THE
Plain
Mans
English
HISTORIAN
.
CHAP.
I.
The
State
of
Britain
before
the
Conquest
,
under
the
Britains
,
Romans
,
Saxons
,
and
Danes
.
THough
the
Story
of
Brute
be
counted
by
the
best
Authors
fabulous
,
as
first
hatcht
by
Geofry
of
Monmouth
;
yet
since
it
has
much
obtained
credit
in
the
vulgar
Creed
,
we
shall
give
you
the
Traditional
Account
of
it
,
which
is
,
That
Brute
,
descended
from
Aeneas
,
with
a
Troop
of
Trojans
landed
here
about
the
year
of
the
World
2855
,
and
near
eleven
hundred
years
before
the
Incarnation
of
our
Saviour
,
being
in
the
time
of
Samuel
the
Prophet
.
The
Kinsman
of
this
Brute
,
Corinaeus
by
name
,
conquering
Gogmagog
a
Giant
,
and
flinging
him
off
from
Dover
Cliff
into
the
Sea
,
they
soon
subdued
the
whole
Island
,
and
built
London
,
which
in
memory
of
their
former
Country
,
they
called
New-Troy
.
When
Brute
died
he
gave
to
his
eldest
Son
Locrine
,
England
;
to
Cambrius
,
Wales
;
and
to
Albanact
,
Scotland
;
to
whom
succeeded
many
Kings
,
but
of
their
Acts
there
is
little
of
Truth
recorded
.
The
most
considerable
Adventure
of
which
we
have
certainty
,
was
that
of
the
Roman
General
Julius
Caesar
,
who
having
(
much
about
50
years
before
Christ
)
conquered
France
,
attempted
Britain
;
and
was
at
first
manfully
repulsed
,
but
afterwards
made
it
submit
in
a
great
measure
to
that
resistless
Fortune
which
had
triumphed
over
the
rest
of
the
World
,
though
the
whole
were
not
subdued
till
the
time
of
Domitian
,
almost
200
years
after
.
The
Country
was
so
well
liked
by
the
Romans
,
that
several
of
their
Emperours
came
hither
in
person
,
as
Adrian
in
the
year
of
Christ
124
,
and
Severus
almost
an
hundred
years
after
.
And
what
is
more
considerable
,
the
Great
Constantine
first
Christian
Emperour
in
the
World
,
was
both
born
here
,
and
first
saluted
Emperour
at
York
:
But
after
the
Land
had
remained
under
the
Romans
near
500
years
,
they
being
imbroyl'd
at
home
slighted
it
,
and
Vortiger
King
of
the
Britains
oppressed
by
the
Picts
and
Scots
about
the
year
of
Christ
448.
called
in
the
Saxons
,
a
people
of
Germany
,
under
the
Conduct
of
two
Brothers
Hengist
and
Horsa
.
But
first
we
must
Note
,
That
't
is
said
this
Island
received
the
Christian
Faith
long
before
,
even
in
the
year
63
,
by
the
preaching
of
Joseph
of
Arimathaea
,
who
lies
buried
,
they
report
,
at
Glassenbury
.
't
is
certain
England
was
honoured
with
the
first
Christian
King
that
we
read
of
in
the
World
,
viz.
Lucius
,
in
the
year
180.
But
these
Saxons
were
Pagans
,
and
having
beat
off
the
Picts
and
Scots
,
according
to
the
custom
of
foreign
Auxiliaries
,
usurped
the
Dominion
of
the
Land
to
themselves
;
but
in
the
Reign
of
King
Ethelbert
,
Anno
596.
were
converted
to
Christianity
,
and
in
some
time
afterwards
erected
seven
Kingdoms
in
this
Island
,
commonly
called
the
Heptarchy
,
that
is
to
say
,
That
of
Kent
of
the
South-Saxons
containing
Sussex
and
Surrey
;
of
the
West-Saxons
from
Bark-shire
to
Cornwal
;
of
the
East-Saxons
being
Essex
and
Middlesex
;
of
Northumberland
,
including
York-shire
,
&c.
of
Mercia
,
being
all
the
In-land
Counties
;
and
of
the
East-Angles
,
viz.
Suffolk
and
Norfolk
,
so
that
in
the
Reign
of
Cadwallader
in
the
year
689.
the
Britains
had
lost
almost
all
,
and
were
forced
to
retreat
into
the
Mountains
of
Wales
,
where
their
Posterity
remains
to
this
day
.
And
about
the
year
818.
Egbert
King
of
the
West-Saxons
reducing
the
other
petty
Kings
to
his
obedience
,
caused
all
the
South
parts
to
be
called
ENGLAND
from
the
Angles
,
a
species
of
the
Saxons
from
whom
he
was
descended
.
But
,
how
short-liv'd
is
worldly
power
!
The
Saxons
had
no
sooner
thus
compleated
their
Conquest
,
but
the
Danes
began
to
infest
them
,
and
though
often
beaten
back
,
got
in
time
possession
,
exercising
all
kind
of
rudeness
and
cruelties
,
for
resisting
of
which
,
rare
is
the
Example
of
the
Nuns
of
Coldingham
,
who
to
avoid
being
ravisht
by
these
Pagans
,
voluntarily
cut
off
their
own
Lips
and
Noses
,
chusing
rather
Deformity
than
Pollution
.
About
the
year
900.
reigned
King
Alfred
a
Prince
of
extraordinary
vertues
,
who
often
triumphed
over
the
Danes
,
and
first
of
all
for
more
Civil
Government
,
divided
the
Land
into
Shires
,
Hundreds
,
and
Tythings
,
and
so
suppressed
Robbers
,
that
't
is
said
,
A
Child
might
have
travell'd
with
a
Bag
of
Gold
or
Silver
from
one
end
of
England
to
another
without
molestation
;
but
still
and
long
after
the
Danes
retain'd
their
foot-hold
,
and
at
last
prevailed
so
far
,
as
to
insult
over
the
English
as
their
Slaves
,
sitting
idle
and
abusing
their
Wives
and
Daughters
at
pleasure
,
whilest
the
others
only
labour'd
in
Tillage
,
&c.
so
that
they
were
generally
termed
Lord-Danes
(
whence
to
this
day
we
call
an
Idle-pack
,
a
Lurdan
)
whereupon
King
Ethelred
to
shake
off
their
yoak
,
granted
a
secret
Commission
to
all
parts
of
his
Realm
,
that
at
such
a
prefixt
time
they
should
Massacre
all
the
Danes
,
which
was
performed
(
and
,
as
't
is
said
,
altogether
by
the
women
)
on
the
thirteenth
of
November
,
1002.
But
this
(
like
to
violent
Physick
)
did
more
harm
than
good
;
for
herewith
the
Danes
more
exasperated
,
came
over
in
greater
numbers
,
and
at
last
Canutus
(
by
aid
of
the
treacherous
Edrick
against
King
Edmund
,
surnamed
Ironside
,
whom
he
perfidiously
slew
)
obtained
the
whole
Kingdom
,
and
as
the
first
Danish
Monarch
,
was
crowned
at
London
in
the
year
1017.
He
made
many
good
Laws
,
as
that
the
Sabbath
should
be
strictly
observed
(
for
now
the
Danes
were
converted
:
)
That
the
Communion
should
be
received
thrice
a
year
;
and
that
a
Woman
convicted
of
Adultery
,
should
have
her
Nose
and
Ears
cut
off
;
whence
,
perhaps
,
our
jealous
Wives
custom
of
marking
such
as
they
suppose
to
be
their
Husbands
Harlots
,
may
take
original
.
This
Princes
Flatterers
would
tell
him
his
power
was
more
than
Humane
(
indeed
he
was
a
mighty
Monarch
.
)
To
reprove
their
vanity
,
being
at
Southampton
,
he
caused
his
Chair
of
State
to
be
set
on
the
Sand
at
young
Flood
,
and
said
in
a
Majestick
tone
to
the
approaching
Element
,
I
charge
thee
that
thou
presume
not
to
flow
any
higher
,
nor
wet
my
Royal
Robes
;
but
the
stubborn
Ocean
continuing
its
course
,
wet
first
his
Skirt
,
and
next
himself
up
to
the
middle
,
whereupon
arising
(
as
it
was
but
time
)
in
haste
,
he
said
in
presence
of
them
all
,
You
see
how
vain
is
the
Power
of
mortal
Kings
,
and
that
none
is
worthy
of
your
Applause
,
but
he
who
made
and
keeps
both
Heaven
,
Earth
,
and
Sea
in
Awe
.
This
Canutus
dying
,
left
his
Kingdom
of
Norway
to
his
eldest
Son
Sweyne
,
and
to
Hardiknute
England
,
but
he
being
absent
,
one
Harold
,
an
elder
Brother
by
a
former
wife
succeeds
for
four
years
,
and
then
dying
without
Issue
,
Hardiknute
is
invited
over
,
and
accepts
the
Crown
in
the
year
1040.
being
surnamed
for
his
Gluttony
Swynesmouth
.
Nor
was
his
End
unlike
his
Life
,
for
soon
after
he
fell
down
dead
in
a
solemn
Banquet
at
Lambeth
.
After
him
succeeded
Edward
,
surnamed
the
Confessor
,
but
not
of
the
Danish
Line
,
but
Son
to
King
Ethelred
by
his
wife
Queen
Emma
,
crowned
on
Easter
Day
,
1042
,
he
was
after
his
Fathers
Death
bred
up
in
Normandy
,
where
grew
the
acquaintance
between
him
and
Duke
William
,
and
thence
at
forty
years
of
Age
was
sent
for
,
to
take
the
English
Crown
;
a
Prince
very
diligent
in
compiling
a
Body
of
Laws
,
and
adjusting
the
forms
of
Process
and
Pleadings
;
he
was
the
first
that
exercised
the
Gift
(
ever
since
inherent
in
our
English
Kings
)
of
Healing
the
Disease
called
the
Evil
,
by
Touching
;
and
,
't
is
said
,
suspecting
his
Mother
of
Incontinency
,
put
her
to
the
tryal
by
Ordeal
,
which
was
to
pass
blindfold
and
barefooted
over
nine
Plow-Shares
red-hot
laid
in
unequal
distance
,
which
she
in
testimony
of
her
Innocency
perform'd
unhurt
.
After
he
had
reign'd
23
years
and
six
months
,
he
ended
his
life
in
the
Painted
Chamber
at
Westminster
,
leaving
behind
him
no
Issue
;
though
he
had
designed
Edgar
Grandson
of
Edmund
Ironside
to
succeed
,
but
he
being
young
,
Harold
the
Son
of
Earl
Goodwin
justled
him
beside
the
Throne
,
and
filled
the
place
in
his
stead
,
it
being
said
,
That
King
Edward
before
his
Death
had
appointed
the
Crown
variously
,
sometimes
to
William
Duke
of
Normandy
,
sometimes
to
the
said
Edgar
,
and
sometimes
to
this
Harold
,
who
being
upon
the
place
,
and
a
very
Martial
Man
,
counting
his
Right
equal
to
either
of
theirs
,
was
easily
induced
by
kindness
to
himself
to
prefer
it
before
them
both
,
and
so
took
upon
him
the
Crown
,
which
yet
he
enjoyed
but
nine
months
,
and
that
with
great
trouble
,
and
then
was
slain
by
William
of
Normandy
.
It
seems
the
Family
was
unfortunate
,
or
rather
justly
punished
for
their
sins
,
for
his
Father
Earl
Goodwin
having
caused
King
Edwards
Brother
to
be
murdered
,
it
happened
many
years
after
,
as
he
sate
at
Dinner
with
the
King
in
Windsor-Castle
,
the
Kings
Cup-bearer
stumbled
,
&
not
without
much
difficulty
,
recovered
himself
from
falling
,
whereupon
the
Earl
laught
heartily
,
and
said
,
There
one
Brother
helped
the
other
,
meaning
one
Leg
supported
the
other
,
which
the
King
observing
,
said
,
Yea
,
and
so
my
Brother
Alfred
might
have
lived
to
have
assisted
me
,
had
it
not
been
for
Earl
Goodwin
.
Whereupon
the
Earl
to
excuse
himself
,
wisht
if
he
were
not
innocent
of
that
Princes
death
,
a
piece
of
Bread
he
was
going
to
swallow
might
choak
him
,
with
which
he
was
choaked
indeed
,
and
fell
down
dead
at
the
Table
;
and
shortly
after
all
his
Lands
in
Kent
were
eaten
up
and
swallowed
by
the
Sea
,
being
that
dangerous
Coast
,
which
from
his
Name
to
this
day
is
called
Goodwin's
Sands
.
CHAP.
II
.
Of
William
the
Conquerour
.
WIlliam
the
Natural
Son
of
Robert
Duke
Normandy
,
by
Arlotte
a
Skinners
Daughter
(
from
whom
,
't
is
thought
,
such
kind
Souls
are
called
Harlots
)
on
pretence
of
a
gift
of
the
Crown
from
Edward
the
Confessor
his
Kinsman
,
invades
England
with
a
great
Navy
,
and
threescore
thousand
men
,
landing
at
Pemsey
in
Sussex
;
and
on
the
fourteenth
of
October
in
the
year
,
1066.
after
a
fierce
and
bloody
fight
,
(
wherein
he
himself
had
three
Horses
killed
under
him
)
vanquishes
and
kills
Harold
the
then
usurping
King
of
England
,
and
is
crowned
King
,
taking
an
Oath
to
observe
King
Edward's
Laws
,
&c.
In
the
first
year
of
his
Reign
he
laid
a
grievous
Tax
on
his
Subjects
,
seized
on
the
Money
and
Plate
of
the
Religious
Houses
,
and
that
he
might
know
what
every
man
was
worth
,
caused
a
particular
Account
of
all
Estates
to
be
taken
and
recorded
,
called
Doomsday-Book
.
He
caused
all
Pleas
to
be
in
French
,
and
instituted
the
Four
Terms
,
whereas
Controversies
before
were
decided
monthly
in
the
Hundred
Courts
.
In
the
third
year
of
his
Reign
was
so
great
a
Famine
,
that
men
were
forced
to
eat
Horfes
,
Dogs
,
Cats
,
Rats
,
and
all
sorts
of
Vermine
and
Carrion
.
In
his
thirteenth
year
he
subdued
Wales
,
having
before
made
Malcome
King
of
Scots
do
him
Homage
.
In
his
time
Pope
Gregory
the
Seventh
first
ordained
that
Priests
should
have
no
more
Wives
,
and
such
as
had
them
already
,
should
either
be
divorced
or
lose
their
Benefices
.
His
eldest
Son
Robert
,
whom
he
had
left
behind
in
Normandy
,
by
the
counsel
and
aid
of
Philip
King
of
France
,
invades
and
endeavours
to
usurp
that
Dukedom
against
his
Father
in
his
life
,
who
had
promised
him
the
same
after
his
death
.
At
which
King
William
being
grievously
enraged
,
went
over
and
gave
him
Battel
,
in
which
it
fortun'd
,
that
Robert
unawares
encountred
singly
with
his
Father
,
and
beat
him
down
to
the
ground
;
but
then
knowing
him
by
his
voice
,
flung
himself
from
his
Horse
at
his
feet
,
begging
his
Pardon
,
which
the
King
readily
granted
;
so
they
were
reconciled
:
yet
't
is
observed
,
that
Robert
did
never
thrive
after
this
unnatural
Rebellion
,
but
died
,
as
we
shall
see
afterwards
,
most
miserably
.
This
King
being
much
delighted
in
Hunting
,
made
New
Forrest
in
Hampshire
,
(
casting
down
and
depopulating
six
and
twenty
fair
Towns
,
many
Churches
,
and
fourscore
Religious
Houses
for
the
space
of
thirty
miles
for
that
purpose
;
which
he
stockt
with
wild
Beasts
,
making
sharp
.
Laws
for
the
maintainance
and
encrease
of
the
same
;
but
we
may
take
notice
,
he
had
two
Sons
came
to
untimely
ends
in
that
very
Forrest
,
viz.
Richard
in
his
own
life
time
,
and
William
Rufus
afterwards
.
Being
engaged
in
a
War
with
France
,
by
heat
and
leaping
a
Ditch
on
Horse-back
he
fell
into
a
sickness
,
and
died
at
Roan
the
ninth
of
September
,
1687.
having
reign'd
twenty
years
and
near
eleven
months
,
leaving
three
Sons
,
Robert
to
whom
he
gave
Normandy
,
William
whom
he
appointed
King
of
England
,
Henry
to
whom
he
gave
five
thousand
pound
in
money
,
though
afterwards
he
got
to
be
King
,
and
one
daughter
named
Adela
,
married
to
Stephen
Earl
of
Blois
,
and
Mother
to
Stephen
afterwards
King
.
