AN
ORATION
OR
SPEECH
OF
THE
RIGHT
AND
LAWFVLNES
of
the
Netherlandish
warre
,
against
Phil●ip
King
of
Spaine
:
Vnto
the
most
mightie
and
illustrious
Princes
of
Christendome
.
Illustrious
Princes
of
Christendome
,
GReat
and
Mighty
are
the
Kingdoms
in
your
possession
,
which
extend
far
and
wide
,
throughout
all
the
world
:
but
much
mo●●
great
,
and
farre
more
excellent
are
the
vertues
and
knowledge
,
by
which
you
hold
,
preserue
and
govern
the
same
righteously
,
even
to
the
uttermost
extent
of
felicity
.
Among
which
I
esteem
these
two
more
especiall
and
remark●able
,
which
support
the
huge
weight
of
Kingdoms
,
as
great
Atlas
the
world
,
or
the
Gyants
with
their
shoulders
,
viz.
Iustice
and
Benevolence
.
The
first
being
the
excelling
bright-shining
mother
of
all
lawes
,
and
dominatrix
over
all
publike
Governments
ot
Reipublicks
,
by
which
you
judge
your
Citizens
and
Subjects
,
according
to
right
and
equity
;
unto
which
,
both
you
and
your
subjects
wils
,
power
,
counsell
and
desire
,
most
willingly
doe
yeeld
,
submit
,
and
are
obedient
unto
;
and
which
with
the
selfe
same
bands
of
Law
,
doth
unite
and
annex
together
both
you
and
your
subjects
alike
.
For
this
occasion
,
the
ancient
Philosophers
in
old
time
did
feign
,
that
justice
continually
did
attend
and
wait
upon
their
god
Jupiter
,
and
that
Iupiter
did
receiue
his
instructions
and
precepts
from
Iustice
,
to
the
end
he
might
govern
and
rule
all
the
kingdomes
of
the
earth
in
good
order
,
and
that
all
his
conclusions
might
be
just
and
equall
:
Not
that
he
did
conclude
and
command
after
such
a
manner
(
as
that
wicked
flatterer
Anaxarchus
did
,
who
would
make
King
Alexander
beleeeue
,
that
he
had
done
very
well
in
killing
Clitus
,
for
whom
Alexander
made
exceeding
great
lamentation
:
)
but
because
Iustice
which
attended
on
him
had
concluded
and
commanded
the
same
.
For
the
wisest
men
in
former
times
haue
been
of
opinion
,
that
for
the
enjoying
of
justice
,
there
must
be
good
and
gentle
Kings
set
over
the
people
.
Now
although
this
vertue
and
knowledge
doth
so
extend
and
spread
it selfe
abroad
,
through
the
understanding
,
manners
,
and
liues
of
all
men
;
that
without
the
same
,
there
can
be
no
worthy
act
performed
;
neither
can
men
liue
honestly
without
the
same
:
Yet
is
she
of
farre
greater
power
(
ô
Princes
)
in
this
your
great
and
illustrious
office
:
for
she
requires
,
and
will
haue
of
you
,
that
those
Lawes
which
haue
been
given
and
left
unto
posterity
,
so
many
yeares
agoe
,
by
so
many
severall
men
your
Predecessors
,
which
you
see
and
finde
to
be
fitting
and
agreeable
,
to
the
understanding
,
condition
,
and
manners
of
your
people
:
that
you
(
I
say
)
doe
hold
and
maintain
the
same
,
sacred
,
and
unviolable
:
For
if
you
abolish
them
,
you
abolish
your
Kingdomes
,
and
precipitate
them
into
a
miserable
destruction
.
For
one
and
the
same
Law
is
not
fitting
for
all
people
,
like
as
the
sword
at
Delphos
was
serviceable
for
many
things
:
They
neither
will
,
nor
can
they
all
be
ruled
and
governed
with
one
and
the
same
government
.
But
your
Predecessors
,
in
their
observation
of
the
Lawes
,
which
each
of
you
enjoy
,
haue
prescribed
unto
you
a
lawfull
,
sure
,
and
permanent
government
,
which
is
the
foundation
and
prop
of
your
highest
and
godliest
dignity
.
Although
you
be
not
ignorant
,
what
the
other
which
I
named
Benevolence
,
is
powerfull
,
and
addeth
to
a
fit
and
permanent
government
,
I
mean
that
inclination
,
loue
,
will
and
affection
,
to
doe
good
unto
your
subjects
,
and
to
provide
for
,
and
to
augment
them
to
the
profit
and
commodity
,
as
well
of
the
generall
,
as
of
the
particular
;
for
whose
commodity
you
acknowledge
that
all
your
counsels
and
actions
must
be
measured
and
squared
unto
.
This
Benevolence
make●h
you
your
subjects
fathers
,
and
not
their
Lords
;
their
Pastors
,
and
not
their
Butchers
;
their
Kings
,
and
not
tyrants
(
nor
cruel
dominators
)
.
Out
of
this
fountain
doe
you
lead
the
currants
of
your
other
vertues
,
as
mercy
,
lenity
,
familiarity
,
moderation
,
and
liberality
.
Finally
,
this
is
the
true
desire
and
lust
for
the
continuance
of
the
common
prosperity
,
for
which
cause
Kingdoms
are
given
and
distributed
unto
you
of
the
immortal
God
.
Observing
that
subjects
are
not
created
and
born
for
your
sakes
,
to
serue
you
:
but
you
are
ordained
for
the
subjects
sake
,
to
the
end
that
you
should
take
care
and
provide
for
them
,
to
be
profitable
unto
them
,
to
shelter
and
defend
them
,
with
your
countenance
,
vertues
and
providence
.
Vpon
these
two
vertues
subsisteth
all
the
knowledge
of
government
;
the
greatnesse
and
power
of
all
Princes
,
and
the
prosperity
of
all
subjects
:
and
that
Prince
which
shall
neglect
and
despise
the
same
,
possesseth
a
weak
and
impotent
kingdom
,
and
is
indeed
a
very
Tyrant
,
whose
will
and
arrogancy
is
not
to
be
obeyed
.
Hereby
you
may
easily
understand
,
O
most
mighty
and
illustrious
Princes
of
Christendome
,
in
what
manner
we
must
esteem
of
Phillip
king
of
Spaine
.
And
wheras
the
Lords
,
the
States
of
the
united
Netherlands
,
doe
oppose
his
violence
and
unjust
government
;
I
haue
thought
it
good
,
to
set
down
by
way
of
discourse
,
and
to
touch
a
little
the
right
or
lawfulnesse
of
this
warre
,
desiring
that
you
,
as
good
and
righteous
mediators
,
laying
aside
all
secret
hate
,
evill
affection
,
and
partiall
partaking
,
will
take
notice
and
judge
herof
,
with
an
upright
,
round
,
and
pure
conscience
,
out
of
that
which
I
,
in
a
true
and
short
relation
and
historie
(
of
those
things
which
haue
been
performed
in
the
time
of
King
Phillip
,
by
his
arrogancie
,
and
licentious
government
)
shall
declare
unto
you
.
When
I
intend
to
acquaint
you
herewith
,
the
superfluity
of
matter
doth
impoverish
my
counsell
and
skill
,
so
that
I
cannot
tell
what
speciall
order
and
course
I
must
use
and
obserue
herein
.
I
see
that
I
must
deale
herein
as
Painters
doe
,
who
upon
a
little
peece
or
tablet
are
to
paint
a
great
number
of
persons
:
for
like
as
they
doe
demonstrate
of
some
,
but
the
face
;
of
others
,
onely
the
top
or
crown
of
the
head
,
all
the
other
parts
of
their
bodies
being
shadowed
.
In
like
manner
will
it
be
needfull
that
I
,
of
so
many
things
which
haue
been
done
in
the
Netherlands
,
undertake
the
relation
of
some
few
,
and
obserue
the
chiefe
,
eminent
and
principall
poynts
very
roundly
and
briefly
.
From
which
you
shall
perceiue
,
that
the
beginning
of
our
warre
at
the
first
,
had
great
and
just
occasion
,
and
that
in
the
course
and
progression
thereof
,
they
are
become
greater
and
more
just
.
But
ô
you
Illustrious
Princes
at
this
present
,
be
attentiue
to
heare
so
great
and
weightie
a
businesse
with
wel-affected
eares
and
minds
,
so
many
of
you
as
there
be
,
who
for
so
many
ages
haue
enjoyed
your
lawful
and
happy
government
,
and
seeke
for
the
common
good
and
prosperitie
of
your
subjects
.
For
I
protest
and
sweare
unto
you
,
with
pretious
and
holy
words
upon
the
altar
of
truth
,
that
I
wil
not
adde
any
thing
hereunto
,
but
that
which
is
grounded
and
proceedeth
from
reason
it selfe
;
neither
in
my
relation
wil
digresse
or
stray
one
fingers
bredth
from
the
truth
.
That
great
Emperour
Charles
before
he
had
pacified
and
quieted
those
great
jar●es
and
troubles
of
the
Empire
,
and
had
augmented
the
same
with
almost
innumerable
countries
and
kingdomes
;
hee
performed
almost
endlesse
and
incredible
journies
and
expeditions
;
nine
in
Germany
,
sixe
in
Spaine
,
seven
in
Italy
,
ten
in
the
Netherlands
,
foure
in
peace
and
warre
in
France
;
Two
expeditions
he
performed
in
Africa
,
at
what
time
he
meant
to
leaue
off
and
to
end
the
warres
in
high
Germany
,
the
successe
thereof
seeming
to
be
very
uncertaine
and
doubtful
:
And
being
over-cloid
with
age
and
glory
,
leaving
his
government
,
departed
into
Spaine
,
and
there
in
peace
and
quietnesse
,
yea
in
the
greatest
and
happiest
tranquilitie
to
finish
and
end
his
blessed
age
.
Then
did
this
most
victorious
Emperour
disinherit
and
estrange
himselfe
from
all
his
kingdomes
,
countries
and
provinces
:
And
by
this
meanes
,
all
the
labours
and
cares
of
all
the
affaires
of
his
father
by
inheritance
descended
unto
his
sonne
Philip
.
Vnto
whom
he
often
before
(
but
more
especially
when
(
as
I
haue
sayd
)
preparing
him selfe
the
last
time
to
goe
for
Spaine
,
and
to
leaue
his
life
and
the
Netherlands
)
did
exhort
:
(
like
as
all
good
Princes
doe
that
haue
an
especiall
care
for
the
will
,
vertue
,
care
and
affection
of
those
that
succeed
them
in
their
government
,
)
and
that
very
earnestly
in
the
presence
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
and
the
aged
Bossu
,
and
other
Nobles
:
He
did
admonish
him
(
I
say
)
that
he
aboue
all
other
his
kingdomes
and
countries
,
should
haue
an
especiall
care
and
regard
unto
those
Netherlandish
Provinces
;
That
hee
should
carefully
remember
,
that
these
people
were
not
used
to
bee
governed
with
any
hard
or
tyrannicall
kinde
of
government
,
And
that
they
had
an
abhomination
&
a
detestation
of
the
severity
,
pride
,
and
arrogancie
of
the
Spaniards
;
And
that
they
were
exceedingly
inclined
to
their
owne
lawes
and
liberties
:
unto
which
if
his
sonne
Philip
had
not
due
regard
,
and
thereunto
endevoured
himselfe
,
that
he
with
all
benevolence
,
and
(
as
equitie
requireth
)
with
a
just
and
righteous
upholding
of
his
lawes
,
did
not
maintaine
this
people
;
that
the
time
would
come
,
that
his
government
in
the
Netherlands
would
be
weakned
.
This
good
Father
and
Patriot
,
and
yet
the
most
mightie
Emperour
,
was
mindfull
how
often
he
had
been
faithfully
assisted
and
holpen
both
with
counsell
and
deeds
in
all
his
so
many
crosses
and
extremities
,
by
his
Netherlands
:
He
knew
well
,
when
as
he
revolving
all
the
former
times
in
his
remembrance
,
that
the
government
of
all
the
Kings
and
Princes
of
Spaine
were
ever
very
severe
,
proud
,
and
cruell
;
not
onely
against
their
subjects
,
but
even
against
all
other
nations
,
and
that
there
was
already
planted
and
setled
in
the
Spaniards
an
naturall
and
old
inveterate
hate
of
the
Netherlanders
,
which
oftentimes
very
manifestly
had
appeared
:
He
had
also
in
especiall
consideration
,
that
his
sonne
Philip
was
borne
and
brought
up
in
Spaine
,
and
that
he
there
with
the
milke
of
his
Nourses
had
suckt
in
those
great
defects
both
of
minde
and
manners
,
and
that
he
consenting
thereunto
,
intended
very
advisedly
to
prosecute
the
same
;
and
that
he
in
all
his
manners
and
behaviours
was
like
an
absolute
Spaniard
;
so
that
he
could
speak
nothing
but
Spanish
,
and
onely
would
bee
served
of
none
but
Spaniards
:
And
like
as
one
peece
of
wood
is
bowed
and
made
crooked
by
the
art
of
man
,
and
others
grow
even
so
:
in
like
maner
hath
Philip
both
had
and
held
from
his
birth
and
education
,
many
defects
which
are
not
fitting
for
such
Princes
.
For
as
soone
as
the
Emperour
had
left
the
Netherlands
,
even
so
soone
left
Philip
the
wholesome
and
provident
counsels
of
his
good
father
.
And
like
as
by
the
light
of
the
Sunne
,
the
light
of
a
candle
is
obscured
:
And
like
as
one
drop
of
brine
is
annihilated
by
the
widenesse
of
the
great
and
spacious
sea
which
devideth
Asia
from
Christendome
;
even
so
were
all
those
most
excellent
admonitions
of
the
Emperour
,
(
which
like
the
voyce
of
a
dying
Swanne
,
a●
his
departing
,
he
song
unto
his
sonne
)
swallowed
up
in
the
exceeding
spacious
and
bottomles
gulfe
of
the
Spanish
ambition
and
hate
which
they
beare
unto
our
Nation
;
which
so
totally
possessed
the
mind
of
Philip
and
all
Spaniards
,
that
they
would
not
permit
,
that
the
Netherlanders
should
be
obedient
unto
their
lawfull
and
paternall
lawes
,
but
that
they
should
be
obedient
unto
their
arrogancie
,
as
well
as
other
nations
of
India
,
Italy
,
and
Arragon
.
From
whence
you
may
understand
(
that
which
your selues
,
to
your
great
losse
and
damage
haue
oftentimes
proved
to
be
true
,
since
that
time
that
Philip
came
to
the
government
of
his
kingdomes
)
that
his
proud
arrogancie
and
ambition
is
intollerable
and
incredible
,
that
hee
seeketh
to
purchase
to
himselfe
over
all
men
,
(
through
his
extreame
greedinesse
,
and
by
meanes
of
all
his
treasures
and
oppression
)
an
unlawfull
power
and
meanes
of
government
.
The
warres
in
France
which
the
Emperour
by
a
truce
had
quieted
,
was
by
king
Philip
renewed
:
And
whereas
he
for
the
maintenance
thereof
,
had
desired
a
special
taxation
of
the
States
of
the
Netherlands
;
the
same
was
willingly
,
and
with
one
consent
of
all
the
States
granted
:
although
that
they
before
(
as
is
aforesaid
)
had
furnished
the
Emperour
with
many
great
summes
of
money
in
so
many
warres
.
For
whereas
according
to
the
use
and
custome
of
their
predecessors
,
all
the
States
were
assembled
,
and
the
voyce
of
every
State
required
(
for
such
matters
might
not
be
done
without
a
general
consent
,
the
consent
could
not
be
without
a
preceding
assembly
of
the
States
)
where
was
concluded
to
bring
up
a
great
summe
of
money
for
Philip
for
the
terme
of
nine
yeares
,
the
which
was
called
Subsidium
novennale
,
or
a
nine
yeares
Subsidie
;
which
was
very
serviceable
for
that
warre
:
But
much
more
,
the
farre
famous
,
and
many
yeares
valour
of
the
Netherlandish
Champions
,
wherein
they
as
wel
also
in
many
other
warres
,
as
in
this
,
had
effected
so
much
,
that
Phillip
in
two
prosperous
battails
,
having
overcome
and
driven
out
of
the
field
,
the
most
mightie
King
of
France
,
who
afterward
desiring
peace
,
did
prescribe
unto
him
such
lawes
and
conditions
,
which
tended
to
his
singular
honor
and
profit
.
And
certainly
all
men
,
but
especially
the
conquered
French
,
and
ill-repining
Spaniard
,
attributed
the
honor
of
this
victory
unto
the
valour
and
valiantnesse
o●
the
Netherlanders
.
And
this
one
onely
matter
then
was
of
such
importance
,
that
if
King
Philip
by
so
many
benefites
done
to
his
father
,
and
unto
himselfe
,
could
not
be
induced
to
Benevolence
(
yet
aboue
all
,
that
most
excellent
testimony
of
the
Queen
of
Hungary
,
being
added
thereunto
;
who
leaving
the
government
of
the
Netherlands
,
d●d
assure
the
King
,
that
the
fidelitie
and
valour
of
the
Netherlanders
,
was
more
then
sufficiently
known
.
To
whom
both
the
Emperour
and
the
King
were
especially
beholden
)
yet
notwithstanding
by
this
alike-minded
and
uniforme
consent
,
by
this
their
fidelitie
,
by
this
their
valour
,
and
that
of
the
chiefest
of
them
,
he
ought
to
haue
been
kindled
and
inflamed
to
their
loue
,
and
to
Benevolence
.
But
Philip
rejected
and
cast
at
his
heeles
all
these
testimonies
,
and
despised
the
benefites
and
valiant
deeds
of
the
Netherlanders
.
What
doe
I
say
despised
?
He
hath
recompensed
them
with
most
extreame
hate
,
and
most
cruel
and
tyrannical
deeds
.
For
when
the
peace
was
concluded
in
France
,
it
seemed
hee
tooke
in
very
ill
part
,
that
the
States
a
little
before
,
in
the
conclusion
of
the
9
yeares
subsidie
,
did
not
presently
,
when
he
had
but
scarce
opened
his
mouth
;
and
as
soon
as
it
did
but
please
him
,
did
not
presently
open
unto
him
their
whole
treasurie
,
and
cast
downe
before
him
at
one
instant
,
all
their
Treasurie
;
that
they
were
not
presently
obedient
unto
his
command
;
But
that
first
,
they
,
according
to
their
custome
and
law
,
having
held
as
it
were
a
Parliament
or
convocation
of
the
States
being
gathered
together
,
and
having
taken
counsel
thereupon
,
to
the
end
that
the
businesse
might
be
granted
by
a
general
consent
;
and
that
there
might
be
ordained
what
manner
of
persons
should
chiefly
be
appointed
,
into
whose
hands
that
mony
might
be
delivered
,
and
how
the
same
might
be
distributed
most
conveniently
for
the
kings
●se
.
For
these
occasions
did
he
(
who
oppresseth
our
libertie
,
and
abbrogating
the
lawes
of
our
Fathers
,
seeking
to
himselfe
the
government
alone
,
which
indeed
is
mere
tyranny
,
or
cruel
government
)
adjudge
the
bringing
up
of
that
money
not
as
a
Benefite
,
but
for
Crimen
l●se
maiestatis
;
And
ever
bea●ing
a
jealous
eye
toward
the
States
,
as
being
enemies
and
refractory
unto
his
government
and
dominion
.
For
this
was
for
Philip
,
and
for
all
Spaniards
,
a
sufficient
and
lawful
occasion
enough
to
beginne
to
declare
themselues
enemie
unto
the
Netherlanders
;
and
violently
to
suppresse
both
their
lawes
,
libertie
and
privileges
.
This
we
know
is
the
custome
of
all
tyrants
,
that
seek
and
hunt
after
the
very
least
occasions
,
masking
the
same
with
certain
shewes
of
right
,
for
the
annihilating
of
the
lawes
of
the
subjects
,
and
the
pulling
of
them
down
under
foot
.
After
such
a
manner
in
former
time
did
the
sonne
of
Sixtus
Tarquinus
,
who
having
the
chiefe
government
of
the
citie
of
the
Gabians
,
by
treachery
and
false
accusations
,
slew
and
banished
all
the
Councel
,
to
the
end
that
he
by
that
meanes
might
bring
the
citie
under
the
tyranny
of
his
father
.
We
also
finde
written
of
Iulius
Caesar
,
that
he
intruding
himselfe
(
against
the
lawes
and
priviledges
)
into
a
perpetual
government
;
that
all
those
who
opposed
his
doings
,
that
he
with
some
kind
of
shew
or
appearance
of
truth
,
or
else
by
some
concealed
treacherie
,
made
them
away
.
The
Spaniards
themselues
,
haue
even
out
of
this
haven
of
just
complaints
,
and
righteous
accusations
,
put
out
to
sea
with
full
sails
,
intending
long
agoe
,
their
cruel
,
sole
,
and
chiefe
government
over
the
Netherlanders
.
And
surely
there
wanted
no
inhabitants
,
who
with
their
oares
of
most
pestilent
counsell
,
did
row
this
ship
to
the
Spanish
tyranny
.
For
there
was
one
or
two
of
the
Nobilitie
unworthy
their
generation
,
and
unworthy
of
their
countrey
;
who
being
not
able
to
make
satisfaction
for
their
dealings
,
and
thought
they
could
not
stand
fast
and
permanent
,
unlesse
they
overthrew
the
state
of
the
common
government
,
Among
whom
that
great
usurer
Barlemont
extold
and
set
up
himselfe
,
and
vomited
out
of
his
deadly
mouth
,
all
manner
of
wicked
and
poysoned
counsel
into
the
bosome
of
the
king
:
whereby
the
devotions
of
the
Spaniards
were
provoked
and
stirred
up
to
a
greater
violence
,
deceit
,
and
to
all
evil
proceedings
.
For
the
matter
it selfe
was
come
to
that
effect
,
that
the
king
intended
to
haue
executed
the
Earle
of
Lalaine
,
and
all
the
States
,
being
very
wise
and
provident
men
,
and
certaine
others
who
were
Patriots
of
our
Reipublick
and
State
.
These
men
(
I
say
)
who
a
little
before
had
heaped
so
many
benefits
upon
the
King
,
and
had
set
their
liues
in
the
ballance
,
and
hazarded
their
estate
for
his
good
and
government
.
What
cruelty
was
ever
greater
then
this
?
what
sin
or
offence
of
ingratitude
was
ever
greater
then
this
which
hath
been
spoken
of
?
But
yet
moreover
and
aboue
,
ô
Princes
,
heare
what
licentiousnesse
and
selfe-wil
Philip
,
before
his
intended
journey
into
Spaine
,
had
resolved
by
himselfe
.
Hee
desired
that
they
should
take
in
Souldiers
into
all
their
chiefe
cities
,
and
out
of
their
owne
meanes
to
pay
them
monthly
:
And
that
all
the
Burgesses
and
subjects
should
bring
up
their
Armes
.
They
denied
not
the
command
of
their
supreme
Lord
,
but
desired
that
those
souldiers
which
should
be
levied
,
might
be
of
the
inhabitants
,
and
no
Spaniards
.
The
king
persisted
,
that
by
all
meanes
they
must
be
Spaniards
,
which
should
be
raised
,
as
upon
whom
he
established
the
foundation
of
his
cruel
government
.
He
commanded
them
that
they
should
keepe
good
watch
and
ward
in
all
the
chiefe
Castles
and
fortifications
of
the
Provinces
;
who
not
restraining
the
hellish
outrages
of
their
enmitie
and
inveterate
malice
in
the
injuring
and
murthering
of
the
Netherlanders
;
but
presently
gaue
the
reines
thereto
at
Antwerpe
,
Atrecht
,
and
Camerick
all
chiefe
cities
of
the
Netherlands
.
Moreover
,
that
which
was
altogether
opposite
to
our
lawes
,
and
was
very
convenient
for
the
effecting
of
his
oppression
,
and
for
the
establishing
of
his
licentious
government
,
Philip
ordained
and
adjoyned
certaine
Spanish
Counsellors
to
the
States
,
having
made
choyce
of
such
who
naturally
were
proue
and
inclined
for
trecheries
,
deceits
,
tyranny
,
or
cruel
government
,
as
were
the
Earls
of
Feres
,
Verges
,
and
Eras
,
who
in
their
bosomes
should
haue
all
the
wil
,
government
and
counsel
of
king
Philip
,
vnto
whom
he
commanded
that
the
States
should
giue
place
,
and
that
they
should
,
not
doe
any
thing
whatsoever
,
but
what
these
great
Catoes
did
approue
.
Now
when
as
the
chiefe
way
of
all
the
lands
affaires
was
in
their
power
,
then
must
our
people
(
the
prudent
wise-men
and
lovers
of
their
countrey
,
and
those
that
sought
the
welfare
of
the
land
)
go
up
and
downe
like
shadowes
and
were
but
a
cypher
among
the
figures
,
and
were
held
for
statues
of
stone
,
who
participated
of
the
government
,
nothing
but
the
bare
name
,
and
neither
could
nor
might
effect
any
thing
that
tended
to
the
common
good
.
