A Globe ( according to the definition of Mathematicians ) is a round Body , contained under one surface ; in the middle or Center whereof is a point , from whence all straight lines drawn to the circumference are alike equal .

THrough the Center of each Globe is drawn an Axis , like to that Axis which we imagine to be in the world ; whose ends extending themselves beyond the surface of the Globe in two opposite points , are called Poles ; of which one shews the North , call'd the Artick ; the other the South , and is call'd the Antartick Pole .

EVery Globe is hung or fastned in a brazen Circle ; whose two Poles be directly opposite to one another : and are placed in a straight line with the Eastern side of the Circle , the more commodiously to turn it about , without any sensible inclining either to the one or the other side of the Circle : and that side directly answering to the Axis and the Poles , cuts the Globe in two equal parts . This Circle is called Meridian , from Medidian , which is as much as medius dies ; or high noon because the Sun coming to this Circle , makes it Noon . It is divided into four Quadrants , and each of those into 90. deg . which on one side of the Axis are numbred from the Aequator to the Poles , by 10 , 20 , 30 , &c. to 90. on the other side from the Poles ; that the numbers of 90. meet in the middle between both Poles , to wit , in the Aequinoctial line .

EVery Globe with its brass Meridian is placed in a wooden frame , bearing up a wide wooden Circle , with four Banisters ; whose supreme Superficies is attributed to divers uses .

And here I must crave leave to digress from the Author , because the Horizons of those Globes he treateth of , differs from the Horizons of the English Globes ; and therefore I shall ( for the benefit of our own Country men ) insist particularly on them ; it being no detraction from the worth of the Author , since only the manner , and not the matter is altered : For as himself upon the same occasion saith , If we respect the use , it matters not much .

First , the outward Circle is divided into four equal parts , answering to the four corners of the World , East , West , North , South ; and each of these is subdivided into eight equal parts , so that the whole circumference is divided into 32. equal parts , which Mariners call the 32. points of the Compass .

Next to the utmost Circle , are set down the ancient Greek and Latine names of the Winds , which ( according to their account ) were but twelve in number .

Then follows in a wide Row , twelve unequal divisions ; in each division is the name of a Moneth in Capital letters ; which Moneths are divided into so many days , as Astronomers have allotted to each particular Moneth , and marked with Arithmetical figures , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , and so forwards , to the Moneths end ; before which figures stand the names of such Festival days , as are celebrated by the Church of Rome : so that the twelve Moneths are divided into three hundred sixty and five days , which is the number of days accounted to a common yeer , and this Row is called The Kalender of the new Style : The first seven letters of the Alphabet are inserted for distinction of the week-days , because of the diversity of the Dominical letter .

ABout each Pole a small Circle is fixed to the brazen Meridian , commonly called the Hour-Circle , which is likewise made of Brass , divided on its upper part in twenty four hours , according to the hours of the Natural Day ; and so placed that the two hours of 12. at noon and night , are just over the Eastern edge of the Meridian ; but the Center it self being the Axis of the world , hath a brazen Index fastned thereto , which pointeth to all the parts of the Hour-Circle , as oft as the Globe is turned round upon its one Poles in the Meridian ; and the Globe remaining without motion , it may most easily be applyed to any hour whatsoever .

THe Meridian that appears above the Horizon , contains twice ninety Degrees : If therefore you count upwards from the points of North and South where the Meridian and Horizon intersect each other ninety Degrees , the point of termination will be every way equi-distant from the Horizon , and answering to the point of Heaven directly over our heads , which is called by Astronomers ( by that Arabian word ) Zenith ; its opposite ( viz. ) that point of Heaven directly lying under our feet , placed every way equi-distant from the Horizon , is named Nadir : They are likewise called the Poles of the Horizon , because the Horizon at the distance of a Quadrant , may be described from them as from Poles .