He
was
buried
at
Caen
in
Normandy
,
but
when
his
Corps
was
just
ready
to
be
interr'd
,
one
Anselm
Fitz-Arthur
interrupted
it
,
alleading
the
Ground
was
the
Floor
of
his
Fathers
House
,
unjustly
wrested
from
him
by
this
King
William
,
so
that
they
were
forced
to
give
him
an
hundred
pound
for
Composition
before
they
could
bury
him
.
Thus
Conquerours
who
think
the
world
too
little
for
themselves
living
,
can
scarce
get
room
for
a
Grave
when
Dead
.
't
is
recorded
for
certain
,
That
the
very
same
day
he
died
at
Roan
,
his
death
was
known
at
Rome
,
being
a
thousand
Miles
off
.
A
little
before
his
death
there
happened
a
terrible
Fire
in
London
,
consuming
all
along
from
Algate
to
Ludgate
;
and
likewise
in
his
time
a
great
Lord
sitting
at
a
Feast
,
was
set
upon
by
Mice
,
and
though
he
were
removed
from
Land
to
Sea
,
and
from
Sea
to
Land
,
yet
the
Mice
still
followed
him
,
and
at
last
devoured
him
.
CHAP.
III
.
The
Life
and
Reign
of
William
Rufus
.
WIlliam
the
second
of
that
name
,
sirnamed
Rufus
(
that
is
to
say
the
Red
)
was
crowned
the
fifth
of
October
1087.
He
was
a
younger
Son
,
but
had
the
Crown
bequeathed
him
by
his
Fathers
Will
:
yet
his
elder
Brother
Robert
endeavours
by
Arms
to
recover
it
from
him
,
till
William
complied
and
consented
to
pay
him
three
thousand
Marks
a
year
during
his
life
,
and
leave
him
the
Kingdom
after
his
own
decease
;
which
agreement
put
a
period
at
present
to
their
difference
:
and
the
said
Duke
Robert
making
an
Expedition
with
Godfry
of
Bullen
to
Jerusalem
to
recover
the
Holy
Land
from
Infidels
,
pawned
his
Dutchy
of
Normandy
to
his
Brother
King
William
for
6666
pounds
,
or
as
some
write
,
for
twelve
thousand
and
six
hundred
pound
,
which
was
so
vast
a
sum
in
those
dayes
,
that
't
is
said
,
he
laid
a
grievous
Imposition
,
so
that
Bishops
melted
their
Plate
,
and
the
Temporal
Lords
spoiled
their
Tenants
to
raise
it
.
This
King
had
Wars
with
Malcome
King
of
Scotland
,
and
slew
him
and
his
Eldest
Son
,
which
was
so
grievous
to
Margaret
Queen
of
Scots
,
his
Wife
,
that
she
dyed
for
grief
.
This
Margaret
was
a
most
Vertuous
and
Pious
Lady
,
and
the
first
that
caused
a
barbarous
custome
of
Scotland
to
be
abrogated
,
viz.
That
when
a
man
married
,
his
Lord
should
lye
the
first
night
with
his
Bride
;
which
Custom
,
by
her
endeavours
,
was
altered
to
a
Payment
in
money
.
He
also
made
an
absolute
Conquest
of
Wales
,
and
slew
Rees
the
last
Welch
King
.
He
built
Westminster
Hall
,
and
when
't
was
finish'd
found
great
fault
because
it
was
too
little
,
and
intended
to
have
built
one
much
larger
.
He
was
a
Prince
of
great
Courage
,
insomuch
that
being
to
cross
the
Sea
into
Normandy
,
to
relieve
his
City
of
Nants
,
then
besieged
;
the
Sea-men
being
afraid
to
venture
because
of
the
tempestuous
weather
,
he
forc'd
them
to
put
out
,
saying
,
He
never
heard
of
any
King
that
was
drowned
.
His
Chamberlain
having
once
bought
him
a
pair
of
new
Hose
,
he
ask'd
what
they
cost
,
and
being
told
three
shillings
,
began
to
storm
,
asking
if
he
thought
those
of
three
shillings
fit
for
a
King
to
wear
?
Get
thee
gone
(
saith
he
)
and
let
me
have
a
pair
of
a
Mark
:
His
Chamberlain
went
,
and
bringing
him
another
pair
scarce
so
good
as
the
former
,
and
telling
him
they
cost
a
Mark
;
I
marry
(
saith
the
King
)
They
are
something
like
:
and
was
better
satisfied
with
hearing
what
they
cost
,
than
with
seeing
what
they
were
worth
.
More
prudent
was
his
Reply
,
when
there
being
a
rich
Abbey
vacant
,
two
Monks
came
to
him
suing
for
the
Place
,
offering
great
Sums
,
and
each
of
them
out-bidding
another
;
Whereupon
the
King
looking
about
,
and
spying
another
Monk
standing
not
far
off
,
ask'd
him
what
he
would
give
to
be
made
Abbot
of
such
a
Place
?
who
answering
,
he
neither
had
any
thing
to
give
,
nor
would
he
give
any
thing
if
he
had
it
.
Well
(
said
the
King
)
thou
hast
spoken
honestly
,
and
deserv'st
it
better
than
either
of
these
,
and
so
gave
it
him
for
nothing
.
It
was
his
common
saying
,
That
even
God
himself
was
obliged
by
his
Word
,
and
yet
he
himself
was
often
observed
not
to
keep
his
word
.
He
is
noted
to
have
been
very
Covetous
,
and
too
much
Irreligious
,
and
some
say
very
lascivious
;
which
last
may
perhaps
be
the
more
excusable
,
because
he
was
never
married
.
He
Reigned
twelve
years
,
and
some
odd
months
,
and
then
being
hunting
in
New
Forrest
,
Sir
Walter
Tyrel
his
Bow-bearer
shooting
at
a
Deer
,
the
Arrow
glanced
against
a
Tree
,
or
as
some
say
on
the
Back
of
the
Deer
,
and
flying
forward
hit
the
King
on
the
Breast
,
whereof
he
instantly
fell
down
dead
,
his
body
being
drawn
in
a
Colliers
Cart
with
one
Horse
to
Winchester
and
there
buried
.
In
the
fourth
Year
of
his
Reign
,
above
sixty
Houses
in
London
were
suddenly
blown
down
by
the
Violence
of
the
Wind
,
which
was
so
great
that
it
tore
off
the
Roof
of
Bow-Church
,
and
carried
it
a
vast
height
in
the
Air
;
then
letting
them
fall
so
furiously
that
six
of
the
Beams
almost
Thirty
Foot
long
a
peice
,
were
thereby
driven
twenty
three
Foot
deep
in
the
Ground
,
London
Streets
being
then
not
paved
.
In
his
eleventh
Year
a
Well
at
Finchampstead
in
Barkshire
cast
out
Blood
for
many
Days
,
as
before
it
had
done
Water
.
CHAP.
IV
.
King
Henry
the
First
.
AFter
this
sudden
Death
of
Rufus
,
Henry
the
younger
Brother
taking
the
advantage
of
Robert's
absence
in
the
Wars
at
Jerusalem
,
took
upon
him
to
succeed
,
of
which
't
is
said
his
Father
the
Conquerour
prophesy'd
when
he
gave
him
only
a
Pension
,
saying
,
Content
thy self
Harry
,
for
the
time
will
come
,
that
thy
turn
shall
be
serv'd
as
well
as
theirs
.
However
some
time
after
Robert
returns
,
and
with
a
great
Army
lands
at
Portsmouth
claiming
the
Crown
,
but
Friends
agreed
the
Business
that
Henry
should
pay
three
thousand
Marks
a
Year
as
William
had
done
before
,
and
that
Robert
should
enjoy
the
Kingdom
if
he
survived
.
Two
Years
after
,
Robert
coming
over
again
for
a
Visit
and
being
highly
treated
,
Releases
his
three
thousand
Marks
a
Year
,
but
after
he
was
come
home
repents
,
and
declares
his
Brother
had
cheated
him
,
hereupon
Wars
arise
between
them
,
and
in
Conclusion
Robert
is
taken
Prisoner
,
and
shut
up
in
Cardiff-Castle
in
Wales
,
having
both
his
Eyes
put
out
to
prevent
his
Escape
,
where
he
lamentably
remained
near
thirty
Years
,
and
then
died
.
The
eldest
Son
of
a
Monarch
,
and
who
saw
his
two
younger
Brothers
Kings
,
yet
himself
could
never
obtain
a
Crown
.
And
't
is
observable
,
that
the
English
in
this
Battel
with
Duke
Robert
,
did
win
Normandy
the
very
same
day
fortieth
Year
that
the
Normans
had
Conquered
England
,
which
Dukedom
of
Normandy
remain'd
long
after
annext
to
the
English
Crown
.
This
Henry
was
as
great
as
ever
his
Father
the
Conquerour
was
,
and
married
his
Daughter
Mawd
to
the
Emperour
.
He
made
several
wholesome
Laws
,
and
amongst
others
order'd
,
that
Counterfeiters
of
Mony
should
have
their
Eyes
pull'd
out
,
and
their
privy
Members
cut
off
.
A
Punishment
(
as
one
judiciously
observes
)
both
less
than
Death
and
greater
.
In
his
time
the
Marriage
of
Priests
being
forbidden
by
a
Canon
,
Cardinal
John
Cremensis
was
sent
from
the
Pope
about
it
,
who
in
a
Synod
at
London
affirm'd
their
Marriage
was
no
better
than
Adultery
,
highly
applauding
Chastity
and
single
Life
,
&c.
But
was
himself
the
very
Night
following
taken
in
Bed
with
a
Common
Whore
.
More
continent
was
Thomas
Archbishop
of
York
,
who
about
the
same
time
falling
Sick
,
his
Physitians
told
him
nothing
would
do
him
good
but
to
accompany
with
a
Woman
,
who
answer'd
,
the
Remedy
was
worse
than
the
Discase
,
and
so
resolutely
perish
a
Virgin
and
perhaps
one
of
Follies
Martyrs
.
This
King
married
Mawd
,
some
Authors
call
her
Matild
,
Sister
to
the
King
of
Scots
,
famous
for
her
Charity
;
for
a
Brother
of
hers
coming
to
visit
her
one
Morning
,
found
her
amidst
a
Company
of
Lame
People
,
dressing
their
Ulcers
and
Sores
,
and
then
Kissing
them
when
she
had
done
,
whereupon
he
askt
her
how
she
could
think
the
King
would
like
to
Kiss
that
Mouth
which
had
Kissed
such
filthy
People
,
to
which
she
Answer'd
,
She
had
a
greater
King
to
Kiss
,
who
She
knew
would
like
her
never
the
worse
for
it
.
By
this
Saint
King
Henry
had
two
Children
,
William
drown'd
at
eighteen
Years
old
(
with
many
others
coming
out
of
France
)
and
Mawd
first
married
to
the
Emperour
,
and
after
his
Death
to
Jeffery
Plantaginet
;
to
this
Daughter
he
caused
all
the
Bishops
and
Barones
to
swear
Allegiance
,
but
failed
in
his
Design
of
her
succeeding
him
in
the
Throne
.
He
was
Counted
very
Learned
in
that
Ignorant
Age
,
and
thence
called
Beauclarke
;
noted
for
a
very
temperate
Prince
,
and
yet
he
died
by
Intemperance
,
for
,
Surfeiting
with
eating
a
Lamprey
he
fell
into
a
Fever
,
and
died
the
first
of
December
,
1135.
Having
rained
thirty
five
Years
and
in
the
sixty
seventh
of
his
Age
.
His
Bowels
,
Brains
and
Eyes
were
buried
at
Roan
,
the
rest
of
his
Body
Stuffed
with
Salt
and
wraped
up
in
Oxe-hides
was
brought
over
and
Interr'd
at
Reading
,
being
notwithstanding
all
their
Art
most
offensive
all
the
Way
,
and
his
Brain
so
putrified
as
soon
as
he
was
dead
,
that
the
Chirurgion
that
opened
the
Head
died
with
the
noisome
Stench
thereof
.
CHAP.
V.
King
Stephen
.
NO
sooner
was
King
Henry
dead
,
but
Stephen
Son
to
the
Earl
of
Blois
by
Adela
Daughter
to
William
the
Conquerour
snatches
up
the
Crown
,
many
of
the
Great
men
(
notwithstanding
both
He
and
They
had
given
their
Oath
to
Mawd
the
Empress
,
King
Henries
Daughter
and
Heir
,
)
joyning
with
him
,
which
brought
mighty
Troubles
upon
the
Land
,
his
whole
Reign
being
but
one
continued
Vexation
;
for
at
last
,
when
he
grew
towards
his
last
,
we
cannot
say
he
was
at
quiet
,
being
forc'd
to
make
his
Adversary
his
Heir
,
and
leave
his
Crown
to
him
that
sought
his
Life
,
that
is
to
say
,
Henry
the
Second
,
Son
of
this
Mawd
.
His
first
Troubles
were
caused
by
David
King
of
Scots
,
who
being
Uncle
to
Mawd
,
espoused
her
Quarrel
,
and
entred
Northumberland
with
a
potent
Army
,
committing
unheard
of
Cruelties
,
in
ravishing
Maids
,
murthering
Infants
and
slaughtering
Priests
,
even
at
the
Altar
;
but
at
last
were
beaten
back
by
several
English
Lords
,
eleven
thousand
Scots
being
slain
in
one
day
;
After
this
,
several
of
the
Nobility
rebell'd
against
him
,
but
were
soon
appeased
;
then
Mawd
came
over
in
person
to
Arundel-Castle
,
and
the
City
of
Lincoln
declaring
for
her
,
King
Stephen
besieges
it
,
whither
comes
the
Earl
of
Gloucester
,
base
Brother
to
Mawd
,
to
Relieve
it
;
between
whom
was
fought
a
bloody
Battel
,
in
which
King
Stephen
(
after
he
had
perform'd
wonders
for
his
own
Valour
)
was
at
last
taken
Prisoner
,
and
sent
to
Mawd
the
Empress
,
who
kept
him
very
rigorously
in
Fetters
,
and
taking
her
progress
to
London
,
was
generally
received
as
Queen
:
Whereupon
Matild
Stephen's
Wife
petitions
for
her
Husbands
Liberty
,
desiring
only
that
he
might
lead
a
private
Life
;
which
being
rashly
denied
,
she
engages
her
Friends
to
raise
new
Forces
,
wherewith
she
gives
the
Empress
Battel
,
and
routing
her
Army
,
sets
the
King
her
Husband
at
liberty
,
who
besieges
Mawd
in
Oxford
so
strictly
,
that
she
had
no
way
to
escape
but
by
a
stratagem
;
for
it
being
a
deep
Snow
,
she
arrayed
her self
and
four
Servants
all
in
white
,
and
so
pass'd
the
Watches
undiscovered
,
but
in
such
a
fright
,
that
she
never
ventured
her
Person
again
in
Action
,
leaving
the
War
to
her
Son
Henry
,
between
whom
and
Stephen
several
Rencounters
happen'd
,
till
at
last
King
Stephen's
Son
Eustace
dying
suddenly
,
he
being
thereby
left
Childless
,
was
the
more
inclinable
to
a
Peace
,
which
was
concluded
upon
terms
,
to
hold
the
Kingdom
during
his
Life
,
and
then
the
said
Prince
Henry
to
succeed
.
From
which
time
they
lived
as
lovingly
as
a
Father
and
Son
;
but
it
was
not
long
e're
Stephen
was
taken
with
an
Iliack
Passion
and
the
Hemorrhoids
,
and
died
at
Dover
the
twenty
fifth
of
October
,
1154.
when
he
had
Reigned
almost
nineteen
years
,
and
lived
nine
and
forty
;
being
buried
at
Feversham
.
He
was
a
Prince
of
great
Strength
and
extraordinary
Valour
:
and
whereas
Ralp
the
great
Bishop
of
Salisbury
had
rais'd
himself
from
a
poor
Priest
in
Normandy
,
to
be
Chancellor
of
England
;
this
King
on
jealousie
of
his
Loyalty
,
stript
him
of
all
his
Preferments
,
and
took
from
him
forty
thousand
Marks
which
he
had
in
money
;
in
those
dayes
a
vast
and
prodigious
Sum
.
In
this
Kings
time
lived
Johannes
de
Temporibus
one
of
the
Guard
to
Charlemain
the
Emperour
,
who
lived
three
Hundred
sixty
and
one
Years
.
Also
in
his
Dayes
,
there
appeared
two
Children
a
Boy
and
a
Girl
,
cloathed
in
Green
,
but
of
a
Stuff
unknown
,
of
a
strange
Language
and
of
a
strange
Diet
,
the
Boy
died
almost
as
soon
as
he
was
Baptised
,
but
the
Girl
lived
to
be
very
old
,
and
being
askt
from
whence
they
came
she
answered
they
were
of
the
Land
of
St.
Martin
,
where
there
are
Christian
Churches
erected
,
but
that
no
Sun
did
ever
rise
unto
them
,
but
where
that
Land
is
,
and
how
she
came
hither
she
her self
knew
not
.