Then
began
our
libertie
and
liues
to
be
very
uncertaine
,
and
to
be
set
to
sale
,
for
this
is
the
very
truth
,
ô
Princes
;
king
Philip
and
the
Spaniards
whose
service
he
most
used
for
his
lascivious
goverment
,
laboured
all
of
them
thereunto
,
like
as
in
former
times
the
ancient
Romanes
did
with
their
Decem-viri
,
or
ten
men
,
who
required
of
the
Grecians
the
observing
of
the
new
law
of
the
twelue
Tables
(
as
they
called
it
:
)
That
we
even
so
,
rejecting
and
desp●sing
our
libertie
by
those
exceeding
too-too
cruel
Three-men
,
should
desire
a
new
government
,
and
the
most
proudest
lawes
of
the
Spanish
counsel
,
which
should
proceed
from
those
counsellors
,
which
I
haue
named
:
And
as
ye
now
perceiue
,
ô
Princes
,
that
they
by
the
authority
from
their
king
Philip
,
wil
giue
the
law
,
and
governe
all
people
of
the
earth
;
even
so
would
they
load
(
with
the
same
yoke
of
servitude
and
bondage
)
the
backes
of
all
the
Netherlanders
,
with
the
burthen
of
the
most
cruel
government
.
They
intended
wholy
to
overthrow
and
overwhelme
our
wel-setled
Reipublick
,
to
the
end
,
that
their
owne
pleasures
,
licentiousnesse
,
and
arrogancie
might
be
used
in
stead
of
our
lawes
.
This
was
that
which
they
called
perfect
and
absolute
obedience
:
but
we
may
better
call
it
Tyrannie
:
that
is
,
a
violent
doing
government
,
which
resisteth
and
opposeth
our
good
lawes
and
customes
;
with
the
which
many
yeares
agoe
they
haue
overwhelmd
and
distressed
them
of
India
,
Sicilia
,
Calabria
,
Milaen
,
Arragon
,
and
Portugall
.
The
Spaniard
suffereth
none
of
these
countries
to
liue
after
the
pecul●ar
lawes
of
their
owne
Reipublick
:
but
they
haue
sent
unto
them
out
of
Spaine
(
as
out
of
Rome
)
Viceroyes
,
Governors
,
Legats
,
and
Counsellors
,
who
are
all
of
them
Spaniards
.
Wherefore
may
they
doe
thus
?
Because
the
worthinesse
and
majesty
of
the
Spanish
Monarchy
(
as
they
imagine
)
●equireth
the
same
.
That
great
and
ponderous
Axioma
and
discipline
of
the
Stoicks
,
doth
prescribe
unto
them
the
same
:
for
which
they
haue
not
gone
to
schoole
to
learne
,
nor
haue
studied
for
;
but
of
their
owne
nature
and
understanding
facultie
,
they
seeme
to
haue
swallowed
up
,
and
now
of
late
to
haue
renewed
the
same
,
viz.
In
regard
they
doe
hold
and
report
that
all
nations
of
the
earth
,
to
be
in
respect
of
them
,
but
their
servants
and
bondslaues
,
yea
for
dumbe
,
foolish
,
dishononourable
,
miserable
,
and
for
very
beasts
:
and
contrarily
doe
esteem
themselues
for
Kings
,
onely-wise
,
onely-rich
,
onely-happy
,
and
onely-men
.
Among
whom
Phillip
,
as
the
onely
Chrysippus
,
seemeth
to
under-prop
and
susteyn
the
gallerie
or
walking
place
of
these
supercilious
Philosophers
.
And
to
proue
this
,
they
affirme
,
that
it
is
lawfull
for
them
,
by
the
law
of
Armes
to
domineer
over
strange
nations
,
considering
that
it
is
allowed
for
currant
,
by
the
Law
of
Nations
,
and
Custome
;
that
Conquerours
must
giue
the
Law
to
the
conquered
,
according
to
their
own
pleasure
.
If
that
we
must
(
ô
Princes
)
like
as
indeed
we
must
,
allow
of
this
,
as
being
an
ancient
Custome
of
all
Nations
;
wherfore
then
doe
the
Spaniards
attribute
this
lawfulnesse
unto
themselues
here
in
the
Netherlands
,
in
regard
the
land
descended
to
Phillip
by
inheritance
,
and
not
by
force
of
Armes
,
nor
violence
,
nor
by
any
Spani●h
treacherie
?
But
the
Tyrant
had
farre
rather
that
all
things
had
been
turned
topsey-turvy
,
with
warres
and
with
fire
,
to
bring
all
things
to
a
desolate
destruction
,
and
to
mingle
heaven
and
earth
together
,
then
to
leaue
the
priviledges
of
the
Netherlanders
,
which
is
descended
unto
them
from
their
predecessors
,
which
he
hath
well
perceived
by
the
home-bred
inhabitants
,
to
be
more
precious
and
deer
unto
them
,
then
their
own
liues
and
bloud
:
And
therfore
hee
thought
that
this
was
the
course
he
must
take
:
First
,
to
attempt
the
same
(
as
enemie
)
by
force
of
Armes
,
and
after
to
d●priue
them
of
the
Lawes
of
their
fore-fathers
;
and
he
then
being
Conquerour
,
might
giue
new
Tables
or
Lawes
to
the
conquered
:
the
which
indeed
Duke
d'Alva
himselfe
long
agoe
confessed
,
who
having
established
already
a
civill
warre
,
and
having
by
more
then
a
Tyrannicall
warre
surprized
many
Cities
,
he
then
said
;
and
publiquely
made
his
boast
:
that
the
King
no
longer
had
the
Lawes
or
Rights
of
a
Prince
in
the
Netherlands
,
but
of
a
conquerour
;
and
therefore
he
put
in
execution
his
cruel
tyrannising
,
no
otherwise
,
then
as
if
long
since
he
had
effected
the
same
,
by
giving
the
most
licentious
lawes
,
by
making
forfeited
both
the
liues
and
goods
of
the
chiefe
end
best
ablest
of
the
Burgers
,
by
selling
their
goods
at
a
common
out-cry
,
and
by
delivering
their
bodies
over
unto
the
hang-man
.
What
?
Did
ever
any
tyrant
or
enemy
attempt
the
like
?
Did
ever
Gelo
or
Hiere
of
Sicilia
the
like
?
Or
did
ever
Pisistratus
the
sonne
of
Hipocrates
the
like
?
We
reade
of
them
,
that
although
they
by
force
of
Armes
,
and
against
the
Lawes
,
had
purchased
the
Kingdom
and
Soveraigntie
;
that
they
neverthelesse
governed
moderately
,
and
according
to
the
lawes
of
the
conquered
Countrey
,
and
by
their
government
bettered
and
brought
the
Reipublique
of
Sicilia
into
greater
prosperity
.
What
shall
I
say
also
of
Lydiades
that
Tyrant
?
Who
in
the
end
holding
in
abhomination
his
unjust
,
pampered
,
and
voluptuous
tyrannizing
in
the
Citie
of
Megalopolis
,
restored
to
them
their
Lawes
againe
,
and
afterwards
,
fighting
very
valiantly
with
the
common
enemy
for
the
maintenance
of
their
prosperity
,
was
slain
in
the
battell
.
When
the
Romanes
at
any
time
had
taken
a
Province
by
force
of
Armes
;
they
commanded
and
governed
the
same
with
absolute
moderation
,
statelinesse
,
providence
and
equity
:
But
thou
ô
Phillip
,
dost
not
with-hold
thy selfe
from
unjust
dealing
,
from
violence
,
from
our
deaths
,
nor
from
the
subversion
of
our
Lawes
and
Priviledges
:
wheras
we
being
descended
unto
thee
,
neither
by
warre
,
nor
by
tyrannie
;
but
by
a
lawfull
inheritance
,
and
by
right
of
marriage
.
And
therfore
if
thou
wilt
play
the
part
of
a
Tyrant
,
ô
Phillip
,
doe
that
in
Italy
,
which
many
yeares
since
by
right
of
warre
is
brought
into
thy
obedience
.
Wilt
thou
be
esteemed
for
a
King
?
Then
be
a
King
in
Spain
,
or
rather
in
Ierusalem
.
But
wilt
thou
be
a
Monarch
(
to
which
end
thy
Spanish
Sooth-sayers
long
agoe
haue
made
unto
thee
many
a
goodly
prophesie
?
)
Be
it
where
thou
maist
mingle
thy
fire
and
sword
together
.
Wilt
thou
be
a
great
Dominator
,
or
violent
Governour
,
Be
it
in
Asia
,
be
it
in
Africa
.
For
,
so
much
as
concerneth
us
,
we
doe
not
acknowledge
that
proud
name
of
thy
Soyeraignty
;
neither
doe
we
entertain
thy
most
unjust
lawes
into
our
free
government
.
We
haue
no
fellowship
at
all
with
Tyrants
:
but
we
are
even
to
the
uttermost
extent
,
seperated
,
and
estranged
from
them
.
We
haue
a
Duke
and
Prince
,
and
such
a
one
lawfully
,
limited
by
the
most
just
limits
of
the
Lawes
.
Thou
hast
sworn
that
thou
wast
such
a
one
,
and
for
ever
wouldst
be
,
when
thou
with
exceeding
joy
,
and
hope
of
every
man
didst
make
thy
joyfull
entrance
into
our
Cities
:
when
thou
camst
into
our
Towns
to
the
great
rejoycing
and
hope
of
every
man
,
when
every
man
did
entertain
and
imbrace
thee
with
the
highest
honour
and
officiousnesse
.
Then
didst
thou
,
according
to
the
custome
,
even
before
all
all
the
people
,
binde
thy selfe
with
an
holy
oath
upon
the
most
blessed
Evangelists
,
that
thou
wouldst
hold
the
Lawes
of
our
Predecessours
for
good
,
and
that
thou
wouldst
not
alter
nor
change
any
one
of
those
Lawes
.
Yet
to
the
end
,
that
not
without
occasion
I
seem
so
often
to
make
mention
thereof
,
and
to
nominate
our
liberty
so
often
,
I
will
tell
you
what
our
liberty
is
,
and
what
it
requireth
.
For
I
beleeue
most
Illustrious
and
mighty
Princes
,
that
Phillip
hath
put
the
remembrance
of
them
long
agoe
out
of
his
mind
,
and
that
he
thinketh
that
it
is
the
character
of
the
whore
Tanegrea
(
which
Claudius
called
the
liberty
of
the
wicked
Roman
Citizens
,
)
and
that
he
and
his
Spaniards
,
haue
not
onely
the
image
of
licentiousnesse
and
admittance
,
but
that
they
altogether
doe
honour
and
worship
the
same
,
a●●he
Goddesse
and
Venus
of
their
Avariciousnesse
.
Yet
because
I
am
perswaded
,
that
our
liberty
consisteth
in
the
Rights
,
Lawes
,
Customes
and
Manners
of
our
Predecessors
,
I
will
repeat
the
same
,
if
it
please
you
,
and
will
bring
some
of
them
into
your
remembrance
,
to
the
end
that
yee
,
ô
Princes
,
may
understand
what
manner
of
Lawes
they
be
,
for
which
we
(
as
for
our
welfare
)
doe
fight
,
without
fearing
any
kinde
of
death
.
The
Oath
of
the
Netherlandish
Princes
.
-
I
THat
they
may
not
make
any
processe
against
any
man
,
neither
contrary
to
the
Lawes
of
the
Cities
,
nor
of
the
publick
Courts
,
but
must
giue
leaue
to
every
man
to
defend
himselfe
by
an
Atturney
.
-
II
They
shall
suffer
no
stranger
nor
forreyner
to
administer
in
any
publique
office
.
-
III
They
shall
place
no
man
in
the
chiefe
and
highest
dignity
and
authority
over
the
Provinces
,
which
are
not
of
their
bloud
and
kinred
.
-
IIII
They
may
not
alter
the
State
of
the
Reipublick
,
by
giving
out
their
Letters
Patents
or
Placcates
,
upon
their
own
authority
,
neither
may
they
bring
any
novelties
therin
.
-
V
Neither
may
they
demand
any
Taxation
,
without
the
publique
consent
and
grant
of
the
States
;
they
must
haue
their
ordinarie
Revenues
,
and
must
be
content
therwith
.
-
VI
They
may
not
without
consent
of
the
States
of
the
Provinces
,
bring
any
Souldiers
into
the
Provinces
and
Cities
therof
.
-
VII
They
may
never
advance
,
nor
cry-down
the
valew
of
mony
,
without
the
permission
of
the
States
.
-
VIII
A
disobedient
and
culpable
Burger
,
they
may
not
constrain
him
,
neither
by
Amercements
,
Bands
nor
Blowes
,
before
the
Magistrate
shall
haue
made
enquiry
concerning
him
,
and
also
given
judgment
therof
.
-
IX
A
malefactor
,
whatsoever
trespasse
he
shall
haue
committed
,
that
is
condemned
by
the
Iudge
,
they
may
not
take
him
out
of
the
Provinces
to
bring
him
to
any
other
place
of
execution
.
-
X
The
prosperity
of
the
people
shall
be
their
chiefest
Law
.
-
XI
If
any
Prince
at
his
departure
hath
disturbed
the
state
of
the
Reipublique
,
either
by
violence
,
wrong-dealing
,
or
treacherie
,
then
all
the
States
and
Burgers
may
deny
him
obedience
,
and
shall
be
free
and
discharged
of
their
oaths
:
they
shall
appoint
a
chiefe
in
his
place
,
untill
he
be
reduced
unto
a
better
minde
,
and
more
easie
government
.
These
are
the
chiefe
Lawes
(
although
there
be
yet
others
much
like
unto
these
)
by
which
even
to
this
present
,
the
liberty
of
the
Netherlands
,
very
long
,
and
very
exceeding
well
,
and
most
flourishingly
haue
been
maintained
.
Behold
and
consider
now
ô
Princes
,
I
pray
you
,
what
I
haue
said
and
shall
say
of
that
violent
,
and
most
wrongfull
Government
of
Phillip
,
how
directly
he
hath
opposed
our
liberty
;
yea
,
and
Iustice
it selfe
.
It
is
not
very
needfull
that
I
by
many
demonstrations
proue
that
which
already
I
haue
proved
;
that
Phillip
hath
violated
the
Lawes
of
the
Netherlands
,
and
that
by
meer
force
he
seeketh
to
overwhelm
and
to
turn
the
whole
Netherlands
topsie-turvie
:
considering
that
every
man
may
see
and
reade
out
of
the
intercepted
letters
of
Alana
,
the
Embassadour
of
Phillip
;
That
this
is
known
for
sure
and
certain
;
who
in
his
letters
written
out
of
France
unto
the
Princesse
of
Parma
,
then
Governesse
of
the
Netherlands
,
affirmeth
:
That
it
was
certainly
concluded
by
his
King
,
to
abrogate
and
quite
abolish
all
the
Priviledges
of
the
Netherlanders
;
and
that
he
would
prescribe
such
a
Law
unto
them
,
that
no
other
Law
should
be
of
any
force
,
then
that
which
should
be
given
them
by
his
command
,
and
with
his
counsel
.
And
therfore
he
called
for
the
Popes
Authority
to
assist
him
;
who
acquitting
and
discharging
him
of
his
faith-keeping
,
of
his
sworn
promises
,
and
of
his
so
high
and
sacred
an
oath
,
which
he
had
sworn
to
maintain
the
Netherlandish
Lawes
,
to
the
end
he
might
afterwards
(
with
the
wind
of
this
vain
dispensation
)
with
ful
set
sailes
,
brauely
rush
himselfe
into
the
sea
of
the
Spanish
tyrannie
;
and
that
under
pretext
of
the
Romish
Religion
and
Holinesse
,
such
like
cruelties
and
tyrannie
which
he
useth
to
al
good
Princes
and
Nations
of
the
earth
,
might
under
the
same
be
sheltred
and
defended
.
O
injustice
not
to
be
concealed
,
ô
too
too
unprovident
and
unworthy
Prince
to
govern
:
For
what
could
he
haue
done
more
rashly
,
or
more
unprovident
in
his
government
,
then
to
get
himselfe
freed
from
the
oath
which
he
had
sworn
to
his
subjects
?
So
ignorant
in
the
land
affaires
was
Phillip
,
that
he
understood
not
what
a
fast
and
firm
obligation
,
and
band
of
the
conscience
,
wils
,
and
all
other
affaires
,
is
effected
betwixt
him
and
his
subjects
,
by
that
mutuall
and
reciprocal
fidelity
,
and
the
respect
to
oathes
:
That
he
understood
not
of
what
force
the
bonds
of
the
Law
and
fidelity
is
,
which
annex
and
binde
together
the
offices
of
all
Princes
,
of
Counseliours
and
of
Subjects
,
of
Lords
and
Vassals
:
For
,
for
the
very
selfe-same
occasion
that
the
Farmer
or
Tenant
looseth
the
right
of
his
Farme
;
the
owner
also
by
the
same
right
is
deprived
of
the
proprietie
of
the
same
:
The
Tenant
or
Farmer
is
not
bound
to
keep
faith
and
promise
with
the
owner
,
nor
to
be
obedient
unto
him
;
if
he
deny
to
keep
faith
and
promise
with
him
,
and
to
keep
the
rights
of
the
Farm
from
him
also
.
Domitius
the
Oratour
in
times
past
said
,
wherfore
should
I
acknowledg
you
for
a
Prince
,
since
you
doe
not
acknowledge
mee
for
a
Counsellour
;
To
which
end
Lucius
Crassus
said
very
well
:
Shall
I
acknowledge
you
for
a
Burgermaster
,
when
you
doe
not
acknowledge
me
for
a
Counsellour
?
Wherfore
then
should
not
wee
with
one
uniform
voyce
,
say
we
acknowledge
Philllip
for
no
King
who
doth
not
acknowledge
us
for
his
Burgers
?
but
holds
us
for
particular
and
common
enemies
.
Therfore
this
persiduousnesse
was
hurtfull
for
Phillip
when
hee
endevoured
to
discharge
the
States
of
the
promise
and
Oath
which
they
had
made
to
him
:
So
that
they
no
more
now
need
to
esteem
,
nor
be
obedient
unto
him
,
as
their
Lord
or
Prince
,
but
may
by
all
right
reject
and
defie
him
as
a
Tyrant
,
and
as
a
common
enemy
to
the
Countrey
.
For
as
some
men
by
sicknes
,
or
by
defect
of
the
senses
,
doe
not
taste
the
daintinesse
of
the
meat
;
even
so
now
,
such
a
mischievous
lust
and
desire
to
effect
all
things
whatsoever
his
heart
imagineth
,
hath
captivated
Phillip
,
&
other
Tyrants
,
that
they
can
neither
see
nor
perceiue
what
is
profitable
or
hurtfull
for
themselues
,
in
this
their
mischievous
desire
of
unjust
Soveraignty
;
but
are
by
the
cruelty
of
their
natures
transported
and
driven
to
all
kinde
of
mischiefes
and
crimes
worrhy
of
punishment
.
But
with
what
conscience
,
with
what
will
,
with
what
affection
,
ô
Phillip
,
hast
thou
got
such
an
abominable
detestation
of
our
Lawes
,
and
dost
so
farre
digresse
from
them
,
that
for
them
thou
shouldst
so
shamefully
violate
,
break
and
make
shipwrack
of
thy
faith
and
truth
,
which
all
good
Princes
are
accustomed
to
keep
holy
and
unviolable
,
even
as
the
ground-work
and
foundation
of
all
justice
?
Were
they
unjust
?
Were
they
not
conform
to
equity
?
Or
did
they
any
wise
injurie
thy
dignity
and
Spanish
Majestie
?
The
Emperours
,
Kings
and
Princes
thy
Predecessours
(
who
undoubtedly
are
to
be
preferred
and
accounted
before
thee
in
the
worthinesse
of
their
government
in
lustre
,
glory
and
excellencie
)
they
haue
made
and
prescribed
them
themselues
,
and
in
such
manner
so
prescribed
them
,
that
they
were
sitting
,
just
,
and
beseeming
for
a
good
Prince
;
by
which
the
common
welfare
of
the
Netherlands
might
be
supported
and
established
,
&
the
prosperity
&
perpetuity
of
our
Reipublick
,
might
remain
setled
and
grounded
in
good
order
:
For
the
making
of
them
,
hath
that
great
&
mighty
Emperor
thy
father
,
&
all
thy
Predecessors
more
applyed
all
their
endevours
,
diligence
,
care
,
ability
and
vigilancie
,
then
thou
ô
Phillip
,
hast
done
for
the
overthrowing
of
them
,
and
for
the
destruction
of
the
whole
Reipublick
with
thy
tyrannie
and
violent
oppression
.
For
those
good
Princes
understood
very
well
(
that
which
thou
and
all
other
Tyrants
are
used
to
deny
and
resist
)
that
the
onely
office
of
good
Princes
is
,
to
be
alwaies
mindfull
,
not
onely
of
what
is
committed
to
their
charge
,
but
also
in
what
manner
the
same
is
committed
to
their
charge
:
They
were
alwaies
mindfull
that
they
represented
the
body
of
the
Common-wealth
,
and
that
they
ought
to
maintain
the
dignity
and
the
prosperitie
of
the
same
;
to
maintain
the
Lawes
in
their
vigour
,
and
to
defend
their
Rights
and
Customes
;
and
to
haue
in
minde
that
superexcellent
and
most
royal
speech
of
King
Theohadades
,
When
all
things
are
in
our
power
,
then
we
simply
beleeue
that
all
commendable
things
are
lawfull
.
Therfore
Antigonus
,
the
third
King
of
the
Macedomans
wrote
unto
his
Cities
,
that
if
peradventure
he
had
commanded
or
published
any
thing
by
letter
or
decree
,
that
seemed
to
oppose
their
Lawes
,
that
therin
they
should
not
be
obedient
;
but
should
perswade
themselues
,
that
he
either
by
ignorance
,
or
by
errour
was
mistaken
.
Surely
,
this
was
a
great
and
most
excellent
King
,
this
King
by
chance
,
hearing
one
say
,
That
all
things
without
any
difference
were
lawfull
and
beseeming
Kings
,
He
therunto
,
both
as
well
honourably
,
as
providently
,
made
reply
:
Yes
,
for
the
Barbarian
Kings
,
but
unto
us
,
lawfull
things
are
onely
lawfull
,
and
just
things
are
onely
just
.
In
like
manner
Themistocles
,
being
required
of
Symonides
,
that
for
his
advantage
in
the
Court
he
would
pronounce
an
unjust
sentence
,
who
answered
:
As
thou
couldst
not
be
a
good
Poet
,
if
thou
shouldst
transgresse
measure
in
Poetry
:
So
should
not
I
be
a
good
Prince
,
if
I
should
conclude
any
thing
contrary
to
the
Lawes
.
Dost
not
thou
now
see
thy selfe
,
ô
Phillip
,
in
such
like
Actions
,
and
in
all
the
things
which
thou
hast
done
,
convinced
of
the
Heathens
and
worldly
Kings
:
wheras
thou
wilt
be
esteemed
for
a
King
;
yea
,
and
the
Catholike
King
?
Dost
not
thou
see
plainly
that
thou
art
convinced
by
their
Testimonie
,
who
were
onely
lead
by
nature
to
maintain
Iustice
and
Equitie
?
Dost
not
thou
see
evidently
by
the
testimony
of
every
one
,
that
thou
art
enforced
to
acknowledge
that
thou
hast
endevoured
and
stil
endevourest
thy selfe
to
Tyrannie
?
And
to
the
end
that
I
may
now
passe
unto
other
matters
,
yet
I
must
not
forget
this
proofe
of
his
Tyrannie
:
that
Phillip
,
from
the
time
that
he
first
took
upon
him
the
government
of
the
Netherlands
,
would
haue
had
,
that
the
Convocation
and
the
Assembly
of
the
States
should
haue
been
holden
in
strange
Countries
;
and
that
he
many
times
,
forbad
,
dispersed
and
hindred
the
meetings
of
the
Lords
of
the
Councel
;
when
they
according
to
their
manner
and
custome
in
their
Assemblies
of
State
,
did
treat
and
deal
in
the
behalfe
of
the
common
good
of
the
Lands
.
For
this
Councel
of
the
States
was
ordained
,
as
a
Protector
of
the
Lawes
,
a
Preserver
,
a
Surveyer
,
and
Defender
of
the
Reipublick
,
and
of
all
common
affaires
,
and
was
the
haven
and
refuge
of
the
oppressed
.
He
to
whom
the
charge
was
committed
to
see
that
the
Reipublick
should
not
be
endamaged
;
even
him
hath
Phillip
not
permitted
to
come
into
the
Assembly
of
the
States
.
He
concluded
that
he
must
haue
another
Councel
;
that
he
with
that
Councel
could
not
effect
his
own
counsel
and
tyrannie
.
For
he
had
learned
that
of
Tarquinus
Superbus
,
who
in
the
Roman
government
(
which
was
left
unto
him
of
his
Predecessors
)
used
to
dispose
and
order
all
things
with
counsel
and
advise
,
he
took
that
clean
away
;
and
administred
and
served
the
Comonaltie
with
the
counsel
of
his
own
opinion
:
And
after
him
Iulius
Caesar
,
who
oppressed
the
Reipublicks
,
made
himselfe
perpetual
Dictator
or
President
,
and
prohibited
the
Assemblies
.
The
which
Reipublicks
afterward
by
Augustus
being
pacified
and
quieted
were
reduced
into
their
former
integrity
.
Which
Assemblies
Nero
,
that
infamous
Tyrant
,
in
the
beginning
of
his
raign
,
did
again
prohibit
.
For
Phillip
not
onely
hated
,
troubled
and
separated
,
the
Assemblies
and
Convocations
of
the
States
,
but
also
of
the
Nobles
and
Burgesses
,
their
Colleges
,
Assemblies
,
and
Convocations
;
wheras
contrarily
he
ought
to
haue
been
a
good
Father
,
and
a
faithful
Administrator
of
all
good
Lawes
and
Customes
;
but
more
especially
and
aboue
all
,
of
the
stately
office
of
the
States
.
