I. For the first of these , namely , The Distinction of Musick . the proof of this Question in the Affirmative by good Arguments , before we engage therein , it is necessary to give the Distinction , and various sorts thereof ; and thus Musick is twofold .

1o Vocal , Which is singing with the voice . 2o Instrumental , Which is by playing on Musical Instruments . Both these are 1o Private , and this two wayes . 1o Most Private , When one sings with the voice , or playes on Musical Instruments solitarily , and by himself , to God , or himself , or both . 2o Less Private , When Singing , or Playing on Musical Instruments , or both , are used by or with a few in Private , to God , or themselves , or both . 2o Publick , When either of these , or both , are used in a Publick Assemblies , to God , or themselves , or both .

All these again are of two sorts .

1o Profane , When humane Songs or Poems , are sung or played ; and this again , is 1o Lawful , When Civil , Moral , or Historical Songs or Poems , void of Obscaenity , and Uncleanness , &c. are sung , or played , or both , at Feasts , Triumphs , Shows , &c. 2o Unlawful , When Wicked , Prophane , Idle , Unclean , and Obscaen Songs or Ballads , fraught with Ribauldry , are sung or played any where . 2o Sacred , When Psalms , Hymns , or Spiritual Songs , are sung to , or played on Musical Instruments , or both .

The state of the Question . Profane Musick , though allowed to be lawful , is excluded from consideration , in this Querie or Question , by this expression therein , In Holy Publick Assemblies . Therefore the enquiry here to be made , is only concerning Sacred Musick ; and therein whether or no that Musick wherein Psalms , Hymns , and Spiritual Songs , sung with Vocal , or played on Instrumental Musick , be to be allowed , and practised in Divine Service . Concerning the former of these , namely , Vocal Church-Musick , such as they have made to themselvs , that is received without quarrel , by them of more sound Principles , but here we are bound out , from intermedling with that , by this Distinction ; Instrumental and Organical Musick whereby Psalms , Hymns , &c. are Sung , or Played , or both , on Musical Instruments , in holy Publick Assemblies , which though it is Allowabl , Profitabl , and Lawful , yet in the Church of God , ( especially in these latter times , ) it hath met with too much enmity , distast , contempt , and contest against it ; and therefore out of mine endeared affection to truth , mine ardent desire , and utmost endeavour , after Unity , Peace , and Concord , in the whole Church of God , but especially in these Nations wherein we liv ; I shall labour to take off that calumny , and obloquy which is cast upon it , by these eight ensuing ( to me irrefragably ) Arguments , which becaus in their prosecution , they are swell'd up to a far larger bulk , than I either expected , or desired , I will first sum up in as much brevity as may be , and they are these .

The Arguments epitomized . 1 Psalter , or book of Psalms , takes name from that Musical Instrument , on which they were made and composed to be played , and therefore the playing them thereon , is a chief subordinate end , wherefore they were made . 2o Instrumental Musick is one of Gods gifts , who exspects in som measure , a thankful and specifical return , from us for all his bestowments . 3o It hath been practised by the best of men . 4o It is required from us by the Analogy of Faith . 5o It hath been the constant allowance , or practice of the Church . 6o It is of an Holy and Sacred Use . 7o It tends to the use of edifying . 8o It is commanded both in the Old and the New Testament .

The first Argument shall be made good , in what follows ; where it is to be noted , that the Book of Psalms , hath ever been so far from denyal in the Church of God ; that it hath been received with more applaus , and cordial reception ; then any other book of God : and is highly had in honour by our ever blessed Saviour himself , and his holy Apostles : And is called Psalter , from Psalterium , a Psaltery , which was a certain Musical Instrument , which in the Hebrew is called {αβγδ} Nablium , Buxtorf saith the German Jews , expound it to be the Bandora . Saint Hilary saith it was our Organs . The Greeks call it {αβγδ} , Mr. Gregory & Pasor . Constantin . whence comes the Latine Psalterium , and our English words Psaltery , and Psalter . It comes from the Greek word {αβγδ} , which signifies to touch , as Musitians do their strings . Some say it is to play upon the Harp , and that it is properly spoken of the sound made by the strings of Musical Instruments . The Greek Poets use it for to touch , and therefore the Musitians in Euripides are said {αβγδ} , To touch the strings . And {αβγδ} signifieth the tune of strings . This Instrument ( whence this Holy Book is thus named ) the Latines call it Naula , or Naulium , from the Hebrew word {αβγδ} and our Dictionaries say , it is an Instrument like an Harp , but more pleasant , wherewith Psalms , and Hymns are sung in playing . And the Gloss saith hereof ; Ab illo autem Instrumento ad literam nominatur ideo liber iste , quia ad sonum illius instrumenti David decantabat Psalmos ante Arcam in Tabernaculo Domini . But therefore is that book , literally named from that Instrument , because David sung Psalms unto that Instrument , before the Ark in the Tabernacle of the LORD . It is also granted by Chytraeus , that David sung Psalms to his Psaltery . Chytr . Scholia . in Psal . 33. Psalterium ( saith he ) ad quod Propheta Regius hymnos suos decantabat . The Psaltery unto which the Kingly Prophet sung his Hymns . And the word {αβγδ} , ( derived from the now treated of {αβγδ} , ) properly signifieth the sound of the Harp , saith one : Yet so as it is indifferently used for Cantus a Song , or Cantio Singing . According to Athenaeus , {αβγδ} signifieth the sound of Musical Instruments , or a Poem sung thereunto . For the Antient Poets , especially the Lyricks , such as was David , sung their Poems to the Lyre or Harp , and so joyned Vocal , and Instrumental Musick together ; and therefore saith Horace , Non ante vulgatas per artes , Verba loquor socianda chordis . Od. 9. Lib . 4. With Art unpractised , by those fore-went , I 've made with Chords , measured words consent .

All this laid together , and considering that Moses , and Miriam ; Saul , and the Prophets used Psalteries , and other Musical Instruments , it confutes the opinion of Zanchy in this case , Zanchaeus . Tom . 4. Col. 570. To be very warily understood . who saith , Est tamen Musica ad verbum Dei : Non verbum ad Musicam ordinatum : Musick nevertheless is appointed for the Word of God , but not the Word for Musick : Whereas in this sense it is true vice versa , though it be literally true also in another . Hence therefore we conclude it to be an undenyabl truth , that it is a very mudabl , and warrantabl practice in the Church of God , To sing the Book of Psalms , Hymns , or Spiritual Songs , with Organical and Instrumental Musick , because this is one of the chief and main subordinate ends , wherefore they were made . And that therefore , upon these and better grounds ; the Church of God was never in a peaceabl , and settled condition , or brought to any measure of strength , Sydenham his well-tuned Cymball . p. 24. and stability , but she hath used Instrumental Musick , joyned with Vocal ; in her solemn Assemblies and Services . See Sydenham his well-tuned Cymbal , p. 24.