CHAP.
VI
.
King
Henry
the
Second
WAs
Crowned
at
Westminster
the
seventeenth
of
December
1155.
Being
a
greater
Prince
than
any
of
his
Auncestours
,
and
not
inferior
to
any
in
Christendome
in
his
time
.
For
he
had
England
,
Normandy
and
Anjou
in
his
own
Right
;
and
in
the
Right
of
his
Wife
,
the
Dutchy
of
Guyen
and
Earldom
of
Poictou
:
At
his
first
coming
to
the
Crown
,
he
made
Choice
of
Wise
and
Discreet
Councellors
,
banisht
Strangers
,
reformed
Abuses
of
the
Laws
,
and
made
many
excellent
Regulations
to
heal
the
Body
Politick
of
those
Distempers
and
Fractures
which
the
late
Wars
had
occasioned
.
He
had
married
Eleanor
late
Wife
to
Lewis
the
seventh
of
France
,
but
by
reason
of
their
nearness
of
Blood
from
him
divorced
;
with
this
Lewis
he
had
some
Differences
taken
up
at
last
by
a
Peace
,
to
render
which
more
firm
he
matcht
his
eldest
Son
Henry
not
seven
Years
old
to
Margaret
the
French
Kings
Daughter
scarce
three
.
In
the
sixteenth
Year
of
his
Reign
he
Caused
this
Henry
his
Son
to
be
Crowned
King
and
reign
with
himself
in
his
own
time
,
who
going
back
with
his
Queen
to
his
Father-in-Law
in
France
,
he
is
there
evilly
perswaded
to
oppose
his
Father
,
and
what
was
worse
,
his
two
Brothers
Richard
and
Geoffry
joyn
in
the
Confederacy
;
nor
was
the
King
of
Scots
wanting
to
assist
them
,
whence
several
bloody
Battels
in
divers
Parts
were
fought
between
them
,
in
which
their
Fathers
Arms
were
generally
blest
with
Success
.
At
last
a
Reconciliation
is
made
,
and
the
French
Kings
other
Daughter
betrothed
to
Richard
the
Second
Son
of
the
King
of
England
,
but
afterwards
his
elder
Brother
Henry
being
dead
,
because
that
Marriage
was
not
Solemniz'd
and
some
fits
of
Jealousy
,
as
if
his
Father
were
too
kind
to
his
intended
Spouse
,
Richard
falls
again
into
discontent
,
and
by
the
Aid
of
the
French
King
took
the
City
Mentz
,
forcing
his
Father
to
retreat
.
However
,
a
Peace
was
clapt
up
between
them
shortly
after
.
Besides
these
troubles
with
his
Children
,
he
had
others
almost
as
bad
with
Thomas
Becket
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
who
would
by
no
means
consent
that
Clergy-men
who
were
Malefactors
should
be
tried
before
the
secular
Magistrate
as
Lay
men
were
;
the
Contention
growing
hot
the
King
seizes
on
his
Temporalities
,
and
the
Bishop
excommunicated
the
King
,
and
fled
beyond
Sea
,
at
length
he
was
admitted
to
return
to
his
Office
,
but
still
persisting
in
his
Insolence
he
was
soon
after
by
some
Persons
murdered
at
Church
,
who
was
Canoniz'd
for
a
Saint
,
and
the
King
himself
visited
his
Tomb
,
and
suffered
Penance
there
with
a
strange
Humility
,
of
which
Saint
some
Authors
report
abundance
of
Miracles
,
but
the
greatest
I
observe
is
,
that
he
was
a
Miracle
of
Pride
.
This
King
was
the
first
that
Conquered
Ireland
,
and
't
is
thought
left
in
his
Coffers
at
his
Death
nine
hundred
thousand
Pounds
,
beside
Plate
and
Jewels
.
In
the
twenty
third
Year
of
his
Reign
it
rained
Blood
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
two
Hours
together
.
He
had
five
Sons
,
of
which
three
lived
to
be
Kings
,
viz.
John
crowned
,
and
dying
without
Issue
in
his
Life
time
,
Richard
who
succeeded
him
,
Geofry
Plantaginet
who
dying
in
his
Fathers
Life
time
left
a
Son
named
Arthur
;
the
fourth
John
,
who
afterwards
was
King
,
and
William
who
died
young
.
And
of
his
three
Daughters
were
Queens
,
Elenor
married
to
Alphonse
King
of
Castile
,
and
Jane
to
William
King
of
Sicily
.
He
died
,
as
't
is
suppos'd
,
of
Grief
,
in
the
Year
1189.
when
he
had
lived
sixty
one
Years
,
and
Reigned
near
thirty
five
,
being
buried
in
France
.
This
was
that
Prince
that
kept
fair
Rosamond
in
her
Bower
at
Woodstock
,
which
enraging
his
Queen
with
Jealousy
,
she
stirred
up
her
Sons
to
Revenge
her
Injuries
,
and
occasion'd
most
of
his
Troubles
.
CHAP.
VII
.
King
Richard
the
First
.
THis
Prince
(
for
his
valour
Surnamed
Coeur
de
Lion
(
or
Lions-Heart
)
being
Crowned
the
third
of
September
1189.
After
he
had
settled
his
Realm
,
and
provided
a
mighty
Treasure
besides
what
was
left
by
his
Father
,
resolves
on
an
Expedition
to
the
Holy
Land
,
according
to
the
Superstition
of
that
Age
,
and
sets
forth
with
an
Army
of
thirty
thousand
Foot
,
and
five
thousand
Horse
,
having
appointed
to
meet
the
French
King
in
Sicily
.
In
his
passage
being
affronted
by
the
People
of
Cyprus
,
assaults
them
,
and
subdues
the
Island
,
binding
their
King
in
Silver
Fetters
,
thence
he
proceeds
to
Ptolomais
which
was
soon
furrendred
,
and
places
a
Garrison
in
the
Town
of
Joppa
,
becoming
very
famous
for
his
Actions
in
those
Parts
.
Which
being
envied
by
the
French
King
,
he
pretends
the
Air
did
not
agree
with
him
,
and
obtains
King
Richard's
Consent
to
return
home
,
swearing
first
,
not
to
molest
his
Territories
in
his
absence
,
which
Oath
he
not
observing
,
King
Richard
was
forc'd
to
quit
his
Glorious
Design
of
winning
Jerusalem
,
to
defend
his
own
Countries
,
but
in
his
return
privately
for
the
greater
Hast
through
Germany
,
by
the
Indiscretion
of
extraordinary
Expences
is
discovered
,
and
upon
an
old
Grudg
taken
Prisoner
by
the
Duke
of
Austria
,
where
he
was
detained
fifteen
Months
,
till
an
Agreement
was
made
for
his
Ransome
at
one
hundred
thousand
Pounds
,
whereof
fourscore
thousand
was
paid
down
,
the
rest
afterwards
released
.
During
his
absence
some
disorders
happen'd
at
home
,
and
some
Mischief
done
by
the
French
abroad
;
the
first
his
Presence
rectifyed
,
to
redress
the
other
he
resolves
on
Arms
against
that
Kingdom
,
and
being
told
as
he
was
at
Dinner
,
that
King
Phillip
had
besieged
Vernoil
,
he
swore
he
would
not
turn
his
Face
till
he
was
Revenged
,
and
for
Oath
sake
caused
the
Wall
before
him
to
be
beaten
down
,
that
he
might
pass
right
forward
,
and
speeds
to
Vernoil
,
but
the
French
made
as
much
hast
to
be
gone
,
not
without
very
great
loss
and
more
disgrace
.
In
the
Process
of
his
Warrs
besieging
a
Castle
and
unwarily
approaching
too
near
,
he
was
wounded
with
a
poison'd
Arrow
in
the
Arm
,
which
enraged
him
so
that
he
presently
storm'd
the
Castle
,
and
enquiring
who
it
was
shot
him
,
one
Bertrand
own'd
it
,
saying
he
did
it
in
Revenge
,
because
King
Richard
with
his
own
hands
had
formerly
slain
his
Father
and
his
Brethren
;
the
King
after
some
Pause
gave
him
his
Pardon
and
Liberty
.
An
Art
that
shewed
(
saith
a
good
Historian
)
that
he
had
been
at
the
Holy
Land
,
or
rather
was
going
thither
.
For
he
died
of
that
Wound
,
the
sixth
of
April
1199
,
having
Reigned
nine
Years
and
nine
Months
.
In
his
Reign
were
found
the
Bones
of
Arthur
the
famous
King
of
Britain
,
in
the
old
Sepulchre
at
Glassenbury
.
And
also
there
happened
an
extraordinary
Famine
,
followed
by
so
great
and
general
a
Mortality
that
the
living
were
scarce
able
to
bury
the
dead
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
The
Reign
of
King
John
.
JOhn
Brother
of
Richard
,
on
Ascension-day
1199.
took
upon
him
the
Crown
;
but
Arthur
the
Son
of
his
elder
Brother
Geofry
Plantaginet
,
though
absent
in
the
Province
of
Anjou
,
yet
seeming
to
have
a
fairer
Title
,
by
the
Aid
of
the
King
of
France
gave
him
much
Trouble
,
till
after
several
Traverses
of
War
he
took
the
said
Prince
Arthur
Prisoner
,
who
soon
after
died
,
whether
drowned
in
the
River
Sein
,
attempting
to
make
his
Escape
,
as
some
relate
,
or
made
away
as
others
suggest
,
is
uncertain
.
After
this
,
Discord
arises
between
the
King
and
several
great
Lords
of
the
Land
,
on
Pretence
of
Grievances
,
and
to
have
the
two
famous
Charters
commonly
called
Magna
Charta
&
Charta
de
Foresta
confirmed
and
observed
,
about
which
the
Feuds
grew
to
that
height
,
that
the
Barons
sent
to
Phillip
King
of
France
,
requiring
him
to
send
over
his
Son
Lewis
to
their
Aid
,
promising
they
would
submit
themselves
to
be
governed
by
him
as
their
Sovereign
;
hereupon
Lewis
lands
at
Sandwich
,
and
is
received
there
and
at
London
,
and
Allegiance
sworn
to
him
by
many
of
the
Peers
and
Prelates
.
So
that
though
there
were
no
great
Battel
fought
between
King
John
and
him
,
yet
the
Nation
was
miserably
wasted
by
them
,
two
Armies
being
a
foot
at
once
,
each
of
them
seeking
to
prey
upon
the
other
,
and
both
upon
the
Country
.
But
before
things
came
to
this
Extremity
,
a
quarrel
happens
between
the
Pope
,
who
had
nominated
Stephen
Langton
for
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
King
John
who
opposed
him
.
The
Pope
hereupon
threatned
to
excommunicate
the
King
and
Interdict
the
Kingdom
,
which
at
last
he
did
,
and
the
Realm
remained
under
that
Curse
above
six
Years
,
during
which
time
there
was
no
publick
Exercise
of
Religion
,
no
Church
open
,
no
Sacraments
administred
,
Children
went
unbaptized
,
all
that
died
were
buried
like
Dogs
in
Ditches
and
Corners
,
but
only
such
as
had
purchased
or
procured
Licence
from
the
Pope
.
But
at
last
finding
the
Pope
too
hard
for
him
,
and
the
French
King
ready
to
invade
him
,
King
John
is
forced
to
submit
,
and
taking
off
the
Crown
from
his
head
laid
it
at
the
Feet
of
Pandulphus
the
Popes
Legate
,
who
took
it
up
and
kept
it
three
or
four
days
before
he
restor'd
it
,
all
which
time
it
might
be
truly
said
the
Kingdom
was
without
a
King
,
as
one
Peter
an
Hermit
had
given
out
,
that
before
such
a
day
there
should
be
no
King
in
England
;
which
though
in
some
sort
true
during
all
that
time
,
yet
it
being
in
some
sort
not
true
,
and
the
King
having
a
Prerogative
of
making
his
own
Interpretation
it
cost
both
the
poor
Hermit
and
his
Son
their
Lives
for
his
Prophecy
.
Some
time
after
,
the
King
coming
to
Walpool
in
Norfolke
(
during
the
War
between
him
and
Prince
Lewis
)
and
there
losing
all
his
Carriages
,
and
a
multitude
of
his
men
drowned
in
attempting
to
pass
over
,
Anguish
of
mind
cast
him
into
a
Fever
,
whereof
't
is
said
he
died
,
though
others
confidently
relate
,
that
he
was
poison'd
by
a
Monk
of
Swinesheads
Abbey
,
who
put
the
Poison
of
a
Toad
into
a
Cup
of
Wine
,
and
to
avoid
Suspition
drank
first
thereof
himself
,
whereof
they
both
immediately
dyed
the
nineteenth
of
October
12
16
,
King
John
being
aged
fifty
one
Years
,
and
having
Reigned
seventeen
Years
and
six
Months
.
He
is
noted
to
be
somewhat
Irreligiously
disposed
,
for
soon
after
he
had
made
his
Peace
with
the
Pope
,
his
Forces
receiving
a
great
overthrow
in
France
,
he
said
in
a
Rage
,
that
nothing
had
prospered
with
him
since
the
time
he
was
reconcil'd
to
God
and
the
Pope
.
Another
time
at
the
opening
a
fat
Buck
,
see
sayes
he
,
how
this
Deer
hath
prospered
,
and
how
fat
he
is
,
and
yet
I
dare
swear
he
never
heard
Mass.
He
squeez'd
all
sorts
of
his
Subjects
with
severe
Taxations
,
and
invented
strange
Ways
to
get
Money
.
About
his
time
a
Quarter
of
Wheat
was
usually
sold
for
twelve
Pence
,
and
a
Quarter
of
Beans
or
Oats
for
a
Groat
,
nor
is
the
Price
of
Silver
less
altered
,
for
then
an
Ounce
was
valued
but
twenty
Pence
,
whereas
now
't
is
five
Shillings
,
which
seems
a
Riddle
,
for
seeing
Scarcity
makes
things
dear
,
why
should
not
Plenty
make
them
cheaper
,
it
being
certain
we
have
much
more
Silver
now
than
then
?
In
his
dayes
the
Government
of
London
by
a
Mayor
and
two
Sherifs
was
first
granted
,
or
at
least
not
till
then
fully
settled
.
A
fist
was
taken
in
Suffolk
exactly
in
shape
of
a
man
,
and
kept
six
months
on
Land
with
raw
Flesh
and
Fish
,
but
then
because
they
could
not
make
it
speak
,
they
flung
it
into
the
Sea
again
.
In
Yorkshire
there
were
seen
five
Moons
at
once
,
one
in
the
East
,
another
in
the
West
,
a
third
in
the
North
,
a
fourth
in
the
South
,
and
a
fifth
in
the
midst
of
the
Element
;
and
Hailstones
are
recorded
to
have
fallen
as
big
as
Goose-Eggs
.
CHAP.
IX
.
King
Henry
the
Third
.
NOtwithstanding
the
Promises
made
to
the
French
Prince
Lewis
after
King
John's
death
,
his
Son
Henry
was
Crowned
King
,
chiefly
by
the
means
of
William
Marshal
Earl
of
Pembroke
who
had
married
his
Aunt
,
and
(
the
young
King
being
but
nine
Years
old
)
was
appointed
Protector
of
the
Realm
during
his
Minority
,
who
drew
off
divers
of
the
Factious
Lords
;
and
having
utterly
defeated
Lewises
Forces
at
Lincoln
,
and
destroyed
the
Supplies
sent
him
out
of
France
in
a
Fight
at
Sea
,
obliged
him
to
a
Composition
,
for
fifteen
thousand
Marks
,
renouncing
not
only
all
his
Pretences
to
England
,
but
also
swearing
to
restore
when
he
came
to
be
King
all
such
Provinces
in
France
as
belong'd
to
this
Crown
;
which
he
not
performing
,
King
Henry
afterwards
made
War
upon
him
,
but
without
any
notable
success
,
Troubles
encreasing
at
home
,
because
the
King
abandon'd
his
English
Lords
and
trusted
Strangers
in
his
Councels
and
grand
Offices
:
By
which
means
he
was
grown
into
such
extream
Necessity
for
Money
,
that
he
coming
to
take
up
Money
at
Loan
of
a
certain
Abbot
,
told
him
,
It
was
more
Alms
to
give
Mony
to
him
,
than
to
a
Beggar
that
went
from
door
to
door
.
And
yet
,
the
Story
says
,
the
hard
hearted
Abbot
would
not
lend
him
a
Penny
.
He
several
times
promised
the
Observation
of
the
two
great
Charters
of
the
Peoples
Liberties
,
but
yet
still
they
were
little
regarded
,
one
time
especially
they
were
confirm'd
in
the
most
solemn
Manner
that
State
or
Religion
could
devise
,
a
terrible
Curse
being
pronounced
against
all
that
should
break
them
.