And
therefore
,
ô
Princes
,
if
I
should
proceed
to
make
relation
of
all
the
injuries
which
haue
been
committed
by
Philip
in
the
Netherlands
,
you
might
manifestly
see
and
perceiue
,
that
hee
intended
a
most
unjust
and
intolerable
government
,
and
that
he
is
driven
and
pressed
to
such
an
intent
,
by
his
ambitious
desire
and
extreame
hate
towards
the
Netherlanders
.
I
know
wel
that
I
speake
of
things
which
are
sufficiently
knowne
to
the
world
,
and
reported
of
by
all
men
,
And
that
those
things
which
I
declare
,
are
better
known
to
every
one
,
then
I
am
able
to
conceiue
in
my
minde
,
or
to
expresse
with
my
pen
.
Yet
I
wil
giue
you
to
understand
some
particulars
,
although
my
delivery
and
abilitie
is
not
any
wise
able
to
satisfie
your
capacitie
and
knowledge
therein
.
For
I
cannot
remember
that
there
hath
ever
been
in
this
world
a
more
wicked
and
vile
act
heard
of
then
this
which
Philip
did
,
when
he
not
onely
intended
the
separation
and
dispersion
of
the
noblest
of
the
States
:
but
also
to
kil
and
to
haue
murthered
them
:
And
even
at
that
very
time
(
as
I
haue
said
already
)
when
they
had
brought
up
unto
him
the
nine
yeares
subsidie
,
not
onely
with
an
especial
and
singular
good
wil
,
but
with
a
farr
greater
officiousnesse
.
As
also
when
he
first
in
a
secret
counsel
had
concluded
utterly
to
haue
extirpated
and
eradicated
all
the
Netherlanders
,
which
by
him
and
his
unjust
inquisitors
were
suspected
to
be
altered
in
religion
.
Now
to
the
end
I
passe
not
by
that
in
silence
;
Before
Philip
had
accused
the
States
of
rebellion
,
contumacie
,
and
Crimen
lase
Maiestatis
,
Duke
d'Alva
made
declaration
unto
Henrie
the
second
,
King
of
France
,
that
Philips
intent
was
not
onely
to
put
to
execution
the
Nobles
and
Gentlemen
,
but
also
all
those
subjects
which
were
suspected
to
bee
of
the
reformed
and
pure
religion
.
Philip
would
haue
murthered
so
many
thousand
people
,
and
would
haue
butchered
them
like
innocent
lambes
,
which
never
had
given
him
so
much
as
an
ill
word
;
yea
who
alwayes
with
an
especial
Benevolence
and
officiousnesse
,
had
most
willingly
been
obedient
to
his
command
,
over
whom
hee
(
after
the
Emperours
departure
)
had
scarcely
ruled
and
governed
one
yeare
.
So
that
if
in
case
he
from
that
time
to
this
present
(
and
according
to
that
cruel
and
tyrannical
beginning
)
might
haue
runne
out
the
course
of
his
tyranny
,
we
had
been
choked
and
buried
long
agoe
in
our
own
blood
.
Which
of
you
,
ô
Princes
,
is
there
that
maketh
any
doubt
of
the
truth
hereof
,
in
regard
that
the
King
of
France
whom
I
even
now
named
,
did
not
spare
to
advertise
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
when
hee
with
other
Princes
was
concluding
the
peace
of
Passowe●
,
in
the
behalfe
of
King
Philip
)
that
such
an
exceeding
evil
act
was
intended
by
the
wicked
counsels
of
King
Philip
?
But
I
pray
you
,
ô
Princes
,
doe
not
think
that
Philip
undertook
this
for
religion
.
This
was
his
religion
,
that
he
thought
it
a
sin
to
let
any
man
liue
,
who
did
not
hold
and
esteeme
for
good
;
yea
,
and
to
eat
up
as
suger
,
all
his
counsels
and
intents
.
This
did
his
religion
permit
,
and
therefore
hee
made
no
conscience
nor
sinne
,
to
haue
murthered
so
many
thousand
innocent
Burgers
,
to
the
end
that
at
once
all
the
Nobilitie
and
chiefe
of
the
Netherlands
might
haue
been
made
away
.
He
accounted
that
for
no
sin
at
all
,
in
the
warres
of
the
Moriscoes
to
apprehend
an
hundred
marchants
of
Granado
,
and
in
one
night
in
a
tumult
to
out
all
their
throats
and
to
murther
them
.
Not
that
they
were
any
way
suspected
for
their
religion
(
for
they
had
been
alwayes
of
the
Romish
Catholick
beliefe
)
but
for
their
money
and
great
riches
:
For
he
that
was
of
the
least
abilitie
among
them
,
was
worth
fiftie
thousand
Ducates
,
which
treasure
Philip
presently
appoynted
to
be
brought
into
his
treasure
and
Exchequer
.
And
this
is
briefly
what
Philip
himselfe
hath
done
,
as
being
the
head
and
chiefe
Architecture
of
our
miseries
.
Let
us
now
descend
unto
the
times
which
followed
,
after
that
hee
had
left
the
Netherlands
,
and
was
gone
into
Spaine
.
O
these
were
heavy
(
and
by
reason
of
the
abundance
of
calamities
)
most
deadly
times
.
Times
?
The
remembrance
thereof
bringeth
a
deadly
feare
,
horror
,
and
an
extreame
detestable
abhorring
,
unto
the
soules
and
bodies
of
all
good
Patriots
and
lovers
of
their
countrey
.
O
is
not
this
a
miserable
case
,
that
the
Spaniards
,
Moriscoes
,
and
Semi-moriscoes
,
should
haue
had
so
much
right
,
or
farre
rather
so
much
violence
,
over
us
?
who
notwithstanding
were
ready
and
prepared
not
onely
to
haue
left
and
lost
our
goods
,
but
even
our
we●fare
,
wiues
,
children
,
and
our
liues
,
in
the
service
of
the
most
high
God
and
the
King
.
That
we
,
I
say
,
so
suddenly
were
proclaimed
for
rebels
,
and
repugnant
godlesse
heretickes
:
And
after
so
many
provocations
,
instigations
and
injuries
,
being
dejected
and
throwne
down
to
the
ground
,
not
by
one
champion
,
nor
by
one
blow
,
but
by
many
and
grievous
wounds
,
could
scarcely
begge
and
preserue
our
liues
and
soules
of
our
pestilent
enemie
.
Let
us
now
a
little
observe
these
champions
one
after
another
,
according
as
the
ensuing
times
shall
declare
and
manifest
the
same
,
which
Philip
sent
out
of
Spaine
to
be
supreame
Lords
of
the
Netherlands
;
not
that
they
should
be
as
wholsome
and
medicinable
restoratiues
to
our
wounds
:
but
that
they
as
biting
corrisiues
(
sent
from
the
shop
and
store-house
of
all
deceit
and
wickednesse
)
might
bite
open
,
and
make
them
greater
and
more
dangerous
.
Now
if
that
be
true
which
politicians
affirme
,
that
a
man
may
know
and
discerne
the
nature
and
affection
of
the
Prince
,
by
the
condition
and
manners
of
his
friends
,
and
of
those
which
he
useth
for
counsel
and
service
;
Then
let
us
consider
and
see
of
what
qualitie
and
condition
the
King
of
Spaine
is
,
by
those
governors
and
rulers
which
haue
been
sent
from
him
into
the
Netherlands
.
For
when
Phillip
had
layd
the
fast
foundation
and
ground-work
of
his
cruel
and
tyrannical
government
,
hee
concluded
to
returne
againe
into
Spaine
,
to
the
end
that
the
Netherlanders
might
indure
and
suffer
all
kind
of
misery
at
the
hands
of
such
as
were
their
fellow-servants
;
And
that
the
King
as
being
himselfe
absent
,
might
pretend
and
hold
himselfe
as
ignorant
thereof
.
And
first
Margaret
the
Princesse
of
Parma
,
had
the
government
of
these
lands
.
She
was
a
craftie
queane
,
and
exceeding
desirous
to
further
the
Spanish
tyranny
,
who
by
her
manifold
and
continual
complaints
and
accusations
,
aggravated
the
kings
hatred
more
and
more
:
The
king
had
joyned
in
commission
with
her
the
Cardinal
Gran-velle
(
a
man
farre
exceeding
and
surpassing
her
in
perversnesse
,
deceit
,
contention
,
in
understanding
and
courage
)
to
be
her
coadjutor
and
companion
in
this
passage
of
Spanish
tyranny
.
These
two
were
the
Princes
and
Architectures
of
so
many
commotions
.
All
the
civil
warres
were
hatcht
,
effected
and
begun
by
these
two
.
And
like
as
Helena
was
unto
the
Troiancs
,
even
so
were
these
two
to
our
Reipublick
,
the
occasion
of
warre
,
the
occasion
of
plagues
and
spoyle
.
For
that
which
before
was
very
hard
for
Philip
to
effect
by
vehement
force
and
violence
,
that
effected
these
two
,
by
deceit
,
by
trappings
and
underminings
.
For
when
they
at
the
first
did
perceiue
that
they
could
not
effect
their
intent
,
but
under
a
shadow
and
colour
of
religion
to
doe
all
things
contrary
to
our
lawes
and
privileges
.
Then
they
erected
new
Bishops
by
a
new
trick
which
was
unusual
in
the
Netherlands
.
And
these
were
set
as
spies
in
the
great
and
principal
cities
,
both
in
all
general
and
particular
affaires
.
They
espied
and
revealed
what
every
man
intended
and
practised
.
Those
that
were
but
suspected
of
neglecting
the
Romish
religion
,
they
presently
haled
and
cast
them
into
prisons
or
dungeons
,
and
thence
to
most
cruel
punishments
;
and
finally
,
brought
them
to
death
,
confiscating
their
lands
and
goods
to
the
Exchequer
.
And
this
was
the
chiefe
occasion
,
that
the
greatest
part
of
all
those
that
imployed
all
their
endevours
and
diligence
to
stand
for
the
common
good
,
and
seemed
to
preferre
,
as
also
to
place
and
exalt
the
publick
libertie
and
just
lawes
before
the
vile
and
contemptible
enterprises
of
the
Spaniards
;
these
men
were
made
away
.
This
was
that
holy
intent
of
Philip
and
his
Spaniards
;
This
was
that
holy
Inquisition
,
which
so
called
and
nominated
their
most
vile
deeds
,
and
cruel
robberies
,
which
never
before
had
been
heard
of
,
nor
used
in
the
Netherlands
,
which
directly
as
water
doth
contend
and
striue
with
the
condition
and
nature
of
fire
,
did
that
oppugne
our
lawes
:
because
that
no
man
by
such
meanes
might
be
inforced
thereunto
,
neither
by
violence
nor
death
;
yet
by
these
bloudy
judgments
of
the
Spanish
tyranny
,
even
the
principal
and
chiefe
defenders
of
our
natiue
countrey
(
by
false
accusations
)
even
with
their
wiues
and
children
,
were
brought
to
publick
punishments
of
fire
and
sword
.
The
like
used
Tarquinus
Superbus
that
tyrant
(
whereof
wee
spake
before
)
most
vehemently
to
doe
in
such
like
affaires
;
whose
customs
,
manners
,
and
deeds
,
Philip
not
onely
seemeth
carefully
to
aime
at
;
but
even
by
imitation
to
doe
the
like
.
For
that
Roman
tyrant
,
to
the
end
he
might
make
himselfe
feared
and
respected
of
all
men
,
took
onely
notice
of
the
matters
of
life
&
death
,
without
any
counsel
.
And
under
that
pretext
,
he
killed
,
burnt
and
executed
the
bodies
,
and
confiscated
all
the
goods
of
those
whom
he
either
hated
,
or
had
in
any
suspition
;
or
else
from
whom
he
exspected
any
good
booty
.
And
this
very
same
did
Philip
seek
to
doe
,
and
all
the
other
his
counsellors
of
mischiefe
in
the
Netherlands
;
because
they
perswaded
themselues
that
there
was
nothing
more
availeable
nor
fitter
to
cover
their
wicked
designes
,
and
to
discover
our
intendments
and
actions
(
as
well
in
the
general
as
particular
affaires
)
as
was
this
new
care
of
maintaining
and
manumising
of
their
religion
,
which
they
seemed
to
entertain
with
exceeding
great
care
and
diligence
.
For
there
is
nothing
worse
nor
more
dangerous
,
there
is
nothing
which
usually
bringeth
unto
men
more
inconveniences
and
domages
,
then
that
which
is
pretended
and
effected
under
the
shew
and
pretext
of
some
great
commoditie
and
profit
.
But
before
I
wil
proceed
to
demonstrate
how
exceeding
farre
the
institutions
and
the
lawes
of
the
Inquisition
,
opposed
our
lawes
;
How
exceedingly
they
weakned
our
privileges
,
and
the
good
estate
and
welfare
of
our
countrey
;
I
wil
freely
confesse
that
the
Emperour
before
that
time
,
being
moved
by
the
counsel
of
many
,
would
haue
brought
that
most
cruel
Spanish
Inquisition
into
the
Netherlands
,
and
would
haue
instituted
certaine
new
rigorous
lawes
concerning
the
matter
of
religion
:
but
when
he
perceived
that
those
things
could
not
be
accomplished
without
the
greatest
alteration
of
our
Reipublick
and
government
;
And
that
hee
understood
that
all
the
currant
of
our
lawes
were
against
the
same
,
and
made
flat
opposition
:
then
that
good
father
and
preserver
of
our
countrey
,
desisted
from
his
intended
purpose
;
and
by
the
good
and
wholesome
advice
of
the
States
(
who
had
oftentimes
demonstrated
unto
him
wherefore
those
things
could
not
be
established
without
the
great
domage
and
subversion
of
our
lawes
and
privileges
)
he
left
the
same
undone
.
So
that
every
one
may
clearly
see
and
perceiue
,
that
the
diligence
that
this
good
Prince
used
therein
,
and
that
great
care
he
took
therfore
,
that
the
same
should
farre
rather
be
for
our
preservation
,
and
furthering
to
the
common
good
,
then
to
the
hurt
of
the
same
.
But
the
Emperour
being
dead
,
Philip
againe
erected
and
established
that
first
intention
and
counsel
of
the
Inquisition
,
as
a
fast
foundation
and
sure
fortification
of
his
deceits
,
and
treacherous
trappings
,
which
so
long
before
had
been
cast
off
and
rejected
by
the
Emperour
.
So
that
it
seemed
,
that
he
by
a
violent
and
strong
attempt
,
would
quite
subvert
the
state
of
our
Reipublick
,
with
his
most
pestilent
lawes
.
For
he
having
despised
the
advice
,
counsels
,
reasons
and
the
petitions
of
our
States
and
of
our
lawes
,
he
willed
and
commanded
that
it
should
be
so
.
That
new
Bishops
should
be
instituted
and
ordained
over
the
great
cities
.
These
having
diminished
the
revenues
of
many
Abbots
,
as
also
the
Lawes
and
privileges
of
the
principal
of
the
Clergie
,
but
more
especially
having
weakned
and
deposed
the
Bishop
of
Camerick
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Leige
,
they
lived
more
sumptuosly
and
gorgeously
then
they
.
He
ordained
that
there
should
be
nine
Canons
adjoyned
unto
them
,
that
should
be
of
the
same
stuffe
,
and
of
the
same
condition
and
nature
as
the
others
were
.
Out
of
these
nine
especially
should
there
be
three
sought
out
,
of
the
most
severe
and
cruellest
of
them
all
;
who
daily
with
great
earnestnesse
should
look
into
the
affaires
of
the
Inquisition
.
And
that
which
was
farre
worse
,
and
more
intolerable
for
our
libertie
,
these
Bishops
should
not
onely
be
members
in
the
Assembly
of
the
States
;
but
even
there
should
haue
the
most
voyces
.
By
this
meanes
these
confusers
and
disturbers
of
the
Netherlandish
peace
and
tranquilitie
,
did
easily
oppose
the
best
and
profitablest
lawes
and
counsels
of
the
States
,
and
did
weaken
and
debilitate
the
same
even
as
it
pleased
King
Philip
.
They
were
able
and
ready
to
informe
the
Spaniards
(
who
were
enemies
to
our
countrey
)
all
what
the
States
intended
.
For
the
meaning
and
intention
of
Philip
when
he
ordained
them
,
and
admitted
them
into
the
Assembly
of
the
States
;
was
,
that
they
should
not
consent
to
their
wholesome
and
good
counsels
;
neither
if
that
they
could
advise
or
counsel
any
thing
of
themselues
to
the
welfare
of
the
common
good
;
that
they
should
doe
it
;
But
that
he
by
them
,
might
confuse
,
destroy
,
and
breake
the
unitie
of
our
States
,
and
their
uniformitie
of
voyces
in
counselling
;
And
to
bring
such
a
kind
of
counselling
in
treyne
,
which
might
be
most
serviceable
for
his
tyranny
.
Hence
you
may
sufficiently
understand
,
O
most
peaceful
and
illustrious
Princes
,
the
reasons
that
the
States
had
,
and
were
inforced
to
deny
and
detest
that
new
intent
and
meaning
of
Philip
,
and
how
the
same
opposed
our
lawes
.
Yea
and
were
it
for
no
other
,
but
for
this
onely
cause
,
yet
it
must
needs
distate
and
utterly
dislike
them
;
That
strange
Spaniards
and
Italians
might
be
chosen
for
such
Bishops
.
We
saw
and
heard
daily
in
our
Assemblies
and
counsel
of
State
the
filth
and
dregges
of
these
strange
fellowes
,
who
were
exceeding
farre
estranged
from
the
nature
of
the
Netherlanders
:
whereas
our
lawes
had
concluded
and
commanded
(
as
we
haue
sayd
before
)
that
at
no
time
ever
in
the
Netherlands
it
should
happen
,
that
it
was
lawful
for
the
Prince
to
admit
any
stranger
into
the
Assembly
of
the
lands
affaires
or
counsels
.
By
this
subtiltie
and
deceit
Philip
sought
to
bring
in
other
lawes
,
which
might
annihilate
our
lawes
,
and
set
up
his
in
their
place
.
and
to
haue
a
new
councel
in
the
assembly
of
the
States
:
for
he
could
not
make
use
of
the
counsell
of
the
States
for
the
furthering
of
his
tyranny
.
Moreover
I
doe
not
intend
to
passe
by
the
incredible
crueltie
and
severitie
of
this
new
institution
of
these
three
inquisitors
,
or
under-questors
,
which
daily
they
practised
.
We
saw
daily
these
three
hellish
Iudges
keep
cruel
courts
of
Iustice
by
themselues
,
which
was
differing
from
the
courts
of
the
Cities
,
and
of
the
Provinces
.
They
despising
the
common
authoritie
of
the
Magistrates
,
prosecuted
after
a
new
manner
of
law
against
the
offenders
,
as
they
termed
them
;
and
therein
did
accuse
and
condemne
,
without
admitting
any
,
yea
the
least
meanes
for
them
to
answer
for
themselues
,
without
suffering
any
appeale
or
challenge
to
the
higher
powers
,
but
used
their
owne
authoritie
and
their
owne
advice
,
and
so
proceeded
as
it
pleased
their
owne
liking
and
fantasie
,
and
used
(
to
please
their
owne
appetite
)
such
un-heard-of
and
unaccustomed
punishments
,
upon
the
bodies
and
liues
of
such
persons
,
whereof
they
did
but
dreame
that
they
had
violated
or
vilified
the
Romish
religion
:
or
else
they
themselues
by
their
most
villanous
deceits
,
and
trecherous
trickes
,
had
induced
and
set
on
others
to
doe
something
,
by
which
meanes
they
might
be
suspected
to
haue
been
altered
in
their
religion
.
For
they
had
a
custome
to
set
out
daily
certaine
stationers
with
bookes
and
writings
which
did
oppose
the
Romish
Religion
,
and
sent
these
fellowes
to
the
Nobles
and
chiefe
of
the
Prouinces
,
to
the
end
,
that
if
they
did
but
buy
any
of
the
same
,
that
then
presently
,
as
being
offenders
,
for
heresie
,
and
of
a
false
religion
,
they
might
accuse
them
and
condemne
them
.
Like
as
it
is
reporred
of
that
cruel
and
blood-thirsty
beast
Hyana
,
who
for
to
entice
the
people
,
or
such
as
kept
the
cattle
,
to
come
out
of
the
woods
or
sheltring
places
to
them
,
made
great
mourning
and
lamentation
,
to
the
end
she
might
deveure
them
.
Is
not
this
,
most
illustrious
Princes
,
to
abuse
religion
,
godlinesse
and
piety
to
tyranny
?
Is
not
this
to
alter
and
change
the
State
of
the
Reipublick
,
and
to
bring
in
any
novelties
which
might
oppose
the
lawes
or
the
authoritie
of
the
States
in
them
,
according
to
the
wil
and
pleasure
of
Philip
?
Is
not
this
to
punish
a
culpable
Citizen
with
amercements
,
bands
,
o●
blowes
,
contrary
to
the
lawes
of
the
land
,
and
contrary
to
the
authority
and
respect
of
the
magistrate
?
Finally
,
is
not
this
to
prosecute
the
offenders
by
a
course
of
justice
contrary
to
the
lawes
and
customes
of
the
cities
,
or
of
the
publicke
courts
,
and
to
deny
a
man
the
libertie
to
make
his
owne
defence
.
If
then
we
must
consent
unto
Philip
,
and
to
the
Pope
(
which
I
utterly
deny
)
that
for
the
altering
of
religion
in
the
Netherlands
,
such
crueltie
and
bitternesse
must
be
used
.
Yet
we
say
(
that
which
many
with
us
wil
testisie
)
that
many
Netherlanders
were
most
cruelly
butchered
,
which
knew
no
other
religion
,
nor
made
confession
of
no
other
religion
but
the
Romish
religion
,
and
these
that
knew
not
wherfore
they
were
condemned
to
death
:
in
regard
also
they
never
had
trespassed
against
the
lawes
of
the
Inquisition
.
And
considering
,
ô
Princes
,
that
all
the
complaints
and
accusations
which
Philip
maketh
against
us
,
doe
for
the
most
part
,
consist
chiefly
herein
,
that
he
acknowledgeth
and
confesseth
to
haue
used
,
not
onely
this
bringing
in
of
the
Inquisition
,
but
also
this
longduring
warre
,
burnings
,
fierings
,
butcherings
,
and
the
like
,
as
a
sure
medicine
and
helpe
,
for
the
rooting
out
of
heresie
,
and
for
a
special
care
that
he
taketh
for
the
Romish
religion
,
and
the
maintenance
thereof
.
Yet
harken
I
pray
you
with
attention
to
that
which
I
more
amply
shall
declare
unto
you
of
this
matter
,
by
which
very
clearly
you
may
see
and
perceiue
how
exceedingly
his
excessiue
great
subtilties
,
policies
,
dissimulations
and
hypocrisies
doe
maske
themselues
,
and
lurk
under
this
name
of
the
Romish
religion
,
and
how
providently
and
subtilly
Philip
abuseth
his
religion
.
You
know
that
in
former
time
the
Roman
Emperours
,
when
the
Roman
Empire
began
to
decline
,
used
and
took
unto
themselues
,
in
their
titles
the
Name
,
and
in
their
deeds
the
Authority
&
Dignity
of
the
greatest
Pontifices
or
chief
Priests
:
And
now
you
see
Philip
,
who
for
the
enlarging
and
establishing
of
his
Government
,
sets
up
all
his
sailes
to
saile
withal
,
and
roweth
with
all
manner
of
Oares
:
For
though
he
attributeth
not
unto
himselfe
the
vain
and
bare
name
of
the
Pope
of
Rome
?
yet
for
all
that
he
defineth
and
limiteth
the
Popes
will
and
authority
,
with
his
will
and
pleasure
;
yea
,
with
his
desires
and
endevours
:
So
that
which
once
that
famous
and
most
excellent
Poet
Virgil
said
;
That
the
Emperour
Augustus
possessed
a
divided
Kingdome
with
Iupiter
their
chiefe
god
:
we
may
with
more
right
and
reason
say
of
Phillp
;
That
he
with
that
great
government
of
the
Pope
of
Rome
,
hath
so
fast
bound
and
annexed
his
thereunto
,
and
hath
so
established
and
under-propt
his
intents
,
counsell
,
and
will
,
with
his
wil
and
suffrages
;
that
the
Pope
must
hold
for
good
,
consent
and
command
,
all
what
he
will
.
In
such
manner
,
that
we
may
well
affirme
;
that
this
power
and
dignity
of
the
Pope
of
Rome
,
in
very
deed
is
nothing
else
,
but
the
Oracle
of
Delphos
which
alwaies
Phllippeth
.
For
when
Phillip
is
desirous
of
any
great
Kingdom
,
or
mighty
Lands
of
other
Princes
,
which
might
be
serviceable
unto
him
;
let
him
but
make
the
Pope
therwith
acquainted
,
and
write
unto
the
Pope
and
his
counsels
of
Cardinals
,
willing
and
commanding
,
that
for
the
neglect
or
violating
of
Religion
,
the
King
of
France
,
or
the
Queen
of
England
be
no
longer
tollerated
in
their
Kingdomes
;
that
the
Lawes
and
Priviledges
of
the
Netherlanders
may
be
subverted
;
that
they
themselues
might
be
afflicted
with
grievous
punishments
;
that
they
may
be
executed
,
and
their
goods
may
belong
to
them
that
ceaze
upon
them
;
that
is
,
that
they
may
be
mine
:
this
great
Iupiter
shall
presently
consent
,
and
as
it
were
with
this
godly
rod
of
correction
,
giue
unto
this
Plaintiffe
Phillip
the
possessions
of
all
the
other
.
