes of the Bathes . by humiditie , it humecteth dryeth , spronge of heate : by heate , it heateth ) cold , caused of congeling : by moderate closing , through dryeth , strengthneth the loosed : as by insensible perspiration , it mundifieth al partes , the which thing , is well proued dayly there .

Therefore , when the actions or vses of the partes bée depraued , diminished , or quyte abolished ( a woorke that shall shortely bée made speake Englishe : for that all men may knowe Gods meruaylous might in their framinge : and to what ende euery part serueth ) by any , of the aforesayde distemperatures , properly , or accidentally , not mortally : nothing more safely , nothinge more aptly , nothinge more delicately , reduceth them to their olde and pristinate actiuitie : then the dulce , or delectable Bathes , or Welles of Buckstone . For ( as Auicenne sayeth in Canon . ) the weake members be aswell strengthened with such medicines , as temperately heate , aboue their naturall propertie , as eased of their griefe , by qualifying the discrasie , in any or all of the partes . And this , it dooth by reason that it rarifyeth , aswell the partes , prouoketh expiration , and wypeth awaye fylth : as that it firmeth , ioyneth , and consolidateth the loose , weakened and seuered substance , of the simple , or compounde partes , measurably qualifyinge the ouerheated members , and drying , such as bée ouer moyste . Therefore good for all such diseases , How they be good . what sicknesses they cure . as come of ouermuch colde moysture , for chollerique , and salt humore parched , and compacte togyther , by which , wée may gather , that it is good for such .

Rheumes . Feuers . Headaches . Weak sinewes . Old scabbes . Ulcers . Crampes . Numnes . Itchinges . Shrinkings . Ryngwormes . Apostemes .

And for these diseases following , beside many of the gréefs mencioned in my first booke of Bath , which causes and accidents , I wish you to looke there : supposing at the first exployt , to be sufficient to note here those sicknesses , that may not only probably be coniectured : but also daily proued that those Welles helpe .

Women that by reason of ouermuch moisture , or contrary distemperature , bée vnapt to conceaue .

Also al such as haue their whites too abundant , and that bée ouer watry .

Item , weake men that bée vnfrutefull .

Likewise for all that haue Priapismus , and that bée perboyled in Venus gulf .

Profitable for such as haue the consumption of the Lungs .

Beneficiall for such as vomit blood , as hath bin well proued .

Very good for the inflammation of the Liner .

Excellent for ouermuch heat , and stopping of the reins .

Beneficiall to all such as be disquieted with burning of vrine .

Good for the Strangury , and continuall desire to make water .

Unordinary desire of going to the stoole , dooing nothing or very little with great payne , it cureth .

It stayeth wasting of mans séede , the Hemoroydes , and Pyles , it soone amendeth .

Against the ouerflowing of womens monthes , it muth auayleth .

It taketh away the Hicket .

Ouermuch vomiting it easeth .

It openeth the obstructions of the Milt and Liuer .

For them that be short winded , it much auaileth .

Fluxes of the Milt and Liuer , it maruelously amendeth

The gréene sicknesse perfectly it cureth , and the morphewe soone it expelleth .

From the stone it safely descenceth : and the healthy people in good state long it preserueth . Now , you that will repayre vnto the Bathes , for any of these infirmities , as also for others not named , and shall happen to come awaye vncured , I would not wishe you , forthwith to exclayme vppon God , and good men : bycause , by and by you were not healed , for some infirmities bée déeplyer rooted in the partes through prolonging of tyme , then that any remedy perhaps will extend to the redresse , as Amatus Lusitanus , in introitu medico ad aegrotantem , affirmeth : and therefore myne aduyce is , that such as be so assertayned of the Phisicions , that they thank God , as all godly and wyse men , from the beginning haue done : and let them praye and proue agayne , prayer best pleseth God and most profiteth man . and not sticke for any payne , cost , or trauayle . For what auayleth all the world , and a man to loose his owne lyfe ? sayeth Matthewe the Euangelist : or what pleasure , I pray you , hath a man in riches , pessessions , Nobilitie , Soueraintie ( worldly vanities ) when as in the world , his own body , is asperly assaulted with eatinge vlceres , deuouringe wolues , Helth the best wealth sharpe crampes , fretting bowelles , frantique fittes , and a thousand other , intollerable batteries . I thinke surely , then hée had rather be poore Codrus , in health , shifting for his porcion , then riche Mydas , so afflicted , wallowinge in drosse : whiche wée abusiuely call worldely wealth , when as very wealth , is health . For without health , all richesse is carefulnes , pleasure vnprofitable , company gréeuouse , The prety knowledge that the bookes of the Bathes of Bathe hath . in brief , all things odiouse . Wherfore take indication of thyne owne constitution , out of my tables in Bathes ayde , What is in them according to nature , what naturall , what not naturall , best for thy vse , and how agaynst nature thou art affected , that thou mayst be perfect , to shew Phisicions wherin thou art to request ayde , and not as the blind man , casteth his staffe , runne to it : but firste know what is in thee , according to nature amisse , by them agayne , to be amended : Of which ( God bée magnified ) there were neuer better , nor greater store in our lande , euen of our owne Nacion , than bée at this day : comparable ( I dare saye ) both for wysedom learning , and experience , to any in all Europe . Althoughe , ( I knowe not how ) some darnell is crepte in amongest the good corne , to the dishonour of our Creator , to the destruction of our Quéene hir Maiesties Subiectes , and to the great sclaunder of the arte of all other , ( as Montanus witnesseth in Anazena morborum ) farre the noblest . Inasmuch as lyfe & health of mans body excelleth all other things in the world . But , I will trouble you no longer with such their vanities , for our labor is ( if it may be ) wholy to your profit , in expressing a compendious discourse of diet , néedful to be considered .

The great effectes of dyet . Dyete of Galene is called , The vse of necessarie cause , in Epidemijs , of Auicenne good gouernance , and of vs , in our Tables in Bathes ayde , things not naturall , all one in meaning , cunningly handled of Aetius , who sayeth :

The surest way to the rootinge out of any sicknesse , is Diete . Affirming further , that by Diete long diseases finde most benefyte . The which thing also , Galene affirmeth , c . 8 . secundum loca , that distemperature onely , so is not healed , but also many great and gréeuouse sicknesses are by it cured . And therefore I would not wish any other meanes to be sought , where onely good diet dooth serue . The which thing Plato affirmeth in Timaeo , and after him Damascenus , in Aphorismis , and Arnoldus in parabolis : vtterly reiectinge such , as of Diete make none account .

To the vses of necessarie causes , thrée things are expedient to be wayed , qualitie , quantitie , and maner of order .

Qualitie is shewed by the constitucion of the sicknesse , which in things to be receiued Hippocrates hath made plain writing in this manner , 6. Epidemiorum . In sicknesse there must bée a contrarie Diete . Also , primo Aphorismorum , decimo sexto : Moyste Diete profyteth all persones troubled with a feuer : and especially children , and such as haue accustomed to lyue so .

But before wée procéede any further , it shall not bée vnnéedfull , to note vnto you , by the way , the tymes of sicknes vniuersall , which be foure : Beginning , Augmenting , state , Tymes of Sicknesses . and declining , as testifyeth Galene , libio de morborum temporibus , & primo de Crisibus .

Quantitie , is discryed by the knowledge of the force of constitucion of the sicknesse , of the tyme , of the particular encrease , and of the strength , of the party affected . If so bée , that the full dyete encreseth , strength , the meane preserueth it , and the slenderest deminisheth it .