The
Bishop
of
Bononia
comes
into
England
from
the
Pope
,
who
pretending
the
Kingdom
of
Sicily
was
at
his
Dispose
,
would
needs
bestow
it
upon
Edmond
the
Kings
Son
,
sending
a
Ring
to
invest
him
therewith
,
and
King
Henry
takes
it
in
so
good
Earnest
,
that
he
ever
after
calls
his
Son
King
of
Sicily
,
but
all
this
was
done
by
the
Pope
only
to
bubble
away
the
Kings
Money
,
having
drawn
him
into
an
engagement
of
an
hundred
and
50000
Marks
for
this
kindness
,
whereas
he
was
so
far
from
having
Conquered
that
Kingdom
,
that
Manfred
Son
of
the
Emperour
Frederick
had
wholly
routed
his
Holiness's
Forces
,
and
was
reestablished
there
.
Contentions
between
the
King
and
Barons
encreasing
,
a
Parliament
is
held
at
Oxford
,
called
the
Mad-Parliament
,
because
many
things
were
Enacted
against
the
Kings
Prerogative
,
which
proved
after
to
the
Confusion
of
the
Realm
and
Death
of
many
Noble-men
;
for
their
Acts
not
being
observed
,
at
last
both
Parties
betake
them
to
Arms
,
and
near
Lewis
in
Sussex
was
fought
a
bloody
Battel
,
wherein
the
Lords
prevailed
,
the
King
,
with
Richard
his
Brother
King
of
the
Romans
and
twenty
five
other
Noble-men
being
taken
,
and
of
the
Commons
above
twenty
thousand
slain
.
But
Difference
arising
between
the
two
great
Heads
of
the
Barons
,
Leicester
and
Glocester
,
the
Latter
joyns
with
the
Prince
escaped
out
of
Prison
,
and
killing
Leicester
and
routing
his
Forces
set
the
King
at
Liberty
.
Both
the
Kings
Sons
Edward
and
Edmund
undertake
the
Holy-War
,
where
the
first
carrying
his
wife
Eleanor
Daughter
of
Ferdinand
King
of
Spain
along
with
him
,
he
happened
to
be
treacherously
wounded
in
three
Places
by
a
Saracen
with
a
poisoned
knife
,
which
by
the
Surgeons
were
judged
and
had
proved
Mortal
,
if
she
in
Excess
of
Love
had
not
with
her
Mouth
suckt
the
Poison
out
of
his
Wounds
,
thereby
effecting
a
Cure
,
which
otherwise
had
been
Incurable
.
During
their
absence
,
their
Father
in
Peace
after
all
his
Troubles
dyed
,
on
the
sixteenth
of
November
,
1272.
having
reigned
fifty
six
Years
,
leaving
Sons
,
the
said
Edward
who
succeeded
him
,
and
Edmund
created
Earl
of
Lancaster
,
from
whose
Person
the
great
Contention
between
York
and
Lancaster
took
beginning
;
and
three
Daughters
one
married
to
the
King
of
Scotland
,
the
other
to
the
Duke
of
Britain
,
the
third
died
young
.
In
the
seventeenth
year
of
his
Reign
was
so
great
a
Dearth
,
that
People
were
constrained
to
eat
Horse-Flesh
and
Barks
of
Trees
,
and
in
London
twenty
thousand
were
starved
to
Death
for
want
of
Food
:
and
in
his
time
was
sent
over
from
the
French
King
the
first
Elephant
that
ever
was
seen
in
England
,
likewise
Anno
1264.
Five
hundred
Jews
were
slain
in
London
,
because
one
of
them
would
have
forced
a
Christian
to
have
paid
above
two
Pence
Usury
for
the
Loan
of
two
Shillings
for
one
Week
.
CHAP.
X.
Edward
the
First
,
by
Reason
of
his
Tallness
called
Long-shank
.
THis
Heroick
Prince
began
his
Reign
in
November
1272.
But
being
absent
in
the
Holy
Land
came
not
to
England
till
above
twelve
Months
afterwards
,
and
then
was
joyfully
Crowned
.
His
first
Attempt
was
to
restrain
the
Exorbitance
of
the
Clergy
,
by
the
Statute
of
Mortmain
,
forbidding
the
Encrease
of
their
temporal
Revenues
&c.
His
next
Enterprize
was
against
Leolyn
Prince
of
Wales
who
rebelled
against
him
,
but
was
soon
after
slain
,
and
his
head
Crowned
with
Ivy
set
upon
the
Tower
of
London
.
This
was
the
last
of
the
Welch
Princes
,
in
whose
stead
the
Country
being
wholly
subdued
,
and
King
Edward
having
a
Son
born
in
those
Territories
viz.
at
Caernarvan
,
having
caus'd
(
't
is
said
)
his
Queen
to
lye
in
there
,
on
Purpose
that
they
might
have
a
Governour
that
was
their
Countryman
,
created
him
,
viz.
Edward
that
succeeded
him
in
the
Crown
,
Prince
of
Wales
,
whence
the
Title
to
this
day
belongs
to
the
eldest
Son
of
our
Kings
.
And
now
grievous
Wars
arise
with
the
Scots
,
whose
King
Alexander
breaking
his
Neck
by
a
Fall
,
and
leaving
no
Issue
,
several
Competitors
,
but
especially
John
de
Baliol
and
Robert
Bruce
pretended
Title
to
the
Crown
,
the
Decision
whereof
was
referred
to
King
Edward
as
alledging
a
Right
of
Superiority
over
that
Kingdom
,
who
placed
the
Crown
on
the
Head
of
Baliol
,
he
doing
Homage
for
the
same
to
himself
.
But
afterwards
confederating
with
France
against
King
Edward
,
a
mortal
Dissention
grew
between
them
;
whereupon
K.
Edward
marches
towards
Scotland
,
and
wins
Berwick
not
without
the
loss
of
the
Lives
of
20000
Scots
,
and
takes
Baliol
Prisoner
,
leaving
Officers
there
to
manage
that
Realm
,
against
whom
Peter
Walleys
makes
head
,
till
Edward
in
a
second
Expedition
at
the
Battel
of
Fonkirk
kills
above
forty
Scots
,
and
seemed
Master
of
the
whole
Land
,
the
Scots
swearing
Fealty
to
him
the
third
time
,
but
to
little
purpose
,
for
then
Bruce
sets
up
for
King
,
which
so
incensed
King
Edward
,
that
he
provides
a
mighty
Army
,
and
swears
his
Son
and
Nobles
that
if
he
died
in
that
Expedition
they
should
not
bury
his
Corps
,
but
carry
it
with
them
about
Scotland
,
till
they
had
vanquisht
the
Usurper
,
and
absolutely
brought
the
Country
to
Subjection
,
but
before
his
coming
the
Earl
of
Pembroke
had
put
to
flight
the
new
King
,
with
great
slaughter
at
St.
John's
Town
,
and
our
King
had
little
to
do
but
to
cause
Execution
to
be
done
on
great
Persons
taken
Prisoners
,
no
Enemy
daring
to
appear
before
,
except
that
Invincible
Enemy
Death
,
who
here
seiz'd
him
with
a
Bloody
Flux
,
and
put
an
end
to
his
Triumphs
the
seventh
of
July
1307.
and
thirty
fifth
Year
of
his
Reign
,
having
first
(
amongst
other
things
)
charged
his
Son
on
his
Blessing
never
to
recall
his
old
Companion
in
Extravagance
Peirce
Gaveston
from
Banishment
,
that
he
should
carry
his
Bones
about
Scotland
till
he
had
subdued
it
,
and
send
his
Heart
to
the
Holy
Land
,
with
thirty
two
thousand
Pounds
which
he
laid
by
for
that
Purpose
.
In
this
Kings
time
were
all
Jews
banisht
out
of
England
,
being
above
fifteen
thousand
,
who
had
all
their
Goods
confiscate
,
he
likewise
by
Proclamation
forbad
the
burning
of
Sea-coal
in
London
and
the
Suburbs
,
for
avoiding
the
noisome
smoak
.
In
his
time
Roger
Bacon
and
Thomas
Bungey
,
two
learned
Fryars
,
flourisht
;
who
being
great
Mathematicians
,
were
in
that
Ignorant
Age
counted
Conjurers
,
whence
were
raised
the
Fables
of
a
Brasen
Head
,
and
walling
England
round
with
Brass
&c.
In
the
sixteenth
Year
of
this
King
,
as
he
and
his
Queen
sate
in
their
Chamber
in
Gascoin
upon
a
Bed
talking
together
,
a
thunder-Bolt
came
in
at
the
Window
,
past
between
them
,
and
shew
two
of
their
Gentlemen
that
stood
behind
them
.
CHAP.
XI
.
King
Edward
the
Second
.
THe
first
Act
this
Degenerous
Successor
of
a
glorious
Prince
did
,
was
to
break
his
Fathers
Will
,
by
calling
home
his
Crony
Gareston
,
on
whom
he
bestowed
most
of
the
thirty
thousand
Pounds
that
was
appointed
for
the
Holy
War
,
and
so
little
minded
carrying
the
brave
old
Kings
Bones
about
Scotland
that
it
had
been
well
he
had
suffer'd
them
quietly
to
be
laid
to
rest
in
England
,
for
after
the
Corps
had
been
kept
sixteen
Weeks
above
Ground
,
and
Langton
the
Treasurer
and
Executor
of
his
Will
was
busie
in
preparing
for
the
Funeral
,
he
caused
him
to
be
clapt
up
in
Prison
,
and
all
his
Goods
given
to
Gareston
,
and
then
very
indecently
,
before
he
perform'd
his
Fathers
Funerals
,
enters
into
a
Treaty
of
his
own
Nuptials
with
the
Daughter
of
France
,
which
were
honour'd
with
the
Presence
of
four
Kings
,
viz.
France
,
Navarr
,
the
Romans
,
and
Sicily
,
and
three
Queens
,
viz.
of
France
,
the
old
Queen
of
England
,
and
Queen
of
Navarr
,
and
yet
Gareston
exceeded
them
all
in
Bravery
,
who
wholly
possessing
the
Kings
Affections
the
Lords
caus'd
him
several
times
to
be
banisht
,
and
the
King
as
oft
call'd
him
Home
again
:
Insomuch
that
the
Lords
at
last
took
Arms
,
and
suprizing
the
said
Gareston
in
Scarborough-Castle
,
cut
off
his
Head
,
whose
Body
the
King
caused
to
be
nobly
buried
,
and
built
a
Monastery
on
Purpose
to
pray
for
his
Soul
.
He
was
the
Son
of
an
ordinary
French
Gentleman
,
of
an
excellent
Personage
,
and
very
witty
,
but
exceeding
debaucht
.
And
now
Bruce
King
of
Scotland
understanding
this
King
Edward's
easie
Temper
,
takes
Heart
,
and
not
only
reduced
all
Scotland
but
entred
England
,
burning
Towns
&c.
At
last
King
Edward
raises
an
Army
,
but
like
himself
,
fitter
for
a
Court
than
a
Camp
;
many
men
and
great
Bravery
,
but
no
Souldiers
;
and
accordingly
they
speed
,
for
though
his
Army
consisted
of
one
hundred
thousand
men
,
thirty
thousand
Scots
routed
them
at
the
fatal
Battel
of
Bannocks-Borough
,
and
as
Hector
Boetius
will
have
it
kill'd
fifty
thousand
of
them
;
and
afterwards
were
Masters
of
the
Land
as
farr
as
York
:
so
that
after
several
Disasters
the
King
was
forced
to
make
Truce
with
them
for
fifteen
Years
.
After
this
he
becomes
to
dote
on
two
other
Favourites
,
one
Spencer
and
his
Father
,
as
much
as
ever
he
did
on
Gareston
.
And
much
more
mischief
came
of
it
;
for
the
Lords
striving
to
remove
them
by
force
,
and
being
defeated
,
the
Earl
of
Lancaster
and
above
twenty
of
the
greatest
men
in
the
Realm
are
put
to
Death
.
Then
the
Queen
affronted
by
the
said
Spencer
goes
over
into
France
with
a
Gallant
,
One
Mortimer
,
and
refusing
to
come
back
is
banisht
,
but
then
like
a
true
Woman
she
will
come
back
,
and
to
their
Costs
;
for
she
comes
with
an
Army
,
frights
the
King
from
London
into
Wales
,
where
he
is
taken
with
his
Spencers
,
Father
and
Son
,
which
last
are
hang'd
drawn
and
quarter'd
,
and
himself
that
Winter
kept
Prisoner
till
Christmass
,
and
then
deposed
,
and
made
to
resign
his
Crown
,
when
he
had
Reign'd
almost
nineteen
Years
.
He
lived
but
half
a
Year
after
his
Deposing
,
being
by
Means
of
the
Queens
pestilent
Councellors
hurried
from
Place
to
Place
,
in
particular
carrying
him
to
Barkley-Castle
:
To
the
End
he
should
not
be
known
,
they
shaved
his
Head
and
Beard
in
a
most
insolent
Manner
,
for
taking
him
from
his
Horse
,
they
set
him
on
a
Hillock
,
and
taking
puddle-water
out
of
the
next
Ditch
went
to
wash
him
,
telling
him
,
cold
Water
must
serve
for
this
time
,
whereat
the
miserable
King
looking
sternly
upon
them
,
said
he
would
have
warm
Water
to
wash
him
whether
they
would
or
no
;
and
to
make
good
his
Word
presently
shed
a
shower
of
Tears
.
In
the
said
Castle
after
several
hardships
he
was
by
his
inhumane
Keepers
murdered
,
being
first
stifled
in
his
Bed
,
and
afterwards
a
red
hot
Iron
thrust
thorow
a
Pipe
up
into
his
fundament
,
that
it
might
not
be
discovered
.
In
the
eighth
Year
of
his
Reign
was
so
terrible
a
Famine
that
Dogs
and
Horses
were
eaten
,
and
Thieves
in
Prison
pluckt
such
as
were
new
brought
in
to
pieces
,
and
devour'd
them
half
alive
,
which
occasion'd
such
a
Pestilence
that
the
living
were
scarce
able
to
bury
the
dead
.
And
in
his
time
digging
the
Foundation
of
a
Work
about
Pauls
,
an
hundred
Heads
of
Oxen
and
Kine
were
found
,
which
confirm'd
the
Opinion
,
that
in
the
old
time
the
same
had
been
a
Temple
of
Jupiter
or
Diana
,
where
was
Sacrifice
of
Beasts
.
And
then
lived
Sir
John
Mandevile
the
great
Traveller
,
a
Doctor
in
Physick
.
CHAP.
XII
.
King
Edward
the
Third
.
AFter
the
deposing
of
the
Father
,
Edward
the
Son
is
proclaimed
King
,
the
seventeenth
of
January
1327.
But
being
not
above
fifteen
Years
of
Age
,
during
his
Minority
Affairs
were
managed
by
the
old
Queen
and
her
Friend
Mortimer
,
who
conclude
a
dishonourable
Peace
with
the
Scots
,
and
a
Match
between
David
Bruce
the
Scots
King's
Son
,
but
seven
Years
old
,
and
our
Kings
Sister
,
not
so
much
.
But
in
the
third
Year
of
his
Reign
the
Queen
by
the
Parliament
is
confined
to
a
Castle
,
where
she
remain'd
thirty
Years
,
till
her
Death
,
with
whom
just
ready
to
go
to
bed
,
was
taken
Mortimer
by
the
King
in
Person
,
and
several
Lords
,
who
being
charged
amongst
other
Crimes
with
being
too
familiar
with
the
Queen
,
and
betraying
the
Realm
,
was
drawn
to
Tyburn
and
there
hang'd
up
,
his
Body
remaining
an
opprobrious
Spectacle
for
all
Beholders
.
About
this
time
a
Title
to
the
Crown
and
Kingdom
of
France
fell
to
this
King
Edward
.
For
Charles
the
French
King
dying
without
Issue
,
it
came
to
him
as
being
the
Son
of
Isabel
Sister
to
the
said
Charles
,
but
they
alleadging
the
Salick
Law
excluded
all
Females
,
and
such
as
claim
under
them
from
the
Crown
,
set
up
Phillip
Valois
King
,
as
being
though
more
remote
,
yet
descended
of
a
Masculine
Line
,
and
King
Edward
had
yet
no
Leisure
to
dispute
it
,
being
engaged
in
Scotland
on
the
behalf
of
young
Baliol
,
with
whom
he
joined
to
recover
that
Kingdom
from
the
Usurper
David
Bruce
,
though
his
Brother
in
Law
;
and
in
a
Battel
at
Hallidown-Hill
slow
thirty
thousand
Scots
,
establishing
Baliol
in
the
Throne
upon
Homage
perform'd
,
all
which
time
Bruce
and
his
Wife
remained
in
France
.