And
this
they
thinke
to
be
a
sufficient
and
lawful
occasion
for
the
making
of
a
warre
,
and
for
the
exercising
of
all
cruelty
;
and
for
the
swallowing
up
of
yours
,
the
next-adjacent
mighty
Kingdomes
;
and
our
Lawes
and
Priviledges
.
And
thinke
not
that
the
Pope
,
or
his
Cardinals
,
may
,
will
,
or
dare
deny
,
or
gaine-say
Phillip
in
that
,
in
regard
,
that
the
Cardinals
,
for
the
most
part
,
are
made
upon
that
condition
,
that
they
may
seldom
or
never
gain-say
or
oppose
;
but
alwaies
are
to
condiscend
to
the
entent
and
desires
of
Phillip
.
I
speak
the
truth
,
ô
Princes
,
and
you
know
that
it
is
so
indeed
,
that
Phillip
ruleth
,
not
simply
with
words
in
the
Councel
at
Rome
,
but
he
hath
brought
such
manner
of
men
into
the
same
,
who
haue
assuredly
promised
to
assist
his
Government
,
and
intention
,
both
in
word
and
deed
:
that
he
giveth
and
sendeth
unto
many
of
the
Cardinals
(
though
I
will
not
say
that
he
yearly
doth
maintain
them
)
exceeding
great
gifts
:
that
he
oftentimes
threatneth
the
Pope
and
the
Cardinals
with
his
displeasure
and
indignation
,
and
publiquely
saith
,
That
he
wil
make
tryal
of
,
and
repair
unto
other
Defendors
of
the
Romish
Religion
,
if
in
case
they
deny
him
that
which
he
desireth
for
the
establishing
of
his
tyrannie
:
For
he
wil
haue
all
his
most
wicked
enterprises
,
surprizings
,
oppressions
,
murthers
&
tyrannies
,
shal
be
published
,
esteemed
&
held
for
good
works
by
the
Pope
of
Rome
.
He
thinketh
it
is
an
injurie
done
unto
him
,
that
any
man
,
in
what
case
soever
,
should
speak
against
him
,
in
regard
he
so
highly
esteemeth
his
own
Authority
,
Majestie
,
and
Dignity
in
such
manner
,
that
the
prosperity
of
all
Christendom
;
yea
,
the
welfare
,
life
,
liberty
,
house
and
home
,
the
meanes
and
good
fortune
of
all
men
,
of
beliefe
and
power
,
must
be
concredited
and
attributed
unto
his
holinesse
.
These
Popes
Sixtus
Quintus
,
and
Gregorie
the
foureteenth
,
thundred
out
of
their
Mausolaeum
of
Trajanus
,
their
impotent
flashings
and
lightnings
,
against
the
person
,
kingdom
,
and
possession
of
the
King
of
France
,
Phillip
made
use
of
these
occasions
for
a
future
warre
:
When
Pope
Sixtus
the
fifth
(
who
was
wiser
and
of
a
liberal
disposition
)
being
afterwards
aware
of
his
ginns
,
traps
and
deceits
,
revoked
the
excommunications
,
envies
,
hatred
and
enmity
.
He
hereby
seemed
exceedingly
to
favour
the
King
of
France
against
Phillip
,
by
which
meanes
he
not
onely
purchased
the
evil
wil
and
the
extreme
hatred
of
all
Spaniards
,
but
also
therby
brought
his
own
life
to
an
end
,
Two
yeares
before
,
Phillip
had
effected
and
brought
to
passe
by
meanes
of
this
Pope
,
that
all
Christians
,
that
should
pray
an
houre
or
two
every
day
upon
their
knees
in
the
Churches
before
the
Altar
,
for
the
peace
of
France
,
that
they
therfore
should
haue
and
obtain
,
certain
thousand
yeares
remission
of
all
their
sinnes
?
And
yet
for
al
this
,
he
was
not
ashamed
in
the
mean
while
to
hinder
,
let
;
yea
,
and
to
forbid
,
that
the
Pope
should
giue
no
audience
unto
the
Legacies
or
Embassage
of
the
Cardinal
Gondius
,
with
the
Marshal
of
Pisa
,
and
the
Duke
of
Nevers
,
who
were
dispatched
and
sent
thither
about
the
peace
in
France
.
Beside
this
,
he
commanded
that
his
Embassadours
should
presently
depart
as
enemy
out
of
Rome
,
as
soon
as
those
Embassadours
of
peace
should
be
admitted
and
tolerated
in
the
Citie
of
Rome
.
But
what
a
mischievous
work
,
and
most
wicked
and
impudent
counsel
was
that
of
Phillip
,
which
he
after
so
many
secret
conspiracies
,
privy
intrappings
,
or
rather
concealed
treacherous
covenants
,
gaue
himselfe
in
France
to
publicke
robberie
and
paracide
,
as
the
murthering
of
a
kinsman
;
Who
by
his
and
other
mens
counsel
and
help
,
under
the
promise
of
an
oath
,
procured
to
Popish
Priest
or
Frier
,
being
suted
in
the
habite
of
a
spiritual
person
,
with
a
very
friendly
countenance
and
familiar
courage
,
without
any
anger
or
shew
of
impatiency
,
without
being
aba●hed
by
reason
of
any
fear
,
did
sheath
his
knife
in
the
body
of
that
great
King
of
France
,
who
was
of
the
bloud
and
kinred
of
the
King
of
Spain
?
Neither
haue
these
Spanish
parasites
and
flatterers
,
feared
to
nominate
and
cal
this
abominable
deed
,
with
that
fair
and
goodly
name
,
saying
,
That
it
was
a
stab
given
from
heaven
.
This
paracide
and
murderer
of
the
King
is
accounted
and
reckoned
among
the
number
of
Saints
.
His
friends
and
kinred
(
as
out
of
dust
and
dirt
,
even
from
their
vile
,
base
,
and
contemptible
estate
,
)
by
the
recommendation
,
command
,
and
assistance
of
Phillip
,
are
advanced
to
great
estate
,
and
to
a
Cardinals
dignity
.
Those
secret
and
lurking
traps
of
treacherie
,
and
those
publick
combustious
flames
of
Christendom
,
which
he
cannot
cleare
,
uphold
and
maintain
,
by
humane
or
publick
justice
;
those
,
his
pestilent
dominion
seeketh
to
cleare
,
free
and
acquit
,
with
the
vizard
and
colourable
deceit
of
Religion
,
and
the
Catholike
name
.
And
therfore
wil
I
by
your
patience
,
ô
Princes
(
having
no
desire
to
revile
,
calumniate
nor
traduce
,
but
out
of
an
ardent
desire
of
piety
,
and
a
longing
desire
to
confesse
the
truth
)
declare
unto
you
,
how
many
evil
parts
,
paracides
,
and
lascivious
lustfulness
doe
lurk
in
Phillips
own
family
,
which
altogether
are
vailed
,
shrouded
,
masked
and
covered
,
with
the
Catholike
name
and
Religion
,
and
are
accounted
for
holy
and
pious
deeds
.
To
the
end
that
he
might
leaue
a
sonne
,
and
a
lawful
inheritance
to
all
his
great
kingdomes
;
He
,
by
an
holy
and
pious
dispensation
,
had
so
much
leaue
,
that
he
might
tyrannically
murther
or
make
away
his
owne
lawful
wise
,
being
the
daughter
and
sister
of
the
kings
Note
here
the
tyrants
crueltie
.
of
France
;
and
in
her
place
to
marry
his
owne
Neece
,
unto
whom
he
was
uncle
.
By
the
Popes
dispensation
it
was
lawful
for
Philip
(
and
that
forsooth
for
an
holy
intention
)
to
make
away
his
owne
son
Charles
the
Prince
of
Spain
;
because
he
seemed
to
be
favourable
and
wellaffected
to
the
Lawes
and
Liberties
of
the
Netherlanders
:
because
also
hee
did
not
altogether
seem
to
consent
to
the
deaths
and
murtherings
of
many
Princes
;
and
because
that
he
said
that
the
Netherlandish
Provinces
were
his
,
and
that
they
were
given
him
at
his
Baptism
.
It
was
also
lawful
for
Philip
to
haue
two
wiues
'
at
one
time
aliue
,
in
one
and
the
same
bonds
of
Matrimony
,
viz.
the
Queen
of
Portugal
,
and
the
Lady
Isabella
Osoria
.
And
what
work
of
proper
and
peculiar
dishonestie
was
not
branded
upon
his
life
?
What
shameful
reproach
and
stain
of
immodesty
is
there
,
which
doth
not
cleaue
and
adhere
unto
his
name
?
Yet
for
all
these
,
he
knowes
how
to
arme
,
and
how
to
defend
and
patronage
the
same
,
with
that
honourable
and
pious
title
of
the
Catholike
King
.
Is
this
the
man
that
wil
invoke
,
inforce
,
and
oblige
others
to
piety
,
and
to
the
exercising
of
Religion
?
Dare
he
for
his
Religion
,
undertake
and
prosecute
a
warre
against
the
Religion
of
all
men
?
Can
he
by
most
cruel
,
and
the
like
not
heard-of
punishments
,
purge
and
absolue
,
the
Religion
of
all
France
,
England
,
Netherland
,
and
all
Christendome
,
wheras
he
himselfe
is
spotted
and
tainted
with
so
many
ill
properties
?
I
think
now
,
ô
Princes
,
that
you
doe
sufficiently
understand
that
Phillip
at
no
time
,
ever
resolved
nor
concluded
to
defend
,
reverence
and
obey
the
Romish
Religion
;
but
it
was
to
serue
his
owne
turn
,
under
the
shew
and
pretence
of
some
piety
,
for
the
defending
of
some
of
his
notorious
and
vile
abuses
,
and
for
all
accidental
matters
and
occasions
,
which
might
befal
his
unjust
and
ambitious
government
.
What
think
you
then
,
that
the
Netherlanders
could
any
longer
tolerate
and
endure
such
like
cruelties
?
By
the
which
all
sorts
of
people
;
yea
,
even
the
very
noblest
and
chiefe
of
the
Nobles
and
Gentrie
(
as
if
they
had
been
beasts
,
without
either
reason
or
speech
)
by
false
accusations
of
neglecting
the
Religion
(
even
to
the
great
rejoycing
of
all
Spaniards
)
should
be
da●ly
butchered
,
to
the
end
that
our
Priviledges
,
to
the
end
that
our
Lawes
,
to
the
end
that
our
Libertie
should
perish
and
be
lost
,
and
that
with
their
liues
,
all
those
that
sought
to
desend
or
maintain
the
same
,
should
die
and
perish
?
Was
it
possible
that
we
could
endure
this
tyrannie
any
longer
,
ô
Princes
?
Was
this
to
maintain
Religion
?
Was
this
vizard
and
coulourable
deceit
of
piety
,
even
to
the
subversion
of
our
liberty
and
liues
,
longer
to
be
maintained
and
to
be
accepted
for
good
?
I
doe
not
think
that
any
man
will
say
so
.
Therfore
meer
necessitie
,
and
the
welfare
of
all
the
Netherlanders
at
the
long-last
required
,
that
the
States
in
these
grievous
accidents
,
should
begin
to
assist
their
Reipublick
,
thus
tending
to
ruine
;
and
to
resist
the
most
cruel
intentions
of
the
most
barbarous
men
.
Neither
doe
the
States
thinke
,
as
yet
,
upon
any
violence
,
Armes
or
warre
:
but
being
more
patient
in
suffering
wrong
,
then
it
is
possible
for
any
man
to
beleeue
,
they
goe
that
way
,
and
take
the
course
;
that
is
,
of
right
and
reason
:
and
with
the
greatest
modestie
that
possible
might
be
,
they
desire
in
a
request
or
petition
to
the
Dutchesse
of
Parma
,
and
doe
admonish
her
;
that
if
she
wil
not
utterly
destroy
the
Reipublik
,
that
she
must
leaue
off
that
new
and
uncredible
rigour
and
severity
of
the
Inquisition
;
and
to
moderate
and
slacken
a
little
that
extreme
raging
furie
:
but
they
were
despised
of
her
,
and
opposed
with
up-braidings
and
revilings
:
they
were
called
Geuses
,
that
is
,
beggars
?
What
people
were
these
?
Such
people
(
or
else
I
would
I
might
not
liue
)
who
for
the
liberty
of
the
Reipublick
,
and
for
the
Law
of
our
Country
,
desired
nothing
else
,
but
that
which
in
all
equity
and
good
right
they
were
bound
to
do
.
By
what
maner
of
people
were
they
thus
reviled
?
By
such
men
indeed
,
which
neither
did
excel
them
in
Nobility
of
birth
,
nor
in
the
aboundance
of
Riches
;
but
in
the
abilitie
of
their
minds
,
in
counsel
and
valour
,
far
unworthier
then
these
excellent
men
and
defenders
of
their
natiue
Countrey
were
.
Peradventure
you
wil
alledge
that
they
were
subjects
.
What
then
?
Did
ever
good
Prince
set
at
naught
the
petitions
and
desires
of
his
subjects
?
Assuredly
King
Artaxerxes
Minemon
the
brother
of
Cyrus
,
did
not
onely
take
leasure
,
and
attend
,
to
hear
all
those
that
desired
any
thing
of
him
,
but
commanded
also
his
Queen
,
that
wheresoever
she
should
be
,
to
take
away
the
Curtaines
or
Tapistry
of
her
Coach
or
Chariot
of
State
,
to
the
end
that
all
those
that
would
,
might
the
more
conveniently
speak
unto
her
.
Titus
Vespasion
said
,
That
he
had
lost
a
day
,
when
he
had
not
daily
bestowed
some
benefit
or
other
upon
some
of
his
subjects
.
But
yet
let
us
giue
way
and
assent
unto
this
abuse
and
revilings
of
the
disdainful
and
shamefully
pufft-up-proud
Spaniard
:
Let
us
far
rather
consider
into
what
danger
our
Reipublick
is
brought
;
As
also
that
neither
the
long
continued
patience
,
nor
those
most
modest
petitions
of
the
States
,
could
any
whit
mittigate
or
mollifie
that
Arrogancie
and
Contumacy
.
The
chiefe
and
best
Lovers
of
our
Liberty
;
the
principal
of
the
Lords
doe
persevere
;
they
make
sute
almost
to
every
Spaniard
that
that
was
at
Court
,
that
was
of
any
special
respect
or
note
,
and
giveth
them
to
understand
the
distressed
estate
of
the
Common-weal
,
praying
and
intreating
them
,
that
they
would
giue
the
Dutchesse
and
the
King
to
understand
in
their
counsel
and
by
letters
,
what
a
darke
and
smoking
shew
of
civil-broiles
and
dissentions
,
threatned
the
most
flourishing
Reipublick
with
great
miseries
and
calamities
;
if
he
did
not
moderate
and
slacken
those
cruelties
,
bloud-sheddings
,
banishments
,
and
that
robbing
of
their
goods
.
But
when
as
they
after
a
long
time
,
by
this
meanes
could
effect
nothing
,
they
sent
the
Earle
of
Egmond
,
as
Embassadour
unto
the
King
,
who
with
letters
from
the
States
,
and
by
word
of
mouth
,
might
relate
unto
the
King
,
the
state
of
the
Reipublick
.
The
King
granted
and
promised
unto
him
,
that
he
would
make
that
all
things
should
goe
wel
,
according
to
the
wish
of
all
the
Netherlanders
:
but
in
the
letters
that
he
gaue
this
Embassadour
,
he
threatned
the
States
with
more
grievous
punishments
.
And
afterward
,
when
the
Emperour
Maximilian
the
second
,
and
all
the
Princes
of
the
Empire
,
being
moved
&
entreated
by
the
Netherlanders
,
to
doe
them
this
benefite
,
that
they
would
intercede
,
intervein
,
and
speak
for
them
unto
King
Phillip
,
and
the
Spaniards
;
to
knit
up
,
and
to
establish
the
peace
.
They
got
for
their
answer
;
they
should
take
care
for
their
own
affaires
,
the
King
knew
wel
enough
how
,
and
in
what
manner
he
must
rule
over
his
Subjects
.
Yet
let
us
omit
these
light
matters
,
if
it
be
a
light
matter
,
after
such
a
peremptory
and
puffed-up
manner
to
answer
an
Emperour
so
,
and
to
disdain
the
Authority
(
or
respect
)
and
the
Recommendation
of
such
Princes
.
If
it
be
a
light
matter
to
disdain
a
Prince
,
the
Embassadour
of
the
Netherlands
;
and
with
vain
pretences
to
salue
up
his
mouth
.
And
let
us
far
rather
speak
of
those
matters
,
whose
viciousnesse
maketh
them
heavie
.
All
this
while
the
States
perceiving
that
Phillips
cruel
tyrannizing
increased
,
and
came
to
an
unmeasurable
greatness
;
they
intreated
the
Dutchesse
,
that
with
her
wil
,
authority
and
respect
,
they
might
for
the
second
time
send
Embassadours
unto
the
King
,
viz.
the
Marquis
of
Berghen
,
and
the
Baron
of
Montigney
;
to
the
end
that
they
by
their
Orations
,
Intercessions
,
and
Intreaties
might
mollifie
and
mittigate
the
exceeding
great
obdurateness
of
the
Kings
cruel
minde
,
which
made
him
altogether
unfencible
.
But
what
became
of
these
Embassadours
?
Were
they
(
as
the
manner
is
)
presented
with
any
gifts
,
or
otherwise
honoured
?
Were
they
answered
?
Were
their
desires
granted
;
or
,
that
which
cannot
be
denyed
by
no
Law
,
were
they
at
least
honourably
discharged
?
O
no
;
the
Marquis
was
made
away
with
poyson
;
and
Montigney
was
carryed
away
by
La
Motto
and
Medina
,
and
was
publiquely
beheaded
:
and
after
this
manner
were
the
Embassadours
of
the
Netherlands
;
after
this
manner
were
these
illustrious
persons
,
and
after
this
manner
were
those
good
Patriots
made
away
,
and
executed
.
Now
the
Spaniards
doe
not
any
longer
rend
and
teare
the
Civil
Lawes
;
but
the
Law
of
Nature
;
the
Law
of
Nations
is
by
them
violated
,
scandalized
and
broken
.
What
need
I
say
more
?
To
what
end
should
I
proceed
further
to
demonstrate
and
proue
that
our
warre
is
lawful
and
holy
against
Phillip
?
Considering
that
this
one
wicked
act
;
this
deed
worthy
to
be
punished
,
doth
sufficiently
deserue
and
merit
,
not
onely
to
defend
our selues
,
but
that
we
our selues
once
may
hope
to
suppresse
that
Tyrant
himselfe
in
his
own
Kingdom
of
Spain
.
For
this
our
manner
of
dealing
,
this
lawfulnesse
of
our
warre
doth
shine
unto
all
Nations
of
the
earth
,
even
from
nature
it selfe
,
yea
,
it
is
tolerated
even
of
the
immortal
God
himselfe
.
If
any
Embassadour
of
the
Romanes
by
any
manner
of
meanes
were
endamaged
(
if
he
were
not
publickly
satisfied
)
the
custome
of
the
Romanes
was
to
proclaim
warre
against
that
Citie
;
and
because
that
their
Embassadours
were
proudly
resisted
in
the
Citie
of
Corinth
,
they
razed
the
Citie
topsey-turvey
.
Because
that
their
Fidenish
Embassadour
,
by
the
command
of
Laertes
Tolumnius
King
of
Viento
was
executed
,
they
set
up
the
pictures
of
them
,
and
promised
great
summes
of
mony
to
them
that
could
apprehend
of
them
;
and
finally
they
be
g●●t
the
Citie
and
people
of
Viento
with
a
siege
,
and
with
bloudy
warre
.
The
same
Citie
haue
the
Tarentines
,
by
a
cruel
warre
brought
under
the
yoke
of
their
government
,
because
that
they
had
handled
their
Embassadours
somewhat
too
saucily
.
But
we
passe
by
those
things
which
haue
happened
neer
at
hand
,
and
goe
to
matters
which
haue
been
done
far
from
us
.
Because
that
in
our
time
Fregosius
and
Rinas
Embassadours
of
the
King
of
France
were
put
to
death
,
the
Emperour
using
connivance
,
or
rather
annuence
in
the
acting
of
that
inhumane
deed
,
almost
all
Christendom
was
set
on
fire
by
that
war
.
For
the
Romanes
had
shewed
by
their
example
or
fore-act
,
and
by
their
most
provident
deeds
in
former
times
,
what
the
Emperor
in
such
an
horrible
matter
ought
to
haue
done
;
for
they
delivered
Manlium
and
Minutium
over
to
the
enemy
,
because
they
somewhat
too
lewdly
had
abused
their
Embassadours
,
the
which
by
the
Fecial
,
or
Law
of
Arms
was
forbidden
.
And
that
Law
for
abusing
Embassadours
is
not
onely
established
by
human
Laws
,
but
also
by
the
Law
of
God
,
like
as
the
holy
Scripture
testifieth
unto
us
.
For
assuredly
I
know
,
that
never
any
Prince
,
with
greater
severity
,
did
revenge
the
death
,
or
the
abuse
of
his
Embassadours
more
then
did
King
David
(
the
godly
Prophet
of
the
most
high
God
)
against
Hanun
King
of
the
Ammonites
;
Because
that
they
abusing
his
Embassadours
,
had
shaved
off
the
halfe
of
their
beards
,
and
cut
off
their
garments
in
the
middle
.
O
how
many
plagues
?
O
how
much
bloud-shed
?
What
cruel
and
unheard-ost
deeds
happened
for
this
abuse
?
But
the
day
would
fa●le
me
if
I
should
repeat
all
the
acts
of
such
like
deeds
.
As
of
Aulius
Varrus
(
who
was
accounted
for
a
very
severe
Iudge
)
had
wont
to
say
,
when
witnesses
were
produced
,
and
also
others
named
:
These
Witnesses
(
saith
he
)
are
sufficient
,
or
else
I
know
not
what
may
be
sufficient
.
So
haue
I
produced
examples
or
fore-deeds
sufficiently
to
proue
,
how
horrible
ill
it
is
for
a
Prince
,
as
also
for
all
men
to
put
to
death
the
Ambassadour
of
a
commonaltie
;
and
that
such
an
evil
deed
ought
to
be
punished
with
war
and
with
death
.
Certainly
the
name
of
an
Embassadour
ought
to
bee
so
respected
,
and
of
such
dignity
,
that
those
who
beare
the
name
thereof
,
ought
to
be
free
,
not
onely
within
the
Iurisdiction
of
their
confederates
,
but
even
in
the
midst
of
the
arrowes
,
swords
,
pikes
,
and
shot
of
their
enemies
.
Verily
if
ever
,
or
at
any
time
it
happened
,
that
any
barbarous
man
or
Prince
,
were
moved
either
by
necessity
,
or
by
any
other
occasion
,
to
put
to
death
the
Ambassadors
of
their
enemies
,
they
haue
done
the
same
then
either
privately
or
covertly
by
some
secret
plotting
;
but
Philip
,
that
inhumane
tyrant
of
all
Christendome
(
I
can
no
longer
refrain
my selfe
from
giving
him
that
name
)
Philip
(
I
say
)
at
what
time
the
Ambassadour
of
his
subjects
,
an
obedient
people
,
and
no
enemies
,
came
unto
him
,
is
by
sentence
of
the
Iudges
,
publickly
condemned
,
and
caused
openly
to
be
beheaded
by
the
Executioner
.
Wherefore
?
Because
he
was
come
unto
him
with
a
supplication
or
request
for
the
welfare
of
his
natiue
countrey
;
with
a
legacie
or
Embassage
,
as
Embassadour
of
the
Netherlands
.
Could
the
Netherlanders
then
affect
,
loue
,
and
be
obedient
unto
his
government
?
Alas
,
alas
,
yes
,
as
if
they
had
quite
forgotten
all
those
injuries
,
they
longed
and
wished
daily
for
his
comming
,
for
to
enjoy
his
presence
was
all
their
vehement
and
earnest
desire
.
For
both
by
letters
and
by
Ambassadors
the
king
at
divers
times
most
earnestly
was
sought
unto
;
that
he
would
once
againe
returne
into
the
Netherlands
;
and
that
he
himselfe
might
see
and
perceiue
,
with
what
good
wil
and
affection
every
one
was
ready
to
entertaine
,
and
to
obserue
his
honest
and
reasonable
precepts
and
commandements
.
So
that
if
there
were
any
thing
,
that
either
the
crueltie
,
or
the
malevolence
of
those
great
commanding
Lords
,
could
not
performe
nor
dispatch
,
then
he
himselfe
might
order
and
redresse
the
same
.
Finally
,
if
there
were
any
thing
,
which
either
by
the
negligence
or
carelesnesse
of
his
subjects
was
decayed
;
that
he
by
his
moderation
and
Benevolence
might
reestablish
and
bring
into
a
better
course
.
At
the
long-last
it
was
verily
beleeved
that
the
States
by
their
intreaty
had
allured
the
king
thereunto
,
that
he
promised
to
returne
into
the
Netherlands
,
and
to
performe
all
this
.
O
what
joy
,
mirth
,
and
rejoycing
was
then
aboundantly
powred
into
the
minds
of
all
the
Netherlanders
?
With
what
great
good
wil
and
desire
did
they
look
for
their
king
and
Prince
?
How
great
and
exceeding
costly
was
all
the
preparation
and
provision
of
the
nobilitie
?
How
did
the
hearts
of
the
commonaltie
then
leape
and
dance
in
their
bellies
for
joy
?