TO the point Zenith is annexed a thin brazen Bow , fitted to a brass Nut , with a Scrue , to be removed as the alteration of Latitude may require ; whose Center is the Zenith : upon which Center it may be turned about , and applyed to all the parts of the Horizon : It is divided into ninety Degrees , to be numbred from the Horizon upwards , towards the Zenith ; It is vulgarly called the Vertical Circle , and the Quadrant of Altitude .

IN the Basis of the Globe on the South part under the Meridian , is somtime placed a Compass , serving to direct the Globe toward the four Cardinal points of the world ; so that the Horizon of the Globe may agree with the Horizon of the world , and the Meridian to Meridian ; and the rest of the Circles on the Globe , to those imagined in the Heaven .

ABout both the Globes , as well the Celestial as Terrestrial , is drawn a great Circle , in the middle , distant from both Poles the space of a Quadrant : In the Celestial Globe it is called the Aequinoctial Circle , by the Greek {αβγδ} , as much as Aequidialis ; because we observe , when the Sun comes to this Circle , the days and nights are equal throughout the whole world ; and for this cause , ( and its equalizing all apparent irregular motion ) it is called Aequator ; and is divided ( as all other Circles are ) into three hundred and sixty Degrees .

AS the Poles of the world are distant from the Aequinoctial every way ninety Degrees , and are therefore called the Poles of the Aequator ; so the two Poles of the Ecliptick are distant from it as much ; namely , on every side , a Quadrant of a Circle ; one of which is as far distant from the North Pole , and the other from the South , as is the greatest Declination of the Ecliptick from the Aequinoctial , viz. twenty three degrees , thirty one minutes : that toward the North , is called the North ; that towards the South , the South Pole of the Ecliptick ; from one of the said Poles to the other , there is a streight line imagined to pass through the plain of the Ecliptick at right angles , as the Axis of the World through the plain of the Aequinoctial , and is called the Axis of the Ecliptick or Zodiack .

OF the two points of intersection where the Ecliptick and Aequinoctial cut each other , one is called the Spring Vernal , the other the Autumnal Aequinox ; but of the two points of the Ecliptick , the farthest distant from the Aequator towards the North , is called the Summer Solstice : the Southern is called the Winter Solstice ; because the Sun when it comes to these points , seems to stand , and ceases declining from the Aequator to either Pole of the World . The Ecliptick is divided into twelve equal parts , which are called the 12. Signes , or 12. Houses , and have their names from their Neighbouring Constellations .

They begin at the Vernal Aequinox , and tend from the West , into the East ; expressed by these names and Characters in the Globe .

Aries , Taurus , Gemini , Cancer , Leo , ♈ ♉ ♊ ♋ ♌ Virgo , Libra , Scorpio , Sagittarius , ♍ ♎ ♏ ♐ Capricornus , Aquarius , Pisces . ♑ ♒ ♓

The three first Signes ♈ , ♉ , ♊ , begin at the Vernal Aequinox , and ascend from the Aequinoctial Northwards , even to the Summer Solstice .

The three following , ♋ , ♌ , ♍ , begin at Cancer , and descend again to the Aequinoctial , even to the Autumnal Aequinox .

The three next , ♎ , ♏ , ♐ , begin at Libra , and descend into the South , even to the Winter Solstice .

The three last , ♑ , ♒ , ♓ , begin at Capricorn , and tend again to the Aequator , and end in the Vernal Aequinox , or beginning of ♈ .

IN the Celestial Globe are described twelve Semi-circles , from one Pole of the Zodiack to the other , passing through the beginning of all the 12. Signes , and make six great Circles . The first passeth through the Head of ♈ , & ♎ , and sheweth the beginning of the Longitude of those Signes . The second through the head of ♉ and ♏ ; and so of all the rest ; dividing the surface of the Globe into twelve equal parts , which are widest in the Ecliptick , and do lessen by little and little , as they approach toward the Poles of the Zodiack , and at length wholly terminate therein . The entire Superficies of any of these parts , derives its name from the Signe comprehended in the Ecliptick , between each Semi-circle : as for example : The Superficies lying between the two Semi-circles , drawn through the beginning of Aries and Taurus , comprehending the Signe of Aries in the Ecliptick , is also called the Signe of Aries ; and all the Stars and Planets , and other Points of Heaven , between those two Semi-circles on both sides of the Ecliptick to the Poles , are said to be in Aries , and so of the rest .

