The order of drawing or tracing .

FIrst thou shalt with a pensill of black Leade , or with a coale made sharpe at the poynt , trace al thy letters , and set thy Vinets or flowres , and then thy imagery if thou wilt make any . And then shalte thou with a small pen draw all thou hast portred , then make thy syse on this wise .

¶ To make a double syse or bottome to lay or settle siluer or golde vpon , called an embossed ground .

TAke Venis Cereuse , white lead , the plaister of an olde image or chalke , any of these made in fiue pouder , and then grounde with the glayre of an egge and a little water on a paynters stone maketh a good bottome to lay vnder siluer . But when you shall vse any of them to laye vnder golde , doe to it a little Saffron therewith to make it somewhat yealow , but beware ye put not too muche water thereto , for then wil it be ouer weake , and if you do ouermuch glayre to it , then will it be ouer stiffe , therefore mingle it after discretion , and looke thy syse be thick standing , and set thy syse thus tempered and couered in a horn or a shell in some seller or shadowed place , or vnder the earth where it may stand moyst by the space of vii dayes . vntil it be perfite clammy , and rotten , and euery day once stirre it about , and you shal wel vnderstand that al the sises the elder they be and the more clammy , & rotten they be , the better they be , for al the craft is in wel making and tempering of the sise , and if there stand anye belles vppon the sise , put in eare ware , for it is a remedy therefore , and before you lay it on your worke , first lay the syse on a scrow , and drye it , and when it is drye , bend it , and if it bend , and breake not , then it is good and perfect , and if it breake put therto a little water to make it weaker , and proue if it cleueth fast to the booke , and if it do not , then put glayre therto , and make it more stedfast . The like syse may you make with Gypsium , boole Armoniake , red or yealo Oker orpiment or Masticot with brown of Spayn or with red lead , if euery of them be ground by himselfe and tempered , and ordred in maner and fourme aboue written .

To make a thin syse or bottome to lay or settle siluer or gold vpon , called a single ground .

TAke the new shreds of glouers leather , or of new parchment , for that is best , and seeth them in fayre water from a quart to a pinte that the liquor be somewhat thicke and clammy betweene your fingers , then strayne the liquor from the shreds , and put it being hote in some stone vessell , and so worke it forth before it be colde , and when you laye on your siluer or gold , see that your sise be neither too moyst , nor too drye , but in a meane betweene both , for dread of appayring your worke . The like syse maye you make ( without heating them at the fyre ) of glue water made of parchment glue for that is best , or with water gummed some what thick with gum Arabick or of good old glayre , or with the milke of greene figges alone , or with the milke of spourge or of wartweede , or with the yelow milke of greene salendine , or with the iuyce of garlike , or of onyon heades , or with the water and grease of snayles . Vpon euery of these may you lay your leaues of siluer or golde hauing regard that your ground be neyther too moyst , nor to drye , when you shall lay or settle the same therevpon .

¶ To lay a double syse on letters , or vppon other thinges .

YOu shall with a pencel made of gray amys , or calliber tailes lay on thy syse somwhat substancially , or if thou wilt first thinne , and after thicker , and then dry it , & when it is drye wet it lightly with thy spittle , and then shaue it with a sharpe knife , vntil it be euen without hils , & if there fall any default therein , or else there is more in one place then in another , lay agayne thy syse on it , and drye it and ingrosse it as is sayd before , & when it is engrossed & made playn , then burnish it with the tooth of a calfe of an oxe , or of an horse that is made therefore standing in a crooked stick ▪ and when it is burnished and made euen and shining , then is it ready to lay on it thy gold or thy siluer .

To lay golde or siluer on syse .