And
who
is
able
to
recken
up
the
super-abounding
charges
which
the
whole
Reipublik
by
their
especiall
bounty
and
loue
,
did
free-willingly
poure
out
,
for
the
furnishing
and
sumptuous
provision
of
two
Fleets
,
the
one
fleet
to
fetch
the
King
himselfe
with
his
Nobles
that
accompanied
him
,
and
his
servants
and
guard
that
attended
him
;
which
fleet
was
exceedingly
provided
,
and
furnished
aboundantly
with
all
delicate
provision
;
and
rode
at
anker
in
Spain
,
attending
to
receiue
the
king
,
when
it
should
please
him
,
and
to
bring
him
over
.
The
other
Fleet
was
in
Zealand
,
ready
prepared
for
the
greater
securitie
and
magnificent
state
,
to
haue
met
the
King
at
sea
,
as
soone
as
he
should
haue
gone
aboord
the
other
fleet
in
Spain
.
The
affections
,
good-wils
,
and
the
especial
loue
of
the
Netherlanders
unto
the
King
,
was
so
great
,
that
although
they
had
been
disturbed
,
moved
,
and
affrighted
with
his
government
,
with
so
many
evils
and
injuries
;
and
by
his
precepts
and
commandements
were
brought
into
so
many
and
great
perils
and
dangers
;
that
yet
for
all
these
they
wished
for
him
(
whom
in
his
continual
absence
they
did
reverence
with
all
officiousnesse
)
to
see
him
in
their
natiue
countrey
,
in
their
Reipublick
,
that
they
might
behold
,
receiue
,
and
embrace
him
with
the
armes
of
their
benefits
.
I
haue
according
to
my
abilitie
made
relation
of
most
of
those
things
which
happened
under
the
government
of
Margaret
Dutchesse
of
Parma
.
Now
there
remaineth
to
declare
some
things
which
happened
under
the
Duke
of
Alva
.
And
first
,
this
I
wil
say
of
him
,
That
like
as
it
is
sayd
of
Hannibal
of
Carthage
,
that
hee
as
yet
being
but
a
child
of
nine
yeares
of
age
,
made
an
oath
unto
his
father
before
the
altar
,
that
he
for
ever
would
be
enemy
unto
the
Romanes
;
even
so
it
seemeth
that
naturally
this
Alva
was
born
and
brought
up
to
hate
us
,
to
spol
us
,
and
to
be
our
destruction
.
For
he
came
not
into
our
countrey
as
others
did
,
to
be
viceroy
,
or
the
Kings
Lieutenant
;
but
came
praunsing
into
our
confines
,
as
an
enemy
with
a
great
hoast
of
armed
Spaniards
,
and
other
old
Souldiers
,
out
of
the
kingdomes
and
garrisons
of
Sicilia
,
Naples
,
and
Milaine
.
The
King
had
given
him
in
charge
,
that
hee
with
all
earnestnesse
should
goe
on
and
proceed
to
disturbe
,
pervert
,
and
confound
the
order
,
and
institution
of
our
government
.
And
that
he
both
privately
and
publickly
,
should
execute
every
one
which
resisted
his
government
,
and
should
make
away
all
those
who
in
the
least
ceremony
,
omitted
,
or
neglected
rhe
Romish
religion
.
The
King
placed
this
General
in
such
authoritie
over
the
Netherlands
,
although
hee
were
not
of
his
bloud
nor
kindred
,
although
that
our
lawes
require
that
the
Governour
(
as
is
before
sayd
)
must
be
of
the
blood
and
kindred
of
the
Prince
.
Yet
for
all
this
,
the
Netherlanders
receiue
him
,
with
the
greatest
respect
and
dignitie
,
and
admitted
him
with
the
greatest
obedience
and
submission
into
their
Reipublick
and
cities
,
as
soon
as
they
understood
,
that
the
care
and
charge
of
their
defence
was
given
and
committed
unto
him
,
by
their
King
,
Prince
,
or
chiefe
Lord
.
But
as
soon
as
the
Duke
of
Alva
came
into
the
cities
of
the
Netherlands
,
intending
to
bring
us
into
all
kinde
of
misery
and
calamitie
;
He
took
an
other
course
,
after
another
maner
and
fashion
then
the
former
did
to
effect
and
bring
to
passe
the
kings
wil
&
command
.
For
first
,
he
presently
banished
,
dispersed
,
&
droue
away
al
the
Chiefes
,
the
principal
of
the
Nobles
,
out
of
all
the
Provinces
of
the
Netherlands
,
who
had
subscribed
their
names
in
that
request
or
petition
,
or
those
that
had
banded
themselues
in
that
covenant
to
maintaine
the
libertie
of
their
natiue
countrey
,
not
unlike
those
who
had
suffered
themselues
to
be
shot
up
in
the
Trojane
horse
.
And
although
during
the
government
of
the
governante
of
Parma
,
an
innumerable
company
of
people
were
executed
for
religion
with
fire
,
water
,
sword
,
and
other
shameful
deaths
;
yet
he
thought
that
way
and
meanes
not
to
be
good
enough
,
but
thought
that
there
was
another
way
to
be
found
out
by
which
many
more
might
be
executed
.
And
therefore
he
ordained
another
counsel
which
should
haue
the
authoriti●
to
condemne
,
and
to
execute
all
those
which
either
seemed
to
be
suspected
of
religion
,
of
rebellion
,
or
contumacie
.
This
counsel
they
named
with
its
proper
name
,
The
bloodie
Counsell
.
And
although
that
by
this
counsel
he
had
cut
the
throats
and
liues
of
so
many
men
;
that
it
seemed
,
they
wold
almost
fil
the
Netherlands
with
the
bloud
of
the
most
innocent
men
;
yet
could
not
that
most
cruel
and
unsatiable
mind
of
Alva
be
satisfied
;
neither
could
all
this
great
blood-shed
quench
his
long-during
bloud-thirstie
mind
,
For
he
thought
that
there
was
not
halfe
enough
blood
spilt
,
when
as
he
boasted
himselfe
,
that
onely
with
bands
,
blowes
,
swords
,
and
all
kind
of
cruel
punishment
used
by
the
hang-man
,
he
had
executed
eighteene
thousand
men
.
So
that
I
am
verily
perswaded
,
that
Alva
thought
to
make
his
name
famous
by
crueltie
,
in
regard
he
accounted
crueltie
for
such
honor
and
commendation
.
Like
as
we
read
of
Lucius
Sulla
,
who
boasted
himselfe
in
the
Trium-virat
,
that
hee
had
caused
foure
legions
of
the
other
side
to
be
executed
,
which
had
yeelded
up
themselues
in
a
common
field
upon
his
promise
;
and
that
he
had
done
other
cruel
deeds
.
But
among
all
the
acts
which
are
most
remarkable
that
were
done
by
the
helpe
and
conduction
of
the
Duke
of
Alva
,
whereof
he
most
boasteth
,
and
for
which
he
most
vaunteth
himselfe
,
was
,
that
he
by
false
accusation
,
for
rebellion
and
contumacie
,
had
condemned
two
of
the
most
noblest
Lords
,
viz.
the
Earles
of
Egmond
and
Horne
,
and
certaine
other
Nobles
of
great
houses
,
and
had
caused
them
publickly
to
be
executed
by
the
hang-man
at
Brussels
,
O
how
bitter
were
these
executions
to
our
natiue
countrey
!
How
grievous
were
they
to
all
honest
and
true-hearted
people
!
Yet
all
that
whatsoever
I
shal
speak
of
Alva
,
and
of
all
the
other
commanders
of
the
Netherlanders
;
or
haue
spoken
of
them
,
you
must
,
ô
Princes
,
so
understand
the
same
,
&
perswade
your selues
,
that
they
neither
attempted
,
nor
performed
any
thing
which
was
not
onely
according
to
the
wil
and
knowledge
of
Philip
,
but
was
also
by
his
counselling
put
in
execution
.
For
the
posts
and
messengers
of
this
counsel
rode
stil
to
and
fro
.
And
if
all
these
things
had
not
been
done
by
the
wil
and
counsel
of
the
King
,
which
these
commanders
and
counsellors
did
;
he
would
not
indeed
so
haue
honored
,
advanced
,
&
rewarded
them
,
with
honors
,
offices
,
and
rewards
,
as
signes
and
tokens
of
their
good
carriage
,
when
he
called
them
home
out
of
the
Netherlands
.
The
Cardinal
Gran-velle
he
made
vice-roy
,
or
Lieutenant
of
Neples
;
Alva
he
appointed
over
the
kingdome
of
Portugall
,
and
reverenced
him
as
his
father
.
So
that
I
assuredly
perswade
my selfe
,
that
Alva
confesseth
himselfe
that
he
by
the
command
and
commission
of
his
King
Philip
,
by
violence
,
and
most
unjustly
by
force
of
Armes
,
sought
to
get
from
us
the
tenth
and
twentieth
peny
.
By
which
dealing
he
not
onely
digressed
from
the
wil
of
the
States
,
their
consent
and
pleasure
,
but
even
from
the
Lawes
themselues
,
and
reason
;
when
he
presently
did
punish
both
by
Amercements
and
death
,
all
those
,
who
against
his
intolerable
taxation
spake
but
any
one
word
of
the
libertie
and
Lawes
of
the
Reipublick
.
One
businesse
he
did
without
the
knowledge
of
his
Philip
,
by
his
owne
authoritie
and
power
,
when
as
he
taxing
an
Alderman
of
Amsterdam
,
by
his
most
unjust
Taxation
,
drew
from
him
twelue
thousand
and
six
hundred
guldens
.
But
Alva
confesseth
himselfe
,
that
this
must
be
registred
under
his
co●●enages
.
Let
us
now
proceed
to
greater
and
weightier
matters
.
Mark
,
I
pray
you
,
this
mans
crueltie
,
or
that
I
may
the
better
expresse
it
,
this
most
raging
beast
.
Alva
before
,
had
but
tasted
of
the
Citizens
blood
;
now
he
was
desirous
to
drinke
of
the
same
in
ful
carrowses
,
to
quench
his
blood-thirstinesse
;
and
that
end
he
made
Emanuel
de
Maer
off●●me●h
70
Citizens
,
and
Mr.
Guilielmus
in
his
Morning
Wacker
.
confirmes
it
.
choyce
of
17
of
the
chiefest
Citizens
of
Brussels
;
which
citizens
,
because
they
had
but
onely
in
words
opposed
his
most
unjust
and
●ver-great
taxation
;
he
commanded
that
all
of
them
in
one
night
should
be
strangled
.
But
hearken
,
I
pray
you
,
what
diligence
,
consideration
and
leisure
Alva
used
to
invent
and
to
appoint
this
manner
of
punishment
;
and
consider
that
he
as
a
good
iustructer
and
master
of
the
hangman
,
prescribed
unto
them
what
provision
should
best
serue
to
execute
them
withal
,
and
how
the
same
must
be
us●d
and
applied
.
For
he
had
told
the
hangman
(
master
Charles
by
name
)
that
he
must
be
provided
of
seventeene
ropes
to
strangle
those
Citizens
whereof
we
haue
spoken
.
He
should
also
make
ready
so
many
ladders
of
ten
or
twelue
foot
long
,
for
in
that
night
he
would
dispatch
that
work
.
Yet
Alva
proceeded
not
in
this
matter
,
for
when
all
things
were
ready
,
and
when
(
for
their
greater
securitie
)
the
soldier
stood
ready
in
their
Armes
to
doe
this
;
there
came
just
at
that
same
t●me
,
a
me●●enger
,
who
brought
newes
,
that
our
men
had
wonne
and
taken
in
the
Brill
againe
.
Very
shortly
aft●r
,
as
if
he
had
had
to
doe
with
enemies
,
he
began
a
most
cruel
warre
,
and
besieged
the
chiefe
cities
,
surprised
them
,
and
with
the
most
lamentable
burnings
,
robberies
,
and
most
abhominable
murthers
,
he
destroyed
,
subverted
,
and
extirpated
them
.
Those
cities
which
he
took
in
by
composition
,
by
accord
,
upon
condition
and
promise
,
and
upon
his
faith
,
surrendred
themselues
,
yet
all
this
could
not
defend
them
,
nor
divert
him
from
his
most
cruel
violations
,
and
un-heard-of
wicked
and
inhumane
deeds
.
When
he
had
taken
in
the
the
towne
of
Naerden
,
he
then
first
sent
for
foure
hundred
of
the
Citizens
,
out
of
their
houses
to
come
to
the
Towne-hall
,
as
if
there
he
would
haue
published
some
thing
unto
them
;
that
every
one
of
them
,
because
they
were
agreed
with
their
enemies
,
and
reposed
themselues
upon
his
faith
and
promises
,
that
they
should
be
kept
safe
and
harmlesse
both
in
body
and
goods
:
There
were
they
all
of
them
pittifully
murthered
.
From
thence
the
Spanish
Souldiers
ranged
up
and
downe
as
if
hell
had
been
broken
loose
,
to
the
performance
of
all
vitious
attempts
,
and
filthy
violations
;
And
first
,
they
ravished
and
defloured
all
the
modest
and
honest
women
,
widowes
and
virgins
,
and
afterwards
murthered
them
.
The
children
and
most
innocent
sucking
babes
,
who
with
their
innocent
cries
ought
to
haue
molified
the
raging
furie
of
their
crueltie
,
were
broched
upon
pikes
,
rent
and
cut
in
peeces
:
which
things
haue
ever
been
so
abhominable
and
detestable
unto
all
reasonable
souls
,
that
they
,
even
yet
unto
this
day
,
and
daily
are
abashed
and
amazed
when
they
but
heare
these
things
spoken
of
.
And
I
pray
you
what
manner
of
crueltie
and
furie
used
he
when
he
had
taken
in
Haerlem
and
other
townes
,
to
their
extreame
oppression
and
spilling
of
blood
?
Come
hither
all
you
Philarides
,
Accurre
hither
Busirides
,
Sullae
,
Neroes
,
Domitians
,
Caligulaes
,
behold
and
view
,
be
astonished
with
admiration
,
be
amazed
at
the
crueltie
of
Alva
;
was
not
his
crueltie
and
oppression
great
,
who
had
not
one
onely
joynt
of
his
body
free
from
mischiefe
?
His
tongue
was
full
of
deceit
and
perjurie
,
his
hands
defiled
with
innocent
blood
,
his
feet
were
swift
to
the
subversion
and
destruction
of
the
common-wealth
:
and
those
members
which
in
modesty
may
not
be
named
,
were
aboue
measure
ignominio●s
.
Yet
among
many
other
deeds
that
Alva
atchieved
,
let
not
this
our
discourse
forget
not
turne
over
one
,
which
is
very
remarkable
;
And
first
let
me
ask
him
this
question
.
What
joyfuller
day
canst
thou
remember
,
ô
Alva
,
,
which
was
so
joyfull
and
delightsome
unto
thee
,
as
when
thou
(
with
unaccustomed
and
invented
punishments
and
tortures
,
hadst
executed
so
many
thousands
of
most
innocent
people
;
when
thou
hadst
so
possest
all
the
Netherlanders
with
such
an
amazement
of
thy
cruel
tyranny
;
when
thou
hadst
scattered
and
dispersed
the
accession
of
all
the
Nobles
and
Gentlemen
,
who
intended
to
haue
gone
to
the
Prince
of
Orange
)
hadst
passed
by
shipping
the
Mase
,
and
wast
returned
into
Antwerpe
,
and
hadst
erected
that
Trophae
(
or
image
of
victo●●
)
of
thine
,
and
all
the
Spaniards
cruell
tyranny
?
Behold
,
I
pray
you
,
ô
Princes
,
mark
and
take
notice
of
this
mans
arrogancie
and
insolencie
.
Alva
erected
unto
himselfe
an
image
in
the
middle
of
the
castle
of
Antwerpe
.
The
figure
or
representation
was
this
:
He
stood
uprig
〈…〉
with
his
feet
upon
the
backes
of
the
States
,
and
of
the
Netherlanders
,
who
lay
stretched
out
along
upon
the
ground
.
This
representation
,
this
Trophae
,
did
this
frantick
conquerour
erect
unto
h●mselfe
,
b●cause
no
man
else
did
or
would
attribute
the
same
unto
him
.
What
was
then
yet
wanting
more
,
but
that
he
alwayes
might
triumph
and
brag
as
he
was
worthy
,
with
such
triumphant
and
victorious
honor
?
That
he
sitting
with
a
s●●rt
of
male
,
d●●d
with
the
blood
of
the
Citizens
,
should
be
drawne
forwa●ds
:
That
a
Page
should
present
unto
him
a
crowne
yet
w●t
and
dropping
with
the
blood
that
was
newly
spilt
.
Before
his
Chariot
should
be
led
the
Netherlandish
widowes
and
orphanes
?
Before
him
should
be
borne
the
tender
bodies
of
sucking
babes
,
and
the
heads
of
so
many
innocent
people
stickt
upon
pickes
.
The
representation
of
the
burnings
,
destructions
,
and
of
his
cruell
slaughters
and
murthers
,
should
also
bee
represented
.
This
triumphant
chariot
should
be
drawne
by
the
dead
bodies
of
our
States
,
and
of
the
best
Patriots
.
And
after
this
so
victorious
a
conquerour
should
many
thousands
follow
of
Sergeants
,
Hangmen
,
Torturers
and
murtherers
,
with
naked
swords
,
roddes
,
ropes
,
clogges
,
clubbes
,
bands
,
and
other
torturing
provision
.
All
the
States
of
the
provinces
then
being
irritated
and
provoked
by
so
many
injuries
and
calamities
,
resolued
with
such
a
valiant
disposition
and
generall
consent
of
voyces
(
as
I
haue
sayd
already
)
to
spend
their
liues
,
meanes
and
goods
for
the
delivering
of
the
Netherlanders
,
and
for
the
prosperitie
thereof
.
Although
that
they
did
as
every
wise
man
and
good
Citizen
ought
to
doe
,
and
unwillingly
prepares
for
a
civil
warre
,
and
not
to
prosecute
all
things
to
the
uttermost
)
very
difficulty
,
and
by
compulsion
undertook
the
warre
.
For
they
saw
that
there
was
no
other
means
left
to
escape
the
shamefullest
death
,
and
the
most
detestable
slavery
of
the
Spaniards
.
They
saw
that
their
letters
,
supplications
and
Embassages
helped
them
not
.
That
your
mediation
,
O
most
illustrious
Emperour
.
nor
your
intercession
and
intervention
,
●●st
mightie
and
most
peaceful
Princes
,
availed
them
not
;
That
there
was
nothing
left
unto
them
,
but
onely
to
take
Armes
,
wherewith
they
might
cast
off
that
yoke
of
bondage
from
their
neckes
.
Like
unto
one
that
being
in
a
shippe
,
and
chased
by
Pyrates
,
and
one
should
say
unto
him
,
Leape
out
of
the
shipp
,
for
there
is
a
Dolphin
which
will
carry
thee
upon
his
backe
,
as
once
he
did
Arion
of
Methiranum
,
as
the
Poets
doe
feigne
.
Or
as
the
horses
of
the
Heathens
sea-god
Neptune
,
as
it
is
reported
in
old
time
,
drew
the
hanging
waggon
.
So
shall
you
unawares
by
some
body
be
drawne
forward
,
and
brought
whither
you
desire
,
like
as
hee
(
being
a
heathen
)
should
lay
aside
all
feare
;
even
so
,
so
many
terrible
,
rigorous
and
infinite
ctosses
and
calamities
,
oppressing
the
Netherlands
;
the
States
relying
upon
God
,
doe
take
Armes
;
and
trusting
in
him
,
as
their
onely
hope
,
to
obtaine
againe
their
libertie
.
This
hope
hath
the
high
God
,
even
from
the
beginning
,
stirred
up
and
augmented
in
them
,
when
they
saw
the
towne
of
Brill
,
Vlissing
,
and
other
forti●ications
of
the
Netherlands
to
be
taken
in
againe
,
and
other
worthy
acts
and
deeds
,
which
were
done
with
a
valorous
und
warlick
courage
;
so
that
the
Spaniards
then
began
to
runne
more
slowly
in
their
paths
and
beaten
way
of
tyranny
;
and
procured
certaine
in
their
behalfe
,
which
promised
peace
to
the
Netherlanders
,
if
they
very
humbly
would
pray
and
intreat
the
same
of
the
King
.
The
States
also
seeing
that
their
natiue
countrey
was
much
weakned
by
the
cruelty
and
rigor
of
warre
,
ceased
not
to
counsel
and
advise
to
peace
and
unitie
.
Oh
that
this
counsell
and
advice
to
the
Spanish
peace
,
had
never
entred
into
the
mindes
and
thoughts
of
the
States
:
but
that
all
their
affections
had
much
rather
been
united
everlastingly
,
alwayes
and
without
ceasing
,
to
haue
assaulted
,
opposed
,
and
by
warre
to
haue
attempted
against
the
Spaniard
.
Our
Reipublick
had
then
stood
&
flourished
,
&
the
enemy
with
all
his
wicked
imaginations
and
treacheries
,
with
shame
and
dishonour
had
fallen
.
For
wheras
in
the
affections
of
our
Netherlands
remained
yet
certain
sparkes
of
the
former
loue
and
inclination
,
to
the
King
of
their
Reipublick
?
so
they
,
with
an
especial
and
careful
modesty
,
and
milde
meekness
,
desired
and
propounded
the
most
lawful
and
just
conditions
of
peace
,
which
the
Spaniard
promised
alwaies
to
keep
and
maintain
unviolably
.
But
they
had
promised
that
upon
a
false
and
dissembling
ground
,
to
the
end
that
they
might
take
some
ease
,
and
might
rest
by
that
meanes
from
the
warre
;
and
afterwards
might
with
the
greater
violence
and
force
renew
and
begin
the
warre
again
.
For
in
that
same
yeare
did
this
most
cruel
enemy
run
over
the
whole
Netherlands
with
his
Armes
:
The
Souldiers
were
inforced
to
setire
into
the
distressed
Townes
;
all
the
good
Citizens
and
Burgers
,
were
robbed
and
spoyled
of
all
their
gold
,
silver
,
and
all
their
other
meanes
:
and
Antwerpe
was
so
wholly
,
so
miserably
,
and
so
pittifully
spoyled
,
burnt
and
destroyed
:
that
even
the
description
of
this
one
act
of
theirs
,
maketh
a
whole
volume
or
book
in
our
Chronicle
or
book
of
Remembrances
.
Leyden
was
for
the
second
time
belegred
,
to
the
great
danger
and
hinderance
of
their
best
and
ablest
Citizens
.
Afterward
was
Vtrecht
(
a
great
and
mighty
Citie
situate
upon
the
Rhyne
)
used
with
the
like
cruelty
as
Antwerpe
had
beene
.
Our
people
then
adding
and
applying
to
their
great
heart-griefe
,
this
calamity
,
to
their
former
calamities
;
could
nor
were
able
any
longer
to
indure
this
cruel
government
:
but
like
men
revived
,
begann
their
former
warre
with
a
valiant
Resolution
,
and
so
carryed
the
businesse
,
that
every
one
had
hope
and
courage
that
the
Reipublick
,
(
the
Land
and
Comonalty
)
would
be
brought
to
good
effect
.
But
the
Spaniards
the
second
time
,
laid
the
hand
of
their
deceit
upon
our
hope
,
and
offered
peace
again
unto
the
Netherlanders
;
wherunto
they
were
the
more
easily
induced
,
in
regard
that
all
honest
and
good
men
haue
a
loathing
and
detestation
of
all
those
bloud-sheddings
and
out-rages
,
which
warre
occasioneth
.
The
remembrance
of
the
former
rest
,
caused
them
the
more
earnestly
to
attend
to
their
peace-counselling
,
which
they
very
faithfully
intended
&
entertained
;
perswading
themselues
,
that
therin
was
no
hypocrisie
nor
deceit
:
For
the
more
honest
a
man
is
,
the
lesse
suspition
hath
he
of
another
mans
dishonestie
.
So
that
by
the
interposing
of
the
Emperour
Maximilian
the
second
,
there
was
a
new
peace
made
and
concluded
at
Breda
;
which
peace
by
the
Spaniards
had
the
like
beginning
,
and
the
like
event
as
the
former
had
.
For
they
provided
and
fortified
themselues
in
the
mean
while
for
warre
,
whose
eies
were
still
gazing
upon
us
for
our
destruction
.
And
that
same
yeare
they
surprized
the
Townes
of
Buerin
,
Leerdam
,
and
O●de-water
;
they
beleagred
Zirieck-sea
,
and
in
the
end
they
turn
again
to
the
former
robbing
and
roving
,
burning
and
firing
,
and
to
the
most
cruel
tortering
of
Citizens
that
could
be
invented
.
All
these
,
and
many
more
the
like
,
betyded
us
in
the
time
that
Requisenius
ruled
and
commanded
the
Reipublick
,
whom
the
King
thought
most
fitting
and
worthy
to
succeed
Alva
in
the
government
,
and
in
the
dealing
which
he
had
used
,
as
we
haue
said
before
,
whom
a
sudden
and
unexpected
death
surprized
,
cutting
asunder
the
threeds
of
the
first
desires
and
endevourings
of
this
great
Commander
,
whilst
he
was
praunsing
and
gallopping
through
the
treacheries
of
the
Spanish
tyrannie
.
That
which
the
King
of
Spain
could
not
bring
to
passe
by
this
tyrant
,
that
he
assayed
to
effect
by
new
inventions
,
and
shameful
tricks
and
treacheries
of
Hieronymus
de
Rhoda
.