Having
secured
that
troublesome
and
dangerous
back
Door
,
he
takes
upon
himself
the
Title
and
Arms
of
King
of
France
;
and
having
destroy'd
a
Navy
of
two
hundred
Ships
that
lay
to
hinder
his
Passage
,
and
slain
therein
thirty
thousand
men
,
he
entred
France
with
an
Army
of
fifty
five
thousand
,
and
besieged
Turnay
,
but
a
Truce
was
concluded
for
the
present
.
However
,
about
two
Years
after
,
King
Edward
goes
again
over
with
the
black
Prince
his
Son
then
but
fifteen
Years
of
Age
,
and
takes
Harfleur
,
the
City
of
Caen
,
and
divers
other
Cities
,
marching
through
the
several
Provinces
at
his
Pleasure
,
till
having
much
weakned
&
lessen'd
the
number
of
his
men
,
being
then
above
thirty
thousand
,
the
French
King
with
an
Army
of
above
sixty
thousand
gives
him
Battel
at
Cressy
,
but
is
totally
routed
,
having
thirty
thousand
men
slain
,
and
King
Phillip
himself
forc'd
to
fly
in
the
Night
to
Bray
,
where
the
Guards
asking
,
who
goes
there
?
He
answered
mournfully
,
the
Fortune
of
France
;
and
being
known
by
his
Voice
was
received
into
the
Town
with
the
Tears
and
Lamentations
of
his
People
,
this
memorable
Victory
was
obtained
on
Bartholomew
day
1346.
And
soon
after
,
Calice
is
taken
.
In
the
mean
time
David
King
of
Scots
invaded
England
with
an
Army
of
sixty
thousand
,
but
by
several
Lords
and
the
Queen
in
Person
is
routed
at
Nevils-Cross
in
the
Bishoprick
,
fifteen
thousand
of
his
men
slain
,
and
he
himself
taken
Prisoner
and
brought
to
London
.
Phillip
the
French
King
dying
,
his
Son
John
succeeds
;
and
Edward
the
black
Prince
then
grown
up
,
having
made
great
Hayock
in
France
,
at
last
happens
the
famous
Battel
of
Poyctiers
,
the
nineteenth
of
September
1357.
The
English
were
not
above
ten
,
some
say
but
six
thousand
,
and
those
weak
and
weary
;
but
the
French
above
threescore
thousand
,
so
that
the
Prince
was
content
to
have
surrendred
what
Places
he
had
got
;
but
nothing
would
serve
the
French
King
,
but
he
must
,
as
vanquished
,
render
himself
and
his
Army
to
his
Discretion
;
whereupon
he
rather
chuses
to
fight
him
,
which
she
did
so
successfully
,
that
he
utterly
defeated
that
vast
Army
,
kill'd
above
two
thousand
persons
of
Quality
,
and
took
King
John
himself
and
divers
Lords
Prisoners
,
who
was
brought
over
into
England
,
to
keep
company
with
his
Friend
David
King
of
Scotland
,
who
both
with
King
Edward
and
the
Prince
,
dined
altogether
at
the
Lord
Mayors
;
and
for
this
Victory
,
a
Thanksgiving
was
appointed
throughout
all
England
for
eight
dayes
together
.
The
French
King
was
afterwards
Ransomed
for
three
Millions
of
Crowns
of
Gold
,
and
the
Black
Prince
goes
into
Spain
,
and
with
one
Battel
with
thirty
thousand
against
an
hundred
thousand
men
,
puts
Peter
King
of
Castile
into
possession
of
his
Kingdom
,
from
whence
he
had
been
lately
driven
by
the
French
and
Arragonians
;
but
returning
from
thence
dies
,
to
the
great
grief
of
King
Edward
his
Father
,
who
not
long
after
,
viz.
the
21
of
June
1377.
died
himself
,
in
the
sixty
fourth
year
of
his
Age
,
and
two
and
fiftieth
of
his
Reign
.
In
his
time
happened
a
grievous
Pestilence
,
which
continued
eight
or
nine
years
,
and
for
some
time
so
great
,
that
in
London
between
January
and
July
died
57374
persons
,
and
in
Yarmouth
in
one
year
7052.
In
the
eleventh
year
of
his
Reign
was
so
great
a
Plenty
,
that
a
Quarter
of
Wheat
was
sold
for
two
shillings
,
a
fat
Ox
for
a
Noble
,
a
fat
Sheep
for
six
Pence
,
and
a
Pig
for
a
Penny
.
He
was
buried
in
Westminster
Church
,
where
the
Sword
he
used
in
Battel
is
yet
to
be
seen
,
being
eight
pound
in
weight
,
and
seven
foot
long
.
In
his
time
lived
Sir
Jeffery
Chaucer
,
our
English
Homer
,
who
happily
turn'd
the
Groves
of
Woodstock
into
the
Banks
of
Helicon
.
This
King
left
several
Children
,
but
especially
John
of
Gaunt
,
who
married
the
sole
Heir
of
the
House
of
Lancaster
,
whose
Issue
Henry
came
to
be
King
;
and
Edmund
of
Langley
,
afterwards
created
Duke
of
York
.
CHAP.
XIII
.
King
Richard
the
Second
.
AFter
the
Death
of
King
Edward
the
third
,
Richard
the
Son
of
the
Black
Prince
,
being
by
his
Grandfather
in
his
Lifetime
declared
his
Heir
and
rightful
Successor
,
was
Crowned
July
16.
1377
,
being
but
eleven
years
old
;
Authority
was
committed
to
John
Duke
of
Lancaster
and
Edmund
Duke
of
York
his
Uncles
,
with
several
other
Lords
and
Bishops
to
Manage
the
State
.
Now
the
French
hoping
for
an
advantage
by
the
Kings
Minority
,
burn
the
Town
of
Rye
,
and
land
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
and
and
offer
Mischief
at
several
other
places
,
but
are
every
where
immediately
repell'd
with
loss
;
as
likewise
the
Scots
were
,
who
came
on
the
same
Errand
.
In
his
first
Parliament
,
Alice
Price
,
the
late
Kings
Mistress
,
was
banish'd
,
and
all
her
Goods
(
which
were
very
considerable
)
confiscated
.
In
the
sixth
year
of
his
Reign
,
happened
several
great
Insurrections
,
especially
in
Kent
,
where
a
Collector
of
Poll-money
coming
to
the
House
of
one
Wat
Tyler
a
Thatcher
,
and
demanding
a
Groat
for
his
Daughters
head
,
her
Mother
alledged
she
was
not
of
Age
to
pay
;
the
rude
fellow
swore
he
would
presently
see
that
,
and
thereupon
forcibly
turn'd
up
her
Coats
;
whereat
the
Mother
making
an
out-cry
,
her
husband
,
at
work
hard
by
,
comes
running
,
and
with
his
Lathing-staff
beat
out
the
Collectors
brains
;
and
presently
gathers
a
Rabble
,
and
ripps
up
the
ground
of
their
misgovernment
,
and
by
degrees
encreased
,
and
appeared
at
Black-heath
near
an
hundred
thousand
strong
;
whence
they
march'd
to
London
,
cut
off
the
heads
of
the
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
Lord
Chancellor
,
and
Sir
Robert
Hales
Lord
Treasurer
,
burn'd
the
Lawyers
Books
and
Writings
in
the
Temple
,
and
other
mischiefs
.
At
last
William
Walworth
,
Mayor
of
London
,
coming
to
Wat
Tyler
at
the
head
of
his
Rabble
in
Smithfield
,
kill'd
him
with
his
Dagger
,
and
immediately
the
King
comes
riding
up
,
crying
out
to
the
Commons
,
he
would
be
their
Captain
,
and
see
all
their
Grievances
redress'd
,
which
,
together
with
a
power
of
armed
men
coming
upon
them
,
made
them
forthwith
fling
down
their
Weapons
and
beg
for
pardon
,
granted
to
all
except
Jack
Straw
,
and
some
other
Ring-leaders
,
who
were
executed
.
For
this
Gallant
Exploit
Walworth
was
Knighted
,
and
the
Dagger
added
to
the
City
Arms.
The
Design
of
these
Rebels
,
as
Straw
declared
at
his
death
,
was
,
to
seize
the
King
,
destroy
all
the
Nobles
,
Lawyers
and
Clergy
,
except
begging
Fryars
,
whom
they
would
keep
to
administer
the
Sacraments
:
to
burn
the
City
,
take
away
the
Custom
of
Bondmen
,
devise
new
Laws
,
and
set
up
a
King
in
each
County
&c.
John
of
Gaunt
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
in
the
right
of
his
Wife
Constance
Daughter
of
the
King
of
Castile
,
pretends
to
the
Crown
of
Spain
,
and
goes
thither
with
an
〈◇〉
where
,
after
several
Adventures
a
Peace
is
concluded
,
on
agreement
that
Henry
the
King
of
Spains
eldest
Son
should
marry
Katharine
the
Dukes
Daughter
,
and
the
Duke
receive
ten
thousand
Marks
a
year
.
Differences
arise
between
King
Richard
and
his
Parliament
,
he
demanding
Money
,
and
they
wary
in
Granting
any
,
complaining
of
Favourites
,
and
ill
Ministers
about
him
;
insomuch
that
thirteen
Lords
were
chosen
by
the
Parliament
to
have
the
oversight
of
Affairs
under
the
King
,
but
this
the
King
soon
after
revokes
;
whereupon
the
Lords
take
Arms
,
and
after
some
Treaties
,
come
to
London
with
an
Army
of
forty
thousand
men
,
and
banish
several
Great
men
from
the
Court
.
After
this
a
Parliament
began
(
called
the
Parliament
that
wrought
wonders
,
)
the
first
day
whereof
all
the
Judges
(
but
one
)
as
they
sat
in
their
places
,
were
Arrested
;
and
sent
to
the
Tower
,
and
Sir
Robert
Tresilian
Lord
Chief
Justice
,
not
then
appearing
,
was
soon
after
found
in
an
Apothecaries
shop
,
and
hanged
at
Tyburn
.
About
his
fifteenth
year
,
on
occasion
of
a
Riot
and
some
undutiful
carriage
,
the
Liberties
of
the
City
of
London
were
seized
,
and
they
at
last
forc'd
to
pay
ten
thousand
pounds
to
have
them
restored
.
In
his
twentieth
year
,
the
King
goes
over
into
France
,
and
had
an
Interview
with
the
French
King
,
with
extraordinary
Magnificence
,
where
a
Peace
was
concluded
,
and
King
Richard
married
the
Lady
Isabel
(
not
above
eight
years
of
Age
)
Daughter
of
the
French
King
.
't
is
said
this
Journey
cost
him
thirty
thousand
Marks
.
Henry
of
Bullingbrook
,
Son
of
John
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
and
now
Duke
of
Hereford
,
being
banish'd
,
has
tidings
brought
him
into
France
,
that
his
Father
was
dead
,
and
that
the
King
had
seiz'd
on
all
his
Lands
;
Whereupon
,
aiming
at
the
Crown
,
and
being
invited
by
a
Faction
,
he
comes
back
into
England
,
pretending
only
to
take
possession
of
his
Dukedom
of
Lancaster
and
Inheritances
descended
to
him
from
his
Father
,
which
drew
in
many
to
assist
him
.
King
Richard
was
at
that
time
absent
in
Ireland
,
who
at
length
coming
over
too
late
,
was
taken
at
Flint-Castle
,
and
finding
the
Faction
resolved
to
depose
him
,
did
on
the
twenty
ninth
of
September
1399.
make
a
seeming
voluntary
Resignation
of
his
Crown
,
desiring
that
his
Cozen
German
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
might
succeed
.
After
which
,
he
was
conveyed
to
Leeds-Castle
in
Kent
,
and
thence
to
Pomfret
,
where
he
is
said
to
have
been
murder'd
by
one
Sir
Piers
of
Exton
,
having
Reigned
twenty
two
years
and
three
months
.
In
his
time
John
Wickliff
opposed
Transubstantiation
,
and
other
Errors
of
the
Church
of
Rome
.
In
his
fourteenth
year
,
on
Christmas
day
,
a
Dolphin
was
taken
at
London
Bridge
.
In
the
last
year
of
his
Reign
all
the
Bay-trees
in
England
withered
,
and
afterwards
grew
Green
again
;
and
a
River
near
Bedford
suddenly
ceased
its
Course
,
so
as
the
Channel
remained
dry
for
three
miles
space
;
which
was
adjudged
to
signifie
the
Revolt
of
his
Subjects
.
In
the
beginning
of
his
Reign
,
viz.
about
the
year
1380.
Guns
were
invented
by
a
German
Monk
,
who
beating
Brimstone
in
a
Mortar
,
cover'd
with
a
Stone
,
a
Spark
happening
to
fall
therein
,
blew
up
the
stone
;
Whereupon
taking
the
hint
from
that
observation
,
mixing
the
Ingredients
,
and
putting
them
into
a
Pipe
of
Iron
,
he
at
last
finisht
the
deadly
Engine
.
CHAP.
XIIII
.
Henry
the
Fourth
.
AFter
the
Resignation
of
King
Richard
,
Henry
of
Lancaster
assumes
the
Crown
,
as
descended
in
a
right
Line
from
Henry
the
third
his
great
Grandfather
,
yet
,
but
from
a
second
Son
of
that
Henry
,
whereas
there
was
living
Roger
Earl
of
March
Son
and
Heir
of
Philippa
,
eldest
Daughter
and
Heir
to
Lionel
Duke
of
Clarence
one
of
the
Sons
of
King
Edward
the
third
,
which
Roger
in
a
Parliament
of
the
fourth
Year
of
King
Richard
the
second
had
been
declared
and
proclaimed
Heir
Apparent
to
the
Crown
,
but
at
present
must
submit
,
though
his
Family
afterwards
obtained
the
Royal
Dignity
in
Edward
the
fourth
.
And
here
began
the
Feuds
betwixt
the
House
of
Lancaster
or
red
Rose
,
whereof
this
King
was
the
first
,
and
the
House
of
Clarence
afterwards
called
the
House
of
York
or
white
Rose
,
(
for
by
those
Badges
they
were
distinguished
)
which
caused
mighty
Slaughters
and
Troubles
in
the
Land
,
not
quite
appeased
for
near
fourscore
Years
,
viz.
till
they
both
became
united
by
Henry
the
seventh
,
true
Heir
of
the
Lancastrians
,
marrying
Elizabeth
eldest
Daughter
of
Edward
the
fourth
true
.
Heir
of
the
House
of
York
.
In
the
second
Year
of
this
King
Henry's
Reign
one
Owen
Glendour
a
Welch
Gentleman
,
but
educated
in
one
of
the
Inns
of
Court
at
London
,
raised
a
Rebellion
in
Wales
,
and
did
much
spoil
,
taking
Prisoner
the
Lord
Edmund
Mortimer
who
resisted
them
.
And
some
time
after
,
the
Piercies
,
Earls
of
Northumberland
and
Worcester
,
for
releasing
the
said
Mortimer
their
Kinsman
,
enter
into
a
Confederacy
with
the
said
Owen
Glendour
,
(
who
was
induced
thereunto
by
a
foolish
Prophecy
)
to
divide
the
Realm
between
them
&c.
But
King
Henry
fell
upon
them
near
Shrewsbury
,
and
kill'd
six
thousand
of
them
,
whereof
't
is
said
thirty
six
the
King
slew
with
his
own
hands
,
after
which
,
Glendour
fled
into
the
Mountains
,
and
being
abandon'd
of
all
,
was
famished
in
the
Woods
;
a
just
End
for
such
as
upon
the
conceit
of
ridiculous
pretended
Prophecies
,
will
venture
into
Rebellion
.
Anno
1404.
The
French
made
several
attempts
upon
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
and
other
parts
South
and
West
,
but
were
continually
beaten
off
with
Loss
.
About
this
time
was
a
Parliament
assembled
at
Coventry
,
call'd
Parliamentum
Indoctum
,
or
the
Lay-mens
Parliament
,
because
the
Sheriffs
were
commanded
not
to
return
any
Lawyers
for
either
Knights
or
Burgesses
.
The
Kings
Son
,
Prince
Henry
being
naturally
valiant
,
and
not
yet
full
season'd
,
but
drawn
away
with
the
wildness
of
Youth
and
ill
Company
,
committed
several
Extravagances
;
and
in
particular
,
one
of
his
Companions
being
arraigned
for
Felony
,
he
would
by
force
have
taken
him
away
from
the
Kings
Bench
Bar
,
but
being
withstood
by
the
Lord
Chief
Justice
,
he
stepped
to
him
,
and
struck
him
over
the
face
;
whereat
the
Judge
nothing
daunted
,
rose
up
,
and
told
him
,
that
he
did
not
this
affront
to
him
,
but
to
the
King
his
Father
,
in
whose
place
he
sate
;
and
therefore
to
make
him
know
his
fault
,
he
commands
him
forthwith
to
be
committed
;
The
Prince
,
upon
recollection
,
being
smitten
with
his
Grave
and
Majestick
words
,
obey'd
the
Judges
Sentence
,
and
suffered
himself
to
be
led
to
Prison
;
which
being
presently
told
the
King
,
he
wonderfully
rejoyced
thereat
,
as
well
that
he
had
a
Judge
of
that
Courage
,
as
a
Son
of
such
Submission
.
