The meanes whereby the workes are to bee performed , containing a briefe of the new-diuised Instruments , Engines , &c.

THE INSTRVMENTS , Engines , Deuises , and Meanes for performance of the workes , are either Preparatory before the Mettals , or Materials come to be wrought ; or Preparatory after the Minerals , or fewell drawne ; or else are vsed about the workes themselues .

Preparatory before the Mettals or Materials come to bee wrought , are the meanes of most easie and least chargeable getting , and acquiring the Ewers , Minerals , Mettals , Materials , or Fewell , which consisteth in speedy digging , in quicke sinking of pits , in speedy remouing of impediments that may hinder the digging or sinking of pits ; in the easie drawing the Ewers , Minerals , or coles out of the pits ; and in the speedy and easie lading forth of the water therein , and draining the pits .

Preparatory , after the Minerals or Fewell drawne , are the more easie and speedy carriage ; and after that , the making , drying , & nealing of the Furnaces , and preparing some of the Materials , by beating , burning , or breaking ; and others by tempering and commixing , forming , moulding , and then drying and nealing , before the worke of burning , or melting be performed .

The Instruments , Engines , Deuises , and meanes vsed about the workes themselues are expressed amongst the new inuentions hereafter mentioned .

There are diuers new-deuised Engines for the drawing of water out of cole-mines , or other mines , which may bee also conuerted to the dra●… ing of fennes , marrish , or moorish grounds ; some of which Engines are to go and worke with wheeles , and buckets ; others with wheeles and pumpes : other deuises by falles or discents , making waters to mount continually , and may be conuerted to haue passage through pipes , cockes , or conduits , for seruing of Houses , Townes , or Citties : others are new-deuised milnes , to go by labour of men , winde , water , horse , or diuers of them together , to raise Hammers , or Bellowes for Metallicall workes ; or to grinde , or breake Metallicall Ewers , and Minerals into powder ; and may bee employed to drai●ing of mines , cole-pits , fennes , marrishes , or to such common vses of grinding , fulling , tucking , &c. that other common milnes are vsed for , and will doe as much with lesse charge , toyle , and expence .

A new kinde of artificiall cloth , deuised for Saile-clothes , for the new-deuised winde-milnes , made either of linnen , or wollen , or both mixt together , by a new kinde of weauing , which may be transferred to making of a very broad new kind of Wollen cloth , neuer heretofore vsually made or knowne , in any of his Maiesties Dominions , & will serue for curtaines or hangings , mentioned in the Schedules , annexed to the said Indenture of priuiledge , and may bee so dyed in wooll , and wouen by this new kinde of weauing , and dressed on both sides , that it shall bee of two seuerall colours ; one colour ( as greene , or any other colour ) on the one side ; and blew , or crimson , or any other colour , on the other side ; the cloth being much finer then any now vsually made , and sauing aboundance of wooll , by vsing lesse in weight , and thereby increasing the number of clothes ; and yet as durable , or more durable then the now vsuall broad-clothes , and reasonable cheape to be bought , and are some of them to be made two yards broad , so as a Cloake may be made thereof without seame . The making hereof will set more people ( by many ) on worke , then the clothing in common vse .

There is a new-deuised Engine which will either with Awgors , bore holes , vnder the clampes of Sea-cole , or Pit-cole , or any other Minerall , or with a raping wheele , make such Rigals that they may fall the easier , and with lesse charge , and toyle of men , and will serue for many other vses .

Certaine new-deuised Engines for the pulling vp of great rootes of trees , or great stones , with one mans strength at once : which roots and stones may otherwise hinder the speedy digging and sinking of cole-pits , or mines .

A new-deuised Engine , or Instrument for sawing of timber for proppes , or otherwise in mines ; or for sawing Free-stones , or Fire-stones , or for Furnaces , which with one mans labour will saw as much as sixe or eight men now vsually saw , and may bee conuerted to sawing of boords , or other things , or to raping of Log-wood , Brasill , or other woods for dying ▪

Diuers new-deuised Turne-barrels , or motions for Turne-barrels , for the easie drawing of coles out of the cole-pits , or other minerals out of mines , and may bee conuerted to vnloding , or raising of any thing of great weight , for Shippes , or for building .