The second Argument is this , None can deny lawful and warrantabl Musick to be the gift of God , and a good gift too , sent from him . For the Apostle saith , But every good gift cometh down from the Father of lights , with whom is no variableness , neither shaddow of turning , Jam . 1.17 . Jam . 1.17 . If every good gift , then Musick , as is confest by Saint Augustine ; Musica , id est , Aug. Tom . 2. Col. 103. c . scientia sensusve benè modulandi , ad admonitionem magnae rei , etiam mortalibus , rationales habentibus animas Dei largitate concessa est . Musick , that is , the knowledge or sens of well-tuning , unto the Admonition of a great Matter , is also by Gods bounty granted to men having reasonabl souls . When God was about to settle his Church in the Old Testament , he appoints the building of a Tabernacl , and for that purpose , pick't out Bazaliel and Aholiab , with all that were wise-hearted , and furnished them with his own Spirit , in wisdom ; and in understanding , and in knowledg , and in all manner of workmanship , to devise cunning works , to work in gold , and in silver , and in Brass , &c. Exod . 31.1 — 12. Exod . 31.1 — 12. Certainly , had not God accounted it for a foul dishonour to him , ●nd to his Worship , to have had the work of a Momentary , and Typical Tabernacl , finished in a cours , homely , and ordinary manner ; he would never have furnished , nay filled the Mechanical workmen thereof , with his own spirit , in wisdom , &c. Jun. & Tremel . in Loc . Divinis donis , with divine gifts . Now then if God be honoured by Masons , Carpenters , Smiths , &c. in the well and exact performances of their Handicrafts : How much more , are He ? his Hous ? his Service ? his Ordinance ? his Worship ? yea his People ? honoured by Musick , but especially Instrumental , which is far more honourabl , then the issue of any mechanick workmanship ; nay heavenly in comparison thereof . And if Honour ; and Service be done unto God in Stones , Timber , Gold , Silver , and Brass ; how much more with an Harmonious , Curious , and Musical Air ? which is a far more noble , and especial gift and endowment . Moreover , questionless , doing this in the building of the first Tabernacl , he gave much more Assistance , and measure of his Spirit , in Song , and Musick ; unto David , Heman , Asaph , and the sons of Merari , 1 Chron . 15.16 . &c. 1. Chron . 15. v. 16 , &c. about 445. years after . When they were to prais and to magnifie the great and glorious name of our God , in those set and solemn Songs and Services , upon those Musical Instruments , which doubtless he had enabled David to find out , for such pious and religious use . But yet higher , here we see , When God was first served in a Temporary Tabernacl , then he contents himself with the honour of cunning , and curiosity , in the workmanship thereof ; but when his Worship , and Service did but approach unto a Templ : then must it be improved , and enlarged , by Musick both Vocal and Instrumental , and that also with the greatest Art , Skill and Cunning , which at that time , the choicest , and ablest of his servants were able to invent , make , or use ; which Instruments , though they were so wonderfully , and in an extraordinary manner contrived , and practised , upon so great and religious a design ; yet now are the most of them , and their use lost together . And since the coming of our Saviour , there are invented other Instruments of Musick , far more solid , grave , reverend , and advantagious , for the solemn praising of God , and the use of edifying , in the judgement of pious , judicious , and learned men ; as is exprest by Polydore Virgil , Polydor . Virgil . de ●●vent . rer . lib . 3. cap . 18. who saith thus , Multa insuper novissimis temporibus instrumenta Musica inventa sunt , quorum auctores jam in oblivionem venerunt : ex quibus propter suavitatem concentus , omni & admiratione , & laude digna sunt illa ; quae Organa nuncupant , valde quidem ab illis dissimilia , quae David Judaeorum rex , ut in 1. hujus operis volumine memoravimus , fecerat , quibus Levitae sacros hymnos concinerent sicut nos his pariter canimus . Item alia id genus sunt , quae Monochordia , clavicymbala varieque nominantur : eorum tamen aequè inventores magno quidem suae gloriae damno , in nocte densissimâ delitescunt . Moreover there are many Musical Instruments , found out in these last times , which are called Organs , the Authors whereof are lost ; from which ( for the sweetness of tune ) they deserv all admiration , and prais , much truly unlike those which David King of the Jews made , as we have related in the first book of this work , whereon the Levites sung Hymns , as we in like manner now use on these . Also there are others of that kind , which are named Monochords , clavicymbals , and several others . Their Inventours nevertheless , to the great loss of their glory ly equally hidden in the thickest night of oblivion . The same Author in another place , saith thus , Hinc perspicere licet , Ibid . lib . 1. cap . 15. istiusmodi Organa à Davide confecta diversa fuisse à nostris , quorum nunc usus in Templis est perquam frequens : quando illa plectro pulsabantur , nostra vero inflantur follibus , unde multis meatibus quasi cicutis imparibus vox erumpit , concentumque efficit , &c. — At author nostri Organi tam concinni non proditur , cum magnâ ejus nominis jactura , &c. Hence we may see , those kind of Organs made by David , were different from ours , whereof now there is much use in Churches ; because those were struck with a quill , but ours are blown with bellows : Whence a noise or sound breaks out , through uneven pipes , and makes a sweet tune , &c. — But the author of our so sweet an Organ is not known , through the great loss of his name , &c. All these lay'd together , and sum'd up , amount to this Observation : That considering God never givs gifts , but to the end that he may be glorified therein , and thereby ; and that under the New Testament , he hath greatly advanced , and much improved the liberal Art of Musick , whereby to prais , and magnifie his great , and glorious name , for all his wonderous mercies , and gracious goodness , continually showr'd down upon us , especially in his Son our Saviour Christ Jesus . Moreover God never bestows his gifts , of what kind soever , but for himself , as the Apostle saith , For of him , and through him , and to him are all things , to whom be glory for ever , Amen , Rom. 11.36 . Rom. 11.36 . Nothing therefore comes from God , but he expects fom return thereof , as was showed in the Giving of him the first-born , first-fruits , and now Sanctification , Worship , and Service . Therefore a soul truly devout , indued with Gratitude , and Thankfulness , ever upon the receit of any enjoyment , some way or other , makes a return thereof . The sens , and apprehension of this , compells me here to confess , that upon the sight , or Remembrance of a certain piece of needlwork , yet remaining in the Templ Church , London , I judg , and condemn my self , and the generality of these times , and Nations , as deeply guilty of a great measure of ingratitude and unthankfulness towards our most Gracious God and Saviour : In that a young maid , one of the weaker sex , which when it is in the most Honourabl estate , the Law of our Land makes under covert Baron : And that she alone , should so far out-strip us , in leaving a monument of her Piety and Devotion , by giving , and consecrating the first fruits of her needl , unto the Honour of our Redeemer . This Remainder of Religious Gratitude , was thankfully and devoutly returned to God about 48. years since : and it is thus , That her curious Handiwork is enclosed in a very fair handsom wooden frame , within which about the needl work , are writ the first words of the 115. Psalm , in Latin , and in fair capital Letters , Non nobis , Domine , non nobis , sed nomini tuo sit Gloria . Not unto us , Lord , not unto us , but to thy name be the Glory . And in the middl of the lower side thereof is the very style , and form of words of her consecration thereof . Gloriae Dei Opt. Max. acûs suae primitias , coeli solique adumbrantes Gloriam , Dimissimè dedicat consecratque Maria Marston . A. D. 1612. Mary Marston most humbly givs and consecrates , the first fruits of her needl , shaddowing out the glory of Heaven , and Earth , to the Glory of God Almighty . By which act of hers she shows , what duty of thankful , and specifical returns in and for all things we ow unto God ; and if in all , then in this of Instrumental Musick , whereby he is more then honoured , praised and magnified . In this case the Heathens were able to say thus much ; {αβγδ} , Plutarch . {αβγδ} , For to prais the gods , which to us alone hath given articulate voice , I account it a godly thing , and first of all agreeabl to man .

In a word , to explode , or exclude Instrumental Musick , from the service and Worship of God ; is to caus the Church , to hide a Talent , which God hath given her , whereby to praise , magnifie , honour , and glorifie him , which to do , of how sad , and dangerous a consequence it is , see Matth . 25 . 24.-30 . Mat . 25 . 24-30 .

The third Argument is this ; It hath ever been practised by good men , yea long before Vocal Musick . For to deny good men to have praised God without any Musick at all for about the space of 2450. years , ( which was the time of the children of Israels passage through the red Sea ) is very absurd , whereas Instrumental Musick , at that time , was of about 1850. years standing ; Wherefore the strongest and fairest probability , and conjecture is ; that good men , all that term of time , praised God only with Instrumental Musick , or none : For the Heathens spent much oyl and many precious hours , with the best of their abilities to make enquiry , whereby to find out , who were the first Authors of Musick , which when they had done , they were unable to determin ; For the highest that therein they were able to reach , was that Amphion King of Thebes was the first Inventor thereof . {αβγδ} . Plutarch . {αβγδ} . Heraclides , in that Book wherein he hath collected antient Musitians , and the first Inventours of that Art , saith Prince Amphion the son of Jupiter , and Antiope , first found out the use of the Harp . Which was about A. M. 2620. abov 170. years after the first news of singing , which was by Moses , and the children of Israel , immediatly after their recovery out of the Land of Aegypt , since which time , that it hath been practised by good men , is evident , from Moses , Miriam , Jephte's daughter , the Prophets , David , Solomon , &c. That Instrumental Musick , is so much elder sister to Vocal : Instrumental Musick elder sister unto Vocal . I thus prov , Jubal was the Father of all such as handl the Harp , and Organ , Gen. 4.21 . Gen. 4.21 . which the Septuagint read thus , {αβγδ} . He was the Inventour of the Psaltery , and the Harp . Both which , but especially the former , was designed , and intended for sacred use , from their first creation . And in this text , there is not so much as a hint of singing , but a clear expression for playing on Musical Instruments , wherein our last Translators , by rendring it handl the Harp and Organ , follow Junius and Tremelius ; the latter whereof was a convert nativ Jew , bred up with them , and therefore had skill in the propriety of that language , and their sens in the exposition of the sacred Text ; Their translation thereof is this , Auctor fuit omnium tractantium citharam , &c. Junius & Tremelius in locum . " He was the Tutor of all those that handl the Harp ; &c. " Whereupon they note , that according to the Hebrew it is omnis prehendentis citharam , i.e. pulsantis , of every man that takes hold of , that is , strikes upon the Harp , &c. Therefore saith Peter Comestor , Pet . Comest . Hist . in Gen. cap . 28. Inventor fuit Musicae , id est consonantiarum , He was the Inventour of Musick , that is Harmony , the agreeing of sounds . Wherefore the Geneva in their Translation hit it right , who read it thus , He was the Father of all such as play upon the Harp , and the Organ ; much better then the vulgar , which givs it thus , ipse fuit pater canentium citharâ , & Organo . He was the Father of them which sing with the Harp and the Organ ; by which word canentium we must understand playing , because it is Citharâ , & Organo , with the Harp and Organ , not ad Citharam , & Organon , unto the Harp and Organ ; neither is there any footing at all for canentium from {αβγδ} of every one that handls the Harp , or Organ . Nor from {αβγδ} he found out , what Peter Comestor saith a littl after ; Ibidem . ut labor Pastoralis in delicias verteretur , Jubal invented Instrumental Musick for holy use . " That the Shepherds labour might be turned into delight ; " which I utterly deny for these two reasons .