King
Henry
,
having
freed
himself
from
all
his
Troubles
,
makes
great
preparation
for
a
Voyage
to
the
Holy
Land
,
though
he
were
told
by
a
South-sayer
that
he
should
dye
in
Jerusalem
,
which
proved
nearer
home
than
he
imagined
;
for
being
at
Prayers
at
St.
Edwards
Shrine
,
he
was
suddenly
taken
with
an
Apoplexy
,
and
being
carried
into
the
Abbot
of
Westminster's
house
,
when
he
recovered
his
Senses
,
finding
himself
in
a
strange
place
,
he
ask'd
how
they
call'd
it
?
and
being
told
,
in
the
Abbots
house
,
in
a
Chamber
call'd
Jerusalem
;
Well
then
,
says
he
,
Lord
have
mercy
on
me
,
This
is
the
Jerusalem
where
I
was
told
I
should
dye
:
which
happen'd
accordingly
,
March
the
twentieth
1413.
when
he
had
reigned
thirteen
years
and
an
half
.
He
was
buried
at
Canterbury
.
In
the
third
year
of
his
Reign
,
in
March
,
appeared
a
Blazing
Star
,
first
betwixt
the
East
and
North
,
and
then
casting
fiery
beams
towards
the
North
.
The
same
year
,
at
Danbury
in
Essex
,
the
Devil
in
the
shape
of
a
Gray
Friar
came
into
the
Church
,
and
put
the
People
into
great
affrightment
,
the
rather
,
for
that
at
the
same
time
there
was
a
most
violent
tempest
of
Whirlwind
and
Thunder
,
that
carried
away
the
Steeple
,
and
broke
down
half
the
Chancel
,
&c.
In
the
fourth
year
of
this
King
died
the
famous
William
Wickham
,
who
from
a
poor
,
and
but
small
Scholar
,
came
to
be
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
Lord
Keeper
,
and
abundance
of
other
Preferments
.
He
built
New
Colledge
in
Oxford
,
and
the
Colledge
at
Winchester
,
discharged
all
the
Prisoners
throughout
his
Diocese
,
that
lay
in
Execution
for
debt
under
twenty
pound
;
amended
all
the
High
ways
from
Winchester
to
London
,
on
each
side
of
the
River
,
and
divers
other
Noble
Acts
of
Charity
.
The
same
year
died
Chaucer
,
and
and
five
years
after
John
Gower
(
who
lies
buried
in
St.
Mary
Overies
Southwark
)
the
two
Fathers
of
English
Poetry
.
CHAP.
XV
.
King
Henry
the
Fifth
.
HEnry
the
fifth
of
that
name
,
Son
of
Henry
the
fourth
,
was
Crowned
on
the
ninth
of
April
1412.
and
with
his
Condition
,
his
Nature
seem'd
wholly
chang'd
.
Scarce
shall
we
read
of
a
more
extravagant
Prince
,
no
where
of
a
more
brave
,
regular
,
and
noble
King
;
which
he
presently
testified
by
sending
for
all
his
old
wilde
Companions
,
and
giving
them
such
competent
Gifts
as
might
maintain
them
in
an
honest
and
temperate
course
of
Life
;
but
withal
strictly
charged
,
that
none
of
them
should
come
within
twenty
miles
of
the
Court
,
till
they
had
given
sufficient
proof
of
the
amendment
of
their
Manners
.
He
finding
himself
firmly
settled
on
his
Throne
,
began
to
revive
the
Title
of
his
Ancestors
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
which
he
solemnly
demanded
by
his
Ambassadours
,
but
was
scornfully
answer'd
;
and
't
is
said
,
the
Dauphin
(
who
in
the
French
Kings
sickness
managed
the
State
)
sent
him
a
Tun
of
Tennis-balls
,
in
derision
of
his
Youth
,
as
fitter
to
play
with
them
than
to
manage
Arms
;
which
so
incensed
King
Henry
,
that
he
vow'd
it
should
not
be
long
e're
he
would
toss
such
Iron
Balls
amongst
them
,
that
the
best
Arms
in
France
should
not
be
able
to
hold
a
Racket
to
return
them
.
Accordingly
he
crossed
the
Sea
with
an
Army
,
and
landed
in
Normandy
,
where
he
took
the
strong
Town
of
Harflew
,
and
marching
through
Picardy
,
not
having
above
seven
thousand
men
,
was
encountred
by
the
French
,
being
near
threescore
thousand
,
at
a
place
call'd
Agincourt
;
where
,
considering
the
number
of
his
Enemies
,
and
to
avoid
the
fury
of
their
Cavalry
,
he
charged
every
Archer
to
take
a
sharp
stake
studded
with
Iron
,
about
six
foot
long
,
and
pitch
them
aslope
before
them
,
removeable
by
Pioneers
,
as
there
should
be
occasion
;
which
being
provided
,
and
publick
Prayers
humbly
made
,
he
expected
the
Enemy
,
who
about
nine
of
clock
in
the
morning
with
much
pride
and
scorn
attacqu'd
him
,
but
their
horses
being
gall'd
on
the
said
stakes
,
were
put
into
confusion
,
and
thereby
disorder'd
the
rest
of
their
Army
behind
them
,
so
that
the
Victory
fell
(
with
little
loss
)
to
the
English
,
of
whom
were
only
slain
the
Duke
of
York
,
who
had
the
leading
of
the
Van
,
and
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
of
persons
of
Note
,
and
not
above
twenty
six
common
People
,
as
most
Writers
testifie
;
which
may
be
counted
(
as
Sir
R.
Baker
observes
)
rather
a
Miracle
than
a
Victory
:
for
of
the
French
there
were
slain
above
ten
thousand
.
This
Battel
was
fought
the
25th
of
October
,
1416.
King
Henry
causing
his
whole
Army
in
Array
as
they
were
to
give
God
thanks
,
by
singing
that
Psalm
of
David
,
When
Israel
went
forth
of
Egypt
,
&c.
Proclamation
being
made
that
every
one
at
the
Words
Not
unto
us
,
O
Lord
,
but
to
thy
Name
give
the
glory
,
should
kneel
down
,
and
the
Horsemen
bow
their
Bodies
,
&c.
And
at
his
return
to
London
,
shortly
after
,
where
he
was
Magnificently
received
,
gave
strict
order
that
no
Ballad
or
Song
should
be
made
or
sung
,
more
than
of
Thanksgiving
to
God
for
his
Success
,
but
without
words
of
either
disgracing
the
French
or
extolling
the
English
.
At
this
time
the
Emperour
Sigismund
came
over
to
give
King
Henry
a
Visit
,
who
was
nobly
treated
at
Windsor
,
and
admitted
to
the
order
of
the
Garter
.
The
French
attempting
to
retake
Harflew
,
and
having
blockt
up
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Syne
,
with
a
great
Navy
,
the
Duke
of
Bedford
went
against
them
with
a
powerful
Fleet
,
and
destroyed
in
all
five
hundred
Ships
,
and
relieved
the
Town
.
On
the
twenty
third
of
July
,
in
the
third
Year
of
his
Reign
,
King
Henry
went
over
again
into
France
from
Portsmouth
,
with
an
Army
of
25528
fighting
men
,
and
a
thousand
Pioners
,
and
took
the
Citties
of
Caen
,
and
Roan
,
and
indeed
went
on
victoriously
at
his
Pleasure
,
till
at
last
the
French
King
sued
for
Peace
,
which
upon
an
Interview
was
concluded
.
King
Henry
marrying
the
Lady
Katharine
,
the
French
King's
Daughter
,
and
being
appointed
Regent
of
France
for
the
present
,
and
Heir
apparent
to
that
Crown
,
which
was
confirmed
by
the
three
Estates
of
France
in
most
Authentick
manner
.
The
Lords
spiritual
and
temporal
swearing
to
be
obedient
in
all
things
to
King
Henry
as
Regent
,
and
after
the
Death
of
Charles
should
become
his
true
Liege
men
and
Subjects
.
After
he
and
his
new
Queen
had
for
some
time
been
honourably
treated
at
Paris
,
they
came
over
,
and
she
was
Crowned
at
Westminster
,
at
which
the
King
of
Scots
was
present
.
Upon
St.
Nicholas
day
1422.
the
Queen
was
delivered
of
a
Son
at
Windsor
(
that
afterwards
succeeded
to
the
Crown
)
of
whom
't
is
said
,
his
Father
,
in
a
prophetick
Rapture
,
thus
exprest
himself
,
Good
Lord
!
I
Henry
of
Monmouth
shall
small
time
Reign
and
much
get
,
and
Henry
of
Windsor
shall
long
time
Reign
and
lose
all
,
but
Gods
Will
be
done
.
Which
proved
true
,
for
the
Dauphin
,
who
had
never
consented
to
the
Peace
with
King
Henry
,
besieging
a
Town
called
Cosney
,
King
Henry
went
over
to
relieve
it
,
but
falling
sick
,
some
say
of
a
Fever
,
others
a
Pleurisy
,
and
some
think
poison'd
,
he
died
at
Bois
de
Vincennes
;
whence
his
Body
was
conveyed
in
State
to
Paris
,
thence
to
Westminster
,
and
there
Interred
,
dying
in
the
prime
of
his
Age
not
above
five
or
six
and
thirty
,
after
he
had
Reigned
nine
Years
and
five
Months
,
leaving
his
Brother
,
the
Duke
of
Bedford
,
Regent
of
France
,
and
his
Brother
the
Duke
of
Glocester
(
commonly
called
the
good
Duke
)
Protector
of
England
,
and
of
his
Sons
Persons
,
exhorting
them
to
Unity
between
themselves
,
to
be
Loyal
to
their
young
King
,
assistant
to
his
dear
Queen
,
preserve
what
he
had
got
,
and
never
make
Peace
with
the
Dauphin
untill
he
should
absolutely
submit
.
His
Queen
Katharine
afterwards
married
Owen
Teudor
an
Esquire
of
Wales
of
a
most
lovely
Personage
,
by
whom
she
had
Edmund
afterward
Earl
of
Richmond
,
who
marrying
the
sole
Heir
of
John
Beaufort
Earl
of
Sommerset
,
was
by
her
Father
,
unto
King
Henry
the
seventh
the
only
Heir
of
the
house
of
Lancaster
.
In
this
King's
Reign
Sir
John
Old-Castle
Lord
Cobbam
,
favouring
the
Doctrine
of
Wicklife
,
was
much
troubled
,
and
at
last
hang'd
in
a
Chain
by
the
middle
in
St.
Giles's
Fields
,
and
so
consumed
by
Fire
,
Gallowes
and
all
;
said
to
be
for
raising
Sedition
,
though
he
were
also
convicted
of
Heresie
,
and
thence
't
is
like
had
a
share
in
both
Punishments
.
The
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
in
a
Synod
at
Rochester
made
a
Decree
,
that
the
Holy
Scriptures
ought
not
to
be
translated
into
the
English
Tongue
,
but
't
is
recorded
,
that
shortly
after
,
his
own
Tongue
swell'd
so
big
towards
the
Root
,
that
he
could
neither
speak
nor
swallow
,
but
in
Horrour
lay
languishing
till
with
Famine
he
dyed
.
In
the
fourth
Year
of
this
King's
Reign
was
began
the
Council
of
Constance
,
where
't
was
decreed
that
England
should
have
the
Title
of
the
English
Nation
,
and
one
of
the
five
principal
Nations
of
Christendome
in
Rank
before
Spain
.
At
the
same
time
John
Huss
and
Jerom
of
Prague
were
both
burn'd
there
,
notwithstanding
the
Emperour's
Letters
of
Safe-conduct
,
and
three
Popes
set
up
all
at
once
,
were
all
three
put
down
,
and
a
new
legitimate
Pope
chosen
,
which
had
not
been
in
the
space
of
twenty
nine
Years
before
,
so
great
is
the
Unity
and
fair
the
Succession
which
the
Romanists
boast
of
.
CHAP.
XVI
.
King
Henry
the
Sixth
.
HEnry
the
only
Child
of
Henry
the
fifth
,
being
scarce
nine
months
old
succeeded
his
Father
,
whose
Infancy
being
assisted
with
good
Protectors
,
his
Affairs
succeeded
well
,
but
afterwards
began
continually
to
decline
,
till
at
last
he
lost
not
only
most
of
his
Father's
Conquests
abroad
,
but
even
his
Crown
at
home
.
His
Regent
in
France
was
the
Duke
of
Bedford
,
assisted
by
the
two
Terrors
of
the
French
,
Thomas
Montaeute
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
and
John
Lord
Talbot
,
who
caused
their
young
King
to
be
proclaimed
in
Paris
,
and
overthrew
the
Dauphin
(
who
upon
his
Fathers
Death
had
likewise
caused
himself
to
be
proclaimed
King
of
France
)
in
several
Battels
.
In
the
Year
1431.
King
Henry
not
yet
above
nine
Years
old
,
being
sent
for
over
by
the
Duke
of
Bedford
,
was
with
great
Solemnity
Crowned
King
of
France
in
Paris
,
and
received
the
Oaths
of
Homage
and
Fealty
of
all
the
French
Nobility
that
were
present
and
of
all
the
Inhabitants
of
Paris
,
and
places
adjacent
.
A
little
before
this
,
a
woman
called
commonly
La
Pucelle
de
Dieu
,
the
Maid
of
God
,
pretended
to
be
sent
by
Heaven
to
help
the
French
,
and
expell
the
English
,
and
marching
along
with
the
Armies
,
by
her
Counsel
and
Encouragement
did
the
English
much
mischief
,
till
at
last
she
was
taken
by
them
,
and
being
Judicially
condemned
for
a
Sorceress
,
was
publickly
burnt
at
Roan
.
But
on
the
fourteenth
of
September
1435
,
the
wise
and
valiant
Duke
of
Bedford
died
at
Paris
,
with
whom
we
may
say
in
a
manner
expired
the
good
Fortune
of
the
English
in
France
.
He
was
buried
in
a
stately
Monument
at
Roan
,
which
some
would
afterwards
have
had
demolisht
,
as
dishonourable
to
the
French
Nation
;
but
King
Lewis
answered
,
"
God
forbid
I
should
give
way
to
so
dishonourable
an
Act
,
as
to
disquiet
his
dead
Bones
who
living
would
have
disquieted
us
all
:
it
savours
of
baseness
to
insult
upon
a
dead
Lion
.
Soon
after
this
,
Paris
after
having
been
seventeen
Years
in
Possession
of
the
English
,
revolts
,
and
expells
them
,
whose
Example
was
followed
by
abundance
of
other
Places
.
1441.
One
Margery
Jordan
called
the
Witch
of
Eye
in
Suffolk
,
was
burnt
in
Smithfield
;
for
endeavouring
to
destroy
the
King
by
Sorcery
,
making
his
Picture
in
Wax
,
which
as
it
consumed
so
should
his
Body
wast
away
.
Then
King
Henry
contrary
to
the
advise
of
many
of
his
Lords
,
marries
the
Lady
Margaret
,
Neece
to
the
French
Queen
,
and
Daughter
to
the
Duke
of
Anjou
;
who
styled
himself
King
of
Sicily
and
Naples
,
but
had
only
the
Title
,
which
Marriage
causes
many
sad
Inconveniences
.
For
she
and
the
Marquess
of
Suffolk
(
who
made
that
Match
)
manage
all
things
at
their
Pleasure
,
and
procure
the
Kings
Uncle
the
good
Duke
of
Glocester
,
to
be
privately
condemned
for
imaginary
Crimes
,
and
some
say
murdered
,
being
found
dead
in
his
Bed
;
which
indiscreet
Act
open'd
a
way
to
the
Duke
of
York
to
pretend
to
the
Crown
,
which
he
could
not
do
during
his
Life
,
being
descended
but
from
Edmund
of
Langly
the
fifth
Son
of
Edward
the
third
,
whereas
this
Duke
Humphery
was
descended
from
John
a
Gaunt
the
fourth
Son
;
amongst
other
good
Qualities
,
't
is
said
he
was
well
learned
in
Astrology
,
whereof
he
wrote
a
special
Treatise
intituled
,
Tabula
Directionum
.
Anno
1450
,
the
Duke
of
York
begins
secretly
to
cause
disturbances
.