Certaine new deuises , or engines to ease Carts , and Waines in carriage of Coles , or other minerals , halfe in halfe ; and may be conuerted to Coaches , Caroches , and other carriages ; so as two horses may draw as much as foure doe vsually : And by this deuice , and engines , with some other additions , three plowes , in light ground , and two plowes in other ground , may bee made to goe and worke with one man onely , and as few cattell as are now vsed for one plow , ridding twice or thrice as much worke in one day .

A new deuise , engine , or meanes for the easie rowing of Barges and Boats , for carriage of Coles , Mettals , or any other thing .

A deuice , or engine for the drawing vp such Barges or Boats through weeres or lockes for their speedier passage and carriage .

Certaine new-deuised Carriages , Carts , or Waines , to bee made to goe , or trauell alone , by reason of certaine motions , or scrues to bee vsed by one man ; and in some a horse may bee set , onely to turne withall : and these carriages will carry thir●● hundred weight at once , an ordinary pace , and an vsuall dayes iourney , and may bee conuerted to Coaches , Caroches , and other common carriages .

Diuers new-deuised Engines , Instruments , and meanes for the rearing of Hammers or Bellows for Iron-milnes , or workes , or other Metallicall operations , and may be conuerted to the dressing , rowing , and fulling of cloath ; and also to the sawing of timber , so as one man may performe as much as many . And some of these engines will make both Bellowes and Hammer to worke at once , and with one and the same engine , and with one mans labour , without winde or water .

A new-deuised Engine or Instrument to digge with , which with labour of two men shall performe as much as twenty men , and serueth chiefly for the speedy and easie getting of the fewels of peat , and turfe , and is of excellent vse for the speedy cutting and scouring of riuers .

Diuers new-deuised meanes or engines , whereby a breach in any banke , or stoppage , for conueying of water out of cole-pits , or mines , the dambe or poole of any Iron-mill , or other-mill , may be speedily , and easily stopped ; and may be conuerted to stoppe any breach in the bankes of any riuers , or sea-bankes

The Presse and mould and Instruments deuised , or vsed for making of Presse-wares .

Diuers new-deuised fire-workes , instruments , or kilnes to put fire into , which are to be made of Iron , or other mettals , or materials , with funnels , or passages to vent the smoake , are deuised to dry and neale furnaces , before full fire be put therein , and serue also to dry potters ware , before it be burnt ; and may bee of excellent vse in ordinary kilnes to dry malt , starch , hops , saffron , or any such thing , with New-castle sea-cole , or any other sea-cole , or pit-cole ; or with any turfe , peat , or flag ; so as the malt , or other thing shall be dried exceeding sweet and faire , without sent , taint or touch of the fewell , or any smoake proceeding there-from .

A new-deuised ventible , round , & hollow , with a long spout to be made of some mettall , or potters earth , wherein water being put , and the same placed on a fire , as it heateth , and the water euaporateth by the spout , it maketh a continuall blast to kindle , or increase the fire in furnaces , or fire-workes , and may be conuerted to many other excellent vses ; and the same may be so made in seuerall peeces with the top or vpper part remoueable at pleasure , so as the lower part being made to stand on feet , may serue at pleasure for a possenet , skellet , or boylatory ; and when the top is put on , and well fastened and luted , it may then serue for the ventible to make the blast .

For such of the workes as require light to worke by in the night , being distant from the places where the Furnaces are , there is a new-deuised luminary of glasse , or glasses filled with water , & a candle placed to giue light through it , which giueth a very great light a great distance off , with small charge ; and may be conuerted to excellent vse , being placed in high places , in crosse-wayes , and streets of Citties and Townes , to the sauing of lanthorne , and candlelight , and the auoyding of inconueniences happening by darknesse .

The Description of the Furnaces , and Fire-workes , and Additaments .

FVrnaces are either such as are not of diuision , wherein the mettall or materiall , to be melted , or wrought , lyeth together in one place vndiuided : or Furnaces of diuision , wherein the mettall or material to be melted , or wrought , is kept diuided from the fewell in seuerall places ; so as no substance of the fewell , but onely the heate and flame thereof can touch the mettall or materiall .