1o Becaus as hath been already observed , The Psaltery was ever of holy use .

2o Doubtless God for his own glory , which must be by a praising him therewith , put it into his heart to have an especial care , for the preservation of the whole Art of Musick . For he himself saith in the words immediately following : Et quum audierat Adam prophetasse , de duobus Judiciis : ne periret ars inventa , Ibidem . scripsit eam in duabus columnis , in qualibus totam : ut dicit Josephus , una marmorea : altera latericia . Quarum altera non dilueretur diluvio : altera non solveretur incendio . Marmoream dicit Josephus esse in terrâ Syrica . And sith he had heard Adam prophesie of two Judgements ; least the invented Art should perish , he writ it in two pillars , all in each ; as saith Josephus , one Marbl , the other Brick ; the one whereof could not be destroyed by the flood , nor the other dissolved by burning . Josephus saith the Marbl one is in Syria . Which relation , I must confess , I should second with no more credit , then a Rabinical conceit , had it not been put under the name of Josephus , whom in such a case as this , I believ next to Scripture , from whose judgement and authority joyned to the reasons , and authorities aforesaid , I conclude , Instrumental Musick hath been used by good men ever since it came into the world . What material objection may be made herein , shall be answered in its due place .

The fourth Argument is from the Analogy of Faith , from this text , 1 Cor . 14.40 . Zanch . Tom . 4. Col. 569. 1 Cor . 14.40 . Let all things be don decently and in oder . Zanchy concludes thus , Facile est intelligere , qualis etiam debet esse Musica in Ecclesiâ Christi , & in caetibus Ecclesiasticis , talis nimirum quae decorum habeat , ordinem , & aedificationem ; est enim ad hoc inventa , & instituta . It is easie to understand , what Musick ought to be in the Church of Christ , and in Ecclesiastical Assemblies ; namely such as may have a decorum , order , and edification ; for hereunto was it invented , and instituted . Here is an express Analogy of faith requires it ; but more plainly , They in the Old Testament , made their solemn praises with Musick Vocal , and Instrumental , for temporal deliverances , as , the bringing the children of Israel out of Aegypt , their passage through the red Sea , their protection in the Wilderness , their arrival in Canaan , their injoyment of Typical Ordinances , as a Levitical Priesthood . The Tabernacl , the Templ , the Ark , the Altar , Return from captivity . Their deliverance from their enemies , and at the utmost their receiving of Spiritual promises . Whereas we under the New Testament , have received infinite greater deliverances which are Spiritual , as in that we are delivered from the Egyptian slavery , bondage , and darkness of Heathenism , Superstition , and Idolatry ; we receive nourishment , and protection in the midst of a crooked and perverse Generation ; we are made lively members of Christs Mystical body . Our enjoyment of Evangelical Priviledges , and Ordinances , as an Evangelical Priesthood ; The righteousness of Christ imputed unto us by Faith . The Word , and Sacramens , and our continual deliverances , not only from our enemies temporal , but also spiritual . Whereby we attain unto fruition of the greatest Promises that ever were made to men ; and therefore both of them , and us , the Author of the Epistle to the Hebrews saith thus , And these also , Heb . 11.39 , 40. that is those under the Old Testament , having obtained a good report through Faith , received not the promise : God having provided som better things for us , under the New Testament , that they without us should not be made perfect , Heb . 11.39 , 40. Therefore it is a very good Argument , à minori ad majus , that it is our duty , under the Gospel , to prais , and magnifie the name of our great , and gracious God , in Psalms , Hymns , and Spiritual Songs , on Musical Instruments .

The fift Argument is from the constant allowance , or practice of the Church , which manner of worship , that it commenc't , about the year of the world 600. by Jubal who was great Grandchild to Irad , Cains Grandchild , the seventh from Adam . After which time it was the only Musical service of God , unto about the year of the world 2450. when it admitted Vocal Musick , as an assistant , with whom it continued in but a mean estate , for the space of about 444. years , till it was much improved , and enlarged by David , 2 Sam . 6. 2 Sam . 6. as hath been said , since which time it hath continued in the Church till this , which is about 2760. years , without intermission , except for the space of an hundred years and upwards , after the Resurrection of our Saviour ; during which time we find no noise of instrumental Musick , but only Vocal ; as is confest by all men of moderation , and unbyassed principles ; and great reason there is , why it should be so , For , for the space of three hundred years , and upwards , she was either young , and but in planting , or rent , and torn , with intestin , and unnatural broils , and dissensions : or cruelly opprest with some of the ten Persecutions , which were times , for the hanging of their Harps upon the willows , as they sate by the rivers of confusion , rather than to sing the songs of Sion , upon Musical Instruments , in so strange a world ; which is nothing but what our Saviour had foretold , when he said , The daies will come , when the Bridegroom shall be taken from them , and then shall they fast , Mat . 9 15.

Yet nevertheless , though during the said time of minority and sufferings , she was hurried , and harrowed by extremity of weakness , or cruelty , or both ; yet did she begin to recover her head about the year of our Lord 150. Justin . Martyr flourished A. D. 150. For Justin Martyr , who was first a great Philosopher , and after that a glorious convert unto the Christian faith , a zealous lover , a great worshipper of Christ Jesus , famous about the year of our Lord 150. gives his sense in allowance hereof , as it is in the answer unto the eighth Objection in this Exercitation .

Clemens Alexand . Poedag . lib . 2. cap . 4. He flourished about A. D. 200. About An. Dom . 200. Clemens Alexandrinus Presbyter flourished ; he was famous for devotion and learning ; yet in his directions for Feasting he saith thus upon Col. 3.16 . {αβγδ} . Let the Word of Christ dwell in you richly , in all wisdom , teaching , and admonishing one another ; in Psalms , and Hymns , and Spiritual songs . This is our pleasant , and gratious Feast . And if thou knowest how to sing to the Lyre or Harp , there is no reproof against thee : Therein thou shalt imitate the righteous Hebrew King who was acceptable to God . And somewhat after thus ; For modest and shamefac't Musical consorts , are to be admitted of ; on the other hand , soft , and effeminate Musical Consorts , are to be far driven away from our solid , and serious thoughts ; for they tend to an occasion of leading a delicate , and idle life ; but they are thankworthy which belong unto temperance . Wherein there is a fair allowance of Musical Instruments in the Church ; for if David be imitated in playing harmless and innocent Ditties at Feasts , it is only in the Musick , not in the Ditty , being prophane , which is disallowed in the Church , for we never heard of his playing but of Psalms or Hymns in the Church of God , ante Arcam before the Ark , as before . Again , if Moral civil songs plaid upon Instruments tend to temperance , how much more do Psalms , Hymns , and Spiritual songs , so plaid , tend to Devotion , and edification !

Moreover this Father here layes before us an abuse of Musick , which he labours to redress , endeavouring to take away the abuse thereof , not the use .

St. Cyprian was a man of great learning , and a most holy life , who before his conversion , Cyprian . Epist. 2. l. 2. in fine . St. Cyprian was Martyred . A.D. 249. was a Rhetorician ; after that , first Priest , then Bishop of Carthage , and lastly a glorious Martyr , An. Dom . 249. who in his life time having writ a letter unto Donatus , a young Convert , wherein he gives most wholesome and Christian direction and advice , whereby to make his works shine before men ; he concludes with Instructions , how in a Christian manner , to keep Holy daies , and Festivals , comparing the season of Grace to a Feast , & he concludes thus : Sonet Psalmum Sobrium : ut tibi tenax memoria est : Vox canora : aggredere hoc munus ex more . Let a Psalm noise out a sober Feast : as thou well remembrest : A shrill voyce : set upon the duty after the accustomed manner . Which passage though it doth not totidem verbis , speak out loud Musick , yet it urges the duty by no less then three Arguments .