One
Jack
Cade
,
otherwise
called
Mortimer
,
and
pretended
to
be
his
Cousin
,
styling
himself
Captain
Mend-all
,
to
redress
Grievances
,
raised
great
Multitudes
in
Kent
,
with
whom
he
marched
into
London
,
and
passing
London-Stone
,
struck
his
Sword
therein
,
saying
,
Now
is
Mortimer
Lord
of
this
City
;
but
taking
too
much
liberty
at
last
of
plundering
,
after
some
dayes
misrule
,
he
was
driven
out
,
his
Company
dispersed
,
and
himself
taken
in
a
Garden
in
Sussex
,
though
not
yielding
till
he
was
slain
;
whose
Body
being
sent
to
London
,
his
Head
was
set
on
the
Bridge
,
and
his
Quarters
at
four
several
Towns
in
Kent
.
In
1455
,
the
Duke
of
York
,
in
hatred
to
the
Duke
of
Somerset
,
joyns
with
Richard
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
and
his
brave
Son
the
Earl
of
Warwick
and
others
,
who
levy
an
Army
,
and
fight
the
King
at
St.
Albans
,
where
Somerset
is
slain
,
and
with
him
five
thousand
men
;
the
King
himself
hurt
in
the
Neck
with
an
Arrow
,
flies
to
a
poor
thatcht
house
,
where
the
Victorious
Lords
come
to
him
on
their
knees
,
desiring
pardon
for
what
was
past
,
since
now
the
Common
Enemy
was
slain
;
To
which
the
good
King
,
being
affrighted
,
answered
,
Let
there
be
no
more
killing
then
,
and
I
will
do
what
you
will
have
me
.
Whereupon
a
Parliament
is
called
,
and
the
Duke
of
York
made
Protector
of
the
Kings
Person
,
and
the
Realm
;
but
the
Queen
soon
caused
this
Agreement
to
be
countermanded
,
and
after
some
time
Salisbury
is
kill'd
;
the
Duke
of
York
retreats
to
Ireland
,
and
Warwick
to
Calice
,
of
which
he
was
Captain
,
and
are
all
in
Parliament
attainted
of
Treason
,
and
their
Lands
and
Goods
seized
;
But
Warwick
lands
in
Kent
,
gets
the
love
of
London
,
fights
and
routs
the
Kings
Army
near
Northampton
,
and
took
his
Majesty
Prisoner
;
but
the
Queen
and
Prince
fled
into
the
North
.
And
now
in
a
Parliament
't
is
agreed
that
Henry
should
be
King
for
his
Life
,
but
Richard
declared
Heir
apparent
should
succeed
.
And
if
any
of
Henry's
Friends
should
attempt
the
disannulling
this
Act
,
then
the
Duke
should
have
present
possession
of
the
Crown
;
But
the
Queen
procures
an
Army
in
the
North
,
whom
the
Duke
of
York
meets
at
Wakefield
,
and
there
is
slain
with
three
thousand
of
his
men
;
Then
his
Son
Edward
is
left
to
finish
the
difficult
work
which
he
had
cut
out
;
first
,
he
vanquishes
part
of
the
Kings
Forces
in
the
West
,
then
marches
,
(
carrying
King
Henry
with
them
)
to
fight
the
Queens
Army
at
St.
Albans
;
but
there
they
are
worsted
,
and
the
King
released
by
his
Queen
;
but
her
Army
being
disorderly
,
London
would
not
receive
them
,
so
that
they
were
forced
to
retire
.
In
the
mean
time
the
new
Duke
of
York
strengthens
himself
,
and
coming
to
London
on
the
fourth
of
March
1460
,
is
with
great
solemnity
made
King
.
And
here
all
Writers
agree
to
end
the
Reign
of
this
King
,
though
he
lived
twelve
years
after
,
and
once
more
had
the
Sovereign
Power
,
but
it
did
not
continue
.
He
had
now
ruled
thirty
eight
years
,
left
one
Son
,
who
was
after
killed
by
Crook-back'd
Richard
,
and
so
likewise
was
the
Father
himself
,
as
we
shall
shortly
acquaint
you
.
In
the
thirty
sixth
year
of
his
Reign
it
rained
blood
in
Bedfordshire
.
About
this
time
the
Turk
took
Constantinople
from
the
Christians
,
which
has
ever
since
been
the
chief
Seat
of
his
Empire
.
And
the
Art
of
Printing
found
out
at
Mogunce
in
Germany
,
was
practised
in
Westminster-Abbey
by
William
Caxton
of
London
,
Mercer
;
Anno
1471.
CHAP.
XVII
.
King
Edward
the
Fourth
.
DUke
Edward
being
acknowledg'd
King
,
was
not
at
leisure
to
attend
the
Ceremony
of
Coronation
,
but
must
once
more
fight
for
a
Crown
before
he
wears
it
.
For
King
Henry
had
got
together
an
Army
in
the
North
of
threescore
thousand
,
against
whom
King
Edward
marcht
,
having
not
forty
thousand
,
and
therefore
being
inferior
in
number
,
ordered
no
Quarter
to
be
given
;
which
occasion'd
a
mighty
slaughter
,
there
being
slain
that
day
six
and
thirty
thousand
seaven
hundred
threescore
and
sixteen
Persons
,
whereby
King
Henry's
Army
being
totally
routed
,
he
with
his
Queen
and
Prince
fled
to
the
King
of
Scots
for
Aid
,
and
soon
after
the
Queen
went
on
the
same
Errand
into
France
;
in
the
mean
time
Edward
is
triumphantly
Crowned
the
twenty
eighth
of
June
1461.
Some
time
after
King
Henry
(
on
what
occasion
is
not
known
,
unless
led
by
the
Ill
hand
of
Destiny
)
venturing
in
disguise
into
England
,
is
taken
in
Lincoln-shire
,
and
brought
Prisoner
to
the
Tower
of
London
;
but
is
once
more
to
be
made
the
sport
of
treacherous
Fortune
.
For
King
Edward
sending
his
great
Champion
the
Earl
of
Warwick
into
France
to
treat
about
a
Marriage
for
him
with
the
Lady
Bona
Sister
to
that
Queen
,
who
having
proceeded
far
therein
,
the
King
in
the
mean
time
falls
in
Love
with
and
marries
the
Lady
Elizabeth
Gray
,
Widdow
of
Sir
John
Gray
of
Groby
.
This
odd
Action
so
far
disobliged
the
Earl
of
Warwick
at
his
return
,
finding
his
Embassy
frustrated
,
the
Lady
Bona
deluded
,
the
French
King
deluded
,
and
himself
made
the
Instrument
of
all
this
;
that
he
resolves
to
set
up
King
Henry
once
again
,
whom
he
had
before
pull'd
down
;
to
which
Purpose
he
confederates
with
the
Duke
of
Clarence
,
King
Edward's
Brother
,
but
at
that
time
affronted
;
these
raise
Forces
,
and
surprize
King
Edward
in
his
Bed
,
near
Berwick
;
but
he
soon
makes
shift
to
escape
from
them
,
and
forces
Warwick
to
fly
the
Land
,
but
,
being
invited
by
the
People
,
returns
,
and
gathers
so
great
a
Strength
,
that
King
Edward
,
unable
to
resist
it
,
is
himself
forced
to
fly
beyond
Sea
to
the
Duke
of
Burgoine
.
Now
the
victorious
Earl
of
Warwick
releases
King
Henry
from
his
Imprisonment
in
the
Tower
,
where
he
had
lain
almost
nine
Years
;
and
Edward
is
every
where
proclaim'd
a
Traitor
,
yet
by
and
by
assisted
by
the
Duke
of
Burgoine
,
lands
in
Yorkshire
,
declaring
on
Oath
,
that
he
came
only
to
recover
his
own
Inheritance
;
whereby
the
People
thought
he
meant
only
his
Dukedome
,
and
therefore
would
not
oppose
him
,
whereas
the
sequel
shew'd
he
intended
the
Crown
.
For
the
Duke
of
Clarence
being
reconciled
to
him
,
he
marches
for
London
(
Warwick
at
Coventry
being
unable
to
fight
him
.
)
Here
King
Henry
,
who
seem'd
rather
wholly
passive
than
active
in
all
these
turmoils
,
is
delivered
into
his
hands
;
and
the
Earl
of
Warwick
coming
to
Barnet
is
engaged
by
King
Edward
,
and
kill'd
,
but
not
without
ten
thousand
Lives
to
accompany
him
.
All
this
time
Queen
Margaret
was
detained
by
tempests
in
France
,
but
when
't
was
too
late
,
landed
at
Weymouth
,
but
is
defeated
in
Glocestershire
,
and
taken
,
with
her
Son
,
who
being
bold
in
his
Answers
to
King
Edward
was
kill'd
by
crookback'd
Richard
,
the
King's
Brother
.
Queen
Margaret
was
afterwards
ransom'd
by
her
Father
for
great
Sums
of
Money
,
and
the
pious
but
unfortunate
King
Henry
,
soon
after
this
Overthrow
of
his
Friends
,
struck
to
the
Heart
with
a
Dagger
by
the
said
Crookback'd
Duke
of
Glocester
.
King
Edward
being
thus
at
Peace
at
home
Anno
1474
,
goes
over
with
an
Army
into
France
,
demanding
that
Crown
;
but
the
Duke
of
Burgoine
failing
in
his
Promises
,
a
Peace
was
concluded
,
on
Condition
that
the
French
King
should
pay
fifty
thousand
Crowns
a
Year
during
the
Life
of
King
Edward
;
who
on
the
nineteenth
of
April
1483
,
preparing
for
a
second
War
with
France
for
Non-payment
of
that
Tribute
,
dyed
at
Westminster
,
leaving
two
Sons
under
age
and
several
Daughters
.
He
was
one
of
the
Goodliest
Personages
in
the
World
,
exceeding
tall
and
majestical
,
never
any
man
that
married
purely
for
Love
,
did
so
little
love
marriage
says
Sir
Richard
Baker
;
for
he
took
as
much
Pleasure
in
other
mens
Wives
as
his
own
;
being
wont
to
say
,
that
he
had
three
Concubines
that
in
their
several
Properties
were
excellent
,
one
the
merryest
,
another
the
subtilest
,
and
the
third
the
Holiest
Harlot
in
his
Realm
,
as
one
whom
no
man
could
lightly
get
out
of
the
Church
to
any
place
unless
it
were
to
his
Bed
.
The
merriest
here
intended
was
Jane
Shore
,
a
Cittizen's
Wife
,
who
afterwards
died
miserably
.
This
King
Reigned
twenty
two
Years
and
one
Moneth
,
in
which
time
though
there
were
wonderful
Slaughters
by
Wars
,
yet
two
Pestilences
happen'd
that
swept
away
more
than
the
Sword
.
CHAP.
XVIII
.
King
Edward
the
Fifth
.
THis
Prince
was
eleven
Years
old
at
his
Fathers
Death
,
but
was
never
Crowned
;
for
being
left
to
the
Care
of
his
Uncle
the
Crookback'd
Duke
of
Glocester
,
and
coming
up
towards
London
from
Ludlow
,
where
he
then
resided
,
the
crafty
Duke
first
made
use
of
means
to
have
the
Guard
attending
his
Nephew
to
be
dismist
,
and
then
seizes
on
the
Earl
Rivers
,
his
Uncle
by
the
Mothers
side
,
and
other
Kindred
,
whom
soon
after
he
beheaded
.
Having
thus
got
the
sole
Custody
of
the
King
,
the
Queen-Mother
fearing
the
worst
,
takes
Sanctuary
with
her
young
Son
the
Duke
of
York
,
and
Daughters
;
but
to
get
him
from
her
,
he
pretends
it
necessary
he
should
accompany
the
King
to
make
him
merry
,
and
after
much
resistance
prevails
with
the
Queen
to
deliver
him
;
whereupon
they
are
both
lodged
in
the
Tower
,
and
soon
after
by
some
vile
Instrument
alleadged
Bastardy
against
the
Princes
,
and
by
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
the
said
Duke
of
Glocester
is
proposed
at
Guild-Hall
as
rightful
Heir
to
the
Crown
,
which
he
is
solemnly
intreated
to
accept
,
and
after
some
hypocritical
refusals
,
does
take
upon
him
,
on
the
eighteenth
of
June
1483.
two
months
and
a
few
days
after
the
Death
of
King
Edward
the
fourth
;
the
right
Heir
being
kept
with
his
Brother
as
Prisoners
in
the
Tower
,
where
shortly
after
they
were
cruelly
murdered
by
one
Miles
Forrest
,
and
James
Dighton
,
Horse-keeper
to
Sir
James
Tyrrel
.
who
stifled
them
with
their
Bedding
,
nor
was
it
known
where
they
were
burled
,
though
't
is
thought
part
of
their
Bones
were
not
long
since
found
in
a
Wall
in
the
Tower
.
This
Sir
James
Tyrrel
was
afterwards
beheaded
for
Treason
,
Forrest
routed
away
peicemeal
at
St.
Martins
le
Grand
,
and
Dighton
detested
of
all
men
dyed
miserably
at
Calice
.
CHAP.
XIX
.
King
Richard
the
Third
.
THis
cruel
man
having
thus
usurp'd
the
Crown
,
never
enjoy'd
it
with
any
quiet
of
mind
,
but
seem'd
alwayes
haunted
with
the
Furies
of
Hell
,
and
to
bring
him
to
destruction
,
some
misunderstanding
soon
happens
between
him
and
his
old
friend
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
who
being
retired
to
his
Castle
of
Brecknock
,
where
,
at
that
time
,
the
Bishop
of
Ely
(
a
discreet
Statesman
)
was
Prisoner
,
they
laid
a
plot
to
put
down
King
Richard
,
and
bring
in
the
Earl
of
Richmond
,
who
was
fled
for
safety
to
the
Earl
of
Britain
.
This
Earl
,
only
Heir
of
Lancaster
,
they
design
to
marry
to
the
Lady
Elizabeth
eldest
Daughter
of
King
Edward
the
Fourth
,
and
so
Unite
the
two
Houses
of
Lancaster
and
York
:
But
this
contrivance
was
not
carried
so
privately
,
but
King
Richard
had
an
inkling
of
it
,
and
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
betrayed
by
one
of
his
Servants
,
is
beheaded
;
However
,
the
Design
still
goes
on
.
To
frustrate
which
,
King
Richard
,
that
scrupled
nothing
that
might
serve
or
secure
his
Ambition
,
uses
means
to
marry
the
said
Lady
Elizabeth
,
and
(
strange
to
say
)
the
Queen
Dowager
,
her
mother
,
is
prevailed
with
to
give
her
consent
.
Nay
more
,
to
smooth
the
way
,
King
Richard's
present
Wife
is
suddenly
sent
out
of
the
World
,
and
now
he
resolves
by
a
Rape
on
the
young
Lady
,
if
fair
means
cannot
effect
it
,
to
bring
her
to
his
Bed
.
But
whilst
these
things
are
hatching
,
the
Earl
hastened
by
this
news
,
arrived
at
Milford
Haven
,
with
not
above
2000
men
,
but
soon
encreased
by
the
coming
in
of
the
Country
.
To
meet
them
King
Richard
,
with
what
Forces
he
could
,
marches
forwards
,
and
at
Bosworth
in
Leicestershire
,
on
the
twenty
second
of
August
,
1485.
the
Armies
Engaged
,
where
King
Richard
desperately
fighting
was
slain
,
his
Body
stript
stark
naked
,
thrown
upon
an
Horse
behind
a
Pursivant
all
besprinkled
with
Dirt
and
Mire
,
was
brought
to
Leicester
,
and
there
buried
,
and
his
Crown
found
amongst
the
spoil
of
the
Field
,
set
upon
the
Earls
head
,
who
succeeded
,
as
by
right
of
Inheritance
was
his
due
.
CHAP.
XX
.
King
Henry
the
Seventh
.
THe
first
considerable
Act
done
by
this
King
,
was
(
according
to
his
promise
)
to
marry
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
thereby
strengthening
his
Title
to
the
Crown
.
Soon
after
happened
the
Sweating-sickness
,
whereby
many
thousands
suddenly
perished
;
the
only
Remedy
was
,
assoon
as
a
man
was
taken
to
lie
down
for
the
space
of
twenty
four
hours
,
not
provoking
Sweat
,
but
letting
the
Disease
have
its
course
,
eating
or
drinking
not
at
all
,
or
very
moderately
.
One
Simmond
a
Priest
having
a
Scholar
call'd
Lambert
Symnel
,
of
a
pregnant
Wit
and
comely
Personage
,
he
gives
him
out
to
be
Edward
Earl
of
Warwick
,
Son
of
the
Duke
of
Clarence
,
Brother
to
King
Edward
the
fourth
,
lately
escaped
out
of
Prison
;
whereas
,
in
truth
,
the
said
Earl
was
kept
close
in
the
Tower
,
getting
with
this
Upstart
into
Ireland
,
he
is
there
saluted
King
,
assisted
by
the
Dutchess
of
Burgoigne
,
who
being
of
the
House
of
York
,
bore
a
grudge
to
King
Henry
,
as
being
of
the
House
of
Lancaster
,
and
countenanced
by
the
Earl
of
Lincoln
,
who
brought
him
over
into
England
,
but
near
Newark
upon
Trent
were
routed
,
the
Earl
kill'd
,
and
Symnel
taken
,
who
was
preferred
,
instead
of
a
Crown
,
to
be
a
Turn-spit
in
the
Kings
Kitchin
.