Plentifull , is that which encreaseth the strength of nature , as that which is made of new layd egges , of Phisicall confections , and of such holsome meates , as shalbée hereafter mencioned .

The meane , or that which is neyther plentiful , nor sparing . Galene called a temperate Diet , as that which is done by fewe meates and such as bée of small nourishment , as is the iuice of Ptysane .

The slenderest is that which is appointed in the tyme of Crisis , which is , a soddayne alteration of nature , eyther into better or worse , as Galen defineth it lib . ter . praesagiorum comment . pri . & lib . secund . aphoris . comment . decimo tercio , & vicesimo tercio : & lib . pri . Epidemiorum , comment . 3. abstayning altogither , or taking something of least nourishment , as is Mellicratum . Therfore , if vertues or strengthes , haue their lawfull powers , and the chiefest force of the sicknes looked for of nature , it shal be lawful to vse a most slender diet .

But if the strength bée weake , it shall not bée conuenient , without great hurte , but rather , too adde so muche nourishement , as of the Strength is diminished .

For , euen as euacuation is made before concoction , the matter prouoked : so shall nourishement be had in a tyme not vsed to eate , to kéepe the strength from vtter fayling , as Auicen teacheth primiphen . quarto . Whereby it commeth to passe , that oftentymes in fittes , meates be giuen . And therfore sometime we must giue nourishment , in the shakinge of the fyt : the which thing , Galene testifyeth , de picrocholis , primo therapentites , 1. apho . com . 9. And sometyme , in the very burning of the fitte , that is when any gréeuouse accident happeneth , dissoluing the strength , nature not aggrauated : for where the powers shal be decayed , by reason of manyfest empting ( as the same Galen sheweth , ) or because of extreme sweat , dissoluing the strength , or else , by reason of ouerlong abstinence : all these thus affected , require nourishement most spéedily .

Contrariewise , they which by reason of gréefe , or bicause of the state of the sicknesse , haue the faculties not stronge , doo néede now and then euacuation rather , then filling : nay hée which giueth meate to such , is cause of great hurt , vntoo them . So much likely it is , that those which bée ignorant in Phisike , can appoynt what meates , or at what tymes , or what qualitie , or quantitie , to the sicke ought to be giuen . Hence it is made euident , that euery sicke persone doth not require nourishement .

In euery sharpe sicknes , a most slender dyet is required . In méeker sicknesses , a larger dyete may bée permitted .

In cronicke or longe diseases , we doo diminish the dyete , and very many of them , besydes feuers , are rid with a slender dyete , as Auicenne testifyeth , quarti phen . primo . And therefore in the curing of the frenche poxe , wée finde , the newe Diete is not profitable , The new dyet profitable . as Nicolaus massa in tractatusuo , de morbo Gallico , Iohannes Aliuenar de hic Hispanica , Benedictus Victorius , de morbo Neapolitano , Vldericus Huttonus , de morbo Gal. with infinite others , doo testifye .

In state of the sicknes , wée muste vse a more slender , dyet , yet first so plentiful , that it may suffice the sick . Whervppon Aristotle saith , Secundi Problemate , quinquagesimo secundo , in the beginning of the sickenes , it is good to gyue meate . Celsus , contrariwise affirmeth , abstinence in the beginning of the sickenes , to bée beste . But truely , the one is ment as ( I think ) of the time of sicknes vniuersall , and the other particuler , and of this mynd is Montinus , in compendio facultatis curatoriae .

By panges or fits the quantitie is altered : and in them it shalbée conuenient to abstayn , for it behoueth to giue nothing , to them that by cyrcuites haue fittes : except perchance when the fitte doth begin to leaue . For then must meates be geuen , when heate shall come euen vnto the féete . To conclude with Auicen in Quarto phen . pri . Sometyme wée take away nourishment , often tymes we doo deminish , somtyme we make euen , somtyme we do encrease .

It is wholly taken away , when we desire to empty humores , bycause of disgestion , as in state , and in very sharp sicknesses , and in them that bée of matter . But in leane persons , and such as haue Hectica Febris , and that be in consumpcions , it ought to be increased .

It is deminished , that the strength may bée by nourishment preserued to thend , that we may prouide for the matter , neyther ought nature too bée hindred with multitude of ouer much nourishment , as in augmenting , and in acute or sharp sickenesses , and in the cronike or long also , yet lesse then in the sharp . And it is deminished two wayes , for somtyme we are compelled to lessen the qualitie , and to encrease the quantity , as in Bolysmus that doggish appetyte . And often tymes we are constrayned to encrease the quality , and deminish the quantity , and when wée endeuour too strengthen the body , and the nature of the stomacke is not strong enough , for a fuller diete .

In the beginninges of sicknes , we do giue an euen dyet , which doth neyther augment , nor deminish the strength of the body . For first we must deale plenteously ( as Galen willeth primo ad Glanconem ) that the sicke may suffyce .

In declination we do encrease , for it behoueth too make encrease , lyke to the deminishing , which was afore in state . Therfore Galen doth teach Tercio artis paruae , that the arte which doth refresh , and strengthen , is conuenyent for them that be whole .

In sicknesses euen to be disgested , and in strong state , vse abstinence .

When the strength is weakned , and the sicknes hard to ouercome . Galen commendeth Pri . ad Glanc , to vse a larger dyet

The shewing of the manner of vse , is also taken of iiif . thinges afore said . For if the strength shal be weake , and the disposition be of corruption of humours , or of want of them , wée shall giue the sicke but a little nourishment , a little in deede : bycause his weakenesse , cannot sustaine at once , the whole multitude of nourishment . And often bicause the disposition néedeth many thinges : if so be that , wanting dooth néede adding , and corruption clensing .

If with weakenes of the vertues or strength , there shalbée neyther any wanting , nor any corruption , neyther yet lacke of naturall humoures , but that they shal abound , then we will giue fewe thinges , and seldome , and so much the rather , if the humours shall abound .

But if ther shal be want of humoures , or corruption , and the vertues strong , then we wil giue much meate , and often , as the disposition may requyre , and nature strong able to disgest it .

If the vertues , powers , or strength shal be strong , with a disposition of the pleurisy , then we wil giue seldome , and litle at once , bycause the preserued state dooth not neede much .

Furthermore , in Somer tyme , often sew things must be giuen : for that then the body néedeth much adding , as those which be dissolued , through vapoures ( as you haue hard ) and haue but a weake strength .

In the winter season , much may be giuen , by reason the actions be stronger , yet seldome , bycause the sicke doth not néede very much , adding as they to whom , there is not much euacuation made .

In the Spring , wée will nourish with fewe things , and that a long tyme : as also in full dispositions , if the powers bée stronge .

Haruest or Autumne is likened too disseases which are caused of corruption . Therfore they which therin be sicke of an ague ( of all which agues you may looke in my booke , entytuled , the Diall of Agues : the faultes wherein , escaped in the print , shal shortly be amended , with further matter ) do néed a continual adding of the best nourishement , if the vertues bée stronge . But if they bée weake , little at once , and oftentimes .