TWo great Circles ( called Colures ) do intersect one anothers right Angles in the Poles of the World ; one called the Aequinoctial Colure , passeth through the Heads of Aries and Libra ; the other , called the Solstitial Colure , through the Head of Cancer and Capricorn ; and each Pole of the Zodiack , and by this means divide the Ecliptick into four equal Parts or Quadrants , called by the four Cardinal points of Aries , Cancer , Libra , Capricorn : through which when the Sun passeth in its Annual Motion , it makes the variation of the seasons of the year ; as Spring , Summer , Autumne , Winter : and the Aequator , and all its parallel Circles , do the Colures divide into four Quadrants , because they pass through their Poles .

THe Tropicks are two lesser Circles , parallel to the Aequator , the one receding from it to the North , the other to the South , so far as the Ecliptick is distant from the Aequator , which is 23. Degrees , 31. Minutes ; dividing the Globe into two unequal parts .

They are described ( by the daylie Motion of the Heaven ) by the points of the extreme digression of the Ecliptick from the Aequator , in the beginning of Cancer in the North , and Capricorn in the South . The Boreal is called the Tropick of Cancer ; the Austral the Tropick of Capricorn ; because the Sun being come to these Circles , beginneth its ( {αβγδ} , that is ) conversion toward the Aequinoctial .

Of the same distance from the Poles of the world ( as are the Tropicks from the Aequinoctial ) there are two lesser Circles , called Polar circles ; which are described by the Diurnal Revolution of the Poles of the Ecliptick .

That which is drawn about the Boreal Pole , is called the Arctick Circle , {αβγδ} , from the Bear , a Neighbour Star ; the other about the Austral Pole , is called Antarctick , as being opposite to the Arctick .

SOmtime a Brazen Semi-circle is affixed to the Celestial Globe , in the common intersections of the Meridian and Horizon to the North and South , in that manner that about their extremities upon two Poles , it is moveable as well from the Oriental as Occidental part of the Globe , and may be turned upward and downward , as need requires ; from the Horizon to the Meridian , and from the Meridian to the Horizon . This Semi-circle doth refer ( being constituted for a certain Elevation ) to the beginnings of the twelve Celestial Houses , which the Astrologers use to distinguish by six Circles of Positions , as is evident among them .

AS in the Celestial Globe , in the middle between the two Poles , is drawn the Aequinoctial Circle ; so in the Terrestrial Globe is drawn a great Circle between the Boreal and Austral Poles , dividing the Sphere of the Earth into two Hemispheres , the Northern and Southern ; which Stevinus calls Mediatorem , or Emmesocyclum , but we the Terrestrial Aequator .

This Circle was distinguished by another name from the Celestial Aequinox , being manifestly different therefrom , in that it remains under it immoveable , the other being turned about with the Heaven in twenty four hours ; so that the beginning of one , meets with the beginning of the other but once within that time , as in the use appears : But because the word Emmesocycle , or Mediator , is not so usual as aequator , we give the same to the Terrestrial as to the Celestial , with this difference only calling it the Terrestrial aequator .

THe aequator ( as other Circles ) is divided into 360. Degrees ; through every Degree ( either in deed , or in imagination ) is drawn a Semi-circle , which tends from one Pole to the other . These Circles are called Meridians , or Circles of Longitude in the earth ; from both sides of the Aequator parallel with it , are drawn ( either in truth or imagination ) 90. Circles , distant from one another the space of one Degree , even to the Poles , called Parallels , or Equi-distants , or Circles of Latitude : But lest the places of Cities or Regions should be much obscured in the Globe , we ordinarily describe both the Meridians and Parallels by the decades of Degrees in the Aequator or Meridian .