The Furnaces , or Fire-workes of diuision may be made with bellows , or without bellows , as wind-furnaces , which are best , and least chargeable .

These Furnaces may bee made to haue the flame come vp in the middest , with a Cisterne , or Hearth , wherein the mettall lyeth on all sides encompassing the flame ; or else the flame may come vp betwixt two , or more Cisternes or Hearths ; or else the flame may come vp on one side of the Hearth , or Cisterne , or on both sides , or in seueral angles , or places , without the Hearthes or Cisternes , at pleasure of the owner .

The fewell alwayes lying on grates without the Cisterne or Hearth , through which grates the aire , or winde gathereth , and so maketh the fire to burne , the Ashes falling through the grates .

The Furnaces or Fire-works may be made round , or long , or triangular , or quadrangular , or with more angles , or part circular , or semi-circular , or part angular , or in as many seuerall formes or fashions as the owner pleaseth ; and in euery of them the workes may be wrought , though in some better , or more readily then in others .

The Furnaces may be made with one , two , three , or more Cisternes , or Hearthes , to containe the ewers , or mettals to bee melted , or wrought , so as one , two , three , or more Sowes of Iron , or other mettal , may be made to run all out at once , and euery of them of as great or greater weight as any Sowes now ordinarily cast .

The Furnaces may bee made either close on the top , with some vent-holes , and so meerely reuerberatory , the mettals , or materials to bee melted , or wrought lying in the Cisterne or Hearth before it be melted , and is therein melted , and thence run forth .

Or else the furnaces may be made with one , or more funels , as it were chimneys on the top , or in the sides , or ends , with grates of free-stone made in the bottoms of those funnels , placed right ouer the Cisternes , or Hearthes : in which funnels the materials , to be melted , may be put , and the flame and fire shall haue only passage through those funnels , there melting the materials ; so as they fall melted thence into the Cisternes and Hearthes , where they are cleansed , and thence run forth into Sowes .

The Furnaces may be made with out-wings , into which the flame may passe by vent-holes , or without such out-wings . These out-wings may serue to roast the Ewre , or for many other purposes .

The Furnaces may be made with conuenient places therein for the Finery and Chaffery ; so as one & the same furnace , with one and the same charge of fire , may serue both to melt , cleanse , and fine the mettals , and to do all the works at once , & in one place , that are now done in seuerall places , by furnace , Finery , and Chaffery ; and may bee set vp close at the mine , with an engine to raise the hammer , &c. with one mans labour , there to be vsed without trouble of carriage , and without the charge of any watermilne .

The Furnaces may be made great and fixt for greater works ; or small and moueable , for smaller works , and tryals ; and by conueying , circling , or twining pipes of mettal , or burnt earth , through any of them , through which pipes water may haue passage , the one end thereof beeing fastened on a cocke or conduit , and the other end kept stopt with a cocke , or otherwise , and opened at pleasure . It may be made to run hot water continually , or so long as the party pleaseth to vse it ; and then being remoued , the maine cocke or conduit may run cold water againe . All which may be performed with far lesse charge then is now vsed in heating of caldrons , kettles , or receiuers of water by Felt-makers , Launderers , or any others .

One and the same furnace may be so contriued and made , as it may do all the workes Metallicall of burning , melting , fining , &c. the Ewer or Mettall : And also the worke of any boylery , to gather the concret thereof , or for any other purpose ; and also to make a cocke , or conduit run hot water ; and also to make Bugles , China worke , and glasse-worke therin . And to bake and burne potters-ware , and other burntearthes , or as many of those seuerall workes as the owner pleaseth to be done at one and the same time , with one and the same fire .

All boylatories of things liquid , and all kilnes to dry Malt , or other things , & all clampes or kilnes to burne tiles , or potters-ware , or any thing of burnt earth ( except onely where New-castle Sea-cole is intermixt in burning of brickes ) are fire-workes of diuision .

The said mettals of Iron , &c. may bee also made with the said fewels in common Blomeries , Fineries , and Chafferies , but much better in Blomeries , Fineries and Chafferies of deuision , which are of new inuention , not yet vsually vsed about the said workes , wherein the materials , to bee melted or wrought , may be kept diuided , from touch of the fewels .