1. Sonet Psalmum , which must be understood of holy publick assemblies , in that sense wherein as you have heard , {αβγδ} was then understood .

2. Ut tibi tenax memoria est . As thou well remembrest ; there is the Practice of the Church .

3. Ex more , after the accustomed manner ; there is her constancy in that her practice ; with command unto Donatus to be conformable thereunto .

After him St. Hilary Bishop of Poictiers in France , about the year of our Lord 370. A man very venerable both for life , and doctrine , speaks for the Organ in Gods service as an ancient , and old continued custom , as if the Church had at that time , received it by prescription , and in the very same sense and latitude , we here determine . Psallendum autem nomini ejus : quia per Organum Psalmus est . Hil . p. 512. We must Instrumentally sing to his name , becaus a Psalm is upon an Organ . And a littl before , Deo itaque jubilandum est , quia debitum ei à nobis est exultantis vocis officium . Ibid . We must greatly rejoyce in God , becaus from us the voice of exaltation is due to him . And in another place , Canticum autem Psalmi est cum Organo praecinente , subsequens , & aemula Organi vox chori canentis auditur : Id. p. 430. Modum Psalterii modulis vocis imitata . The singing of a Psalm , is the leading of an Organ , and the emulous voice of the singing Quire following the Organ . And in another place , speaking of Davids composure of the Psalms ( he saith ) Eo enim cum Organo prophetatum est , Graecè Psalterio , Idem . p. 427. Hebraicè nablo nuncupato : quod unum omnium Musicorum Organorum rectissimum est ; nihil in se perversum continetur , vel obliquum . For there he prophesied on an Organ in Greek called a Psaltery , but in the Hebrew Nablium , which is the best of all Musicall Instruments , wherein is contained nothing pervers or amiss .

Saint Basil for his eminency , sirnamed the Great , Arch-Bishop of Cesarea in Cappadocia , who flourished about A. D. 380. a learned , and most holy man , who was of so great authority amongst the Grecians , that no man , though never so base , durst at any time , in any matter , contradict any thing of either his Doctrin , or his Writings ; after he had given the holy use of , and advantage which may be made by Instrumental Musick , he saith thus , {αβγδ} . Basil . M. in Psal . 29. A Psalm therefore is a Musical speech , when it is tunably and exactly played upon an Organ , according to the rule of Musical Consort .

Gregory Nazienzen another Bishop , of Nazianzena , in Cappadocia , about A.D. 390. A man for learning , integrity , and eloquence so eminent , that the greatest of his adversaries durst not contradict any thing of his , of whom Eusebius saith , Haereticorum turbinem fideliter tulit , He faithfully underwent the whirlwind of the Hereticks , Whose honour was such , that he was sirnamed the great 200. years : He implying every one to be supposed to understand a Psalm to be as formerly showed , to com from {αβγδ} , giving the difference betwixt an Hymn , and a Psalm , Greg . Nazian . Car . Jamb . 15. saith {αβγδ} , {αβγδ} . Modulata laus est hymnus , ut quidem Arbitror , Cum cantione Psalmus , est Psalmodia . With the voice prais tuned , an Hymn is , Psalm playing , with singing , is , I wis .

Gregory Nyssen , Brother to Saint Basil the great , Bishop of Nice in Cappadocia , a man of great Learning , Piety and account , about the same time , thus hath it , {αβγδ} . Greg . Nyss . de vita Moysis . For as the last words which are made by Gospel Preaching , have moved the hearing ; so the Spirit more vehemently by the Organs in later times .

Saint Ambrose Bishop of Millain , a most famous man for Faith , and Sanctity , and exceedingly learned , he was famous about the same time , who speaking of this kind of praising God , givs this reason for it , Sane ( saith he ) est quidam proprius bonorum actuum factorumque plausus ; in Orbem exeat , & benè gestorum resultet gloria . Surely there is a certain proper prais of good Acts , and deeds ; let the sound thereof go abroad into the world , and the glory of things well don break out . In the same Paragraph speaking upon Ezek . 25.6 . Ezek . 25 6. S. Ambros . Tom . 5. p. 76. by the rule of contraries , concerning the duty of the Prophet therein , he observes thus , Jubetur ergo Propheta plaudere manu , & percutere pede ; jubetur Psallere , quia sponsi nuptias jam videbat , in quibus desponsatur Ecclesia , Christus adamatur , Psal . 80. & 70. Audis citharantium voces , audis saltantium strepitus , nuptias crede . The Prophet therefore is commanded to clap his hands , to dance ; he is commanded to play upon Musical Instruments , becaus now he saw the Marriage of the Bridegroom , wherein the Church is espoused , Christ is loved , Psal . 80. & 70. Dost thou hear the nois of Musitians , dost thou hear the busling of Dancers ? believ the Marriage .

Chrysostom . To . 1 Homil . de Poenitent . contin . &c. Saint Chrysostom Bishop of Constantinople , a man who abounded in learning , and sanctity , had in great reverence , and exceedingly beloved of his Peopl ; he dyed An. Dom . 411. and is as clear as the Sun for it , and in it . {αβγδ} {αβγδ} , Idem de Dict . Abrah . Ser . 4. {αβγδ} . The Angels lov them that delight in the Lord , Take a Psalm , and bring hither the Tabret , the pleasant Psaltery with the Harp ; he takes one thing , and desires three . But fuller and clearer yet . For ( saith he in another place ) in the Church neither is a Musical Organ to be reckoned naught , or of no worth , but after it hath served to filthy songs . Even as Divine songs antiently were not prophane ; although through an immoderate pleasure , they were after turned to lust , nevertheless they were dedicated to God : as truly they were not profane from the beginning . Therefore David in the 150. Psalm v. 3. Prais him with the Psaltery , and with the Harp , upon strings , and on the Organ , on the well tuned Cymbals , upon the high sounding Cymbals , upon the Timbrell , and in the Quire . And I wish that this invention had not been converted to pleasure , inticements , and lusts , not unto the worshipping of images : but the use at which the Inventours thereof aimed , that it might excell in Divine things ; for the cunning of the Art was never reproved , never was the Harp dispraised , if God was honoured by the Harp .

Saint Hierom Presbyter , a man of incomparabl learning and piety , who was termed Haereticorum Malleus , & expugnator fortissimus , S. Hierom . in Ephes . cap . 5. The stoutest Hammer , and conquerour of Hereticks , he dyed about the year 422. after this manner he givs Advice , both to the Organist & the Quire . Audiant haec adolescentuli : audiant hi quibus Psallendi in Ecclesia officium est . Hear these things ye young men ; hear this ye whose office it is , to play upon Musical Instruments in the Church .

Aurelius Clemens Prudentius , a Roman Believer of consular Authority , a man of great piety , and learning , who well knew the custom , and practis of Christs Church ; as he sets it down in these verses following ; he flourished A. D. 380.

Quicquid in aere cavo reboans tuba curva remugit , Aurel . Clem . Pruden . in Apotheosi Adversus Judaeos . Quicquid in arcano vomit ingens spiritus haustu , Quicquid casta chelys , quicquid testudo resultat , Organa disparibus calamis quod consona miscent , Aemula pastorum quod reddunt vocibus antra , Christum concelebrat , Christum sonat , omnia Christum Muta etiam fidibus sanctis animata loquuntur . Aurel . Clem . Prudentius in Apotheosi Adversus Judaeos . What e're loud Trumpet bent , from 's hollow brass resounds , What ( air ) e're , the strong breath in secret draught rebounds , What so e're chaste Harp , what so ere the Lute out send , That which with loud pipes uneven , the sweet Organs blend ; That which the emulous Shepherds hut with voices sings , Christ it honours , Christ it signifies , Christ all things ( Yea even brute men ) do him declare , on Sacred strings .