THough the Ecliptick , Tropicks , Arctick , and Antarctick Circles , do properly belong to the Celestial Globe , yet they are usually drawn in the Terrestrial Globe ; because they are not a little profitable to our Understanding :

GEographers , that they might express Regions , Islands , and Seas in their proper scite and proportion , have divided them by a certain measure into length and bredth .

ANcient Geographers divided the Globe of the Earth into Zones , Climates , and Parallels ; as the Heaven is divided by four Circles ( the Tropick of Cancer and Capricorn , the Arctick and Antarctick Circles ) into five parts ; so the Globe of the Earth by the same Circles ( subject to the Heavenly , and Analogical in every part ) have they divided into five portions , which they termed Zones , or Girdles .

ACcording to the various increasments of the longest Day , the Ancients have divided the Earth from the Aequator towards the North and South into Climates and Parallels : They call that space of Earth a Climate , that is comprehended in two Circles parallel to the Aequator ; so that from one to the other , the length of the greatest day may increase half an hour . Those they call Parallels , among which the longest day is increased a quarter of an hour ; so that every Climate comprehends in it two Parallels . From both sides of the Aequator they number seven Climates , and denominate them from the most famous City , River , Island , or Mountain through which the middle Parallel of the Climate is drawn . The first Boreal is extended through Meroes , an Island of Nile , and is called {αβγδ} . The second through Siene , a City of Egypt ; and is called {αβγδ} . The third through Alexandria , the Metropolis of Egypt ; called {αβγδ} . The fourth through Rhodes , an Island of the Mediterranean ; called {αβγδ} . The fift through Rome ; called {αβγδ} . The sixt through Boristhenes , a River of Sarmatia ; called {αβγδ} . The seventh through the Riphean Mountains of Sarmatia ; called {αβγδ} . Those Climates which are as much on the other side of the Aequator toward the South , are expressed by the same names , with the addition of this word {αβγδ} , contra ; as {αβγδ} , &c.

Some to these seven add two more , some again add five , and modern Geographers extend them to twenty three . Some conceive this kind of division to be useless ; first , Because of that great inequality which they have among themselves . The first comprehending in its latitude 127. leagues . The ninth about 34. leagues . The last ▪ which is the 23d , scarce one . Secondly , because the Longitude of the greatest days , are as soon found as the number of Climates . But if the Terrestrial Globe be at all divided into Climates , it may be done in a greater equality , by dividing each Hemisphere of the Earth on both sides of the Aequator into nine Climates of equal Latitude among themselves , by every decade of the Degrees of the Meridian , in this manner : The first Boreal Climate will begin at the Aequator , and end in the latitude of 10. degrees , and may be called Ethiopicum , because it transites the middle of Ethiopia ; the second will end in the latitude of 20. degrees and is called Arabicum ; because it contains a great part of Arabia foelix : the third in the latitude of 30. degrees called Egyptiacum : the fourth in the latitude of 40. degrees called Syriacum : the fift extends to the 50. degree , called Gallicum , or Italicum : the sixt , to the 60. degree , called Germanicum , or Britannicum : the seventh to the 70. degree , called Suecicum ; the eighth to the 80. degree called Glaciale Boreum : the ninth even to the Pole , called Boreal , or Polare Boreum ; and seven of these are habitable , the other two inhabitable ; The Parallels proceed in the same manner , the number being duplicated , from the other side of the Equator , there will be made the like partition of the Climates ; The first will begin at the Equator , and end in the Austral latitude of 10. degrees , and may be named Brasilianum , because sailing begond the Equator , to the West , Brasile is the first principal place ; and is for the most part scituate under this climate : The second is named Peruanum , from the region of Peru , which it comprehends ; extending in latitude to 20. degrees . The third is called Paragua●cum , from that Region , extending to the latitude of 30. degrees . The fourth to the 40. degree Chiliacum , from the Kingdom of Chile . The fift to the 50. degree of latitude , Silvestre , because this tract of America is inhabited by wild and savage men : The sixt to the 60. degree Magellanicum : The seventh to the 70. degree Incognitum : The eighth to the 80. degree , Glaciale Austrinum : The ninth to the Pole , Polare Austrinum .