This
man
was
presently
after
the
death
of
Requesenius
,
appointed
by
the
King
to
be
of
the
Councel
of
State
at
Brussels
,
to
the
end
,
that
he
with
them
,
might
rule
and
govern
in
one
consent
,
over
the
Reipublick
and
common
affaires
,
and
that
he
should
correct
and
punish
the
mutinies
,
seditions
,
and
uprores
of
the
Spanish
Souldiers
,
who
had
destroyed
Aelst
,
Mastricht
,
Antwerpe
,
and
the
other
Cities
,
with
their
cruel
murthers
,
burnings
,
robbings
and
rovings
,
the
like
hath
not
been
heard
off
.
And
this
business
was
brought
to
that
passe
,
that
these
destroyers
were
presently
published
,
declared
and
banished
,
as
being
rebels
,
contemners
,
and
enemies
to
the
King
.
But
not
long
after
Rhoda
,
by
his
Spanish
treacheries
became
himselfe
the
head
of
those
Rebels
.
He
used
the
Kings
Seal
,
and
despising
the
States
,
would
publiquely
be
held
for
their
Governour
or
Ruler
.
By
this
his
perfidious
dealing
were
the
States
exceedingly
troubled
and
offended
;
so
that
they
all
at
once
did
combine
themselues
,
with
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
and
with
the
Hollanders
and
Sea-landers
,
concluding
,
that
they
must
driue
all
the
Spaniards
out
of
the
Netherlands
,
and
that
they
must
alwaies
resist
and
oppose
them
with
warres
and
weapons
to
their
uttermost
endevours
.
In
the
mean
time
,
neverthelesse
,
the
States
forget
not
their
dutiful
obedience
unto
the
King
:
but
contrarily
doe
pray
and
intreat
him
very
often
,
most
earnestly
;
that
he
would
send
for
those
Spanish
destroyers
,
out
of
the
Land
;
and
that
he
would
punish
them
for
their
cruelties
and
insolencies
,
by
which
they
had
distressed
the
chiefe
Cities
of
the
Netherlands
.
But
what
doe
they
get
(
I
pray
you
)
by
their
intreaties
?
The
King
commends
Rhoda
,
and
testifieth
,
that
his
service
is
very
acceptable
unto
him
;
and
promiseth
unto
him
,
and
to
the
rest
of
the
Spaniards
,
such
rewards
as
their
deeds
should
deserue
.
From
whence
it
manifestly
appeareth
;
that
all
things
which
formerly
haue
been
spoken
off
,
haue
been
first
undertaken
and
attempted
by
the
kings
counsel
and
approbation
.
Yet
when
the
King
perceived
that
by
this
meanes
nothing
could
be
effected
,
and
that
the
Netherlanders
were
aware
of
such
treacheries
,
in
such
manner
,
that
they
seriously
prepared
themselues
for
warre
:
he
thought
it
fitting
to
take
another
course
with
them
,
and
in
stead
of
the
Lyons
,
puts
on
the
Foxes
skinne
and
offereth
them
peace
.
The
States
very
faithfully
accepted
the
Peace
again
,
and
thought
not
that
other
Serpents
of
Spanish
perfiduousness
did
lurk
in
that
green
grasse
of
peace
.
For
this
peace
was
maintained
and
kept
firm
and
sure
;
and
was
afterward
confirmed
and
ratified
by
the
oath
of
Iohn
of
Austria
,
(
who
presently
after
came
into
the
Countrey
)
and
was
so
providently
,
and
in
such
manner
determined
and
limited
by
the
States
,
that
all
the
Netherlanders
,
at
the
longlast
,
seemed
by
these
able
and
worthy
good
men
,
to
be
delivered
:
And
every
one
then
wiped
and
washed
off
the
teares
of
Civill
warr
from
their
cheeks
.
This
was
that
pacification
or
Treaty
of
peace
made
at
Gent
,
of
the
which
now
I
wil
speak
of
,
and
relate
unto
you
the
deeds
of
this
Iohn
of
Austria
,
whom
the
king
at
that
time
,
had
sent
as
a
Governour
,
or
chiefe
Lord
over
the
Netherlands
out
of
Spain
.
In
the
mean
time
let
me
intreat
you
,
ô
most
peaceful
Princes
,
that
you
will
hear
me
with
a
friendly
and
well-affected
minde
,
the
sequel
hereof
,
like
as
you
haue
heard
me
from
the
beginning
;
and
fundamentally
will
understand
wherfore
the
Spaniards
doe
most
falsely
accuse
us
;
That
this
peace
was
violated
and
broken
by
us
:
which
accusation
I
hold
to
be
very
grievous
.
Among
other
Conditions
,
Lawes
and
Contracts
of
this
peace
,
this
was
one
of
the
chiefest
and
weightiest
:
That
Don
Iohn
should
not
admit
any
Spaniard
or
stranger
,
nor
any
of
them
;
by
whose
counsel
and
advise
it
was
evidently
known
,
that
the
Provinces
were
brought
into
that
extreme
spoil
,
into
the
Councel
:
And
contrarily
,
he
called
,
and
sent
for
them
to
him
,
kept
them
in
his
Court
,
and
in
his
most
secret
chambers
;
That
Baptista
Taxis
,
a
most
notable
Spie
,
and
enemy
of
our
common
affaires
,
who
a
little
before
had
been
Secretary
unto
Duke
d'Alva
,
who
was
not
onely
adjoyned
to
his
privy
Councel
,
but
also
was
made
and
set
over
them
.
Besides
him
one
Octavius
Gonzago
an
Italian
,
as
also
he
took
unto
him
one
Escovedo
,
a
crafty
Spanish
Fox
,
unto
whom
he
adjoyned
certain
Netherlanders
.
But
what
Netherlanders
I
pray
you
?
Those
who
partly
had
been
the
st●rrers
up
and
favourers
of
so
many
miseries
;
who
were
both
hated
of
their
natiue
Countrey
,
and
of
all
good
men
;
viz.
Barlemont
,
Megan
,
Hierge
,
Flojon
,
Hautepenny
,
Assonville
,
and
other
plagues
of
their
Countrey
,
who
having
ordained
the
Law
of
Lentulus
,
Cataline
and
Cassius
,
established
the
same
with
their
counsels
and
deeds
,
viz.
That
all
those
that
by
preserving
the
Common-wealth
would
be
preserved
,
should
be
declared
for
enemies
.
By
this
counsel
and
advice
,
the
Spaniards
presently
,
even
at
the
beginning
of
this
peace
,
should
haue
surprized
the
Town
of
Gent
,
if
the
good
and
profitable
counsel
,
and
also
the
valiant
deeds
of
the
States
,
had
not
hindred
the
same
;
For
don
Iohn
himselfe
could
not
refrain
nor
keep
in
his
hatred
and
enmity
any
longer
,
which
he
bore
to
the
Netherlanders
,
but
had
quickly
forgot
that
sacred
oath
,
which
he
had
sworn
,
upon
the
Evangelists
,
before
the
Bishop
of
Shertogenbosch
,
and
the
Popes
Nuncius
,
or
spiritual
Embassadour
.
He
had
promised
and
sworn
;
that
he
would
deal
with
all
the
souldiers
in
the
Netherlands
,
who
were
15000
,
about
their
Arrearages
,
to
the
end
,
that
they
therupon
might
be
discharged
;
like
as
in
the
agreement
of
the
peace
had
been
concluded
.
And
contrarily
therunto
,
he
promised
the
Souldiers
,
in
the
Kings
behalfe
,
anew
,
to
haue
greater
meanes
,
honours
,
offices
and
rewards
:
and
held
a
most
mischievous
counsel
with
Fronsberghen
and
Focker
,
Collonels
of
the
German
souldiers
;
part
of
whose
wicked
counsel
he
effected
,
and
the
●est
being
hindred
by
the
States
he
could
not
effect
.
But
yet
to
the
end
,
that
you
may
see
and
know
the
ground
of
this
Businesse
,
I
will
in
few
words
declare
unto
you
how
the
matter
fell
out
:
For
under
these
two
conditions
or
covenants
,
viz.
in
maintaining
of
the
Romish
Religion
;
and
in
yeelding
lawful
obedience
to
the
King
,
did
the
whole
Treatie
of
the
peace
consist
.
And
when
the
States
which
had
sworn
hereunto
with
an
high
Oath
,
then
were
they
presently
admitted
,
that
those
affaires
concerning
the
Land
,
which
presently
in
the
beginning
of
the
treaty
of
peace
were
begunne
,
but
could
not
be
concluded
upon
,
that
they
should
be
dispatched
and
concluded
in
the
next
assembly
of
the
States
.
But
yet
Don
Iohn
,
whose
affection
burned
with
a
lust
and
longing
desire
,
by
some
secret
and
concealed
practice
to
break
the
peace
,
and
to
begin
the
warre
again
,
casting
all
these
conditions
and
promises
at
his
heeles
,
made
a
way
for
those
complaints
which
Philip
,
and
all
the
former
Governours
had
used
as
a
cloak
to
cover
all
their
intended
wicked
imaginations
against
the
Reipublick
,
viz.
That
the
Hollanders
and
Sealanders
neglected
and
despised
the
Romish
Religion
;
and
by
that
meanes
the
commandement
of
the
King
was
neglected
.
Vpon
this
Anvyle
did
they
hammer
night
and
day
?
they
assailed
the
States
,
and
were
exceeding
troublesome
unto
them
,
counselling
them
that
they
altogether
should
beginne
the
warres
,
against
Holland
,
Sealand
,
and
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
who
was
the
most
eminent
Champion
against
the
unjust
government
of
the
Spaniards
,
who
indeed
had
been
exceeding
beneficial
to
the
whole
Common-wealth
.
In
this
counsel
Don
Iohn
had
his
eye
upon
these
two
objects
,
which
should
be
exceeding
profitable
and
serviceable
to
further
his
intent
;
that
by
their
Civill
warres
,
the
substance
and
treasure
of
the
land
might
be
exhausted
,
and
they
being
weakned
and
bruyied
by
their
own
warre
,
that
then
hee
,
with
the
more
ease
and
convemency
might
suppresse
them
together
.
Wheras
he
stil
persisting
with
these
desires
and
intreaties
,
being
as
it
were
dasht
against
a
Rock
by
a
Tempest
:
The
States
answered
him
;
that
it
were
better
and
more
profitable
for
the
Common-wealth
,
That
concerning
all
those
matters
wherof
Don
Iohn
made
his
complaints
,
to
haue
them
by
a
friendly
composition
decided
,
and
united
,
in
the
assembly
of
the
States
;
and
if
they
could
haue
imprinted
or
perswaded
him
to
haue
beleeved
the
same
,
we
had
never
fallen
into
the
miseries
of
a
Civil
War
.
For
what
is
more
repugnant
to
the
common
good
,
and
to
all
humane
Lawes
and
Iustice
;
then
to
try
by
warre
,
those
controversies
,
which
may
be
decyded
by
Right
and
Reason
.
Archidamus
(
though
no
Christian
King
,
but
of
a
stately
,
honourable
and
provident
Nation
)
said
;
That
it
was
unlawful
to
take
Armes
against
those
,
who
were
willing
to
haue
the
matter
tryed
by
Law
.
When
any
injurie
had
been
offered
to
the
Romanes
themselues
;
they
did
not
presently
beginne
with
warres
:
but
did
first
send
Clarigatum
,
that
is
,
they
caused
those
things
that
were
stollen
or
taken
away
,
to
be
more
apparently
and
manifestly
demanded
again
.
But
how
profitable
,
good
,
and
wel-ordred
is
the
custome
of
the
Common-wealth
of
the
Venetians
,
which
I
lately
saw
and
observed
;
where
they
will
not
suffer
that
the
principal
Nobles
themselues
of
that
flourishing
Common-wealth
,
should
contend
,
chide
,
or
maintain
enmity
among
themselues
,
for
,
or
about
other
mens
small
and
petty
affaires
.
But
they
bring
the
same
into
their
Senate
,
or
Councel
,
and
there
they
desire
,
pray
,
and
admonish
them
,
that
they
will
remember
,
and
be
mindful
,
that
they
are
all
of
them
Saint
Markes
children
(
which
name
they
haue
given
their
Reipublick
)
and
that
they
are
brethren
,
and
Burgeses
of
such
a
free
and
happy
government
,
and
that
it
was
not
beseeming
for
them
,
for
any
particular
businesse
,
to
cherish
and
foster
any
private
dissention
or
hatred
,
which
might
therafter
proue
to
be
more
general
,
to
the
peril
and
danger
of
that
Reipublick
.
Which
custome
aboue
all
other
affaires
ought
to
be
used
in
the
affaires
concerning
the
Land
,
and
ought
to
be
esteemed
of
in
all
wel-ordered
Common-wealths
.
If
this
were
so
,
we
should
not
se●
one
Citie
so
against
another
(
oftentimes
in
one
Province
or
Reipublick
)
or
one
Noble-man
so
against
another
of
the
contrary
party
,
to
threaten
warre
,
murther
,
destruction
,
burning
and
blaking
,
nor
violence
to
assault
each
other
.
But
now
to
return
to
our
former
purpose
,
in
respect
that
there
are
two
sorts
of
warres
:
the
one
with
words
by
way
of
Iustice
;
the
other
with
violence
.
The
first
being
proper
to
men
,
the
second
to
unseasonable
beasts
.
And
that
we
m●st
necessarily
avoide
violence
,
unlesse
the
course
of
justice
be
denyed
us
.
Therfore
we
must
beleeue
that
the
States
farre
rather
would
haue
decided
those
controversies
,
by
their
good
and
wholesome
counsels
,
by
reason
and
conference
;
then
to
make
them
greater
by
warre
and
spilling
the
bloud
of
the
Citizens
.
Contrarily
Don
Iohn
complaineth
of
the
States
very
publiquely
:
He
reproues
and
upbraids
them
all
for
Rebels
,
and
then
deales
with
the
High-dutch
Souldiers
no
longer
by
secret
dealing
in
the
affaires
very
prejudicial
to
the
Common-wealth
(
with
whom
very
cunningly
he
had
long
time
dealt
with
all
)
but
then
began
he
very
publickly
to
deal
with
them
;
so
that
the
whole
discovery
of
that
businesse
,
by
divers
intercepted
letters
,
was
fully
come
to
the
knowledg
of
the
States
.
And
many
things
they
daily
saw
with
their
eyes
,
as
first
when
he
removed
his
Court
and
family
,
with
his
Councel-companions
to
Bergen
in
Henegow
(
being
a
very
strong
Town
,
and
very
fit
for
his
conjurations
and
complottings
)
and
commanded
that
the
same
should
be
provided
with
a
strong
Garrison
.
Moreover
,
when
as
he
surprized
the
Castle
of
Antwerpe
by
Trecherie
,
and
did
surprize
those
wel
provided
and
fortified
Townes
of
Namen
and
Charlemont
,
and
put
a
strong
guard
into
them
of
his
own
souldiers
,
thinking
therafter
by
treachery
to
haue
taken
in
the
Town
of
Brussels
,
So
that
already
the
principal
and
chiefe
Cities
and
Townes
,
by
the
great
number
of
his
Forts
and
Citadels
,
were
beleagred
and
oppressed
;
and
then
he
wholly
began
to
set
up
himselfe
against
the
Reipublick
;
and
also
many
other
things
were
then
done
by
his
advise
and
motion
:
wheras
he
according
to
his
oath
,
ought
to
haue
advised
,
that
all
the
souldiers
should
haue
laid
down
their
Armes
,
and
presently
to
haue
departed
out
of
the
Country
.
All
which
things
appearing
manifestly
to
the
eyes
of
the
States
,
who
adjudged
that
the
same
tended
to
the
subversion
of
the
Common-wealth
;
they
thought
that
they
were
bound
continually
to
keep
a
good
counsel-watch
;
neither
did
they
turn
their
eyes
aside
from
the
Reipublick
,
from
that
time
that
he
sought
to
haue
all
the
government
alone
,
unto
whom
they
in
all
officiousnesse
(
not
being
moved
by
any
distemperature
of
minde
)
sent
as
Embassadours
unto
him
,
Marolaeus
and
Brusus
,
charging
them
that
they
should
present
and
shew
,
their
full
performance
,
innocencie
,
and
integrity
,
and
should
free
them
from
all
suspicion
and
evil
conceit
,
(
the
which
they
most
certainly
knew
,
that
he
mischievously
had
dissembled
,
)
that
the
faith
that
was
given
at
Gent
should
be
renued
:
they
should
also
promise
,
that
the
States
should
make
diligent
enquirie
,
and
execute
severe
punishment
upon
those
treacherous
murtherers
and
conspirators
,
who
(
as
he
said
)
laid
wait
for
his
life
,
and
had
conspired
against
him
;
(
making
a
shew
and
dissembling
,
as
if
to
prevent
the
same
,
he
went
to
Namen
:
)
They
would
augment
his
Guard
more
then
those
he
had
already
,
to
the
number
of
three
hundred
compleat
armed
men
,
who
should
be
all
of
them
Netherlanders
,
the
which
before
that
time
was
never
offered
to
any
Governour
or
Ruler
.
And
yet
with
all
these
supplications
and
intreaties
they
effected
nothing
;
for
there
was
neither
modesty
nor
reason
to
be
found
in
Don
Iohn
.
Nay
,
he
could
not
bridle
nor
keep
in
his
own
evil
arrogancie
and
audacious
passion
;
but
declared
the
same
to
Marollaeus
at
the
same
time
of
his
Embassage
,
boasting
himselfe
,
that
he
now
did
wholly
assure
himselfe
,
and
that
hee
doubted
not
,
but
that
he
had
brought
under
the
subjection
of
his
wil
and
command
,
the
Citie
of
Antwerpe
;
that
he
had
no
lack
neither
of
money
nor
men
;
that
he
now
had
all
things
in
a
readinesse
,
for
the
furnishing
of
a
warre
;
and
that
he
with
his
sword
,
would
purchase
unto
himselfe
a
greater
authority
,
power
,
command
and
government
;
then
the
States
had
promised
and
granted
him
in
the
pacification
of
Gent
;
and
that
it
was
his
will
,
that
these
Embassadours
should
report
all
these
things
unto
the
States
,
for
he
would
not
conceale
any
thing
from
them
that
he
knew
to
appertain
to
this
his
intent
and
wil
.
This
matter
is
undoubtedly
sure
and
certaine
,
and
sufficiently
known
before
this
,
so
that
here
it
is
not
needfull
to
produce
witnesses
.
And
although
it
be
a
very
miserable
thing
,
not
to
be
able
to
deny
,
and
very
shameful
to
be
confest
;
yet
I
thinke
verily
that
the
Spaniards
themselues
(
although
they
be
lesse
shamelesse
then
a
man
would
beleeue
they
are
)
cannot
deny
this
at
any
time
.
Don
Iohn
had
written
unto
Tre-longe
,
and
to
his
other
companions
and
fellow-workers
of
his
secret
trickes
and
conspiracies
,
That
hee
had
given
as
a
Cymbrian
spoile
the
wealth
of
the
citizens
of
Antwerpe
,
for
a
prey
unto
his
souldiers
.
The
souldiers
ranged
already
through
the
citie
,
as
mortal
enemies
,
and
forced
the
citizens
to
giue
them
whatsoever
they
listed
.
Many
of
the
principal
citizens
began
to
fly
out
of
the
Citie
,
and
as
it
were
banished
:
by
which
meanes
the
traffique
and
trading
of
the
Marchants
by
shipping
,
began
to
cease
.
And
although
there
were
great
and
manifest
tokens
of
their
malignant
enmity
;
yet
nevertheless
the
States
did
beare
all
this
very
moderatly
and
modestly
,
and
indeed
would
haue
born
yet
much
more
,
if
that
mortall
and
pittiful
project
which
Don
Iohn
intended
,
had
not
been
discovered
and
made
manifest
as
the
day
;
even
as
if
a
man
at
the
first
sight
seemed
to
perceiue
some
liuelesse
and
insensible
creature
,
and
afterwards
by
more
certain
and
sure
signes
and
tokens
,
beginneth
to
think
of
what
qualitie
that
was
whereof
he
doubted
:
even
so
the
States
did
also
very
easily
understand
,
by
all
those
things
which
they
had
seene
,
that
this
prince
did
cherish
in
his
mind
and
counsels
,
an
hatred
tending
to
the
ruine
of
the
common-wealth
:
but
of
what
qualitie
that
he
was
,
and
how
farre
he
would
extend
himself
over
the
reipublick
,
that
they
most
evidently
discerned
and
distinguished
thereafter
,
both
out
of
his
owne
,
and
by
letters
from
others
.
For
there
were
many
letters
intercepted
in
Gasconie
,
viz.
Two
of
Don
Iohns
,
written
by
himselfe
unto
the
King
,
and
other
from
him
written
to
Anthonie
Perez
the
chirfe
of
the
Kings
Councell
;
Moreover
fiue
letters
from
Escovedo
to
the
King
,
out
of
which
the
States
might
assuredly
understand
,
that
there
were
fed
and
bred
monsters
,
and
strange
impostures
;
that
privat
conspiracies
were
there
practised
;
that
there
was
great
dissention
mingled
among
the
Cities
and
the
Nobilitie
of
the
Netherlands
;
and
by
what
meanes
the
same
was
effected
;
and
how
fit
and
serviceable
it
was
that
tyrany
and
the
Inquisition
,
according
to
that
firm
resolution
of
the
Spaniards
,
should
be
brought
in
&
established
;
and
to
that
end
soldiers
,
arms
,
and
all
warlick
preparation
very
earnestly
was
required
for
the
king
.
Consider
and
understand
,
illustrious
Princes
,
the
secret
and
privie
conspiracies
of
this
man
:
Heare
the
words
which
this
man
useth
in
his
letters
written
to
the
King
,
which
(
as
I
sayd
before
)
were
intercepted
.
In
regard
that
this
bodie
(
sayth
he
)
is
so
unhealthful
,
that
it
cannot
be
cured
any
otherwise
,
but
by
the
cutting
off
of
the
unsound
members
,
you
must
now
carefully
obserue
this
occasion
which
is
presented
.
And
Escovedo
adds
the
unto
the
rest
very
amply
,
as
a
good
interpreter
of
his
meaning
,
who
might
very
wel
write
that
which
Don
Iohn
himselfe
would
not
giue
to
understand
.
This
Escovedo
was
the
right
minion
and
servant
of
Audacitie
and
Trecherie
,
whom
I
think
by
reason
of
his
nature
and
manners
,
was
named
Escovedo
,
because
that
he
knew
by
his
deceit
to
bring
,
the
miserable
Netherlanders
into
his
net
.
He
wrot
that
unto
the
King
which
Don
Iohn
would
haue
him
to
write
,
viz.
That
it
possibly
could
not
be
,
that
the
Netherlanders
should
bee
brought
under
the
pure
and
perfect
obedience
and
will
of
the
King
,
unlesse
that
first
they
were
tamed
and
constrained
thereunto
with
fire
and
sword
.
That
therefore
both
men
and
armes
were
very
needfull
,
and
that
the
same
must
be
effected
by
warre
.
By
the
which
as
a
good
architecture
of
the
Spanish
tyranny
,
he
gaue
them
to
understand
,
that
the
crueltie
and
rigour
which
Alva
and
Requisenius
had
abused
,
must
not
continually
be
put
in
practise
,
but
that
the
Netherlanders
must
be
ensnared
by
a
greater
deceit
and
hypocrisie
.
Like
as
in
Navigation
,
it
is
a
poynt
of
knowledge
to
see
before
hand
the
storme
,
that
although
men
cannot
attaine
the
haven
,
yet
(
if
altering
the
course
)
you
may
attaine
thereinto
,
then
it
is
a
foolish
deed
to
keep
that
course
which
before
was
taken
with
great
perill
and
danger
,
rather
then
that
you
altering
the
same
,
might
attaine
to
the
wished
for
haven
.
For
so
was
his
opinion
,
that
the
first
raging
and
madnesse
of
the
Spaniards
must
bee
somewhat
mollified
,
and
now
must
goe
to
worke
with
dissembled
faith
and
promises
.
That
Don
Iohn
who
had
an
incredible
moderation
,
and
an
indifferent
minde
betwixt
Ambition
and
Crueltie
,
might
very
fortunately
effect
the
same
.
He
advised
by
his
owne
and
his
masters
counsell
,
that
England
should
be
first
surprised
and
conquered
by
warre
,
and
then
it
would
be
very
easie
to
surprize
the
Netherlandish
provinces
.
In
those
letters
which
Don
Iohn
sent
unto
Anthonie
Perez
his
speciall
friend
;
He
gaue
him
to
understand
that
he
was
of
such
a
nature
and
condition
,
that
he
could
not
liue
still
in
idlenesse
,
nor
could
away
with
the
lawes
of
peace
;
and
that
his
mind
&
conscience
could
not
indure
that
he
should
wholly
submit
himselfe
to
the
privileges
and
lawes
of
the
Netherlanders
,
but
that
he
farre
rather
by
force
of
Armes
would
obtaine
and
effect
for
the
king
,
a
whole
,
absolute
,
and
unlimited
government
over
the
Netherlands
.
And
if
now
you
do
not
sufficiently
see
and
perceiue
,
that
Don
Iohn
first
broke
the
pacification
of
Gent
,
where
the
same
by
so
many
and
cleare
proofes
doth
appeare
.
Then
remember
(
by
the
eternal
God
)
remember
,
I
say
,
what
reasons
he
used
to
the
Embassadors
of
our
States
at
Marche
and
Famines
,
when
he
said
,
that
he
would
keepe
the
contracts
and
conditions
of
peace
so
long
,
until
that
covenant
which
was
begun
,
should
repent
him
,
that
is
,
untill
he
by
his
sweet
entisings
,
and
hypocritical
lenitie
,
having
rockt
the
States
asleepe
,
at
the
last
might
destroy
them
,
and
with
them
suppresse
the
whole
Reipublick
.