From this search , and enquiry here made , after the Allowance , Use and Practise of Instrumental Musick , by holy men , in the hous , and Church of God , as we have discovered it , in the first Institution thereof ; in its Increas ; Wane ; Ecclipse ; and Recovery ; in which it hath stood , and continued , at the least this 1400. years ; Now we conclude it to be allowabl , warrantabl , and profitabl with us in these dayes , in that it was so , with those almost primitiv Saints and Champions ; wherein to wade any further , and in this manner , to bring it down unto these times , would not only take up abundance of unnecessary pains , but also swell this undertaking into too great and needless a bulk ; we therefore will leav every moderate discreet Christian to make use of that old Adage , Ex Hercule pedem , where we will leav them to judg the just proportion of its reception , and entertainment in after times , until this day ; although by and through the spirit of opposition , and contradiction , the worst enemy of Christianity , it hath met with foul play , and unjust dealing , in som of the reformed Churches ; by reason of their wayward spleen , not rectified judgement : mis-biased conscience , not purity of spirit : fierceness of wilde zeal , not soundness of knowledg : forwardness of precipitated Resolution , and not meekness , and calmness of true piety , and devotion , decrying Church Musick , as ridiculous , Papistical , and the like , from , and amongst whom , it hath found very bad entertainment , especially from the former Ages Genevists , even against their own light and principls , as is evident from their own Champions ; one whereof take for an instance , and that is Zanchy , who saith , Veterem igitur , Zanch . Tom . 4. Col. 566. & Apostolicam hanc esse consuetudinem , ut Deus laudetur , & invocetur non solum voce simplici , verum etiam Musicâ , & cantu , manifestum est , eóque utile . Manifest therefore it is , and also profitabl , that this was an old and Apostolical custom , that God should be praised , and called upon , not only by plain voice , but also by Musick and song . Herein I could say much more , but love not to meddl more than necessary in troubled waters : Therefore will I conclude this Argument with a Latine Distick , which claims prescription in the Church of God , and the judgement of two of our English men , by all which this Question is concluded in this sens . The Distick is this , Non vox , sed votum : non Chordula Musica , sed Cor ; Non Clamans , sed amans cantat in aure Dei . Not voice , but vote : not stringed Instrument , but heart : Not crying out , but Lov: in Gods ear bear a part .

This shows it to have ever been a standing custom in the Church of God , and it is this day practised in the Reformed Churches , in Germany , whether Lutherans , or Calvinists . And is enjoyned to be practised in our Church of England , by Queen Elizabeth in her Majesties Injunctions , in these words , For the comforting of such that delight in Musick , Queen Elizabeths Injunction 49. it may be permitted , that in the beginning , or in the end of Common Prayers , either at Morning or Evening , there may be sung an Hymn , or such like song , to the prais of Almighty God , in the best sort of Melody and Musick that may be conveniently devised , having respect that the sentence of the Hymn may be understanded and perceived .

Our English men are these .

Mr. Masons Sermon , p. 46. The first is Mr. Mason , in his pious and learned Sermon preach't 55. years ago , in the Green Yard at Norwich , where answering the Objections made against our Church , he saith , Our Musical Harmony , they would likewise abolish as Jewish ; but they have not yet proved , that Church-Musick Vocal or Instrumental , is such a Jewish Ceremony , as ought to be abrogated . The other shall be a sober Anonymus , in certain considerations touching the Church of England , Certain considerations touching the Church of England . whose design therein is a reformation of our Church , wherein in the Section of Liturgy , the Ceremonies , and subscription , he allows of Instrumental Musick , in these words : After the reading of the Word of God , it was thought fit there should be some pause for holy meditation , before they proceed to the rest of the service ; which pause was thought fit to be filled , rather with some grave sound , then with a still silence , which was the reason of playing upon the Organs after the Scriptures read . All which was decent , and tending to edification .

The sixth Argument is this , That it is of a sacred and holy Use : those who deny this , will one day find the Heathens to rise in judgement against them . For they had such a Reverend respect unto Instrumental Musick , that at first , it was used amongst them only at their Divine service , in the praise of their Gods , or the worthy deeds of famous men . This is attested by Plutarch , {αβγδ} . Plutarck {αβγδ} . It is a report that in more ancient times , Theatrical Musick was unknown amongst the Graecians ; for this whole Science was turned to the worship of the Gods , and the Discipline of young men ; neither as yet at that time , was the Theater raised among men . As yet Musick was nourished and kept up in their Temples only : Wherein they celebrated the honour of their Gods , and the praises of famous men . — At Delos no service was performed without Musick . — Cybells Priests were wont to perform their holy services , with the sound of Bells , and Timbrels . Amongst the Caretae there was none of their holy service without the sound of Timbrels and Trumpets .

Livy saith , that the Roman Trumpeters were wont to play before their sacrifices , and that the Spondy foot took name from the Greek {αβγδ} which signifies sacrifice , because they used that foot most in their sacrifices . Neither did the Heathens thus alone , but the Jews , Gods own people ; they did the like according to Gods own command , as hath been already sufficiently declared , which to be denied by Christians , will conclude them to imagin themselves less beholden to their God , or to be more unthankful than either Jew , or Gentile ; or that they are less engaged unto him , or that he is mutable , unfit , or unable to be their God , with infinite Blasphemies , and Absurdities more , from which the Lord deliver us .

The seventh Argument , is , because it tends to the use of edifying ; Plutarch {αβγδ} . of this in regard of naturals , and morality , read Plutarch {αβγδ} . Our task here is to deal therewith in respect of spirituals , wherein it is to be observed , that want of skill in Musick , is a cause of great want of understanding ; therefore saith St. Augustine , Non pauca etiam claudit , August . Tom . 3. Col. 31. atque obregit nonnullarum rerum musicarum ignorantia . The ignorance also of many Musical matters , shuts up & conceals many things : neither is it advantagious in the Improvement of our knowledge only , but also of our Devotion For David Citharà suâ coram Arcâ lusit , & corporis insuper concinno motu saltans , Theatr . vit . Hum . p. 1290 c . 2. animi fervidam devotionem non tam ostendit quam excitavit . Ejus rei causa Ecclesia quoque Organis animos ad pietatem , & zelum religionis excitare voluit . " David playing before the Ark upon his harp , and moreover leaping with an handsom motion of his body , did not so show , as stir up the hot Devotion of his mind : For that cause the Church also by Organs would stir up mens minds unto Piety , and zeal of Religion . In this St. Basil is remarkable . {αβγδ} . Basil . Proaem . in Psalms . Seeing therefore there are many sorts of Musical Instruments , the Prophet chose rather , to fit this book ( speaking of the Psalms ) unto that which is called a Psaltery : because ( so truly I think , ) that even from that name , he might shew grace , resounding therein , from above , to come from the Holy Ghost : because this Instrument alone amongst the rest , causeth the sound to go out from above ; for in the Harp , and the Lyre , the Brass sends out its sound , being beaten with a quil from the lower part : whereas on the other hand the Psaltery , being toucht above , gives the cause of that its sweet harmony , that being moved by this Document in the whole contemplation of the mind , we may learn to seek those things which are above ; also not to turn aside headlong , and be carried into the obscene affections of the flesh , by the alluring pleasure of sweet sounding melody . And to these add that : From a chief , and more wise reason , ( which truly I suppose the Prophet shows to us , ) he was willing by the structure of that Instrument , namely , that every man should set his soul unto the embracement of virtue , in a more exact , and profitable endeavour , so having an easie passable way unto things above .

Instrumental Musick hath been admirable , and wonderful in its effects , and consequences , wrought thereby ; herein we will instance in two particulars . The expelling of evil spirits , and the regaining of good .

First , the former of these , Perturbabatque Saul malus spiritus à Jehovâ , an evil spirit from the LORD troubled Saul , 1 Sam . 16.14 . 1 Sam . 16.14 . but in v. 23. Ver . 23. David accipiens Citharam , &c. David took his harp , &c. and one touch thereof refreshes that troubled King ; respirabat Saul , Saul recovered breath , and was well , and the evil spirit departed from him , Lymphationibus ( quae ab illo spiritu malo proficiebantur , Jun. & Trem . in Locum . ) tunc temporis cessantibus . His madness ( which proceeded from that evil spirit ) ceasing at that time .