Lykewyse sayth Galene , 1. aphoris . commen . decimo septi . a man maye take indication of ages , custome , region , climates , &c. reducing them to the twoo first intentes , for the premisses , doo shew the body weak , or stronge : aboundinge , eyther with good humores , or lacking humores sufficient , or depraued with illenes of humors . Of which it is euident , that the force of the strength , sometimes ( as in diseases which grow throw corruption or want of humors , or else in Autumme ) requireth much meate and often : and many tymes litle and seldome , as in sharpe sicknesses . It is also euident ( to such as are expert in the Diatique part of phisicke ) when meat little , and often , much and often , little and seldome , much and seldome , is conueniently too bée gyuen too the sicke .

Therefore séeing this arte , of al artes is the chiefest , it is not the least parte of knowledge to appoint diete , as Galene vndecimo therap . sept . methodi medendi , iudgeth : who also commaundeth that wée shoulde appointe one kynde of Dyete , the indications agréeing , but then disagréeing , wée must preferre those which be stronger and most , so that the dyete , which they prescribe , be obserued , and the contrarie neglected .

In diseases vncurable , for the better sustayning , of the sicke when hée lyeth , a most light dyete in qualitie , contrarie to the infirmitie , and cause must bée prescribed . But by reason of the quantitie , for the onely respecte of the vertue , strength , or appetite , it is appoynted as though no disease were .

Nourishments wherof they spring . Now , all nourishementes , whereof Dyete consisteth , spring of the first commixtion of Elementes , and they bee eyther of séedes , plantes , or liuing thinges . For , as Fernelius saith , libro secundo , de abditis rerum causis : Nothinge can nourishe vs , which is not itselfe nourished , and endued with lyfe , and these bée . Certayne of these be simple , certayn compound : Some doo woorke in matter , some in qualitie , & matter , as sayth Dioscorides , de medica materia .

Of these , the one sorte be simple meates , of meane temperature , endued with no especiall qualitie .

The other be mixed , and are called Medicinable : bycause although they nourishe , yet in qualitie they doo alter and chaunge the body of the receyuer . Wherevppon there is of nourishments a double facultie : One by which they alter , the other by which they nourishe .

The former is knowen of collour , smell , and taste , and also of those things , which doo excell , applyed outwardly , or receyued inwardly .

The latter is knowen by no reason , but by experience onely : bycause the whole nature of the thing nourished , is a certein propriety to their substance , of Galen called a likenes 3. ther . By which reason nourishment is swéete , and pleasant in taste , and as the familiaritie of them , is by pleasantnes perceyued , so is the contrary by vnpleasantnesse tryed , if so be that those things which do differ from nourishment of their whole nature , are vnsauerily eaten .

Let ther be saith Galen . octo therap . in all sicknesses this foresight in dyet , that the meate be of good iuyce , and of easy digestion , bycause as Auicenne sayth Secund . Phen . quart . Euery person sick is hurt . Therfore of meates of euil iuyce euyll iuyce is gotten , Galen hath made manyfest , in lib . de Euchymia & Cacochymia , of how great force it is to engender sicknes .

Meates of strong nourishment . Meates which principally nourish , slowlyest perce , for such bée grosse and flimy , to the end they may stick fast , and not easely to be out breathed by vapour , but such as are hardly disgested .

Contrarily , such as swiftly perce be of subtile parts , brittle of substance , light of digestion , but of litle nourishment : Wherefore swift nutricion , as testifieth Galen . 3. de causis pulsuum dayly is not néedefull , as is that which is made by wyne which is hot and moyst . Of this , Hippocrates sayth , Libr . de alimentis . To recouer strength as in swooninges : of dyetes the moyste is principall , although yet soner by swelling ( as you may find in my iiij . booke of Bathes ayde , ) and also in them , whose partes be weake , ouerdryed with infirmity , that the nourishment may the better enter and bée drawen into them , of the which nourishmentes , it is hygh tyme that somthing be spoken .

Of graynes , of corne , is bred made , the diuersity wherof Athaenaeus libr . de honesta voluntate , Hermolans in corelario , haue expressed .

Best bread of wheat . The best bred is that which is made of wheat , well baked somewhat leauend , neyther to new nor to old , for the crased at al tymes helthiest .

But bread of dyuers graines , of diuers formes , in dyuers places be vsed . Some countryes make bread of cleane wheate , for the most part , as in Somersette Shyre , Rent , Lincolne , and Norfolke , some of beanes , and pease , as Leycestre Shyre , and in Nothingham Shyre the claye , of which reade Tussard his husbandry . Some of Rye , as in Urchenféeld , and in Stafford Shyre , some of Miscelling , or Muncorne , as in Worcester shyre , and Sallope . Some of Otes , as in Lanckashyre , Ches shyre , Cumberland , westmerland , and Cornewall . And some of big or winter beare , some of Lentyles , some of Fitches , some of Tares , some of French wheat , most in vse for Rustikes . And into diuers formes these graines may be reduced , some in forme of manchet vsed of the gentility : some of great loues , as is vsual among yoomanry-some betwene both , as with the franklings : some in forme of Cakes , as at weddings : some Rondes of Hogs , as at vpsittings : some Simnels , Cracknels , and Buns , as in the Lent : some in brode cakes , as the oten cakes in Rendoll on yrons : some on Slat stones as in the hye peke : some in frying pans , as in Darby Shyre : some betwene yrons , as wafrons : some in round cakes , as Bysket for the Ships . But these and all other the mayne bread of York excelleth , for that it is of the finest floure of the Wheat well tempered , best baked , a patterne , of all other the finest .

This largely handled , bycause , the others kindes , some haue preferred before that ( which is best ) of vs first appointed .

Thrist defined . Drink , the remedy of thirst , which is an appetite , of a thing cold and moyst : doth therfore eyther coole as vinegre , or moisten as wine , or worketh both as Oxicratum , or cold water ( as Pline affirmeth , lib . 28. Cap. 4.

Furthermore , drincke dooth eyther mightle the partes of the meate , or else conueyeth the meat through the whole body , as Ioanicius teacheth . It is of twoo kyndes , not nourishing as water , nourishing as wine , ale , béere , ptisane , what drink doth . &c.

The measure of drinke , is that which dooth neyther swimme on the stomacke , neyther bring any sense of ouerflowing , as testifyeth Galene , septimo methodi medendi : vtterly condemning all ryotous quaffing , a vice , nowe too commonly vsed .

The best drinke for the crased at Buckstone , is meane Ale , neyther to new , nor to stale , not ouerhepped .

Your fleshe shalbée most ordinarie , as followeth , Meates . mutton , Kyd , Conie , Rabbet , Ueale , Turky , Capon , Henne , Chicken , Phesiant , Partrich , Rayle , Curlyew , Cnotwype , Wodcocke , Snype , or any other clouen footed fowles , Poched egges , or rere rosted is also right nourishinge meates , as is aforesayd .

Some frutes admitted . Fruites , albéeit in most regimentes be forbidden , of these kyndes may be vsed , Almondes any way dressed , Raceines , Figges , Pomgranates , Quinces , Wardens , and Chestnuttes rosted , Ryce , Marmalad , Greene Gynger . So may confortatiues , conserues , or cordial Confections , or to them that haue cold diseases , or bée of a cold constitution . Wynes of these kyndes may bée permitted , as a cuppe of Sacke and Sugar , if the disease doo not forbid it , or of good Gascoyne wyne , to them that be leane , with Sugar , or whyte Mamulsyes of Madera , a myas of good Ale , a cawdell , Kindes of wine tolerable . or Alebury , althogh afore in the generall dyet I haue not touched it .