For
after
the
death
of
Iohn
,
Philip
shewed
very
manifestly
that
that
same
in
very
deed
should
haue
befalne
us
,
like
as
he
at
Mechlen
by
the
Lord
of
Selles
certified
and
gaue
them
to
understand
,
that
he
would
break
the
lawes
of
the
peace
,
and
that
he
no
longer
would
be
bound
to
keepe
them
But
I
pray
you
for
what
occasion
?
was
it
for
neglecting
the
Romish
Religion
?
Assuredly
it
had
never
been
more
used
nor
reverenced
with
the
like
devotion
,
care
,
and
diligence
,
nor
never
was
the
zeale
of
our
people
so
greatly
affected
thereunto
as
then
.
The
Bishops
of
the
Churches
were
then
received
;
the
Schooles
and
Colleges
were
partly
instituted
,
partly
renewed
and
augmented
.
Finally
,
there
was
not
any
thing
omitted
that
served
for
the
maintaining
of
the
customes
and
ceremonies
of
the
Romish
Church
.
So
that
our
Netherland
might
wel
haue
compared
,
matched
and
stroven
with
Italy
and
with
Rome
the
chiefe
seat
and
Metropolitane
of
that
Religion
.
The
which
the
Popes
Nuncius
,
(
or
spirituall
Embassadour
)
who
in
his
behalfe
was
sent
unto
us
,
shal
not
deny
the
same
.
For
he
writing
himselfe
unto
the
Pope
concerning
this
,
sayth
,
that
he
did
much
admire
,
and
was
therefore
exceeding
joyfull
,
that
those
prescriptions
and
duties
(
or
services
)
of
the
Romish
Church
,
were
exceeding
well
maintained
by
the
Netherlanders
in
great
devotion
and
pietie
.
How
and
after
what
manner
the
affections
,
wils
,
and
devotions
of
all
our
States
,
and
of
all
the
Netherlanders
were
affected
to
the
king
,
I
need
not
to
make
repetition
;
neither
is
it
needful
to
proue
,
that
they
delighted
or
loved
any
thing
so
much
as
to
fulfil
the
kings
commands
,
and
to
shew
obedience
thereunto
.
The
Trophaes
,
Pyramedes
and
Pageants
which
were
made
and
prepared
so
sumptuous
and
costly
to
the
honor
,
and
at
the
entrance
of
Iohn
,
can
testifie
this
.
How
did
all
the
Nobles
with
such
exceeding
joy
,
wishing
him
good
luck
,
receiue
him
?
How
did
all
the
people
with
great
mirth
and
rejoycings
receiue
him
?
What
bankets
and
sumptuous
feasts
at
the
lands
charge
,
were
then
with
much
delight
made
for
joy
thereof
,
that
this
peace
was
made
and
concluded
?
And
what
great
triumphs
all
the
Netherlanders
made
and
demonstrated
upon
all
their
Theaters
when
this
peace
was
made
,
is
yet
testified
by
all
the
inhabiting
strangers
,
who
were
thereat
exceedingly
droven
to
admiration
,
yea
were
even
astonished
.
It
was
no
otherwise
then
,
but
as
if
the
Netherlanders
had
then
found
the
beginning
and
principles
of
a
wel-governed
Common-wealth
in
the
person
of
this
their
Chiefe
,
or
Governor
.
Yea
,
thou
thy selfe
Iohn
,
if
thou
wilt
but
enter
into
thine
owne
heart
and
conscience
,
shalt
not
be
able
to
deny
the
same
,
That
the
Netherlanders
did
fully
keep
and
obserue
all
the
contracts
and
conditions
of
the
peace
,
which
they
were
bound
to
keep
;
and
never
denied
obedience
unto
the
commandement
of
the
king
,
if
they
were
not
more
vile
then
the
commandements
of
Manlius
,
if
they
did
not
too
too
much
oppugne
the
lawes
and
priviledges
.
But
to
the
end
that
I
may
produce
one
instance
which
farre
exceeds
all
mens
admiration
;
and
which
shall
perfect
this
our
disputation
:
you
must
for
a
certaintie
acknowledge
,
that
the
states
had
undertaken
with
force
of
Armes
to
haue
forced
the
Hollanders
and
Zealanders
to
haue
done
those
things
which
you
most
desired
,
which
was
the
induct
on
,
and
as
it
were
the
ground-work
of
your
accusations
and
complaints
,
if
in
case
they
by
right
,
reason
,
and
conference
,
could
not
be
brought
thereunto
:
which
things
you
altogether
scorned
and
rejected
,
and
to
the
end
that
this
one
pretext
,
this
onely
pretence
might
remaine
for
matter
for
your
false
accusations
;
And
that
this
might
be
a
just
occasion
for
your
conjurations
:
yet
this
occasion
was
not
sufficient
thereunto
,
neither
could
it
be
sufficient
enough
,
in
regard
the
same
is
manifestly
known
unto
all
men
,
not
onely
to
Netherlanders
,
but
also
to
all
strangers
,
who
either
saw
the
whole
businesse
as
it
was
carried
,
or
else
haue
heard
the
same
rereported
.
That
the
Hollanders
and
Zealanders
haue
alwayes
entertained
,
received
,
and
accomplished
the
precepts
and
commandements
of
the
King
,
no
otherwise
then
if
they
had
been
the
Oracles
or
commandements
of
God
:
That
they
never
were
carelesse
nor
negligent
in
their
offices
or
duties
which
by
the
law
of
Nature
they
were
owing
to
their
Prince
.
Yet
this
I
wil
freely
confesse
,
(
which
I
will
attribute
and
consecrate
to
their
immortal
and
most
high
commendations
)
that
the
Hollanders
and
Zealanders
were
the
first
counsellors
,
and
shewed
the
way
first
to
the
other
Provinces
,
to
free
and
to
maintaine
the
common
liberty
.
For
I
wil
at
the
last
,
O
you
most
provident
men
,
you
most
mightie
States
of
Holland
and
Zealand
,
convert
and
turn
my
speech
and
oration
from
those
wicked
and
horrible
dealings
of
that
dishonorable
man
;
to
your
vertues
,
valours
,
and
abilities
.
Should
I
so
sleightly
passe
by
the
worthinesse
and
valiant
deeds
,
and
manly
courage
,
whereof
every
mans
mouth
is
full
:
and
for
which
every
one
so
highly
commendeth
,
loveth
,
and
honoreth
you
for
.
You
haue
evermore
with
a
valiant
,
constant
and
persevering
courage
,
resisted
and
rejected
that
most
intolerable
and
most
cruel
servitude
and
thraldome
of
the
Inquisition
,
or
Faith-presse
.
And
if
they
now
say
,
that
the
authoritie
,
respect
and
commandement
of
the
King
consisted
therein
;
and
that
you
in
respect
thereof
,
would
not
giue
way
,
nor
be
obedient
unto
the
same
;
wherein
indeed
consisteth
your
glory
,
and
whereof
you
may
justly
boast
;
Yet
you
confesse
,
to
your
great
commendation
,
that
you
haue
given
these
occasions
unto
the
accusations
of
Don
Iohn
:
That
you
,
being
free
from
all
faults
,
yet
in
this
you
are
and
will
be
faultie
.
And
herein
you
may
boast
,
That
you
with
an
especiall
providence
and
wisedome
,
haue
carefully
watched
and
kept
your selues
,
so
that
at
no
time
,
neither
by
any
of
these
,
nor
any
other
Spanish
trecheries
,
perjuries
,
tricks
,
or
traps
,
you
haue
been
cousoned
,
debaucht
,
nor
insnared
:
that
you
were
the
first
which
were
inflamed
with
a
singular
constancie
and
courage
,
to
deliver
the
Reipublick
from
the
grievous
yoke
of
tyranny
and
cruell
government
.
That
you
with
the
toarch
of
your
libertie
,
haue
been
a
light
to
enlighten
all
the
other
Provinces
.
And
that
you
had
farre
rather
,
by
these
long-during
warres
,
be
spent
,
dye
,
and
indure
all
kinds
of
miserie
and
adversitie
:
then
to
forsake
your
customes
,
lawes
and
privileges
.
I
beseech
the
Lord
God
,
by
whose
onely
conduct
,
grace
and
assistance
,
you
haue
atchieved
such
admirable
things
,
that
you
may
prosperously
continue
&
persevere
therin
from
henceforth
perpetually
.
Now
wil
I
turne
me
againe
unto
that
from
which
I
haue
digressed
,
and
recommend
unto
your
judgment
and
arbittrement
,
O
Christian
Princes
,
all
what
I
haue
spoken
of
the
deeds
of
Don
Iohn
.
Take
notice
,
iudge
,
and
speak
what
you
think
thereof
.
Considering
that
of
all
the
States
parts
,
there
is
nothing
omitted
,
which
by
the
law
and
contract
they
had
promised
to
doe
:
and
contrarily
for
Don
Iohns
part
,
of
the
ten
parts
of
the
agreement
or
composition
,
which
wholly
he
ought
to
haue
performed
,
he
hath
not
discharged
any
one
poynt
thereof
wel
nor
honestly
as
hee
ought
.
And
hereby
you
may
see
,
with
what
justice
and
equitie
we
undertook
this
businesse
,
and
how
we
(
having
undertaken
the
same
)
haue
dealt
and
proceeded
therein
.
For
when
the
States
perceived
,
that
all
their
hope
and
trust
for
the
cashiering
of
those
great
numbers
of
the
Germane
souldiers
was
frustrate
,
and
that
they
were
laid
in
the
cities
,
townes
,
and
mouthes
of
the
frontier
garrisons
,
and
that
they
kept
Namen
&
Charlemont
,
being
Cities
and
Castles
that
were
very
well
provided
;
to
the
end
that
Don
Iohn
that
way
,
might
receiue
and
bring
into
the
Netherlands
that
great
armie
which
hee
had
desired
of
the
King
in
his
letters
;
and
moreover
they
perceiving
that
the
hate
and
envy
of
all
the
souldiers
was
turned
upon
them
,
and
that
they
with
an
exceeding
greedy
desire
longed
for
the
pilaging
of
the
greatest
Cities
,
And
that
they
attended
onely
but
for
the
least
signe
and
token
of
their
Prince
,
to
haue
falne
ravenously
and
furiously
,
as
raging
beasts
,
and
to
haue
ceized
upon
the
liues
,
goods
,
and
meanes
of
the
Netherlanders
.
That
Don
Iohn
himselfe
,
and
other
naughtie
people
daily
threatned
the
ruine
and
subversion
of
our
natiue
countrey
.
That
they
by
the
demonstrations
,
hand-writings
,
mouthes
and
letters
of
their
confederats
,
were
themselues
convinced
.
That
they
all
had
agreed
to
set
the
cities
and
towns
on
fire
,
and
to
haue
slain
al
the
Nobles
and
chiefe
of
the
Citizens
,
to
haue
destroyed
the
Netherlands
,
and
to
haue
rooted
out
the
Reipublick
.
Who
is
he
then
that
would
not
be
awaked
and
stirred
up
for
the
defence
and
preservation
of
the
common
good
?
Who
is
he
that
with
good
counsel
would
not
prevent
the
trecheries
of
Iohn
?
Who
would
be
so
unprovident
,
and
such
a
coward
,
that
would
not
defend
and
maintaine
his
owne
life
with
weapons
and
warre
?
Assuredly
reason
hath
taught
the
learned
;
necessitie
the
Barbarians
;
custome
the
heathens
;
and
nature
it selfe
the
unreasonable
beasts
,
to
repel
violence
with
violence
,
even
to
their
uttermost
abilitie
.
You
your selues
,
O
great
and
gracious
Princes
,
which
possesse
kingdomes
freely
and
in
prosperitie
;
may
easily
know
and
understand
this
;
and
know
also
that
even
so
it
must
be
done
.
But
what
do
I
say
,
that
you
must
know
it
?
All
the
Spaniards
our
enemies
do
know
it
,
and
will
freely
confesse
the
same
.
For
they
demonstrate
it
in
their
deeds
,
that
the
same
hath
been
just
,
and
is
so
yet
.
For
considering
that
Henricus
Castellanus
(
being
a
bastard
)
and
the
great
Grand-father
of
King
Philip
,
did
expel
Peter
his
lawfull
brother
and
right
heire
,
out
of
the
kingdome
,
because
he
seemed
to
use
tyrannical
dealing
:
and
because
he
seemed
to
dominicre
contrary
to
the
lawes
and
customes
of
his
kingdome
;
And
,
that
King
Philip
upon
the
same
conditions
that
he
inherited
Spaine
,
did
inherit
the
Netherlands
,
(
viz.
that
he
should
maintaine
and
religiously
obserue
the
lawes
and
customes
.
)
Wherefore
then
may
not
we
,
as
the
Spaniards
did
reject
Peter
,
even
as
wel
reject
Philip
(
who
oppresseth
his
subjects
with
an
unjust
and
unlawful
government
)
and
expel
him
with
our
armes
for
ever
out
of
our
Provinces
.
But
I
feare
,
O
Princes
,
that
I
haue
too
much
abused
your
patience
,
and
that
my
oration
seemeth
to
haue
run
such
a
course
,
that
I
need
not
adde
any
thing
more
thereunto
.
Yet
I
intreat
your
leaue
,
that
you
be
pleased
to
suffer
me
,
though
very
briefly
to
continue
in
that
which
Philip
sought
to
effect
after
the
government
of
Iohn
,
by
the
deceit
of
an
hypocritical
and
dissembled
peace
;
to
the
end
that
you
may
clearly
see
and
perceiue
,
wherfore
that
we
,
so
long
as
the
world
stands
,
may
never
make
any
peace
with
Philip
,
but
now
and
for
ever
without
ceasing
,
are
bound
to
warre
against
him
.
The
very
name
of
peace
(
I
confesse
)
is
exceeding
sweet
,
a
peace
that
is
good
&
sound
:
But
between
peace
and
that
bondage
which
is
cloaked
,
covered
,
and
falsly
folded
up
in
a
concealed
peace
,
is
indeed
a
very
great
difference
.
Peace
is
a
stil
and
quiet
libertie
:
but
that
bondage
,
or
all
manner
of
feare
thereof
,
is
the
extreame
of
all
evils
and
mischieues
.
Such
was
the
peace
,
(
if
a
man
may
call
that
peace
)
which
induced
,
or
rather
seduced
the
Netherlanders
even
unto
Collen
.
When
as
the
States
by
their
Embassadours
and
letters
unto
you
and
your
predecessors
,
O
all
you
Princes
of
Christendome
,
had
againe
intreated
;
that
you
by
your
authorities
,
respect
,
and
exhortations
,
should
ratifie
,
establish
,
confirme
,
and
look
unto
that
peace
which
Philip
after
a
new
cousening
manner
should
make
,
that
the
same
should
not
be
deceitful
:
Like
as
he
certainely
and
most
maliciously
by
his
deceit
over-threw
the
same
.
For
the
Spaniards
then
made
no
delay
,
but
presently
brought
in
new
dissentions
into
Artois
and
Henegowe
,
causing
them
to
fall
away
from
the
other
Provinces
,
over
the
which
they
even
unto
this
present
haue
dominiered
.
Afterwards
by
force
of
Armes
,
violently
they
surprised
Mastricht
,
and
moreover
and
aboue
they
,
partly
by
violence
,
and
partly
by
great
promises
,
haue
sought
to
get
into
their
power
many
other
cities
and
provinces
.
And
finally
is
that
Vlisses-like-wit
Alexander
Farnesius
Duke
of
Parma
,
brought
out
of
Italie
,
who
like
unto
a
most
craftie
and
cunning
bird-catcher
,
with
the
song
of
his
len●tie
,
and
promises
of
great
rewards
,
insnared
and
captivated
all
the
Cities
and
Townes
of
Brabant
and
Flaunders
.
Of
this
Prince
I
could
say
very
much
,
which
I
am
constrained
to
omit
:
Yet
this
one
matter
I
cannot
passe
by
in
silence
;
That
,
although
in
the
time
of
his
government
he
effected
many
things
very
great
and
eminent
for
Philip
,
yet
could
hee
not
escape
of
being
suspected
,
as
if
hee
would
haue
undermined
the
King
in
the
government
,
because
that
through
his
gentlenesse
,
lenitie
and
amitie
;
he
had
drawne
unto
him
the
affections
of
all
the
Netherlanders
,
and
that
he
also
seemed
perspicuously
to
haue
looked
into
,
and
also
to
beare
a
hatred
to
the
wickednesse
and
fraudulent
treacheries
and
deceites
of
the
Spaniards
.
Therefore
Philip
gaue
him
fungos
,
or
Toads-bread
to
eate
,
which
Agrippina
had
so
commended
to
the
Emperour
,
to
the
end
that
by
the
power
and
operation
thereof
,
he
might
be
admitted
,
counted
and
received
into
the
number
of
the
gods
.
But
I
pray
you
,
what
was
that
at
last
for
a
peace
,
which
as
a
Comet
or
bright
shining
starre
,
shined
unto
us
out
of
the
firmament
of
the
Spanish
trecheries
unto
which
the
Duke
of
Parma
counselled
us
,
at
what
time
the
Arch-enemy
stood
,
as
it
were
,
over
our
heads
,
and
that
the
incredible
great
Spanish
Fleet
filled
and
covered
the
great
Ocean
or
main
Sea
?
A
Fleet
which
was
so
terrible
to
behold
,
that
I
can
hardly
judge
,
whether
the
Fleet
that
Xerxes
had
,
which
covered
the
Sea
called
Mare
Ponticum
had
a
greater
number
of
Shippes
,
more
Souldiers
,
or
greater
warlike
preparation
.
With
this
Fleet
Phillip
had
thought
totally
to
haue
suppressed
us
:
who
were
at
that
time
ravished
,
as
it
were
,
with
that
pleasant
and
delightful
sound
of
peace
.
Yet
when
this
Fleet
,
by
the
onely
power
of
the
Almighty
God
,
was
wonderfully
destroyed
and
brought
to
naught
;
then
presently
by
the
Emperours
Embassadours
he
offered
these
Provinces
a
new
Treatie
of
Peace
,
to
the
end
,
that
he
therby
might
transport
all
his
Army
and
power
of
warre
out
of
the
Netherlands
into
France
.
The
treacheries
which
many
yeares
before
he
had
plotted
against
that
Kingdom
,
beganne
then
to
haue
a
wonderful
good
progression
:
For
his
natural
kinsman
Henry
being
made
away
by
paracide
,
(
or
his
murthering
of
a
kinsman
,
)
and
the
state
of
all
that
kingdome
,
being
utterly
confused
with
Civill
warre
;
then
the
matter
,
and
the
present
occasion
required
,
that
he
with
Armes
and
a
mighty
Hoast
,
should
prosecute
his
designe
,
in
that
flourishing
and
famous
great
Kingdom
of
France
,
which
Kingdom
he
by
violence
having
taken
in
and
conquered
,
he
might
therafter
,
without
any
trouble
at
all
,
haue
subjugated
those
Netherlandish
Provinces
,
and
all
the
other
Kingdomes
of
Christendom
.
What
?
Is
it
yet
lawful
for
me
,
or
may
I
yet
speak
any
more
of
Arrereges
,
or
residue
of
the
dangers
of
this
Reipublick
?
Yes
,
it
is
lawful
for
me
,
and
it
shal
be
lawful
for
me
alwaies
to
stand
for
the
dignity
of
my
natiue
Country
,
and
to
confesse
the
truth
.
Like
as
al
good
Orators
,
or
eloquent
speakers
,
doe
ever
keep
some
of
their
most
forcible
and
ponderous
Arguments
to
the
last
.
And
like
as
experienced
Generals
use
to
place
their
best
souldiers
in
the
last
rankes
;
even
so
Phillip
in
these
latter
yeares
presented
a
peace
unto
these
Netherlands
,
which
should
be
adorned
and
confirmed
with
notable
fidelity
;
the
whole
foundation
and
chiefe
ground
work
therof
,
lay
and
consisted
in
the
vertues
,
mercy
,
endevours
,
diligence
,
and
in
the
loue
of
the
Arch-duke
Ernestus
his
sisters
sonne
;
who
,
after
the
Duke
of
Parma
,
was
placed
in
the
government
of
these
Provinces
:
He
promised
these
Provinces
a
peace
;
not
such
a
peace
as
should
be
limited
with
any
grievous
or
heavy
conditions
and
contracts
,
like
as
the
former
was
;
but
such
a
peace
as
they
themselues
would
wish
or
desire
.
In
the
mean
time
Phillip
sent
his
great
and
huge
Armies
into
France
,
and
his
secret
murtherers
into
Holland
,
to
haue
murthered
the
Illustrious
Prince
Mauritts
,
Earle
of
Nassow
,
a
famous
and
notable
imitator
of
the
vertues
and
valour
of
his
father
,
and
a
singular
defender
of
our
Liberty
;
and
by
such
an
odious
and
trecherous
villainy
,
to
haue
made
him
away
;
like
as
they
,
but
a
little
before
,
by
a
most
cruel
and
trecherous
hand
,
had
murthered
his
most
worthy
and
valiant
father
,
the
Prince
of
Orange
.
And
finally
Phillip
concluded
many
more
mischievous
,
and
more
wicked
purposes
against
these
Provinces
,
then
ever
before
he
could
haue
bethought
himselfe
of
.
I
doe
not
speak
any
thing
unadvisedly
,
ô
Princes
,
but
that
which
thousands
besides
me
of
good
reputation
,
can
restifie
in
faith
and
verity
,
and
that
which
Phillips
own
letters
doe
make
good
.
What
then
?
Meaneth
the
king
of
Spain
,
that
our
States
by
any
propositions
of
peace
,
can
be
diverted
from
their
enterprises
and
designments
?
Doth
he
not
yet
know
and
understand
,
that
all
our
affections
are
so
obdurate
and
hardned
,
that
we
wil
far
rather
yeeld
and
giue
place
to
Armes
and
Warre
,
then
to
any
kind
of
new
invented
peace-treacheries
,
after
what
manner
soever
the
same
might
be
propounded
?
Or
,
thinketh
he
peradventure
,
that
the
affections
of
our
States
every
day
,
lye
open
to
his
desire
and
appetite
?
What
?
Is
he
yet
ignorant
,
that
the
counsels
of
all
our
people
,
with
a
general
consent
and
uniformity
of
voices
,
are
long
agoe
united
and
knit
fast
together
in
this
point
;
and
that
they
wil
farre
rather
honourably
in
warre
and
Armes
liue
and
die
,
for
their
Lawes
,
and
for
their
natiue
Country
;
then
from
henceforth
shamefully
to
sinke
or
quaile
,
under
his
treacheries
and
deceits
?
What
,
doe
I
say
sinke
or
quaile
?
Nay
,
to
come
into
the
extremest
evils
of
Tyrannie
;
to
be
bound
with
untolerable
and
inhumane
bonds
of
slavery
,
and
to
be
reckoned
and
accounted
among
those
slaues
that
are
bought
and
sold
.
We
haue
prepared
,
made
ready
and
sharpened
,
a
perpetual
and
an
everlasting
warre
and
Armes
against
him
:
we
neither
haue
,
nor
may
cast
our
eies
upon
any
other
peace
,
then
upon
such
a
peace
as
is
grounded
,
confirmed
,
and
may
be
maintained
with
force
and
Armes
.
But
in
regard
that
a
little
before
I
beganne
to
speak
of
France
,
and
to
proue
that
our
warre
partly
was
joyned
with
that
same
;
therfore
I
will
proceed
to
adde
some
other
matters
hereunto
,
by
the
which
you
may
evidently
see
and
perceiue
,
how
many
treacheries
,
traps
and
deceits
that
Phillip
hath
laid
for
them
.
He
hath
a
long
time
since
,
as
you
know
,
ô
Princes
,
laboured
and
endevoured
to
assail
France
,
with
all
the
violence
and
force
of
his
warre
;
to
the
end
that
he
by
the
occasion
of
the
Civil
dissentions
in
France
,
might
effect
so
much
by
his
warres
and
charges
:
that
if
he
could
not
swallow
and
devoure
the
whole
Kingdom
;
yet
that
at
the
least
he
might
get
a
great
part
therof
.
For
he
had
made
his
ful
reckoning
and
account
beforehand
,
by
preparing
of
that
cruel
Fleet
,
that
both
France
and
England
had
been
a
prey
unto
their
enemies
:
Wheras
those
good
Princes
,
notwithstanding
had
nothing
at
all
endamaged
him
,
neither
was
he
by
any
injustice
provoked
to
that
warre
:
unlesse
peradventure
it
be
,
that
he
thought
this
occasion
sufficient
;
that
the
Pope
,
at
the
wil
and
desire
of
Phillip
had
excommunicated
those
two
flourishing
Kingdoms
,
for
their
exercising
and
ministery
of
the
Reformed
Religion
;
who
for
the
extirpation
and
eradication
of
that
Religion
;
Phillip
as
a
Cato
major
,
with
the
puissance
of
the
Romish
Censores
(
or
correction
masters
)
useth
to
haue
regard
unto
all
the
Kings
and
people
of
the
earth
,
and
therfore
to
correct
and
punish
them
,
which
is
indeed
a
matter
known
unto
you
all
;
for
which
no
man
can
sufficiently
wonder
at
the
shamefulnesse
thereof
,
and
might
now
neither
be
passed
by
nor
omitted
.