Again herein is the excellency , and wonder comprehended in Instrumental Musick , that its efficacy consists , not only in driving away evil spirits , but in the procurement of good : When the Prophet Elisha was desired to prophesie before the three Kings of Judah , Samaria , and Edom : Bring me ( saith he ) a Minstrel ; and it came to pass when the Minstrel play'd , that the hand of the Lord came upon him , 2 King . 3.15 . 2 King . 3.15 . In which passage , it is very remarkable , that Elisha being sent for , upon the motion of good King Jehoshaphat ( with whom upon his arrival , he found the King of Samaria ) he was highly displeased , and greatly offended at Ahab ; for the sacred text saith , Elisha said unto the King of Israel , What have I to do with thee ? get thee to the Prophets of thy Father , and to the Prophets of thy Mother . — As the Lord of hosts liveth , before whom I stand , surely , were it not that I regard the presence of Jehoshaphat the King of Judah , I would not look towards thee , nor see thee , v. 13 , 14. Ver . 13 , 14. Here good Elisha , is too much burdened , and oppressed in his humane passions , which brought upon him the spirit of wrath , displeasure , and indignation ; which must first be removed , before he was able to execute the office of Gods Prophet ; wherefore he first calls for a Musician , by whose Musical art , and skill , that contrary spirit being driven away , then it brings the good Spirit of the LORD upon him ; for so must we understand Manus Jehovae , the hand of the LORD , to be vis prophetica , Jun. & Trem . in Locum . sive donum prophetandi ; Metonymiâ . The power of prophecying , or the gift of Prophesie by a Metonymy , upon all which the same Annotators give this worthy note , Ib. adducite mihi fidicinem , bring me hither a Musician , cujus opera perturbatus animus , ex praesentiâ impii regis Jisraelitarum , sedaretur , & spirituali carmine comparetur ad caelestia praedicanda , sicut aliorum ad ea percipienda . By whose labour his mind troubled by the presence of the wicked King of Israel , might be appeased , and prepared by spiritual Poetry , for the preaching of heavenly things ; as also the [ mind ] of others to apprehend them . Therefore well might St. Augustine cry out in admiration of these strange effects , Mirum ! daemones fugat , August . in Prologom . in Psalmos . Angelos ad adjutorium invitat . Here s a wonder ! it drives away devils , it calls Angels in for help .

Who so contemneth Musick , ( as all Seducers do ) with them ( saith Luther ) I am not content ; next unto Theologia , I give the place , Vide D. Mart . Luth . Coll . Com . c . 68. and highest honour to Musica . For thereby all anger is forgotten , the Devil is driven away , inchastity , Pride , and other Blasphemies by Musick are expelled . We see also , how David and all the Saints brought their Divine Cogitations Contemplations , their Rimes , and Songs into verse , Quia pacis tempore regnat Musica , i.e. In time of Peace Musick raigns .

To bring this Argument to an end , The sweetness of Harmonical sounds doth insinuate it self into the soul of man , Mr. Masons Sermons . p. 46 preparing the affections for the service of God , lifting up the heart towards heaven , delighting the mind , kindling devotion , and ravishing the spirit with celestial joy . In a word , Instrumental Musick , solemnly , and devoutly performed according to Church Order , and Discipline , enlivens the spirit , and quickens apprehension , heightens affections , enlarges holy desires , kindles zeal , purifies devotion , and strengthens resolution , Sydenh . well tuned Cymbal . p. 19. in all holy duties , and practices . See Sydenhams well tuned Cymbal , pag . 19.

If all the foresaid Arguments , namely , That playing of Psalms upon Musical Instruments , was the main subordinate end , wherefore they were composed . That God is to be honoured , and magnified specifically in his own gifts . That Instrumental Musick hath been practised by good men in Gods service . That it is a duty required by the Analogy of faith . That it hath ever been the allowance , or practice of the Church . That it is of holy , or sacred use . And that it tends to the use of edifying : I say if all these ( as they are not , ) were too weak , and invalid to maintain this truth , yet this last is sufficient ; namely , That it is Gods command , both in the Old , and the New Testament .

1. The Old Testament , it is therein commanded ; by a strong and a fivefold twisted Law . 1. Regal . 2. Civil . 3. Ecclesiastical . 4. Military . 5. Divine .

1. In the Old Testament , it is commanded by regal Authority ; a Law given by a good man , a man after Gods own heart , the sweet singer of Israel , David a great King . Nehe . 12.24 . Neh . 12.24 . And the chief of the Levites , Hashabia , Sherebiah , and Jeshua the son of Kadmiel , with their brethren over against them , to praise , and to give thanks according to the commandment of David , the man of God , ward over against ward . Which duty was by this command revived , above six hundred years after it was given , after a seventy years captivity , and seventy eight years of great trouble , and heavy affliction , and therefore this command is said to be of old , as is said in v. 46. Ver . 46. of the same Chapter . A time of a hundred and fourty eight years of sorrow and calamity . For in the dayes of David , and of Asaph of old , there were chief of the singers , and songs of praise , and thanksgiving unto God ; and all this was performed , not only in obedience to the command of David , but also of Solomon , as it is in the foregoing verse . Ver . 45. And both the singers and the Porters kept the Ward of their God , and the ward of their purification according to the Commandment of David , and of Solomon his Son , which Commandment was not only for singers and songs , musick vocal , but also Instrumental , for which purpose David appointed Psalms , Musitians , and Musical Instruments , six hundred and twelve years before the renewing thereof by Nehemiah , at the bringing of the Ark of God to Jerusalem , 1 Chron . 16 4 . -7 . 1 Chron . 16 . 4.-7 . And he appointed certain of the Levites , to Minister before the Ark of the LORD , and to record , and to thank and to praise the LORD God of Israel . Asaph the chief , and near to him Zachariah , Jeiel , and Shemiramoth , and Jehiel , and Mattithiah , and Eliab , and Benaiah , and Obed-Edom , and Jeiel with Psalteries and Harps : but Asaph made a found with Cymbals . Benaiah also , and Jehaziel the Priests , with Trumpets continually before the Ark of the Covenant of God . Then on that day David delivered first this Psalm to thank the LORD , into the hand of Asaph , and his brethren . This was to be a lasting , and a constant duty , not for a short time , but for ever , as is expressed by this Word continually , and as it is reiterated in v. 37. Ver . 37. So he left there before the Ark of the Covenant of the LORD , Asaph , and his brethren , to Minister before the Ark continually as every days work required . This charge was given by that holy man , when the Ark of God was setled in the place , which he had prepared for it , as may be seen in the first verse of the Chapter ; but the execution thereof , 1 Chron . 15. v. 16. commenc't with the fetching of the Ark from Kirjathjearim , as it is given at large in chap. 15. and ver . 16. And David spoke to the chief of the Levites , to appoint their brethren to be singers with Instruments of Musick , with Psalteries , and Harps , and Cymbals sounding by lifting up the voice with joy to the Levites , appointed Heman the son of Joel , and his brethren : Asaph the son of Barach●ah , and of the sons of Merari their brethren , Ethan the son of Rushaiah . And with them their brethren of the second degree , Zachariah , Ben , and Jaziel , and Shemiramoth , and Jehiel , and Unni , Eliab , and Benaiah , and Maasiah , and Mattithiah , and Eliphalet , and Mickniah , and Obed-Edom , and Je●el the Porters . So the singers , Heman , Asaph , and Ethan , were appointed to sound with Cymbals of brass . And Zachariah , and Aziel , and Shemiramoth , and Jehiel , and Unni , and Eliab , and Maasiah , and Benaiah , with Psalteries on Alamoth . And Mattithiah , and Eliphalet , and Mickniah , and Obed-Edom , and Jeiel , and Azzaziah , with Harps , on Sheminith to excell . And Chenaniah chief of the Levites , was for song : He instructed about the song , becaus he was skilful . v. 22.

2. Civil . 2. Men of s●cular Order , and power , we find not so free and forward , in the prais of our God , with Instrumental Musick , as his more near , and immediate servants : yet at the Institution thereof , Regal Authority herein was seconded by civil allowance , and practice , as is clearly gathered from the General reception thereof , at its Commencement by the whole hous of Israel , who both allowed and practised it , 2 Sam . 6.3 . 2 Sam . 6.5 . And David , and all the hous of Israel , played before the LORD , on all manner of Instruments made of Firwood , even on Harps , and on Psalteries , and on Tymbrels , and on Cornets , and Cymballs . Whereof we have a larger , and fuller relation , 1 Chron . 15 . 25-28 . 1 Chron . 15.25 . — 28. So David and the Elders of Israel , and the Captains over Thousands , went to bring up the Ark of the Covenant of the LORD , out of the hous of Obed-Edom with joy . And it came to pass when God helped the Levites that bare the Ark of the Covenant of the LORD , that they offered seven bullocks , and seven rams . And David was cloathed with a robe of fine linnen , and all the Levites that bare the Ark , and the singers , and Chenaniah , the Master of the song , with the singers : David also had upon him an Ephod of linnen . Thus all Israel brought up the Ark of the Covenant of the LORD , with shouting , and with sound of Cornet , and with Trumpets , and with Cymbals , making a nois with Psalteries , and Harps .