FIrst cut the leaues of gold or Siluer in peeces with a sharpe knife , or a knife made of a great reede vppon a little bord as broade as a trencher couered with a calues skin raysed or vnderstuffed with wooll or floxe or else vnstuffed ▪ then shalt thou with a pensill weat lightlye on thy mouth weat thy syse , so it be a little moyste , and then weat thy pensill agayne in thy mouth on the same wise , and touche thy golde or siluer that thou hast cutte by a corner lightlye , and laye it on thy syse , before made a little moyst , and then thou shalt take the tayle of an hare , of a conney , or a peece of cotton & lightly presse it down on thy syse , & when thou hast thus done , let it drye vntill it be wel dryed , then burnishe it : for if thou shalte burnishe it weate thou shalt rubbe of all , and when it is well dryed , take the tuske that thou doest burnish with and drie it , and heat it well on thy cheeke , then burnish thy golde firste softlye , and then harder vntill it shine , but burnish it not ouer long , for dreade of apparing . And when thou haste well burnished it , then take a white woollen cloth or an hares foote , and rubbe all away , saue it which cleaueth to the sise , & if ther be any place faultie , so that the gold faile for drynesse of the syse , then weat it agayne and lay on the golde , and dry it and burnish it as you did before .

To make gum water to temper colours with all .

TAke clean water , & do it in a vessel & put thereto a porcion of gumme Arabec & let it stand vntill the gum be wel dissolued and molten in the water , but looke it be not ouer thick of gum , for then it is euill to worke with , and if it be too thin of gum , then will the colour fade and fall of , therfore keepe a meane & temper thy colours therwith , such as it serueth for best . Note the best gumme is cleare and brittle that in stamping it , it becommeth pouder easily without cleauing together .

To make glayre for the like purpose .

TAke the white of newe layde egges as manye as you thinke good , and strayne them through a linnen cloth to take out the cocke treadinges , then put them in a dishe and wring them through a sponge or a white woollen cloth vntill they be as thin as water , then wash the sponge or cloth , and drye it . And put the glaire to th use aforesaid in a stone pot , or a glasse fast stopped , and spend it as soone as ye can , for it will not keepe aboue three dayes , but it will haue an ill sauour , except they be ordred as followeth .

¶ To keepe whites of egges as long as ye will , without corrupting or putting of Arsenik to them .

Take the whites of egges , not breaking them in anye wise , but take out the cocktreading , and put to them as much of the best white vineger as shall suffyse the quantitie of the whites , leauing it so the space of two dayes , then passe it through some linnen cloth without breaking or beating the white of the egges leauing it so the space of viii . dayes , then strayne it agayne , and put it in a vial wel stopped , to occupie for the purposes aboue written .

¶ To temper golde or siluer wherewith you may write with a pen or paint with a pensill .

TAke fiue or sixe leaues of beaten golde or siluer , and Gold & siluer . grynd them wel and finely on a paynters stone with a little hony , then put it into a glasse with a quantity of faire water , & let it stand one night , then drane the water and the hony afterward from the golde , & put to the gold gum water , and then write with it , and when it is drye , burnish it with an oxe tooth . Also if you grind your leaues of gold with glayre only without hony putting to it , you maye wel write therwith in adding to it a little gumme water , and with your golde tempered in maner abouesayde you may diaper with a small pen or pensill vpon colours . If Diaper . Shell gold and shell siluer . you wil buy at the Poticaries shel gold or shel siluer , with the which ( being tempered with gumme water ) you may very wel write with a pen , or paynt with a pensil .

To temper azure or Byze .

GRind azure or byze on a painters stone with clene water , then put it in a broad glasse or in a broade shel , and Asure or light blue for arms . when it hath stand a while al the dregs will fleete aboue , and all the cleane coloure will fall to the bottome , then poure out the water with the dregges , & put the azure in cleane water agayne . Then sturre the colour and the water together , & let it stand & fine , & after that poure out the water and the dregs agayn , and do thus vntil it bee well purged & clarified , for the Potecaries mingle chalke therwith to multiplie it to their profite , but this you must doe to clarifie it to the first kinde if neede be , thē shal you grind it agayne vpon a paynters stone with gummed water , then put it into a horne or a shell , and when you will write or paint . Then stirre it with a sticke , and let the sticke droppe into the pen , for this vermilion , & this colour will fal to the bottome , and sinke as leade .

His falle colour , two parts azure , and one of Cereuse , & sadded with the same azure or with black inke , or with Indebaudias .

How to make azure and Byze sadder if they be of a light colour .