And
that
Phillip
in
these
warres
of
France
dealt
most
earnestly
,
and
with
the
greatest
diligence
and
alacrity
,
with
the
Duke
of
Feres
,
and
other
Spaniards
of
the
League
,
whom
he
as
companions
,
had
assisted
in
that
warre
,
to
haue
estranged
the
Right
and
Title
of
the
Crown
of
France
,
not
onely
from
the
succession
or
descent
of
the
Kings
bloud
and
kinred
,
but
even
from
all
Frenchmen
,
and
to
haue
drawn
the
same
to
Spain
.
These
things
are
so
certain
,
ô
Princes
,
that
there
is
no
man
which
doubteth
of
the
truth
hereof
.
But
to
what
end
doe
I
bring
these
into
your
Remembrances
;
What
is
this
to
maintain
the
purpose
I
haue
in
hand
;
For
this
end
it
serveth
;
therby
to
proue
how
exceeding
great
the
ambition
is
of
this
most
cruel
Tyrant
;
and
to
the
end
you
may
perceiue
and
see
how
greatly
,
not
onely
we
,
but
even
all
of
you
together
,
must
keep
good
watch
and
look
unto
it
.
For
like
as
the
nature
of
the
Vine
,
is
to
extend
the
branches
,
as
the
armes
therof
farre
and
wide
,
and
therwith
embraceth
and
layeth
hold
upon
every
thing
that
is
neer
it
,
if
it
be
not
lopt
and
pruned
:
Even
so
shal
Phillip
,
if
you
doe
not
all
at
once
make
resistance
,
at
the
last
destroy
and
devoure
all
Christendom
,
with
most
cruel
and
bloudy
warre
.
Moreover
,
he
by
his
Bribery
,
and
secret
conspiracy
had
lately
effected
so
much
in
Scotland
,
that
some
of
the
chiefe
of
that
Kingdom
,
should
haue
received
and
taken
in
twenty
thousand
Spaniards
,
if
they
had
not
been
punished
(
after
the
matter
was
known
and
revealed
)
according
as
their
treason
deserved
.
I
need
not
to
think
with
my selfe
,
that
I
can
sufficiently
expresse
with
words
,
what
treasons
,
what
perils
,
what
dangers
,
he
,
so
oftentimes
hath
attempted
against
the
Queen
and
Kingdom
of
England
.
Can
ambition
and
violence
proceed
yet
any
further
?
Yes
truely
.
For
the
like
treacheries
practised
he
a
little
before
against
the
Principallity
of
Collen
,
the
Dukedomes
of
Gelders
,
Gulich
,
Cleaue
;
the
County
of
Berghe
,
and
that
ancient
Emperial
Town
of
Aken
:
All
which
is
most
manifestly
and
apparantly
known
by
good
Testimonie
,
and
by
his
own
letters
.
And
who
knoweth
in
what
lurking
hole
and
corner
of
hipocrisie
and
dissimulation
,
he
hideth
and
sheltreth
his
most
mortal
hate
against
the
most
mighty
Princes
of
Italy
;
whom
(
as
soon
as
the
wind
of
the
first
oportunity
shal
blow
)
very
suddenly
,
shal
be
turned
into
coales
and
ashes
,
by
his
unquenchable
and
fearful
great
flames
of
warre
.
Doe
ye
not
yet
see
and
perceiue
enough
,
ô
Princes
,
what
treacheries
and
deceits
that
Phillip
prepareth
,
for
your
most
happy
Kingdomes
and
Provinces
,
which
are
your
patrimony
?
Considering
there
is
no
man
so
blind
nor
senselesse
,
who
seeth
not
;
and
understandeth
not
that
the
ambition
of
Phillip
never
resteth
,
but
daily
draweth
him
from
land
to
land
,
and
raiseth
a
new
warre
out
of
war
;
So
that
he
by
warres
,
sinne
,
mischiefe
,
and
meer
villanous
deceits
and
treacheries
,
under
the
pretence
of
a
seeming-peace
,
seeketh
to
deject
and
detrude
every
one
of
you
from
the
seat
of
your
Government
.
For
this
his
desire
is
unsatiable
and
immoderate
,
and
cannot
be
included
nor
shut
up
,
neither
in
Heaven
nor
in
Earth
.
If
that
all
Phillips
Kingdoms
which
he
useth
commonly
in
that
long
train
or
taile
of
his
most
proud
Titles
and
Termes
of
honour
were
put
or
laid
into
one
of
the
Scales
of
Critolaes
ballance
,
and
in
the
other
scoale
his
Ambition
or
greedy
desire
of
Honour
;
all
his
Kingdome
would
scarcely
weigh
the
quantity
of
one
grain
,
in
comparison
of
his
Ambition
.
Alexander
the
Great
looked
about
for
more
worlds
,
when
he
had
conquered
the
whole
world
;
but
Philip
would
,
if
he
could
,
with
the
Gyants
assault
the
heavens
.
And
therefore
,
ô
Princes
,
and
you
most
peaceful
Princes
,
I
intreat
you
,
and
I
would
admonish
you
,
that
you
judge
no
more
of
the
occasion
and
lawfulnesse
of
our
warre
;
but
in
your
judgments
and
opinions
to
hold
it
for
good
:
and
I
exhort
you
most
earnestly
again
and
againe
,
that
you
by
all
meanes
,
both
in
your
understandings
,
and
with
all
your
powers
,
wil
take
heed
of
the
treacheries
,
robberies
,
and
mischievous
practises
of
Phillips
deceits
.
In
former
times
,
when
as
the
Athenians
,
partly
with
warre
,
and
partly
with
deceits
and
treacheries
,
sought
to
get
unto
themselues
certain
neer
adjacent
places
,
as
the
Cities
of
Syracusa
,
Lacedemon
,
Messena
and
Catina
:
they
by
their
immoderate
Ambition
,
and
desire
of
others
Rights
,
drew
such
an
hatred
upon
their
own
heads
,
that
Darius
the
most
mighty
King
of
Persia
,
with
the
whole
Country
of
Grecia
,
voluntarily
undertook
and
prosecuted
warre
against
them
,
unto
which
every
man
ran
and
hasted
,
as
to
quench
a
publick
flame
.
But
you
,
ô
most
illustrious
Princes
,
ought
long
agoe
to
haue
expelled
Phillip
(
with
your
conjoyned
forces
from
you
,
and
from
your
prosperous
States
)
that
seeketh
continually
your
liues
and
Kingdoms
,
by
most
unjust
warre
,
and
by
most
wicked
enterprises
.
And
it
concernes
,
and
is
fitting
,
not
onely
for
you
,
who
for
a
long
time
since
,
haue
been
provoked
,
spurred
,
and
stirred
up
therunto
,
by
the
many
injuries
and
ambition
of
Phillip
,
but
even
you
altogether
,
who
see
and
perceiue
,
that
he
incroacheth
with
violence
upon
the
limits
of
your
neighbours
;
and
with
an
easie
and
slow
pace
creepeth
and
incroacheth
towards
your
Countries
.
It
standeth
you
upon
in
time
to
look
unto
it
;
to
the
end
,
that
your
neighbouring
Countries
,
being
conquered
and
brought
under
his
slavery
and
bondage
;
Tyrannie
,
when
you
least
think
upon
it
,
doe
not
incroach
upon
you
.
When
as
Phillip
of
Macedon
,
the
father
of
Alexander
the
Great
,
after
the
battel
with
the
Tribaldes
,
had
entertained
a
long
dissembling
warre
against
the
Athenians
,
the
Thebeans
assembled
themselues
for
this
occasion
;
fearing
,
lest
when
the
Athenians
had
been
conquered
,
the
fire
of
their
neighbouring-warre
might
haue
flown
unto
them
.
And
a
little
before
,
there
being
a
confederacie
made
betwixt
two
of
the
mightiest
Cities
;
who
,
before
had
been
at
extreme
enmity
with
each
other
,
terrified
therby
,
and
by
their
Embassadours
,
all
the
Country
of
Grecia
:
esteeming
it
so
,
that
a
common
enemy
ought
and
must
be
repelled
with
common
force
;
so
that
if
the
first
invasion
of
Phillip
of
Macedon
,
had
had
good
succcsse
;
he
would
not
haue
held
up
,
nor
rested
until
he
had
conquered
and
subjugated
the
whole
country
of
Grecia
.
The
Romanes
in
former
time
,
perceiving
that
the
power
of
the
Carthaginians
increased
and
grew
great
,
they
had
an
especial
care
that
the
Carthagenians
should
not
grow
so
great
as
to
over-master
them
:
And
for
that
end
they
sent
their
souldiers
to
relieue
the
Mamertines
from
the
beleagring
,
and
to
relieue
Spain
from
the
servitude
of
the
Africanes
.
Although
that
the
Venetians
are
not
very
lightly
incited
to
warre
,
but
when
the
matter
of
necessity
constrayneth
them
:
Yet
they
never
refused
to
send
their
warlike
power
for
the
succour
of
others
that
were
under
them
,
when
they
perceived
that
their
neighbours
contended
with
each
other
,
with
an
unreasonable
and
an
immoderate-violent
ambition
.
These
,
and
the
like
,
even
to
an
innumerable
examples
(
or
foredeeds
)
doe
teach
you
,
how
carefully
you
must
take
heed
of
that
most
pestilent
evil
,
of
the
Spanish
ambition
;
and
doe
shew
;
or
proue
,
that
it
is
a
righteous
and
just
cause
,
that
even
all
of
you
with
one
consent
with
us
,
prosecute
a
warre
against
that
Tyrant
.
For
our
States
doe
know
,
that
the
occasion
of
their
warre
against
Phillip
,
is
not
onely
exceeding
just
and
righteous
,
and
ever
was
:
but
also
,
that
they
at
no
time
,
now
nor
never
,
may
cease
their
warre
,
that
they
may
make
no
peace
with
Phillip
,
but
alwaies
must
maintain
warre
against
that
Tyrant
.
For
we
are
taught
by
our
friends
,
how
we
must
take
heed
of
our
enemies
:
For
if
Phillip
doe
gape
and
long
so
earnestly
,
and
with
such
diligence
for
your
Kingdomes
;
like
as
you
see
he
daily
doth
:
how
then
shal
we
speed
?
For
assured●y
he
wil
never
lay
aside
Armes
before
that
he
hath
subjugated
all
the
Netherlands
under
him
,
because
it
is
a
Countrey
so
fit
for
his
purpose
;
who
,
out
of
them
may
attempt
many
enterprises
upon
your
Kingdoms
,
and
daily
may
beginne
to
raise
new
warres
against
you
,
and
draw
out
of
them
Souldiers
,
Armes
,
and
all
manner
of
warlike
provision
against
your
adjacent
Countries
.
And
therfore
he
would
farre
rather
cast
the
greatest
part
of
Christendome
for
a
prey
to
the
Turks
;
then
to
cease
these
warres
.
At
the
last
Parlement
in
Germany
,
he
would
not
consent
to
furnish
the
Emperor
with
any
souldiers
,
nor
assistance
against
the
Turke
;
and
the
reason
was
,
because
he
might
the
better
vex
Christendom
with
warre
.
Doe
ye
yet
doubt
of
this
,
ô
yee
Princes
,
which
you
your selues
haue
seen
,
that
Phillip
in
the
beginning
of
our
Civil
Commotions
,
had
far
rather
loost
two
Kingdoms
,
Tunis
and
Goulet
,
which
the
Turkes
,
under
their
General
Sinam
Bascha
,
then
recovered
from
him
,
then
that
he
would
for
a
while
cease
his
warres
with
us
;
or
would
remoue
his
Souldiers
out
of
these
Provinces
,
against
the
most
deadly
and
mortal
enemy
of
all
Christendome
.
And
you
know
how
many
Souldiers
,
how
much
Armes
,
and
what
charges
Phillip
hath
been
at
,
and
wasted
,
to
maintain
this
warre
against
us
:
So
that
if
you
would
but
reckon
up
the
same
,
you
shal
find
that
he
might
haue
bought
and
purchased
two
Netherlands
with
that
money
:
although
notwithstanding
they
be
very
great
,
rich
,
and
exceeding
copious
.
So
that
there
is
no
doubt
of
this
,
but
Phillip
would
far
rather
endure
the
greatest
losse
that
might
betyde
him
then
that
he
would
leaue
Belgium
without
bellum
,
or
the
Low-countries
without
long-encountrings
of
warre
,
without
strife
,
without
souldiers
,
that
they
might
liue
in
peace
and
quietnesse
,
freely
and
wholly
according
to
their
Lawes
and
Priviledges
.
For
by
this
war
,
and
with
the
conquest
of
our
Provinces
,
he
wil
lay
and
establish
the
strongest
foundation
and
surest
ground-work
of
his
Monarchy
,
Sole-dominion
,
Tyrannie
,
and
cruel
Government
.
For
when
he
saw
and
perceived
that
these
Countries
were
so
singularly
fitting
for
his
cruel
treacheries
and
designments
,
and
that
our
Lawes
and
Liberties
contrarily
did
wholy
oppose
the
same
:
therfore
sought
he
first
of
all
with
warre
,
with
force
and
violence
,
to
pluck
up
,
teare
in
sunder
,
and
with
violence
to
oppresse
the
same
,
to
the
end
,
that
his
subjects
of
other
Kingdoms
,
which
at
this
present
he
hath
subjugated
,
or
else
might
subjugate
hereafter
;
from
this
our
concording
,
and
general
defence
of
our
Lawes
and
Liberty
,
might
take
no
example
or
instance
,
with
the
greater
courage
and
alacrity
to
stand
for
,
and
maintain
their
liberty
.
What
doe
you
then
judge
,
ô
you
most
peaceful
Princes
?
Or
,
what
is
your
conclusion
that
our
States
ought
to
doe
,
who
chiefly
seek
for
the
common
good
of
their
natiue
Countrey
?
Verely
it
cannot
be
with
them
,
as
it
is
under
the
Government
of
a
cruel
Tyrant
,
and
as
it
usually
is
in
ill-governed
Reipublicks
:
they
are
not
used
to
be
lead
,
and
to
submit
themselues
at
any
time
,
with
cap
and
knee
,
as
flatterers
doe
;
to
the
wills
,
desires
,
and
lusts
of
their
superiour
Lords
,
nor
to
be
dealt
with
all
as
hired
slaues
?
considering
that
they
never
would
admit
nor
suffer
,
that
their
Lawes
,
Liberties
,
nor
their
Reipublick
,
should
bow
or
submit
under
the
yoke
of
unjust
and
unlawful
Government
:
But
haue
as
good
fathers
of
their
natiue-Countrey
;
as
good
fighters
for
their
freedom
,
and
Defendors
of
their
Lawes
,
(
like
as
it
must
be
in
a
Reipublick
which
is
moderately
and
civilly
governed
by
their
Prince
)
directed
their
designes
,
wils
,
and
government
of
their
super●our
Lord
;
according
to
their
Lawes
,
and
the
preservation
of
their
Liberty
.
Do
you
think
that
the
Spaniards
shal
spoyle
and
cruelly
vexe
and
torment
our
Reipublick
,
and
that
we
with
shame
wil
leaue
and
quit
the
same
?
Shal
we
neglect
our
deare
countrey
and
libertie
?
Must
we
despise
the
lawes
of
our
predecessors
?
And
shall
they
pervert
&
turn
topsie-turvie
our
civil
orders
and
policie
into
tyranny
?
And
shal
we
with
wringing
hands
look
upon
the
coarse
,
and
behold
the
exequies
or
funerall
of
our
patriae
and
natiue
countrey
?
Shal
they
rend
&
teare
in
peeces
the
body
of
our
common-wealth
,
and
like
most
ravenous
beasts
devoure
the
same
?
And
shal
we
like
slaues
,
with
praying
and
intreating
,
hardly
preserue
our
own
liues
,
goods
,
and
meanes
?
Or
do
ye
not
far
rather
laud
and
extol
with
the
highest
commendation
of
honor
,
this
wil
&
affection
of
our
States
,
for
their
manumising
and
preserving
of
their
deare
and
natiue
countrey
?
incite
and
exhort
you
them
to
proceed
as
they
are
best
able
,
and
to
the
uttermost
of
their
powers
,
for
the
preservation
and
manumising
of
their
owne
liues
&
libertie
?
Come
not
these
things
daily
into
your
remembrances
,
when
you
think
of
the
Netherlandish
warre
,
or
discourse
thereof
,
which
I
haue
now
demonstrated
,
and
with
sure
and
infallible
and
uncontrollable
reasons
proved
unto
you
,
viz.
that
our
States
,
&
all
the
Netherders
,
being
drenched
and
soaked
in
misery
,
and
oppressed
with
the
crueltie
of
the
Spaniards
;
and
being
expeld
out
of
their
natiue
countrey
,
of
mere
necessitie
were
constrained
to
take
Arms
against
Philip
.
And
that
now
all
the
other
treacheries
,
infidelities
&
injuries
which
the
Spaniards
during
the
time
of
these
wars
haue
done
unto
the
Netherlanders
,
being
so
great
,
so
inhumane
,
and
so
incredible
,
that
they
themselues
(
so
to
speak
)
do
earnestly
exhort
,
do
require
&
command
,
that
the
States
with
a
constant
courage
,
should
keep
and
maintaine
their
armes
,
and
neither
now
,
nor
never
,
to
lay
them
out
of
their
hands
;
but
to
shew
unto
the
other
subjects
of
Philip
(
those
of
Sicilia
,
Calabria
,
Lombardie
,
Arragon
,
Castile
,
India
and
Portugal
)
yea
even
unto
your selues
,
O
illustrious
Princes
,
I
say
to
shew
,
&
with
valiant
deeds
to
proue
,
that
not
onely
we
,
but
all
of
you
together
,
yea
and
all
men
upon
the
face
of
the
earth
,
far
rather
ought
to
dye
,
then
to
behold
or
look
upon
the
face
of
that
tyrant
.
Do
ye
yet
think
,
or
can
you
imagine
with
your selues
,
that
Philip
,
with
the
limits
of
our
countrey
,
hath
limited
in
his
tyranny
?
Do
yee
not
yet
see
and
perceiue
,
that
the
high
ascending
and
mortal
flames
of
the
Spanish
tyranny
,
devoureth
and
swalloweth
up
the
tresholds
,
doores
,
and
turrets
of
your
kingdomes
?
Arise
and
at
the
last
awake
out
of
this
your
sleepe
and
carelesnesse
;
come
hither
with
speed
,
and
in
all
haste
flye
hereinto
,
for
to
quench
these
universall
fire-flames
.
Wherefore
doe
yee
seek
unto
us
against
our
wils
,
by
your
counsels
,
authorities
,
and
respects
,
to
induce
us
to
make
peace
with
Philip
;
whereas
it
had
been
more
fitting
,
that
you
your selues
long
agoe
,
with
warre
and
force
of
armes
should
haue
expelled
Philip
,
and
with
an
especial
force
and
power
to
haue
supprest
him
?
And
to
the
end
I
may
speak
unto
you
all
one
after
another
,
you
most
mightie
Princes
of
Germanie
,
be
sencible
,
that
Philip
in
your
Dutchland
doth
not
hunt
after
a
cruel
and
unjust
government
;
but
(
so
to
speak
)
doth
possesse
the
same
already
.
For
he
having
once
conquered
these
Netherlandish
provinces
;
when
you
will
not
bow
and
submit
to
his
government
:
he
will
haue
all
the
havens
of
the
sea
,
and
the
mouthes
of
all
the
Germane
rivers
at
his
owne
will
,
and
in
his
owne
power
;
thereby
afterwards
to
impose
such
grievous
tolles
and
taxations
upon
your
navigation
and
trading
,
or
else
wholly
wil
hinder
the
same
,
even
as
it
shall
please
himselfe
.
And
this
is
that
for
which
,
and
in
behalfe
whereof
,
one
or
two
of
the
provinces
doe
appeare
in
your
assemblies
and
consultations
:
you
heare
him
publickly
speak
his
minde
,
and
you
esteeme
and
preferre
his
tyrannical
advice
and
counsel
,
before
your
owne
prosperitie
and
tranquilitie
.
You
haue
him
,
the
Bishop
of
Frisinghen
and
Hildeshem
preferred
before
;
and
you
haue
seene
them
made
Princes
and
Prince-Electors
of
the
Empire
;
The
Bishop
of
Collen
,
Liege
,
and
Magdeborgh
:
and
you
haue
seen
that
the
most
ambitious
Duke
of
Bavaria
hath
laid
snares
for
you
all
.
And
to
the
end
that
I
may
turne
my
speech
unto
you
,
O
you
illustrious
and
mightie
powerful
Princes
of
Poland
,
hath
not
Philip
brought
a
great
number
of
that
generation
of
mankind
,
(
I
●ay
Iesuites
)
into
your
Countrey
,
by
whose
religion
and
policie
they
haue
brought
almost
the
whole
world
into
an
up-rore
,
to
the
end
that
he
by
their
meanes
,
with
Sun-shine-like
deceits
,
might
propound
unto
you
what
his
will
and
counsel
is
.
To
you
also
,
most
peacefull
Princes
of
Italie
,
I
haue
already
sayd
,
and
say
againe
,
that
the
sword
of
the
Spanish
tyranny
hangeth
by
a
very
small
threed
over
your
heads
,
already
naked
and
drawne
out
of
the
scabberd
.
And
for
you
,
O
most
illustrious
Senators
(
or
privie
Counsellors
)
of
Venice
,
you
your selues
haue
seen
and
beheld
the
tyranny
of
Philip
in
your
owne
State
and
government
,
when
he
sent
money
to
arme
the
Turke
against
you
;
and
diverted
the
power
and
force
of
the
Turk
from
his
owne
dominions
upon
Cypris
;
although
that
he
by
the
equitie
and
right
of
the
covenant
,
had
been
exceedingly
oblieged
and
beholding
unto
you
.
Therefore
O
Princes
of
Christendome
,
yet
even
now
,
at
the
longlast
,
be
carefull
of
your
owne
estates
and
affaires
,
of
your
owne
liues
and
prosperitie
;
mark
and
consider
it
wel
,
that
Philip
is
enemy
and
tyrant
to
you
all
,
and
suffer
him
to
liue
no
longer
in
the
world
:
but
resist
and
impeach
his
ambition
to
reigne
;
and
that
his
pestilent
and
mortal
government
proceed
no
further
.
And
like
as
some
certaine
members
are
cut
off
when
they
begin
to
be
without
life
and
bloud
,
and
are
hurtful
to
all
the
other
parts
of
the
body
;
even
so
must
you
also
esteeme
,
that
this
inhumane
cruelty
in
humane
shape
,
must
(
so
to
speak
)
be
separated
and
cut
from
the
common
body
of
men
.
Verily
the
deed
of
the
Persians
is
much
to
be
commended
,
and
ought
to
be
wel
thought
upon
of
you
all
;
who
when
Cometes
and
Oropastes
,
two
of
their
Magicians
(
or
wise
men
)
by
the
like
tyrannie
and
murther
of
Smerdis
,
king
of
Persia
,
possessed
the
kingdome
:
they
were
slaine
by
the
valour
of
seven
of
the
ablest
Princes
of
Persia
,
all
of
them
running
with
a
singular
affection
,
diligence
,
and
burning
zeale
to
kill
and
to
destroy
those
tyrants
with
their
swords
,
one
of
the
Magitians
clasped
about
the
neck
of
one
of
the
Princes
whose
name
was
Gobrias
,
which
made
his
companions
to
linger
the
more
,
because
they
would
not
kill
him
in
steed
of
the
magician
(
for
this
was
done
in
a
dark
place
)
who
commanded
the
Magician
to
thrust
his
sword
through
his
body
.
Yet
in
the
end
the
Magician
was
slaine
,
and
this
valiant
Gobrias
(
who
had
rather
to
haue
died
,
then
that
the
tyrant
should
haue
escaped
with
life
)
was
saved
,
and
had
his
life
preserved
.
Such
an
hate
did
these
men
beare
to
tyrants
.
The
Grecians
in
former
times
attributed
divine
honour
to
those
men
who
had
slaine
a
tyrant
.
And
doe
you
thinke
that
the
Netherlanders
shal
doe
evil
,
or
more
unjust
,
that
they
oppose
and
resist
Philip
that
inhumane
tyrant
.
The
Romanes
expelled
their
king
Tarquinus
Superbus
,
because
that
he
,
did
but
in
some
sort
weaken
the
state
of
their
common-wealth
;
and
shal
we
suffer
or
indure
Philip
in
our
common-wealth
,
who
not
onely
with
fire
and
sword
would
destroy
and
turn
up-side-downe
all
the
Netherlands
,
but
even
the
whole
world
?
No
,
by
no
meanes
.
Our
States
without
doubt
,
wil
proceed
and
prepare
the
way
for
you
to
break
off
,
and
to
expel
this
tyrant
.
They
wil
persevere
to
divert
,
driue
away
,
and
to
soile
him
so
farre
and
wide
from
suppressing
and
killing
of
our
prosperitie
,
that
once
,
not
onely
they
and
theirs
,
but
also
even
the
other
provinces
of
the
Netherlands
,
may
be
re-established
in
their
former
libertie
,
and
may
lead
them
out
of
the
straights
of
the
Spanish
tyrannie
,
and
repossesse
them
in
the
possession
of
their
predecessors
.
That
finally
,
they
being
re-established
,
and
better
ordered
,
and
united
and
bound
with
the
Provinces
of
the
whole
Netherlands
;
they
may
stop
the
incursion
and
invasion
of
this
cruel
tyrant
,
and
altogether
with
one
accord
may
expel
him
from
their
prosperitie
,
and
from
their
common
libertie
.
Amen
.