3. Authority Ecclesiastical . 3. Ecclesiastical . This command hath good Authority as it was given by David , a man after Gods own heart , a great Prophet , and a great King , with the Addition of Civil Sanction , Allowance , and Practice : Yet least this should be too littl , it is corroborated , and strengthened by the annexion of Authority Ecclesiastical , that it may be made a good and sufficient Law , like the Law of the Medes , and Persians , which cannot be altered . For look but into the beginning of the 25. Chapter of the first Book of Chronicles , 1 Chron . 25. and there you shall find a large Catalogue of a full Quire ordered , by three of the Tribe of Levi , who were chief Commanders therein , and annext their Authority unto King Davids , as it is in the 6. v. v. 6. All these were under the hands of their Father , for song , in the hous of the LORD , with Cymbals , Psalteries , and Harps , for the service of the Hous of God , according to the order of the King , and of Asaph , and Jeduthun , and of Heman , which read thus following the Septuagint , who render it in these words , {αβγδ} . Which reading is made good , 2 Chron . 35.15 . 2 Chr. 35.15 . And the singers , the sons of Asaph were in their place , according to the Commandement of David , and Asaph , and Heman , and Jeduthun the Kings Seer .

4. Military . 4. Military . Though this Ordinance was thus established by power Regal , Civil , and Ecclesiastical , yet that no member of the Common-wealth of Israel might be wanting therein , there is also herein an Addition of the military power , as is clearly concluded from 1 Chron . 15.25 . 1 Chr. 15 25. So David , and the Elders of Israel , and the Captains of thousands , went to bring up the Ark of the Covenant of the LORD , out of the hous of Obed-Edom , with joy . Not only David , and the Levites , and the Elders , but also the Colonels of the Army , bore their part , in the first allowance , and practice of Instrumental Musick , in that great solemnity , with Devotion , Joy and Alacrity , whereby to bless , prais , and magnifie our God .

5. Divine . 5. But least all this should amount no higher than to make it an Humane Ordinance and Constitution , it is made Authentick , and Canonical , abov all Statutes and Ordinances of men , consummated and compleated by a Divine Law , and command . For none of these holy men , herein did , or commanded any thing , but what was first enjoyned , and commanded them by their , and our great God Jehovah , as was acknowledged by good King Hezekiah , who 330 years after , set the Levites in the hous of the LORD with Cymbals , with Psalteries , and with Harps , according to the Commandment of David , and of Gad the Kings Seer , and Nathan the Prophet : for so was the Commandement of the LORD by his Prophets , 2 Chron . 29.25 . 2 Chro 29.25 . This therefore was no command of man , but of God by man ; given to all peopl . Rejoyce in the LORD O ye righteous , for prais is comly in the upright . Prais the LORD with Harp : Sing unto him with the Psaltery , and an Instrument of ten strings . Sing unto him a new Song , play skilfully with a loud voice , Psal . 33 . 1-3 . Psalm 33 . 1-3 . which duty the Prophet inforces in the three following verses , by five reasons drawn from v. 4. 1o His righteousness in his Word ; for the Word of the LORD is right . v. 5. 2o His Truth ; all his Works are don in Truth , v. 4. 3o Judgement : He loveth righteousness and Judgement . 4o His Bounty ; The earth is full of the goodness of the LORD . 5o Omnipotency : By the Word of the LORD were the Heavens made , &c. v. 6 , 7. Rejoyce in the LORD , &c. For the Word of the LORD , &c.

Thus this duty in this manner enjoyned , This manner of Gods Service a duty of the first Tabl . and commanded by God and good men ; nay more , confirmed , and established by the strongest Sanction of Authority , Divine , Regal , Ecclesiastical , Civil and Military , upon Moral Reasons , and Grounds , the Performance thereof is a branch of the Moral Law ; and is a duty required in every Commandement , in the first Tabl : The sum whereof is in all tenderness of hearty lov , to bear an humbl , awful , devout and thankful respect unto God alone ; viz. 1o His Majesty ; In Obedience unto the first Commandement . 2o His presence ; in Obedience to the second . 3o His Name ; in Obedience to the third . 4o His Service ; in Obedience to the fourth .

1o In the first Commandement , amongst the many , 1. In the first Commandement . & several affirmativ duties thereof , these four tend directly to the service of his Divine Majesty , by Instrumental Musick .

1o To Honour him ; if we be his sons , we must honour him ; the son honoureth the father , Mal . 1.6 . Mal . 1.6 . 2o To rejoyce in him ; Thou shalt rejoyce in the LORD , and shalt glory in the holy one of Israel , Isa . 41.26 . 1 Sam . 2.30 . Isa . 41.26 . 3o To be zealous for him ; no meer man was ever able to say of himself , The zeal of thy house hath eaten me up , but he who was the great improver of this duty , Psalm 69.9 . Psal . 69.9 . 4 To give him Prais , and Thanksgiving . Sing unto the LORD with thanksgiving , sing prais upon the Harp to our God , Psal . 147.7 .

Now at the Solemnity of Divine Service , in Holy Publick Assemblies , there can be no Honour , Rejoycing , Zeal , Prais , and Thanksgiving performed to Divine Majestie , in a more Divine , Heavenly , abstract , and Seraphical manner , then by Instrumental Musick .

2. In the second Comm●ndement . 2o In the second Commandment , we are enjoyned to do worship and service unto God in his presence , by Receiving , Observing , and Keeping pure and entire , all such Religious Worship and Ordinances , as God hath appointed and instituted in his Word , Deut . 32.46 , 47. Matth . 28.20 . Act. 2.42 . 1 Tim . 6.13 , 14. Luke 16.31 . Deut . 32.46 , 47. Mat 28.20 . Act 2.42 . 1 Tim . 6.13 , 14. Luk 16 31. Particularly , 1o By Prayer , and Thanksgiving made in the name of Christ , Phil . 4.6 . Eph. 5.20 . Phil . 4 6. Eph. 5.20 . 2o In ordering of , and submitting to Church-Government and Discipline . Matth . 18.15 — 17. & 16 19. 1 Cor . 5.45 . & 12.28 . Mat . 18. 15 — 17. & 16.19 . 1 Co● . 5.45 . & 12.18 .

In all these respects , this manner of Service of God , is a duty enjoyned in this Commandment ; For hereby we receiv , observ , and keep pure , and entire , this Religious Worship and Ordinance which God hath instituted , and appointed in his Word , to be performed in publick Prayer and Thanksgiving , made in the name of Christ , duly Ordering of , and submitting to Church-Government and Discipline .

3. In the third Commandement . 3. The Affirmativ Duty in the third Commandement is , That we Glorifie the Name , Titles , Attributes , and Ordinances of God . Mat . 6.9 . Deut . 20.58 , 59. Psal . 29.2 . Rev. 15.23 . 1. Cor . 10.31 . Mat . 6.9 . Deut . 20.58 , 59. Psalm 24.2 . Rev. 15.22 . 1 Cor . 10.31 . All which is don by Instrumental Musick .

4o The Affirmativ Duty in the fourth Commandement , 4. In the fourth Commandement . is , that we joyn with the Assembly of the Saints , in Prayers and Praises , according unto the Command of God , and the Practice of the Church of Christ . Act. 3.1 , 21 , 42 , 46 , 47. Act 3.1 , 21 , 42 , 46 , 47. And thus is it a duty of this Commandement .

Wherefore this Service , being a duty of the whole first Table , Exod . 4.25 , 26. Matth 22.5 . Mal 1.7 , 13. Mat . 23.13 . Act 13.44 , 45. 1 Thes . 2.15 , 16. we are Transgressours of the four first Commandements , if this Service , Worship , and Ordinance of God , be by us neglected , contemned , hindred , unduly altered , Luk . 10.16 . Mat . 21.13 . 1 Cor . 11.22 . 1 Thes . 4.8 . Or omitted , Isa . 43.22 . Ezek . 22.26 . Act. 20.7 . — 9. Ezek . 33 . 30-32 . Am. 8.5 . Mal 1.13 . Thus have we largely and sufficiently proved , That Instrumental Musick in Holy Publick Assemblies , is Commanded in the Old Testament : Our next Engagement is , to prov it commanded in the New .

II . That it is commanded in the New Testament , II . That it is commanded in the New Testament . is already proved , in that it is so solemnly commanded in the 33. Psalm v. 1-3 . And that upon Moral Grounds , and Reasons , which makes this service to be commanded in the Moral Law , and therefore in the New Testament also . And the Duty is enjoyned in that Psalm , upon many more moral reasons therein expressed . And there are two other Psalms where are nothing but commands to perform this Office of Prais , and Reasons to inforce it : the one is the 147. and the other the 98. Psalm 98. & 147. but herein , I will only name two Gospel Arguments , whereupon he commands this duty . The former is in Psal . 149. Psal . 149. wherein having given the charge , in the three first verses , he ends thus , Sing Praises unto him with the Timbrell and Harp : All which he first backs with this Reason , in the fourth verse , For the Lord taketh pleasure in his peopl , he will beautifie the meek with salvation . v. 4. Which our Saviour sums up in the third Beatitude , Mat . 5.5 . Mat . 5.5 . Blessed are the meek , for they shall inherit the earth . So that if Blessedness , and Inheritance of the Earth , be Gospel Promises , than Glorifying , and magnyfying God with instrumental Musick , is also a Gospel-Duty .