Moreouer , fishes following may bée permitted , although license be obtained , Trught , Creuis , Breame , Barble , Cheuion , Perch , Rotche , Bret , Gurnet , Whyting , Smelt , Cod , Myllers Thombe , Bully head , Loche , &c.

Meales ordred . Now for your meates , they wil be best at x . or xi . a clock , if you can fast so long : if not , take some small refection before you go into the Bath , or not long after you come out , if you enter not into your bed , nor receyue any medicine .

Your houre of supper shal be about sixe of the clocke : but after I would haue you to vse no meate that night , nor yet drinke , if you can abstayne .

Alwayes prouided , first when you come thither , bicause the ayre is farre colder and more sharpe then in any part of the South , More cloths at Buckston then at Bath . that you bée well clothed : Hauing also good fyre : especially tender persons , and such as haue ben brought vp in the South cities , and they whose pores bée open , albeéeit the ayre there is very wholesome , as that which is pure , infected neyther with exhalacion of standing pooles , & ditches , as is Brynt marsh in Sommerset shyre , or the Fens in Lincoln shyre , ayre very holsome . or Houldernes in Yorke shyre , neyther with any pestilent ayre , as were those déepe holes about Sardis , and Hyerapolis , mencioned of Galene , secundo de tuenda valetudine . Neyther with such euill ayre as issueth foorth of Lodes , Synckes , Sewers , and draynes , as about the Fléete bridge , Holburne bridge , Towre ditche , and Brydewell , at London , &c. Neyther with such , as commeth of Hempy grounds , as in Holland : neyther with such as come out of great meres , compassed on euery syde , with the hilles , as in diuers partes of Cumbreland : neyther with such as commeth of houses fulsomely kept , as in Irelande , slaughter houses , and Shambles . All which ayres bée hurtfull too all ages , as contrarily , that which is pure , as is at Buckstone , is to all most profitable . But the diuersitie of ayre whiche happeneth of dryeth or moysture , heate or cold , it is not of it selfe to all alyke , but to such as bée of the best temperature the best tempered ayre is most holesome . But in those , in whom any abounding qualitie hath soueraingtie , the ayre which is most against that qualitie , is to them most profytable , the colde to the hote , the hote to the colde , the moyst to the drye , the dry to the moyst , as it is reason . So much more as the moysture hath excéeded meane , & this to haue vnderstanded , in this place , bréefly may suffice . For how you may defend you from the colde ayre , that enuironeth you there , is with sufficient garmentes & good fyre , as is afore expressed . Furthermore , you maye vse a more large Dyete at Buckstons then at Bathe .

But first , wée will somewhat entreate of exercise , which shall take place afore meat : profitable exercises before meat for so Hippo . hath appointed in his Aphorismes saying : Labour must goe before meate : also in his vi . Booke de morbis popularibus , hée hath these woordes in order , labour , meate , drinke , sléepe , &c. shalbee meane . But , whether labour , moouing , and exercyse bée all one , or doo differ in themselues , shall appeare . Euery moouing truly , shall not bée an exercise , Vehement and not vehement exercyse . Exercises definid . but that whiche is vehement , and that which in some is vehement , may in other be thought to be but an exercyse : to the other some not . Therfore , the ende of this vehement , shal be alteration of breath : séeing in whom there is no alteration of breath , it is not to be called an exercyse . The which thing Galene testifyeth , libro secundo , de sanitate tuenda .

Vtilitie of exercyses is double : one to the euacuation of excrementes : the other , to the conseruacion of the state of the body . For of vehement moouing , thrée things are obtayned : Hardnes of the parts through dayly exercise : Encrease of naturall heate , and a Swift moouing of the breath .

By hardnes of the partes , they be losse affected with labour . By encrease of heat , not onely mighty attraction , is caused in the body , but also a spéedier alteracion , a better nutricion , and a perfecter distribucion into all the partes . By benefyte wherof the solide partes be kept softe , and the moyst be thynned , and the small wayes of the whole body , be made more loose .

But of the more vehement force , of the breath , followeth necessarily , all the meaptes to be clenzed . Nowe , if exercise woork this , with very many more , as the clensinge of the excrementes of all the bodye , at large expressed of Galene in his workes de sanitate tuenda . It shall not be vnprofitable to appoint the tyme and measure of it . And bicause it helpeth disgestion , it ought not bée vsed , when multitude of raw meate is conteyned in the vessels , least it might bring great daunger vnto the state of good health , and further encrease the gréefes of the sicke , by augmenting of iuyce before it were ( as is sayd ) altered perfectly . So that the exercise is best which is before meat : if so be that the bodyes which be vnpure , and vnpurged of commune excrementes , the more you nourish them , the more you hurt them : Of this , I suppose it is euident , that the time for exercise is best , when the last days meat is disgested with a double concoction , aswell that which is in the stomacke , as that whiche is in the vessels of bloode : for then the tyme of meat , agayne draweth nye : and if you vse exercise sooner , or later , you shall eyther fill the body with rawe humoures , or encrease pale choller .

When you shal beginne any exercise , your bryne , state , or water may serue for a good note . A rule to know when exercyse shuld begin For if it bée ( sayeth Galene 2. de tuenda sanit . ) like cleare runninge water , it shall shew the iuyce yet to be rawe . But if it be higher , then ambre or betwene it and iacincte , yellowish or chollerique red , it shall shewe the iuyce to bée digested longe before , sayeth Aegidius , de iudicijs vrinarum . That which is yellowish , or pale , sheweth the second concoction to bée finished , as sayeth Actuarius , in lib . de vrinis . But if the vrine shall not be mixed with chollour ( as is aforesayde ) it shall séeme watery , thinne , and cléere . But if it shall haue receyued more of the chollorique substance , then enough , it shall appeare red sayeth Montanus , lib . de vtlnarum iudiciis . Wherefore when it is méenely redde , or méenely yellow , then is exercyse too bée vsed : but the excrementes first expelled , aswell ordure , as vryne : for so Galene secund . de sanitat . tuend . willeth .

To the sickly , small exercyse will serue , by reason of féeblenesse , not able too suffer pantynge , neyther verily so violent for them shalbée requysite . But if their strength will sustayne it , an exercyse conuenient for theyr callinge , shalbée vsed .

Trol in Madam . The Ladyes , Gentle Woomen , Wyues , and Maydes , maye in one of the Galleries walke : and if the weather bée not aggréeable too theire expectacion , they may haue in the ende of a Benche , eleuen holes made , intoo the which to trowle pummetes , or Bowles of leade , bigge , little , or meane , or also , of Copper , Tynne , Woode , eyther vyolent , or softe , after their owne discretion , the pastyme Troule in Madame is termed .

Lykewyse , men féeble , the same may also practise , in another Gallery , of the newe buyldinges , and this , dooth not only strengthen the stomack , and vpper parts aboue the mydryfe , or wast : but also the middle partes beneath the sharp Gristle and the extreme partes , as the handes , and legges , according to the wayght of the thing trouled , fast , soft or meane .

In lyke manner , bowling in allayes , the weather conuenient , and the bowles fitte to suche game , Bowling . as eyther in playne or longe allayes , or in suche as haue Cranckes with halfe bowles , whiche is the fyner and gentler exercise .

Shootinge at Garden Buttes , too them whome it agréeth and pleaseth , Shoting the noblest exercyse . in place of Noblest exercyse standeth , and that rather wyth longe Bowe , than wyth Tyller , Stone bowe , or Crosse bowe . Albéeit , to them that otherwyse can not , by reason of gréefe , féeblenesse , or lacke of vse , they may bée allowed .