Take good blue Turnesoll , and weat it in gum water , and then wring it , and with that water temper the azure or Byze , or else if thou wilt thou mayst with a pensill drawe with thy turnesoll ouer the byze when it is drye whether it be vinet or imagery .

To temper Indebaudias .

GRynde Indebaudias on a paynters stone , with gumme Ag Indian black . water , & put it in a shell to worke withal .

His false colour , Two parts Inde , & the third part white lead or Cereuse & sadded with the same Inde or with sad Inke , Indebaudias of it selfe maketh a darke & sad blacke , but being ground with white lead or Cereuse as is aforesayd , it maketh a browne blue . Browne blue .

To temper smalt or Florey .

SMalt or florrey being tempered in a shell with gumme water maketh a blue , but not so perfecte a coloure Blue colour . as azure or byze doth make . The Poticaries doe put to it often times fine sand or chalke to multiply it to their profit , fit , therefore in chusing of it , take that which is brighte of colour , and not harsh , but soft betweene the fingers .

To temper Orpiment or Masticot for a yealowe .

GRynd Orpiment and Masticot ech by it self on a painters stone with Gumme water , and in grinding add to A gold yello for armes . the Masticot a little Saffron , & the colour wil be the liuelyer : and when they be wel ground , put them seuerally in shelles to worke withal .

Orpyment may be clayed with chalke , and dimmed , that is to say , sadder , or darked with Oker de Luke , or with Browne of Spayne .

To temper Vermelion .

GRynd Vermelion on a painters stone , first drye , & then A Vermelion red for armes . do therto a little glayre of egs , & grind it again , vntill the brightnesse be fordone , with a litle of the yelke , and let it stand a day or more , vntil it be wel fined . And when thou doest worke therwith , stirre it well together , and if it bee thicke as lyme , do a little water therto : and if it shal haue an ill sauour , then put into it three chines of Saffron , and it wil take away the euil sent .

His false colour two parts Vermelion , and the thirde part Cerius , and mingle them together , if thou wilt , with the same vermelion .

To temper Turnesoll .

WEat Turnesoll once or twise in good thinne gleere , Turnesoll . and let it lye therein vntil it be well steeped . Then wring it into a dish , vntill the colour bee good and sadde . With this you maye florishe redde letters , or vestures . And this colour shall be enewed ( that is to saye ) darked or sadded with black ynke .

His false colour two parts Turnesoll , and one of Cerius , and it shal be sadded with the same Turnesol .

To temper good Roset .

TAke the finest & best coloured Roset , and grind it with Roset colour . gum water on a paynters stone , & so work it forth , this colour may be clayed with chalke or cerius , & sadded with himselfe .

To temper Brasill wherwith to write , florish , or rule bokes .

Take brasil finely scraped , or grosly beaten to pouder , & put Brasill . therto the glaire of an egge , or gum water , & a little Allum made in pouder , and let thē steepe a night and a day : & then straine out the liquor , and keepe it to the vse aforesayd .

To temper good Synapour .

GRynd synapour lake , and synapour topes eche by himself Bloody color . on a painters stone with good glaire . Then put thē in seueral shelles , & worke them foorth , and if they bee too light put to them a little Turnesoll .

His false colour ii . parts synapour , & a thirde of Cerius , and lay it on thy vinets , and when it is drye , sadde it with good synapour , and diaper ouer it with white Cerius .

To temper red Lead .

GRind red Lead wel with gum water , and then put it in Red lead . a shel : & when ye work with it , stir it as ye do vermelion .

Of this you shal make no false colour , but of himselfe , & sad it with Synapour , or with good browne of Spain , or with light black , or with Vermelion .

To temper black lead .

GRynd wel black Lead with gumme water on a Painters Crane colour . stone , & then put it in a shell to work withal : this is a perfite crane colour of it selfe .

To temper browne of Spayne .

GRind good brown with gumme water on a paynters Broun colour . stone , & when it is very well ground put it into a shell . His false colour two parts browne , and the third parte of white Lead , and sadded with the same sad color of browne .

To temper Oker de Luke , and Oker de Rouse , which make browne colours .

OKer de Luke , and Oker de Rouse shall first be seuerally Good colours for heare . broken in a brasen morter , & after ground ech by himselfe on a paynters stone with gumme water , and mixed with a little chalke , and enewed or sadded with good Oker , or with Brown , either of them maketh a good colour for heare on heades , or on beardes .