Certaine new deuises in framing of chimneys , and other things thereabouts , for drying of earthen vessels , before they be burnt , and for drying of concrets made by boyleries ; which deuises may be transferred to common chimneys , whereby halfe the fewel , now spent therein , may be saued .

Certaine new deuised vessels , or caldrons , made of wood , or mettall , or both , for boyling of liquors , or wort for Brewers , or others .

There are certaine Fluxes , and Additaments for the speedier and more perfect melting , separating , and purifying of Iron , and other mettals from their slagge , drosse , and cyndar ; as transparent or glassy stones , or sand , Criso●all , or Borax , gall of glasse , glasse beaten to powder ; and for small tryals of Tyn , or Lead , Soap , or Wax , or some fatty substance , are propper Additraments ; and Lead it selfe is fit for separating of other mettals : The slagge of former melted mettals , as the slagge of Iron to melt and purifiy Iron ouer , for which also Lyme and ashes of wood , and dust of char-coale , are vsed ; and for small trials , Arsnicke , Sulpher , Vitriol , Tartar , Saltgemme , Salt-niter , and Stybium , some of which may be also vsed in greater workes , for which also Salt-peter is by new inuention deuised to bee made cheape , and in one place continually , without trouble of digging of houses , or Stables , and may bee conuerted to make gun-powder in aboundance .

There is also some speciall new deuised Additraments , for the more speedy and perfect separating & purifying of Iron , from the slag , drosse , and cynder , in making of Iron with Sea-coale , or other the priuileged Fewels ; which special Additraments are specified and declared in writing , with the descriptions , or models of diuers engins , instruments , deuises , and inuentions drawne in parchment , and remaining in custody of the fore-named Iohn Ferrour .

A new deuised stoue , for the opening and better dressing of Wooll , with a new kind of dressing , and spinning thereof , for a new kind of cloathing .

The Materials and things to bee melted , made , or wrought , by the Fewels of Sea-cole , &c.

ALL Ewers , or Oares , and mettals of Iron , Steele , Brasse , Copper , Lattin , Tyn , Pewter , Lead , Alchimy-ware , Bel-mettals , Candlestickemettals , and all other Mettals and Mynerals whatsoeuer , either simple , or commixt .

All Ash-mettals , Sand-mettals , Bugles , Ammels , and all other things whatsoeuer , simple , or commixt , to be melted , made , or wrought , or conuerted into any stony , or glassy substance .

All burnt earthes , earthen vessels , stone-pots , earthen-pots , Potters-ware , Tobacco-pipes , pipes of earth , cast Iron , or other Mettall , or stuffe whatsoeuer to conuey water in ; pauing-stones , Mantletrees for chimneyes , pillers , monions for windowes , or other ornaments of burnt earth , artificiall marble , or things of burnt earth like marble ; burnt earth like free-stone , or other stone for building , or other vses ; tiles , way-earthes , lime , plaisters , the making , moulding , perfecting and burning of certaine white earthen vessels , painted with diuers colours , commonly called by the name , or names of Fatanza vessel ; & a certaine earthen vessell of Iaspercolour , or such as are brought out of the Straights , Italy , Spaine , France , Germany , and the low Countries , together with pauing-tiles , chymney-peeces , monions for windowes , and such other things framed and fashioned of earth , not vsually heretofore made in any of his Maiesties Dominions or Countries : and all things whatsoeuer , made , or to bee made of earth , and then burnt , or hardened .

All kinde of Presse-ware , to be made by presse and mould , or either of them , and framed or fashioned of earth , or other stuffe or substance .

Bricke may be made with pit-cole , or stone-cole , or any other of the priuiledged fewels , better then with New-castle sea-cole , without danger of that losse which oft happeneth by New-castle cole ; which , as it is now vsed , doth many times spoyle much of the bricke-clampe by making it run together in a lumpe .