This practise of all other the manlyest , leaueth no part of the body vnexercised , the brest , backe , reynes , wast , and armes , withdrawing the thyghes , and legges , with running or going .

wind ball or yarne ball The wind baule , or yarne ball , betwene thrée or foure , shall not bée invtile to be vsed , in a place conuenient , eache kéeping their limite . For tossinge , wherein may bée a very profitable exercise , bycause at all tymes , they kéepe not the lyke force in stryking , so that they shalbée constrayned too vse more violent stretching , with swifter moouinge at one tyme , than another , which will make the exercise more nymble , and deliuer , both of hand and whole body : therefore encreasing of heat , through swift moouing in all partes the sooner .

Plumbes or weightes . Plumbetes , of Galene termed alteres , one borne in eche hand , vp and downe the stayers , galeries , or chambers , according to your strength , maye bée a good and profitable exercise : so may you vse wayghtes in lyke maner .

A fyne Hallyer or Bowe lyne , a soote or twoo hyer then a man may reache , Bow lyne , fastened in length , some way , shall not bée vnprofitable , holden by the handes , thereby to stretche them : very excellent aswell for stretchinge of the mydrife , interne panicles and wast , with all the rest of the partes , as also , to preserue and defend them from apostemes , obstructions , and paynes thereto incident .

These exercyse of your owne power , I thinke , for thys place sufficient . Nowe , wée will shewe howe they may bée profitable vnto you thorow others mouing , aswell by waggon , charriet , horselitter , and ryding , as by Cradle , and Chayor hanged , in sorte as to that vse may be best framed , all very profitable , as they may bée exercised : much , little , or meane , close , or open in the ayre , as to the parties shall bée requisite : taking tyme likewise in the vsing , swift , slowe , or meane , longe , short , or meane . And so likewyse in rocking by vice , or engyne : or on the floure which is more shaking . And therfore to them that may suffer it , more profitable .

The other good , to weaker persons , as that in frame , conueyed by pendent , from one to another , standing a sunder , according to the length of the engyne , thrée or iiij . fedome , drawen from them to the other , swift , slow , or meane , long , short or mean , as to the party shal be conuenient . Omitting other deuises , to oportunity , and Phisitions further discresion , as to their owne patients , shal be necessary , and decent . At large entreated , of Galen in his arte of mainteyning health , from the tender age of Infantes , vntill they become old men , liuing all their lyfe , in health , vntill their last age , and then dye without paine , whither you may resort , for your further contentacion , séeing our scope is , but of the benefite of bathing .

Before you enter the Bath , tary two or thrée dayes , aswell for resting of you , after your long trauayle , Rest before bathing . as also to acquaint you with the ayer , vsing some melody , the which thing Aesculapius worthily appointed , saith Galen , & in déed it refresheth the witte , encreaseth strength , and melancholy it putteth to flight .

Times of bathing , shal be both morning and euening , but after your exercyse , and purging , and altogyther , Bathing times best . before meat . And that when the Sonne is of a good hight , the misty exhallations , being into the second heauen attracted , the wether fayre , and in the somer season , as betwéene the béeginning of May , & the later end of September . Saying the praier in the later end of this booke , on your knées , either in the appointed places , or in your chamber , or on the Bathes side . But in pestilent seasons must vtterly be auoyded all Bathes Georgius Agricola Libro de peste , et Rasa Libro de peste .

In the hath you may tary ij . or . iij . houres , if you please , and in especiall if the cause , sicknesse , or gréefe requyre , and the body fit for it .

After you come forth , your clothes well ayred , your body well dryed , and especially your head , if the disease shall requyre , Bladders full of warm water . into your bed with two bladers full of the water , made hote on the fyre , the one apply vnder the arme holes , & the other in the twyste , and there sweate , as your strength will beare .

This done , drie your body ageyne , and rubbe it all ouer , as the infirmitie may requyre . Howbéeit not in euery one , vntyll the skynne be redde , but if such frycacion bée appointed , kéepe your bedde for two or thrée houres after , lest the small meaptes being opened , a soddaine alteracion may happen , of nature altogyther abhorred .

Force of frication . Fricacion hath force too loose , to binde , too encrease fleshe , and to diminishe it , sayeth Hippocrat . That is , the hard to bynde , the soft to loose , the much too diminshe , the meane to encrease fleshe . Howbeit , as may séeme , in Galene his tyme , diuers Gymnastickes inuentinge other innumerable differences of frications , wan great prayse : in so much that they were supposed , to haue founde out , concerning frycacions , more then Hippoc . himselfe , amongest whome then a Prince of the Gymnastyckes , wrote , in Gymnasticis , de differencijs frictionum , in this wyse : Amongest our preceptes of Frycacion , it séemeth good vnto vs , that the Qualities bée ioyned with the Quantitie .

For of them selues , they bée so vnperfecte , that no absolute effect , or successe , can procéede of them : bycause softe Frycacion for the Quantitie , néedeth a thréefolde operation . For , little dooth lightly make the sleshe slacke , and softe to bée handled .

Much dooth euaporate and dissolue : meane dooth fill with a loose , and flowing flesh . Lykewyse the harde , according to the manner of the Quantitie , dooth yéelde so manye effectes in number . For much dooth bynde the bodyes , and leaueth behynde something lyke to a Timon .

The meane dooth fill with fleshe , and the small dooth for the tyme , bringe rednesse in the ouer parte of the skynne . In which processe of woordes , hée contayneth sixe differences of Frycacion , thereby supposed , too haue spoken better , and more plentifully of Fricacion , then Hippocrat . himselfe .

But if more seriousely you ponder the woordes of Hippocrat . and not by the way ( as a dogge dooth water ) lightly taste of them , you shall easely fynde , that hée hath comprehende nyne differences , as maye appeare by this description .

Hard . Little . Much . Meane . Soft . Little . Much . Meane . Meane . Little . Much . Meane .

WHEN Theion had taught the firste sixe of these nyne coniugacions , which the description comprehendeth : Hée made no mencion at all of the other thrée , combating cruelly with him selfe : for if ther be a certayn middle , of the smal & great , which we cal mean , ther shal also be another middle of the soft and hard , which wée will call meane , and moderate . But , such Sophisticall cauillacions , in this woorke , we haue not determined to reproue , but rather howe health at Buckstone , is to be obtayned .

Medicines possessing power of euacuating , for the health of the costyfe , and of them that abound with corrupcion , aboue all exercises haue dominion : which in our fourth booke of Bathes ayde , more largely wée haue handled , here altoogyther not to be omitted , ( that in the absence of Phisicions may bée vsed ) regarde had to the constitucion of the bodye , manner of sicknes , and present state : remembring this also , that doses or qualities of medicines , great regard to be had in the dosis of medicines . are varyed , according to complexion , case , tyme , age , region , nature , sicknes , dyete , arte , and tymes mutacion , as affirmeth Auicenne in Canon . and Amatus Lusitanus , centuria prima .