To temper greene Byze .

Take greene Byze that is soft , and not harsh betweene Greene Byze . the fingers , for if it be harshe , it is mixt with sand , whiche the Apothecaries do vse oftentimes to multiply it to their gayne . And temper it in a shell with gumme water , and it will be perfite to worke withall . And when you wryte , stirre this colour as you do Azure , and wash it , and dresse it in forme aforesayde : as you do your Azure , before you grynde it with gumme water .

To temper Vertgreace , called Spanish greene .

TAke Vertgrease well cleansed , and picked from drosse & An Emerand green for arms motes , & grind it on a painters stone first drye , and put therto a little of the gal of a Neat , and of the iuyce of rue , with a litle saffron , and bray all these together on that same stone , thē put it into a horn or shel vntil it be dry . And when you will occupy it , take part thereof and grinde it againe with Viniger or Vergis , or with the pisse of a yong child , euery of them hauing gumme Arabic dissolued in them .

His false colour two parts , good greene , and the third of Light greene . Cerius , and sadded with a good greene , and Diaper ouer it with Venis Cerius .

To temper Saffron .

STeepe saffron in good glaire , and so worke it forth with Saffron . a smal pensill , and if thou wilt , thou mayst enew it with good Vermelion , with Saffron also you may enew or florish ouer letters , or any other thing thou wilt .

To temper Venis Cerius , and white lead .

GRind Cerius or white Lead , ech by himself on a painters A pure white for armes . stone , with cleare water , and therewith thou shalt diaper and florish aboue all thy colours with a purselour , made of a small pensill . And this colour is tempered only with water , or with water lightly chastsed with gumme , for they stand aboue all other colours that be gummed .

To make a fume black called Sable .

TAke a cleane Latten bason , and hold a burning torche vnder it , vntil the bottome be black , and then take of A Sable or black for arms that blacke , and temper it with glayre , or with Gumme water , and so worke with it .

To make an excellent black like veluet .

TAke Hartes horne , and burne it to cole on a Coliars A veluet black harth , then make fine poulder thereof , and grind it on a paynters stone , with the gall of a Neat . Then put it in a shel to drye in a shadowy place . And when you will occupy the same , grynde parte thereof agayne with the glaire , or with gumme water , and worke it forth .

¶ To make a black colour , or an ynke of a good perfection , wherewith you may write with a pen or pensil .

TAke a pound and a halfe of rayne water , with 3 ounces of the waightiest galles you can get . Bruse them in Black ynke . small peeces , and poure them into the sayd water , and so let it stande two dayes in the sunne , then put to it two ounces of green Coperas , or else of Romain Vitrial , which is best , wel coloured and beaten smal : and stir all these together with a stick of hard wood , and let it stand agayne two dayes more in the sunne , putting to it one ounce of gumme Arabike , that is cleare and bright , and beaten in poulder , and one ounce of the peeles of Pomgranads , and thē boile al a little on a slow fire . That done , straine it , and keepe it in a vessel of leade or of glasse , and it wil be very black and perfit good ynke , and if you find it thick , and that it be not flowing inough , put to it a litle cleare lie , which wil make it liquide and thin . And if it be too cleare , ad to it a little gumme Arabike . And to haue your ynke to continue long , and not too hoare put therein bay salt . Note that the galles must be small curled , and massiue within , if they bee good . The good Vitriol is alwayes within , of a colour like the element , the best gum is cleare and brittle , that in stamping it becommeth poulder , easily without cleauing together .

Thus is taught the way how to temper Gold , siluer , & colors to lim , or to write withal vpon velym , parchement , or Paper . That is to say Vermelion , Turnesell , Synapour and Saffron , with good glayre . Syse with glayre chasticed with a portion of water , Azure , Byze , greene Byze , red Lead roset Smalt , black Lead , browne Oker , Orpyment , Masticot , and Indebaudias with gumme water , vertgrease with vineger , vergis , or with the pisse of a yong chylde , Cerius , and white lead , with cleare water , or with water lightly gummed , brasill , and Fume blacke , with glayre , or with gumme water , which you think best for your purpose .