All boyleries , and hot waters , and all concrets gathered by boyleries , all Copperosses , Allomes , Saltpeter to be made in one place continually , without trouble of digging houses , or stables , being a new inuention . Sugers , Rosins , Gums , Turpentines , Waxes , Tallowes , Sopes , the making , boyling , and perfecting of certaine Sopes , called white Sopes , hard Sope , sweet Sope , and Castle-sope , not vsually heretofore made in any of his Maiesties Dominions or Countries Oyles , distilled waters , commixtures , and all other boyleries , or dicoctions whatsoeuer , heretofore boiled or heated vsually with wood fuell , or char-cole .

Conuerting , or making of Iron into Steele , or Copper .

The burning of any weedes , or hearbes , or other thing into ashes ; or any stony , or glassy substance for Dyers or Glasse-makers .

Extractions of siluer out of lead , or lead Ewre , or either of them , Conuerting of lead , or lead Ewre into litarge , or into white , or red lead , or into Caeruse .

A new-deuised stuffe wherewith ships , boates , or other vessels may be trimmed as cheape as now they are ; and shall endure ten yeares together water-tite , without new-dressing , or hurt by mosse , or wormes , so as they run not on grauelly shelues ; and will bee exceeding good to preserue all timber-workes from wormes and rotting , a small example , or parcell of the stuffe remaineth in custody of Mr. Ferrour .

A new deuised hard coniealed stuffe , which will make a liquor , or commixture , which will fixe false dying-woods , so as they will endure all cold and wearing trials , and much more ; as may appeare by a Certificate made to the right Ho : the Lords of his Maiesties most honourable Priuy Councell , by the Lo : Mayor , and Recorder of London , on behalfe , of that friend , by whose information the said Iohn Rovenzon attained to this inuention : An ensample , or parcell of this coniealed stuffe remaineth in custody of M. Ferrour .

All Chymicall works , and operations whatsoeuer hitherto done vsually , by fire of wood , or charcole , may by these new inuentions , meanes , instruments , or operations , be made , wrought , or done by fire made with Sea-cole , pit-cole , and other the priuiledged fuels .

The Models of all , or most engins , and instruments before mentioned , remaine in the custody of the said M. Ferrour , and had bene now expressed in Print , but that the shortnesse of time limited for the Impression hereof will not permit . To expresse the Furnaces by modell is needlesse , in regard that some of them haue been already set vp by mee the now Patentee ; and beside , they may be varied into so many seuerall formes and figures , according to the seuerall humors of the owners , as cannot be well expressed by models .

The Charge of an Iron-worke , or Furnace .

1 A Reasonable , or conuenient house close by the mine , to set the furnace in , so as carriage of the Ewre shall be therby saued : the charge of that house cannot be great .

2 The Furnace it selfe to worke withall ( which shal do as much , or more then any Furnaces now vsed with char-cole ) may bee set vp in the Country , for lesse then ten pounds charges , if their Fire-stone bee not fetched too farre .

Vpon decay of the Furnace in the fire-stone or hearth , the one end of the Furnace may bee pulled downe , and a new fire-stone , or hearth put in , and the Furnace re-edified and built all againe for forty shillings charge , or lesse .

The Furnace beeing a winde-furnace ( which is best ) saueth the charge of the bellowes , and of a milne to make them blow . And the Engine to raise the hammer for the Finery and Chaffery , by helpe of one man , saueth the charge of the milnes for the Finery and Chaffery : and if the Engine , Finery and Chaffery be set vp in the place where the Furnace to make Sow-Iron is , which may well be done ; it will saue the charge of infinite carriage of cole , stone , and Sow-Iron .

The Furnace may be so contriued , that it may serue also for Finery , and Chaffery ; so as the Sow-Iron may bee fined at one time , and in one and the same Furnace , where it is made Sow-Iron .

After the Furnace commeth to full heate , which will be after 8 or 9 dayes , or fewer , heating and nealing by degrees , euery tun of Sow-Iron will not require , for the most part , aboue a Tun of pit-cole to be made withall .

Whereas an Iron-worke cannot be well set vp , and set on worke , after the vsuall manner , without a 1000 pound , or 1500 pound dis-bursement , and stocke ; now , by this new Inuention , an 100 l' stocke will performe as much with Seacole , and the new-deuised Furnaces , hauing a conuenient house to set the Furnace in .