Therefore , not possible to appoint a iust quantitie , these thinges , in euery person not considered : and bycause you are there in a colder climate , then is Bathe ( as I haue sayde ) you must make your Dose the greater , for the North persons require a greater and stronger force , to alter their nature , then the Southerne , for that theire bodyes bée more hard , by meanes whereof the naturall actions bée stronger , and will turne the medicine into nourishement . And wée call , all that a medicine , which hath power to alter nature , sayeth Montanus , commentario primo , de simplicium medicamentorum qualitatibus . For otherwyse it is not a medycine , but meat . Howbeit , Galene sayth , libro quinto , de sim . It maketh such iuyce , or humor , as it should haue expelled : so that it encreaseth rather sicknesse , then auoyde the cause . It shalbée good therefore , if you meane to vse them , a little to augmente the qualitie , as a fourth or fifth parte more , which will sufficiently tharpen them , as I haue often prooued . Howbeit , I had rather you should conferre wyth the learned , concerning the vse of my medicines , then vppon your owne skill receyue them , and yet all that I haue prescribed , bée voyde of venyme , and will not hurt , if they profyt not . But if they hée receyued according to my meaning , take no medicin without good aduise . they bée not onely of noble operation , but also of gentle force of purging . And purgacion , sayeth Galene , Comm . sec. primo Apho . is euacuation of humours , which doo molest with their qualitie . But purgacion is not onely gyuen , bycause of euill humoures abounding , but also by reason of the force of the sicknesse , and sometyme if supplyeth blood letting . For if the party bée weake , a gentle purge wil better serue , as may appeare , 4. therapentices , & quart . det . san . libris Galeni : for blood is the treasure of lyfe , not viciated .

Purgacion , according to Hippocrat . is a clensing which by nature or artificially by arte is made . Purgataons defined . Also there is a gentle purgacion , which euacuateth from all partes , and an other from the place onely affected , and this is eyther vniuersall , or particular , as Gentilis declareth , 1.3 .

The former of the whole body , but especially from the place suffering , the other from it onely . generall and perticular purging . Mesue calleth it an vniuersall purgacion , cap . de soda . Summa tercia , de medicinis aegritudinum cerebri , which euacuateth the matter , cause of gréefe , from the community of all , or of the most famouse partes , or of them which bée as it were myneralles , as the Lyuer of blood , the Galle of choller , stomacke of phleme , the mylte of splene of melancholly , or blacke choller . And particular hée calleth that , which bringeth matter , cluddered , lomped , or bagged , in any principall member , or parte : by the proper emunctuaries , as out of the head , by the nose , mouth , eares , eyes , palate , &c. But this particulare maye not bée preferred before the vniuersall , except it bée in fower cases , as either bycause the matter doth not much abound in quantitie , wherefore it may suffise , if it be brought from a parte of the emunctuaries of that member , in whiche the sicknesse is , or else , bycause the part from whence the matter is deriued is not strong in deliuering it , nor the part receyuing is not strong in resisting , or els bycause that part doth not receyue the community from the rest of the parts , or els bycause the body and other members are not fet vnder the Dominion of the matter , which causeth the dysease in that member .

Lykewyse ther is one purgation drawing backward , and another foreward , the former turneth to the contrary , the other asyde , as sayth Hippoc . Libro de Succis . and Galen . 4. Therali . de Vlceribus . Hence it is apparent , that purgacion of the belly , profiteth the most sorte greued with vlcers , as the same Hippoc affirmeth , ther is also one kynd of purgacion , that diminisheth , another that perfectly euacuateth all : The former diminisheth the sickenes , the later , wholly rooteth it out , and this is of twoo sortes , for eyther by one meanes , or other , it expelleth the filthy excrementes or else it diminisheth the fumity or iuyce hurtfull , as Conciliator saith Differencia , 116. and this is strong , weake , or meane , as which is caused of a laxatiue , strong , weake , or meane . Likewise some purgacion at once , worketh effectually , out of al the partes , and some by distaunce of tyme , or little and little . This maner Tralianus vseth in headaches , and ioyntaches , Mesue for melancholique humours , Auenzoar in long disseases , Auicennas in quotidian agues .

Corrupt humores weakeneth the strength . Therefore where through humoures corrupted , the lyfe , strength , force , power , or vertue is weake , Galen willeth to vacuat , clense , or empty , that which is euill , by little & little , & to reserue in order , that which is holsome , with curation , of hurtefull or vicious iuyce , of the Gréekes is called epikrasis , saith Galen nono therap . And Sirmesinos , Hippo . calleth meane emptings . libr . de artiensis , whether they be , by vomit or by stoole .

Likewyse we vse some purgation cuartiue , or healing , and to preuent a myschéeie suspected .

Differences of purgation , or clensing , are taken of the places by the which they are expelled , whether downward by stoole , or vpward by vomit , or by vrine , mouthes , sweat , Difference of purging . spitting , and snot , lewsing of the belly , draweth down from the vpper partes , and rooteth out from the lower partes .

Vomit bringeth to passe by contrary meanes , drawing , and emptyng .

Vryne clenzeth the superfluities which are contayned in the veynes , in the bunchy part of the Liuer , reynes , wayes of vrine & bladder : and sometyme those which are without the mydryfe . For Galen did sée the vomit of the lungers by vryne to be clenzed , and of the stomake , by the bowels : sweat clenzeth from all partes . Spitle onely with coughe , clenzeth that which is in the loose spaces of the brest .

Snot purgeth those superfluities , which are in the head .

The Canons and rules which it behoueth vs to obserue , shal be to leade that way whyther nature especially doth encline , in the sommer vpward , in the winter downward , as Hippo . commaundeth , Aphorismo quarto , and Gal. 1. ap . 21.

Wée purge leane persons and such as can easely vomyt , by the vpper wayes , auoyding winter . But in the Spring , Sommer , and Haruest , such as hardly vomyte , and bée of a leane constitution , purge downward , eschewing Sommer .

Such as haue the consumpcions of the Lunges , haue regard how ye purge vpward for feare of weakening the spirituall partes .

Such as haue the bottome of the belly thynne , weake bowels , or be bursten , take héed how yée purge downward , for it is daungerous .

Melancholique persons you may more safely purge by the lower wayes .

It is euill to purge much , such as haue the sluxe lyentery , ( slyding away of the meate vndigested ) by the vpper partes in sommer .

Sicknesses for lacke of purging . Gréefe about the hartstringes , signifyeth lacke of purgacion , by the vpper partes , and such as molest the nether partes downwarde .

If belly akynge shall chaunce to him that hath not a feuer , heauinesse of the knéees , gréefe of the loynes , & thyghs , it sheweth that they ought to be purged downward .

To conclude , euacuacion of the particular members , is made by Indication , taken of situacion , as Galene hath plenteously declared , tercio art . paruae . 2. ad Glanconem , sep . vnde . & tricesimo therapentices .

what sickenesses purging cureth . Galene , lib . de vi catarthica , affirmeth , that hée abated the tercian feuer melanchollique passions , frantique fittes , falling sicknesses , continuall headaches , paynes of ioyntes , goutes , and healed the sciatica , scauld heades , frettinge vlceres , wolues in the brest , and many daungerous pustles , of euill coloure , newe lepryes , cankers , and one whom , as hée had ben bored thorow the guttes ( which by other Phisicions vnexpert handling thrée monethes , waxed woorse and woorse ) with onely purgacion hée restored too health . Hée tooke away by purgacion , a womans fluxe , and other diseases of the matrice , and also dymnes of syght , opthalmia , the aposteme of the eye , by purgacion hée also cured in one day .