Also there is another way which is vsed amongst the excellent sort of paynters , that is , to grind & temper all colors for limming ( sauing such as be white ) first with that gall of a Neat , & then let thē dry , & after when you wil work them , take part therof , & grind it againe with glaire , or with gumme water , as the colour requireth , and so worke it forth . It is sayd that water killeth & darkneth the brightnes of most colours that be tempered therewith . But this gal preserueth the brightnesse , & maketh thē more liuelier to behold : which thing experience wil teache you more perfitely .

Note that al colours to limme or to write withal should neuer be tempered with any kinde of oyle , for oyles serue most aptly for to temper colours to lay vppon stone , timber , yron , lead , coper , & such like . And oile of Linseed , which is called flax seed , & oyle of walnuts are most vsed , & be most best of al other oyles for the same purpose .

Also al colors to limme or write withall when they be tempered , would be put in shelles , in vessels of stone , leade , or of glasse , and kept vnder the ground in some seller , or in some moyst , and shadowye place , for drying ouer fast : & the elder they be the better they be , if they be kept couered from filth & dust . And note that there is great regard to bee had to the well grinding and tempering of the colours , and to the placing of them vpon the worke .

The maner how to florish or Diaper with a pensil ouer siluer or Golde .

IF you wil diaper ouer gold , take yelow Oker , & therwith draw ouer thy gold with a pensil what thou wilt .

If thou wilt diaper vpon siluer , take Cerius with a pensil and draw or florish what thou wilt ouer thy siluer .

If thou wilt diaper with gold or siluer vpon coloures , take the iuyce of Garlike , with a pensel draw ouer thy colours what thou wilt , then take and lay the gold vpon it , and presse it downe lightly with an hares tayle , and let it dry halfe a day or more , then rub off the golde which cleaueth not to the garlike .

The wayes to know how to make sundrie kindes of colours by tempering and mingling of colours together .

IF you will temper Azure with Turnesoll , and grynde Purple or violet colour for armes . them together on a paynters stone with gumme water or glayre , you shall make thereof a perfite Purple or a violet colour . And the like colour you may make with good red Roset if it be mingled with Azure , & tempered with gumme water in maner aforesayd .

If thou wilt put to a good quantitie of synapour a little Sanguine or Murrey for arms . portion of black , and grind them together with glaire , you shall make thereof a sanguine or Murrye colour .

If you will mingle a bright red with a bright yellow ; Orenge tawny for armes . and grind them together with glayre , you shal haue therof an Orange tawny .

If thou mingle red lead and Masticot together , you shal Lyon tawny . haue thereof a Lyon tawney .

If you will make incarnations for visages , or a fleshly Incarnation & fleshly colour . colour for Images , first lay on the white , & enewe it with vermilion or else take two parts of Vermilion , and one of Cereuse , and mingle them together , and so laye it on thy worke , and enew it if thou wilt , when it is drye with good Vermelion .

Also if you wil mingle Vermelion with Cereuse , by discretion Peach colour . you may make thereof a peache flower colour .

Also by mingling Vermelion and azure together , by discretion , Skye colour . you may make thereof a skye colour .

If you wil make a blood red , take of the best Synapour Blood red . and sad it at the sides with Brown , or Vermelion , or with black .

If you mingle good greene and Saffron together , by Lincoln green . discretion you shal haue thereof a perfit Lyncolne greene .

If you mingle Azure and Masticot together , you shall haue thereof a perfite Popiniay greene . Popiniay greene .

If you mingle red with greene , you shal make thereof Motly greene . a Motly greene .

If you will make a blacke vesture , take and laye firste a champe of light black , mingled with white leade , & sadded Black vesture . with good black .

If you will mingle black with a portion of white , you Marble or ash coloure . may make thereof a Marble or an ashe colour at your discretion .

If you wil mingle a little portion of white with a good quantitie of red , you may make thereof a Russet , or a sadde Russet or sad browne . Browne , at your discretion .

Thus by mingling of colours , you may make them of sundry colours , and by proofe you may come to the perfite knowledge how to make them on the best maner .