The other is in Psal . 98. Psal . 98.9 . wherein the Psalmist having been something large , in injunction of this Duty , he concludes it , and the Psalm upon this Reason : For he cometh to Judg the earth : with righteousness shall he Judg the world , and the peopl with equity , v. 9. So then if Christs return to Judgement be an Articl of our Faith , we are enjoyned the same in the New Testament .

And herein it is to be noted , that all Commands given in the Book of Psalms , ( not exacting Obedience , to som Ceremonial or Judicial Law , neither subordinate unto the Moral Law , nor received into som National-Law : ) are obliging to Christians , as is evident by comparing Psal . 117.1 . with Rom. 11.15 . and Psalm 95. according to the Septuagint , from the 7. v unto the end , with Heb . 3 . 7-11 . Psal . 117.1 . with Rom. 11.15 . Psal . 95.7 — with Heb . 3 . 7-11 . Saint Hilary givs this Admirabl account of the Contents of this Book of Psalms , thus , In aeternum Glorificatis sibi , qui in eum crediderunt , Hil . Proeem . in Psal . p. 426. regnandi , & caeteros Judicandi Sacramenta panduntur , p. 426. The Mysteries of Government , and Judging the rest of the world , are revealed to them that are eternally glorified , which have believed in him ; thus Saint Hilary . All true Converts , even while they are in this world , are in part eternally glorified ; unto whom the mysterie of Government , by this book of Psalms is revealed which in respect of the Matter wherewith , the Causes wherefore , and the Manner how to prais God , hath a greater clearness and propriety , than any other Book of God , in the Old or New Testament . The same Father a littl after saith , This Book of Psalms is the Key of David , spoken of Rev. 3.7 . Clavem igitur David habet , quia ipse per haec vi quâdam signacula , Ibid . Rev. 5.13 . quae de corporalitate ejus , & passione , & morte , & resurrectione , & Gloriâ , & Regno , & Judicio David de eo in Psalmis Prophetat , absolvit , aperiens quod nemo claudit , & claudens quod nemo aperiet . He hath the Key of David , because David himself by these seals with a certain force , concerning him ( that is our Saviour ) in the Psalms , prophesieth , and delivereth the things concerning his Incarnation , and Passion , and Death , and Resurrection , and Glory , and Kingdom , and Judgement , opening that which no man shutteth , and shutting that which no man openeth . Thus far Saint Hilary . This Key the Book of Psalms , is not more peremptory in commanding , more full in describing , nor more frequent in repeating any thing tending to the Glory , and the Government of the Kingdom of Christ , and his Service , than in charging , commanding , and prescribing this duty of serving God with Instrumental Musick .

Certainly , what hath hitherto been said herein , makes it a clear evincement , what the Apostle James meant in that his Apostolical command {αβγδ} . Is any man merry ? let him sing Psalms , Jam . 5.13 . Jam . 5.13 . bono animo est aliquis ? Is any man in a good mind ? Psallat . Bez . Let him sing Psalms , upon Musical Instruments ; for this is the tru and genuine signification of the word {αβγδ} , in all Latin Translations , exprest by Psallat , implying , that there is no proper , and reverâ singing of Psalms but with Instruments of Musick . From what Pasor hath delivered upon these words , {αβγδ} and {αβγδ} , this expression {αβγδ} ; carries thus much with it : bono ac hilari animo est aliquis , indulgens genio ? Is any man in a good and merry mind , giving way to his natural Inclination ? then Psallat , Let him take Musical Instruments into his hand , and thereon let him play Psalms , and Hymns , and spiritual songs , Ephes . 5.19 . which passage of the Apostl that it imports thus much , appears thus ; In the vers next before that , he prohibits , and forbids , excess in wine , intemperance , and drunkenness ; be not drunk with wine wherein is excess , but be filled with the Spirit , v. 18. Here is forbidden a foul and abominabl vice , which is the caus of many enormities , Inter omnia quae multos spiritus generant , Tho . Aquin . in Eph. 5. v. 18. est vinum unde generat animositatem , & facit homines per talenta loqui ut dicitur , 3 Esdr. 3.21 . It is wine amongst all things , which makes many spirits , and causeth courage , and makes men to speak by talents , 1 Esd. 3.21 . as it is said 1 Esdr. 3.21 . Hence they chaunt to the sound of the Viol , and invent to themselvs Instruments of Musick , like David . They drink wine in bowls , and anoint themselvs with the chief ointments : but they are not grieved for the affliction of Joseph , Amos 6.5 , 6. Amos 6.5 , 6. But the duty of a Christian is quite contrary ; instead of wine , let him be filled with the spirit , that is , the Holy Ghost , which begets heat of Devotion , makes men to be fervent in Spirit , serving the Lord , Rom. 12.11 . It also begets righteousness , and peace , and joy in the Holy Ghost , Rom. 12 : 11. & 14.17 . Rom. 14.17 . It makes men speak powerfully , and boldly . They were all filled with the holy Ghost , and began to speak with other tongues , Acts 2.4 . Act. 2.4 . though the mocking hearers said , these men are full of new wine , v. 13. v. 13. The manner of this filling with the Holy Ghost , consists in the Lov of God , and our neighbour ; of our neighbour , when the Word of Christ dwells in us richly in all Wisdom , teaching and admonishing one another , in Psalms , &c. Col. 3.16 . Col. 3.16 . Submitting our selves one to another in the fear of God , Ephes . 5.21 . Eph. 5.21 . In the lov of God , when our souls and affections break out into holy Extasies , and Raptures , speaking as to our selvs , so to God in Psalms , and Hymns , and spiritual Songs , in Psalms , on Instrumental Musick . Psallere est uti Psalterio . To sing Psalms , is to use the Psaltery , saith Thom . Aquin . Tho . Aquin . in Locum . The Psaltery , that is the Organ , as appears by the Septuagint , all Translations that ever I met with , and the judgement of Saint Basil , and Saint Hilary ; though many men , as Buxtorf , Polydore Virgil , and others be of another opinion . To draw to an end , we have a conveiance of this holy duty , and service from the Law to the Gospel , from the Old Testament to the New , Rev. 15.2 , 3 , 4. in the 15. Chapter of the Revelation , v. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5. The tenour thereof is this , I saw as it were a sea of glass mingled with fire , and them that had gotten the victory over the beast , and over his image , and over his mark , and over the number of his name , stand on the sea of glass , having the Harps of God ; And they sang the song of Moses the servant of God , and the song of the Lamb , saying , Great and marvelous are thy works , Lord God Almighty Just and true are thy wayes , O King of Saints . Who shall not fear thee O Lord , and glorifie thy name ? for thou only art holy ; for all Nations shall com and Worship before thee , for thy Judgements are made manifest . And after that , I looked , & behold the templ of the Tabernacl of the testimony in heaven was opened . This Paragraph is an {αβγδ} , seu carmen triumphale , & {αβγδ} , Chytrae . in Apoc . cap . 15 , 16. quod sancti Martyres & omnes pii , & constantes Ecclesiae Christi cives , stantes super mare vitreum hujus mundi fluctuantis , & fragilis , mixtum igne tribulationis , & persecutionis , qui fide & patientiâ bestiam vicerunt , etiam in his terris canunt , simile cantico Mosis servi Dei , quo admirandam liberationem ex Aegypto , & mari rubro , & victoriam de Pharaone , qui typus est Antichristi , gratâ mente , & voce , & Instrumentis Musicis Israelitae celebrant . Exod . 15. {αβγδ} , a song of triumph , or {αβγδ} , a song of thanksgiving , becaus the holy Martyrs , and all the godly and constant professors of the name of Christ , standing upon the Glassy Sea of this world , mixt with the fire of Tribulation and Persecution , have overcom the beast upon earth . Therefore do they sing unto God upon earth , a song like unto the song of Moses the servant of God , wherein with a thankful mind , and voice , and Musical Instruments , the Israelites [ that is true Believers ] do greatly prais their Admirabl deliverance out of Aegypt , and the red Sea , and over Pharaoh , who is a type of Antichrist , Exod 15. Wherein the Saints of the New Testament , laud , and prais God with a thankful mind , voice , and Musical Instruments , for conquest and victory over the beast , his image , his mark , his number , his name , which is the Song of the Lamb of the New Testament . Thus have we performed the first part of this Engagement , which is the proof of this Question , to be truth in the Affirmativ ; now we pass on to the next , which is