Therefore , purgacion hath ben gyuen accustomably , to staye booth distillations , and ouerflowinges . Hence it is , that Aetius lib . tercio , appoynteth it to bée vsed in certayne flixes , of the belly . All which effectes shewe , of what force purgacion is , learnedly gyuen : howsoeuer fooles doo abuse it , or disprayse it .

Meete times to purge . Tymes méete to purge , Hippo . 6. aph . taketh of the temperature , of the ayre enuironing vs. For as the ayre is altered so must your purgacion : and what ayre is at Buckstone , and howe your purgacion must bée altered , wée haue already expressed .

To whom soeuer ( sayeth hée ) letting of blood , is conuenient , or purgacion , the Spring is best , quarto Apho . quint . & sext .

Contrarywyse , in the dogge dayes , and before the dogge dayes , purging medicines be daungerous .

Moreouer , in the Sommer , wée gyue vometes , choller abounding in the stomacke . Contrarywyse , Celsus appointeth it in the winter , bycause the stomacke then is loden with fleme , lib . primo .

Galene did purge in the ende of the Spring , those which in Sommer were taken with a tercian feuer : and in the beginning of the Spring , those which thorowe grosenesse of humoures dyd fall into sicknesse , lib . de pur .

When to purge accoding to the Astronomers . Furthermore , tymes fitte for purgacion , maye bée taken of the influence of the Planetes , sayeth Hippo . libr . de diera . And Galene did choose the space betwéene the newe moone and the old , for drinking of Triacle , libr . de theriace , ad Pamphilium .

It is conuenient , that in gyuing purgacion , it bée obserserued , which thing Aetius lib . 3. & 1. th . and Halyabbas commaundeth . If so bée , that the force of medicines purginge , is dulled , when the moone shall bée ioyned with Iupiter , if wée beléeue Ptolome , in centiloq . But purginge medicines must bée gyuen when the moone is in a watery triplicity , hauing none aspect , commixtion , quadrature , or opposicion , with Saturne , Iupiter , or Mars . Concerning the which aske Councell of Ioannes de Monte regio , and the other Astrologians , but especially of Auicennes medicorum , and also of Almanackes , yearely made . Auerhois commendeth those which , although they bée whole , are purged euery seuenth yeare . And I commend those that be purged euery Spring , and fall , séeing seldome but at certayne tymes and circuites , diseases doo happen , or not farre from them . But with Auenzoar the election of tyme according too the Astronomers is not allowed , lib . secundi . Perhaps bicause the sick may perish while we abyde theyr elections .

Lastly of the preparation , of the body , and alteration of the humours , times of purgation , are to be receyued . For as Hippo . writeth , before the drinking of Elleborus ( bearfoote ) the body must be moystened , with much meat & rest . 6. epi . Further he saith , if you wil quikly purge him , that hath dronken Eleborus , it behoueth . that he washe , and eate : to washe the day before the receyuing of the purging medicyne , for lauing , bathing in swéete water , or washing , spreadeth abrode the humoures , and maketh the body more laxatiue and soft . And to eate such meates , as thinne , cut and seperate grosse , clamy and tough humours , and that do open the passages .

Again hée saith , bodies which shuld be purged , ought to be made flowing : Preparatures before purgations . & thei ar made flowing , as Ga . testifieth 3. ap . 9. By extenuating , & cutting of humoures , & by opening the wayes , by which the humours are drawen of the medicine . And when this is neglected , be sure purgations be hard and greuous , wherfore Auicenne dooth preferre thinning of the humour , and dylatation of the wayes that he shut , not only before purgation downeward , but also before vomite . Phe . 4.1

Hence it is , that preparatiues are vsed . Therfore to heale thinges disgested , and to moue thinges not raw , so that they enforce not ( and the most sort do not compell ) to be vttered , for the expulsion of raw humours , as Galen writeth primo apho . 22. doth cause ache of the belly , gnawing , & swoonings , and also , that nothing in effect worth the accompt , is expelled , séeing all raw humours be slow , and vnméete for mouings , by reason of rawnesse and colde , wherby it commeth to passe , that they also do scop all narow passages , by which the medicine ought to bée conueyed , and deliuered , therfore they be neyther brought out themselues , nor suffer other , as sayeth Auicen quarto , et Phen primo . Hence it is , that all long sicknesses grow .

Auicenne after conconction , before euacuation giueth things thinning .

Furthermore , coction must be loked first : especially in grosse , tough , and slimy humours , as Aetius teacheth Libro tercio . And in certayne chollerique infirmities , of thicke , and tough matter , as it is apparant with Galen , of the purgacion giuen for the yelow Iaundis , Libro devi Catarthica , et de constitucione artis Medicae . The which thing , also Tralianus doth vse , and against Rasis and Auicenne , but not likewise , for the whayey , thinne , and subtyle humoures , which as it séemeth too Aetius , are too bée purged foorthwith , in the beginning of the sicknesse .

Briefly , before concoction , a purgacion is conuenient , in my iudgement , the manyfest quality of the humor compelling the quantity and place , of this iudgement is Antylus , and also Manardus libri tricesimi , epistola prima .

In some the moouinge of nature , or of sicknesse , or of booth , dooth shewe the tyme of gyuing purgation .

To these , the strength of the sicke , the condicion of the ayre , and what thinges haue gone before , and are present , or belonge too bée purged , ( as Galene teacheth nono Therapentices , ) are too bée considered .

If so bée that apte moouinges are to bée holpen , and the depraued to be corrected . And it is depraued , if before concoction , nature doo euacuate , sayth Leouellus in practica sua .

Also , if by places not conuenient , and then it is too bée transferred , as affyrmeth Valescus in Philonio suo . And in diseases of swift moouing , it often happeneth in the beginning , that the rawe matter is euacuated , nature erringe , thorowe compulsion of sicknesse , as affirmeth Iohannes Ruellius . Which thinge , a skilfull Phisicion , soone knoweth

Purgacions , which may bée vsed without daunger , bée those which be compounded , Purgacions least dangerous . the hurtfull qualitie corrected , wherevppon wée may not so well vse simple medicines , sayeth Cardanus , de varietate rerum , although I brought in example , of Elleborus in the old tyme , which was permitted , when our bodyes were stronge , but not so nowe . For it behoueth ( sayeth hée ) for the most parte , in euery simple , eyther to qualifie the hurte , or to stunne the force , or too strengthen the weaknesse , or to correct the vnpleasantnesse . So vnlikely it is that any simple may aunswere to bée correspondent , for the curacion of sundrie affectes , whiche at once doo requyze diuers faculties , and at one instant , as is very learnedly sayde , of Celsus , and at large expressed of Montanus , in commentario de componendis medicamentis .

The rule of Galene therefore is , that as farre as it is lawfull , the medicine be made most pleasant , quarto de tuenda sanitate , peraduenture , according to that saying of Hippoc . The Phisicion ought to gratifye the sicke , in meates , drinkes , and medicines , sexto Epi . For in meate , there is a most excellent medicine , as he testifyeth . Wherefore Aetius doth mingle with meates , thinges which doo not onely soften and compresse the belly , making it smothe and slyppery , but also that haue force of drawing , as after bréefely shalbée expressed , of which thing s Ioannes a S. Amando , in concordant . Gal. and Matthaeus Graduensis , in gloss . super Ah. most wholesomely doo dispute .

Purgation for euery complection . Medicines méete to purge the chollerique complexion , or such as bée troubled with cholerique diseases , are these , consideration had to the thinges afore expressed , as Gardonius affirmeth in practica sua .