¶ Note furthermore that there is a certayne colouring whiche is called Vernir that is more noble and excellent then all other colours . And so much the more excellent in that it is set aboue all colours . And as the day becommeth more light and brighter by the shining of the sonne , euen so al colours that are vernished do show forth a better glosse or iuster , and become more brighter by the shining of the same . And it is made in maner and forme following .

To make a kind of colouring called Vernix , wherewith you may vernish golde , siluer , or any other colour or payntings , be it vpon velim , paper , timber , stone , lead , copper , glasse . &c.

TAke Bengewin and braye it well betwixt two papers , thē put it into a viall , and poure vpon it good Aquauite that it bee aboue the Bengewyne three or foure fingers , and let it steepe so a day or two . Thē put to it for half a vyall of such Aquauite , fyue or sixe chyues of Saffron slenderly stamped . This done , strayne it , & with a pencel Vernish therwith any thing gylted , which will become bright and shining , drying it self immediately , & wil continue the brightnesse many yeares . But if you wil vernish on siluer , then take the Almon of Bengewyne , that is to say the white that is found in the middest of Bengewyne , and dresse it with Aquauite in the foresayd maner , leauing out the saffron . And the sayd vernishe made with Bengewine and Aquauite only , is very good to vernishe all thinges , as well paynted as not painted , for it maketh tables and coffers of walnut tree , & Hebeny to glister if it be layd vppon them , and all other like thinges , as workes of Iron , copper or tinne , gilted or not gylted , for it maketh brighte , preserueth , aydeth the colour , and dryeth incontinent without taking anye dust or filth ▪ you maye make it cleane with a linneth cloth , or with wiping the worke with a fox tayle , the which is better .

¶ To make Vernix another way for the purposes aforesayd .

Take two ounce of hard mastike and stampe it , & put it into a little new pot , and so melt it on a soft fyre , this done , put to it one ounce of the oyle of a Firre tree , and so lette them boyle a little euermore stirring them together , but let it boyle almost nothing , for if it boyle too muche the vernish will be too clammy , and to know when it is boyled ynough , put into it a hens fether , and if it burn by and by , it is a signe , that it is perfect . Then take it from the fire , and put it into a stone pot , & keepe it well from duste , and when you will occupy it , take so much thereof as wil serue your turne , and heate it a little at the fire , then spreade it vpon your worke with a pensill as thin as you may , and it shal haue a very fayre glosse or luster , and it will drye incontinent if you shal set it in the sonne .

To make colours of all kinde of mettals .

TAke a beade of Christall or a Paragon stone and beat ech of them by himself in a brasen morter to fyne pouder , then grynde them drye eche by himselfe on a paynters stone vntill the poulder bee verye fyne and small , then grynde them agayne on the same stone eche by himselfe with good glayre and laye some one of them on the worke with a pen or a pensill , and when it is well dryed , then rub it ouer with golde , or with any other mettal , and you shall haue the same colour that the mettall is of .

¶ To make letters of the colour of Gold without Golde .

TAke one ounce of Orpiment , & one ounce of fyne chrystall , and beat ech of them by himselfe to poulder in a brasen morter . Then grind them wel together with glair vpon a paynters stone , then it is perfite to write withall .

To make letters of the colour of siluer , without siluer .

TAke an ounce of Tinne , two ounces of quicksiluer , and melte them together , and then grinde them well vppon a paynters stone with gumme water , and write with it .

To make white letters in a black field .

TAke the yeolke of a new layde egge , and grynd it vpon a paynters stone with fayre water , so as you maye well write with it out of a penne , and when you haue so done , you may with the same liquor draw or write with a pen great or small letters vpon paper or parchment , and when they be drye , then may you with Inke blacke ouer the letters and paper so much as you shal think good . And when the blacke is through drye , then maye you with a white woollen cloth or a knyfe rub off all the sayd letters written with the yeolke of the egge , & then the letters vnderneath will appeare all white , because they were preserued with the sayd liquor : So that you shal haue faire white letters in a black fielde .

To make staunche grayne , or a poulder to amend the parchment , and to receyue ynke .