R. Electuarii de succo rosarum , ana . z . iii . misce .

Diaprunis , ana . z . iii . misce .

Take of the composicion , of the iuyce of roses .

Of the composicion of prunes , of eyther iii . drammes , myngle them .

For the phlegmatique complexion , or them that are vexed , with phlegmatique diseases .

R. Diaphaeniconis , z.v. misce .

Diacatholiconis , z . ii . misce .

Take of the Electuarie of dates , v. drams , of the vniuersall composicion , two drams , let them be myngled .

For the melanchollique complexion , or them that are vexed with diseases thereof .

R. Dia sennae lenitiiuae , ana . z.s . misce .

Confectionis hamech , ana . z.s . misce .

Take of the Lenitiue Electuary of Sene , of hameches confection , of eche halfe an ounce , mingle them .

Take in the morninge fastinge , in pocyll whay , made with ale , to purge choller . In pocyli whay made of whyte wyne , to purge fleme . In pocyll whay , made of Gotes milk , for melancholly , receyuing a little warme brothe , within halfe an hower after , eating after that , nothinge vntill vij . or viii . howres be expyred , and kéeping the house , as Bachanellus willeth , lib . de consensu medicorum in curandis morbis .

A Glyster of blessed operation for noble complexions which gently euacuateth phleme and blacke choller , & genttly expelleth wynd , Excellent good glisters . and greatly auayleth agaynst the collick and gréefe of the bowels .

R. Anize . ana . z . ii .

Croci , ana . z . ii .

Polipodii triti , bulliant cum aquae lactis caprarum , libris quinque , & dissolue .

Hierae picrae , z . i .

Mellis , z . i .

Salis , z . i .

Olei violacei , z . ii . misce secundum artem .

Take Okeferne rootes , Anyse séedes , Brused Safron , of eche two vnces , boyled in fyne pyntes , of the whay of gotes milck , to the fourth part , into the which you shall dissolue , of Hiera piera one vnce , of hony two vnces , salt an vnce , oyle of violeis , twoo vnces , gyuing one after another , if néed requyre , for it will serue for thrée of fewre doses .

Another to prouoke vryne , and to open stoppings .

R. Aquae lactis caprarum lib . d . in qua bulliat anisi puluerizati vn . i . d . quibus addes olei violacei . vn . ii .

Take whay of Gotes mylke a pynt and an halfe , wherin let boyle of a walme or two , of anyse séede lightly brayed . ii . vnces , to the which adde of oyle of violettes , two vnces .

Another good to purge choller , and to mundifie the bloode with all the rest of the humoures in generall .

R. Maluae , ana . manip . i .

Althaeae , ana . manip . i .

Atriplicis , ana . manip . i .

Mercurialis , ana . manip . i .

Acanthi , ana . manip . i .

Seminis Lini , ana . z . ii .

Foenigraeci , ana . z . ii .

Coquantur ad tercias , & colo diffundantur , accipiaturque .

Furis decocti , lib . i .

Medullae cassiae fistularis , vnce i .

Hierae picrae , s.d.

Mellis rosacei colo transfusi , z . iii . s.d .

Olei ex olinis expressi . s . iij .

Salis vulgaris , z.i.s.d.

Commixtis omnibus , fiat enema .

Take of Mallowes , Holyhocke , Orage , Mercury , swéete bryer , of euery one one handfull , lene séede , fenygréeke ; of eche two drammes , boyle all in a quart of running water , vnto the third part , then strayne them , and take of the broth boyled , one pynte , of the pyth of Cassi fistulae , one vnce , of Hiera picra i . half vnce , of hony of roses strayned , iii . drams , and an halfe , of oyle pressed out of olyues iii . vnces , of salt , i . dramme , and an halfe , of all myngled togyther , let there bée made a Clyster .

Good Iewels good chepe . Fyner Iewels , further fet , déerer bought , lesse in quantitie , stronger in qualitie , more daungerous for the body , I could haue appoynted many thousandes : but bycause these are comune , of small pryce , euery where with the Apotecaries to be had , & without daunger will doo their office , I trust they may serue for the poorer sort that are not of abilitie , too retayne counsaylours in phisicke , the riche , I wysh to resort to the learned Phisicions .

Slypery meates which rather make the bodye soluble , than doo bynd , are these , as at large is expressed of Aegineta ,

Meates soluble or slippery . Flesh of lambe , veale , pygge , fat capons , chickens , and all fat and moyst meates , rather boyled then rosted or baked .

Butter , mylke , breade not to drie baked nor too stale , béere of meane age , wyne with suggar ynough , swéet fruits , & rype , as damaske prunes , cheryes , raceynes , damsons , &c. Of herbes for your brothes and pocylles , mallowes , cychorye , endyue , vyolettes , pacyence , fumetory , and centaury a little quantitie , some vse , which will not onely make the broth to bytter , but also molest the body as doth sene , fill it with wynd , and weaken the stomacke sayth Mathiolus Senensis , super Diasco . and Mesue lib . de simplicibus . and as dayly experience proueth . Tariance at Buckstone . All these thinges needfull , considered and obserued , for the xiiii . xx . or xi . dayes , you remayne there , and after you come thence , one moneth at the least , if your disease requyze it , kéepe the especiall Victus , expressed , but after you may returne to your former trade of lyfe , not hurtfull , so that alway prouyded , the day of your comming thither , bée noted , before you enter into the Bathes , and the day of your departure , with the country of your habitation , condition or calling , A register booke . A rate for the treasure of the poore with the infirmityes , or cause you came for , in the regyster booke kept of the warden of the Bath , or the Phisition that ther shal be appointed , & the benefite you receyued , paying foure pence for the recording , and euery Yeoman besides , xij . pence , euery Gentleman iij . shillinges . Euery Esquior . iij . s . iiij . d . Euery Knight , vj . s . viij . d . Euery Lord , & Baron , x . s . Euery Uicount , xiij . s . iiij . d . Euery Erle , xx . s . Euery Marques , xxx . s . Euery Duke , iij . pound x . s . Euery Archbishop . v. l. Euery Bishop xl . s . Euery Iudge . xx . s . Euery Doctour , and Sargeant of lawe . x . s . Euery chauncellor , and vtter Barrister , vi . s . viij . d . Euery Archdeacon , Prebendary , and Canon , v. s. Euery Mynister , xij . d . Euery Ducches , xl . s . Euery Marquesses , xx . s . Euery Countes xiij . s . iiij . d . Euery Barones . x . s . Euery Lady , vi . s . viij . d . Euery gentlewoman , ij . s . And al , for the treasure of the Bath , to the vse of the poore , that only for help , do come thither , the one halfe : the other to the Phisicion , for his residence .

Now if any shall think me ouer bold , too speake in the person of a Magistrate , let them consider with themselues two thinges méere contrary , their abilityes , and the poores néede , for sure I am , that none of all these recyted , but dooth twyse a yere in ydle pastime cast more then this , away in rayne . Therfore I trust , séeing it is to the poores , boxe and better meanes for your owne health , with other good vses , that from tyme to tyme , shall be there appointed , that there wil be none , so straight laced , or of so vnpitifull a conscience , which will not , if they sée cause , draw theyr purse stringes wyder .

If they consider the good intent , to be aswell for the poore afflicted members of Christ ( and what you gene vnto them you geue it me saith he ) as also , for the honour of the Relme , the which , foreuer , God graunt Triumphant , Amen .