Take ii . parts of rosen , & i . part of Allome , and beat ech of them by himselfe in a brasen morter al to pouder , & put the same pouders together in a fine linnen cloth & rub your velim , parchment or paper therwith when you begin to write . And when the writing is drye , you may rub it ouer agayn with a white woollen cloth , and the letters will bee neuer the worse , but more fayrer and brighter to see to .

To renew old and worn letters .

Take of the best galles you can get and bruse thē grosly then lay them to steepe one day in good white wyne . This done , distill them with the wyne , & with the distilled water that commeth of thē , you shal wet handsomly the old letters with a little cotten or a smal pencel , & they wil shew fresh and new again , in such wise , as you may easily read them .

¶ To take grease out of parchment or paper .

Take sheeps burres and burne them to pouder , & lay the sayd pouder on both sides the parchment or paper between two paper boards , and presse them by the space of two days or more , and it will dry and soke out all the greace .

To make red and greene sealing wax .

MElt a li . of wax & two ounces of Turpentine together , and when they be well molten , take them from the fire , and put to them an ounce of Vermelion while it is luke warme , and stirre it wel together in the keeling , and then make it vp in roules , and in like manner shall you make greene waxe by putting Vertgrease into it . Note if you will take two parts of Rosin and one parte of turpentine , adding to it Vermelion , as is aforesayd , it maketh the better waxe .

A pretie deuise to take out the true forme and proportion of any letter , knot , Flower , Image , or other worke , be it printed , drawne with a pen or pencel vpon paper or parchement , without rasing , blotting or hurting the right patterne or picture it self .

Take oyle or other licours that make smoke and burne them in a lampe , then holde ouer the lampe a sheet of clean paper , and black as much of the same lightlye as will receaue the full proportion of the worke that you doe meane to take out , that done , lay the blacked paper vnder the backesyde of the worke , the blacked side vpwarde , laying a thin white paper betweene the worke and it : and with a small pencel made of hard wood or of bone you shal draw lightly ouer the letters , knot , or worke whiche you desire to take out , pressing it softly . Thus doing you shall see the verye fourme and proportion of the same work remaining on the thin white paper . Then with a small pen and ynke , you may trace & draw ouer the worke remaining on the white paper , that done , the ynke wil set out the very print & forme of the worke ( as farre as you touched the same with your pencel ) in euery proportion . You may also for the same purpose ( if neede be ) black ouer your paper with the ley of a candle or of a linke , or of a new torche , or such like whiche is a very ready way and a perfite .

¶ Another pretie deuise to take out the true form and proportion of any Flower , Image , or such like .

TAke a cleane and thinne lanterne horne , and laye it vppon the letter , Image , or other worke that thou wilt take out , and it will appeare through the horne , so as thou mayste drawe with a small penne vppon the horne all the proportion of the worke at thyne owne pleasure , euen as thou list . And when thou hast drawne it all out , then let it drye vpon the horne in the sunne , and when it is through drye , then breath vpon it twice or thrice , and then lay it downe vpon thy booke . And then presse it down , ( the letters being next the paper ) with a linnen cloth , and the same letters or worke shal remayne vpon the paper which thou didst draw vpon the horne , then draw it fayre agayne with blacke ynke .

¶ Here haue I taught you besides the tempering of gold , of siluer , and of colours ) diuers thinges very meete , & necessary to be known to paynters and scriueners . And now wil I rehearse briefely al that I haue written before touching limming . Firste draw thy worke with a pencill of blacke leade , and then with pen and ynke . Then laye thy syses for thy golde and siluer . Then ingrosse them with a sharpe knife , then weat them ouer lightlye with thy pencell , then being drye burnish it with a tooth . Then weate thy syze agayne lightly , then touch thy gold and lay theron . Then presse it lightly with an hares taile , then let it dry , then burnish it with a tooth , then rub it with a white woollen cloth or an hares foote vntill all go off , but that which cleaueth vnto the syse . Then lay thy colours : First thy false colours and after thy sad , then purfle them about the sides with black inke , then mayst thou diaper them ouer with white colour if thou wilt , then vernish them ouer with good old glayre , and then hast thou done all that belongeth to lymming .

Finished Anno Dom . 1573.