Yet
the
Dutchess
of
Burgundy
not
discouraged
,
sets
up
another
counterfeit
,
one
Perkin
Warbeck
,
whom
she
breeds
well
,
and
instructs
to
take
upon
him
the
name
of
Richard
,
the
younger
Son
of
Edward
the
Fourth
,
whom
they
pretended
to
have
been
spared
in
compassion
to
his
youth
,
when
his
Brother
was
murdered
.
This
Cheat
not
only
deceived
the
Irish
,
but
the
French
King
believ'd
it
,
or
at
least
,
seem'd
to
do
so
;
as
likewise
the
King
of
Scots
,
who
in
his
quarrel
entred
England
with
a
puissant
Army
,
but
was
repulsed
;
and
upon
making
a
Peace
with
King
Henry
,
consents
to
banish
Perkin
,
who
afterwards
making
a
disturbance
in
Cornwal
,
is
taken
,
and
put
in
the
Tower
;
whence
making
an
escape
,
being
retaken
,
he
was
hang'd
at
Tyburn
,
there
confessing
his
true
Name
and
Parentage
.
In
the
17
year
of
his
Reign
,
his
Son
Prince
Arthur
married
the
Lady
Katharine
of
Spain
,
he
being
of
the
age
of
fifteen
,
and
she
of
eighteen
years
:
At
night
they
were
put
to
bed
,
and
lay
together
as
man
and
wife
all
night
;
when
morning
appeared
,
the
Prince
(
as
his
servants
reported
)
called
for
drink
,
which
before
he
had
not
used
to
do
;
and
being
ask'd
the
cause
,
he
answer'd
merrily
,
I
have
been
too
night
in
the
midst
of
Spain
,
which
is
a
hot
Country
,
and
that
makes
me
so
dry
.
But
five
months
after
he
dyed
,
and
Prince
Henry
(
afterwards
Henry
the
Eighth
)
his
Brother
,
by
virtue
of
a
Dispensation
,
married
his
Widow
,
as
not
having
been
carnally
known
by
his
Brother
,
though
married
to
him
.
The
Lady
Margaret
,
the
Kings
eldest
Daughter
,
married
the
King
of
Scotland
,
in
whose
Royal
Posterity
both
Kingdoms
at
last
came
to
be
united
in
the
Person
of
King
James
.
King
Henry
towards
the
end
of
his
Reign
,
grew
intent
upon
getting
of
Wealth
;
for
which
purpose
,
two
fit
Instruments
,
both
Barons
of
the
Exchequer
,
offered
themselves
;
Dudley
,
of
a
good
Family
,
and
Empson
,
the
Son
of
a
Sieve-maker
,
who
turning
Justice
into
Rapine
and
Extortion
,
by
unusual
summary
proceedings
,
did
much
harass
the
People
;
for
which
,
in
the
first
year
of
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
they
were
both
beheaded
,
and
seven
of
their
inferiour
Agents
,
called
Promoters
,
set
on
the
Pillory
in
Cornhill
,
with
Papers
on
their
heads
,
and
then
forc'd
to
ride
through
the
City
with
their
Faces
to
the
Horse-tail
,
with
the
shame
whereof
,
in
seven
dayes
after
,
they
all
died
in
Newgate
.
King
Henry
,
in
the
twenty
second
year
of
his
Reign
,
began
to
grow
sickly
,
and
afterwards
died
of
a
Ptisick
at
Richmond
,
April
22.
1508.
and
was
magnificently
buried
at
Westminster
,
when
he
had
reigned
twenty
three
years
and
eight
months
,
and
lived
fifty
two
years
.
This
King
,
in
his
eighteenth
year
,
erected
that
sumptuous
Building
,
call'd
by
the
name
of
his
Chapel
to
this
day
at
Westminster
:
and
't
is
reported
,
had
in
his
Coffers
at
Richmond
,
under
his
own
Key
and
keeping
,
eighteen
hundred
thousand
pounds
.
CHAP.
XXI
.
King
Henry
the
Eighth
SUcceeded
his
Father
,
and
was
with
much
joy
and
solemnity
Crowned
.
In
the
third
Year
of
his
Reign
a
War
was
concluded
in
Parliament
with
France
,
for
withholding
our
King's
Inheritance
,
and
the
King
of
Spain
promises
Aid
,
but
fails
therein
;
so
that
little
was
done
in
the
first
Expedition
.
But
afterwards
the
King
going
in
Person
,
besieges
the
City
of
Terwin
,
where
the
Emperour
Maximilian
fought
under
his
Banner
,
and
received
Wages
,
a
hundred
Crowns
a
day
,
an
honour
never
done
to
any
English
King
before
.
To
relieve
the
Town
with
Victuals
,
came
eight
thousand
brave
French
Horse
,
but
were
beat
off
by
the
English
,
and
glad
to
fly
so
fast
,
that
it
was
call'd
the
Battel
of
Spurs
,
as
making
more
use
of
them
in
running
away
,
than
of
their
weapons
in
fighting
:
so
that
King
Henry
took
the
Place
,
and
also
the
City
of
Tourney
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Scots
invade
England
with
an
hundred
thousand
men
,
but
by
the
Earl
of
Surrey
at
Flodden
field
are
routed
,
and
their
King
valiantly
fighting
,
slain
with
above
ten
thousand
of
his
People
.
In
May
1514.
the
Pope
being
offended
with
the
French
King
,
transferred
by
Authority
of
the
Lateran
Council
the
Title
of
most
Christian
from
him
to
King
Henry
,
which
with
great
solemnity
was
published
at
St.
Pauls
,
but
continued
not
long
in
use
.
1515
,
A
Peace
is
concluded
with
France
,
the
Lady
Mary
King
Henry's
Sister
being
married
to
the
French
King
,
who
eighty
two
days
after
,
dyes
;
whereupon
the
Lady
is
sent
for
back
,
and
married
to
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
.
Thomas
Woolsey
,
the
Son
of
a
Butcher
of
Ipswich
,
having
by
Learning
and
Diligence
got
to
be
King
Henry
the
seventh's
Chaplain
,
grew
the
grand
Favourite
of
Henry
the
Eighth
,
being
made
Arch-Bishop
of
York
,
Chancellor
of
England
by
the
King
,
and
Cardinal
by
the
Pope
;
who
to
honour
his
Brother
Cardinal
Campejus
,
coming
hither
from
the
Pope
,
sent
store
of
red
Cloth
over
to
Callice
,
to
make
his
Retinue
fine
,
and
received
him
on
Black-heath
,
in
a
Tent
of
Cloth
of
Gold
;
eight
Mules
he
had
laden
with
Necessaries
,
but
Woolsey
not
thinking
them
enough
,
sent
him
twelve
more
;
but
see
the
shame
of
Pride
!
in
Cheapside
they
overthrew
their
Coffers
,
whose
Lids
flying
open
,
instead
of
rich
Treasures
discovered
nothing
but
old
ragged
Cloths
,
broken
Meat
,
marrow
Bones
,
and
Crusts
of
Bread
,
&c.
to
the
great
Laughter
of
the
People
.
This
was
that
Woolsey
whose
Pride
used
to
write
I
and
my
King
,
and
falling
into
disfavour
had
all
his
vast
Estate
seized
,
and
was
arrested
for
Treason
,
and
thereupon
died
for
Grief
;
or
,
as
some
will
suppose
,
poisoned
himself
.
Anno
1522.
King
Henry
for
writing
against
Luther
,
by
a
Bull
from
Pope
Adrian
the
sixth
,
had
the
Title
of
Defender
of
the
Faith
given
him
;
the
same
Year
a
quarrel
happens
with
France
,
but
no
extraordinary
matters
done
.
Anno
1528.
Upon
an
overture
of
a
Match
between
King
Henry's
Daughter
,
the
Lady
Mary
,
and
the
Duke
of
Orleance
,
second
Son
to
the
French
King
,
a
question
was
started
,
whether
the
King's
Marriage
to
the
Lady
Katharine
,
her
mother
,
having
been
his
Brother's
Wife
,
were
lawful
or
not
?
upon
this
(
though
some
alleadg
other
Reasons
)
the
King
begins
to
declare
his
scruple
,
after
twenty
Years
living
together
,
the
Opinions
of
the
Universities
abroad
are
desired
,
the
King
appoints
Commissioners
and
the
Pope
sends
a
Legate
to
hear
the
Cause
,
from
whom
the
Queen
modestly
appeals
to
the
Pope
;
At
whose
delays
the
K.
being
offended
,
and
at
Woolsey
,
as
some
occasion
thereof
,
first
strips
him
of
his
Dignities
,
who
thereupon
dyes
as
you
have
heard
,
then
casts
off
the
Popes
Jurisdiction
,
passes
an
Act
that
none
should
appeal
to
the
See
of
Rome
,
and
takes
upon
himself
the
Title
of
Supream
Head
of
the
Church
.
Then
in
a
Parliament
his
Marriage
is
dissolved
,
and
decreed
that
she
should
no
longer
be
called
Queen
,
but
Princess
Dowager
,
after
which
time
the
King
never
saw
her
more
,
though
she
lived
four
Years
.
Soon
after
the
King
married
Anne
Bullen
,
and
by
her
had
Elizabeth
,
afterwards
Queen
,
born
Septemb
.
7.
1534.
between
three
and
four
a
clock
i'
th'
afternoon
;
but
after
she
had
been
his
Wife
three
years
and
three
months
,
she
was
on
a
sudden
seized
with
her
Brother
the
Lord
Rochford
,
and
four
of
the
Privy
Chamber
,
were
all
beheaded
:
who
on
her
Tryal
,
being
charged
with
pretence
of
Adultery
and
Incest
,
she
made
such
discreet
modest
Answers
,
as
seemed
to
clear
all
she
was
charged
with
,
and
so
did
all
the
rest
when
they
came
to
dye
.
However
she
was
condemned
,
and
took
her
Death
most
patiently
,
desiring
to
be
Commended
to
the
King
,
and
that
they
would
tell
him
,
His
Majesty
had
been
constant
in
his
course
of
Advancing
her
,
having
from
a
private
Gentlewoman
made
her
a
Marchioness
,
and
from
that
a
Queen
;
and
now
having
left
no
higher
degree
of
Worldly
Honour
,
he
would
make
her
a
Martyr
.
For
indeed
she
was
a
very
pious
,
vertuous
Lady
,
and
a
Favourer
of
the
Reformed
Religion
,
which
,
together
with
the
Kings
affection
to
Jane
Seymour
,
whom
he
married
the
very
next
day
,
were
thought
to
be
the
only
occasions
of
her
misfortune
.
For
though
the
King
had
cast
off
the
Popes
Authority
,
yet
he
retained
his
Doctrine
;
so
that
great
numbers
on
each
side
were
put
to
death
,
Papists
(
as
witty
Sir
Thomas
More
and
others
)
for
denying
the
Kings
Supremacy
,
and
Protestants
for
denying
the
real
Presence
,
or
holding
that
the
Sacrament
ought
to
be
in
both
kinds
,
that
Priests
might
marry
,
that
Monks
Vows
need
not
be
kept
,
that
private
Masses
were
not
useful
,
or
Auricular
Confession
necessary
;
which
points
were
called
the
six
Articles
.
By
Queen
Jane
the
King
had
Prince
Edward
,
but
she
died
in
Child-bed
of
him
.
The
Lord
Cromwell
being
grown
a
great
Favourite
,
promotes
the
Reformation
in
some
things
,
and
all
the
Religious
houses
as
they
call'd
them
,
that
is
,
Abbeys
,
Fryeries
and
Nunneries
,
those
Hives
of
Drones
,
were
dissolved
,
whereby
the
King
got
vast
Estates
,
yet
in
short
time
was
never
the
Richer
;
though
the
Revenues
of
those
Houses
then
seized
amounted
in
the
whole
to
183707
l.
13.
s
.
per
Annum
.
Having
continued
a
Widdow
two
Years
,
the
King
married
Ann
the
Daughter
of
the
Duke
of
Cleve
,
a
Protestant
Prince
;
but
(
as
't
is
said
)
not
liking
her
Person
,
and
consequently
displeased
with
Cromwel
that
made
the
Match
,
was
divorced
from
her
,
and
caused
him
to
be
apprehended
,
and
attainted
by
Parliament
;
and
without
ever
being
call'd
to
answer
(
by
a
Law
he
himself
had
caused
to
be
made
)
he
was
beheaded
,
but
for
what
is
scarce
known
,
only
,
the
Record
in
general
mentions
,
Heresy
and
Treason
.
He
was
a
Smith's
Son
at
Putney
,
and
raised
by
Woolsey
.
About
two
Months
after
Ann
of
Cleves
Divorce
,
the
Lady
Katharine
Howard
was
openly
shewed
as
Queen
,
and
about
a
Year
after
was
beheaded
for
scandalous
living
with
one
Deerham
,
whom
she
had
formerly
been
contracted
to
,
and
with
one
Thomas
Culpeper
of
the
privy
Chamber
,
who
't
is
said
both
confest
their
Indictments
,
the
latter
being
beheaded
and
the
other
hanged
.
In
his
Thirty
fourth
Year
he
had
Warrs
with
Scotland
,
where
the
Earl
of
Hartford
took
Leith
,
and
did
other
considerable
Services
.
Next
year
,
the
King
took
for
his
sixth
Wife
,
Katharine
Parr
the
Widdow
of
the
Lord
Latimer
,
how
she
would
have
sped
had
he
lived
long
,
is
not
known
;
for
,
being
a
Protestant
,
she
was
accused
of
having
Heretical
Books
,
and
a
Warrant
granted
once
for
her
Commitment
;
but
pacifying
the
King
with
modest
Excuses
,
she
for
the
present
escaped
,
he
dying
shortly
after
,
and
then
she
was
married
to
Thomas
Seymour
Lord
Admiral
.
Anno
1545
,
the
Earl
of
Lenox
coming
into
England
,
the
King
received
him
kindly
,
and
gave
him
in
marriage
the
Lady
Margaret
his
,
Sisters
Daughter
,
by
whom
he
had
Henry
,
Father
to
King
James
.
The
same
year
King
Henry
in
Person
went
into
France
,
and
took
Bulloigne
,
and
several
other
exploits
were
done
by
his
Forces
,
but
by
the
mediation
of
the
Emperour
a
Peace
is
Concluded
.
And
now
King
Henry
,
grown
extream
fat
,
fell
into
a
languishing
Fever
,
and
having
by
Will
appointed
his
Successor
and
Council
,
died
on
the
twenty
eighth
of
January
1547.
in
the
fifty
sixth
Year
of
his
Age
,
and
thirty
eighth
of
his
Reign
;
leaving
Issue
by
Queen
Jane
,
Prince
Edward
;
by
his
first
Wife
Katharine
of
Spain
,
the
Lady
Mary
,
and
by
Ann
of
Bullen
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
who
all
successively
came
to
the
Crown
.
In
the
fifteenth
Year
of
his
Reign
divers
things
were
newly
brought
into
England
,
whereof
was
made
this
Rhyme
.
Turkeys
,
Carps
,
Hopps
,
Piccarel
and
Beer
,
Came
first
into
England
all
in
one
Year
.
In
his
thirty
seaventh
Year
one
William
Foxley
,
a
Potmaker
for
the
Mint
in
the
Tower
,
fell
asleep
,
and
could
not
with
pinching
or
burning
be
awaked
for
full
fourteen
days
,
and
then
was
in
all
respects
as
if
he
had
slept
but
one
Night
,
and
lived
fourty
Years
after
.
Nor
could
the
Cause
be
found
out
,
though
he
were
examined
strictly
by
the
Kings
Physicians
,
and
the
King
himself
.
Now
flourished
the
Learned
men
beyond
Sea
,
as
Vives
,
Erasmus
,
Cornelius
Agrippa
,
&c.
and
in
England
,
John
Collet
Dean
of
Pauls
,
who
founded
that
School
,
William
Lilly
first
School-master
there
;
whence
our
Grammar
takes
its
name
,
though
supposed
to
be
composed
by
Erasmus
and
many
others
.
CHAP.
XXII
.
King
Edward
the
Sixth
.
This
Prince
at
nine
Years
old
came
to
the
Crown
,
the
Earl
of
Hartford
his
Uncle
being
chosen
Protector
of
the
King
and
Kingdom
during
his
Minority
;
his
first
Exploit
is
to
invade
Scotland
,
who
refused
to
make
good
the
Marriage
between
their
young
Queen
and
King
Edward
.
This
forces
the
Scots
to
carry
the
Fire-Cross
throughout
the
Land
,
which
was
two
Firebrands
set
in
fashion
of
a
Cross
upon
the
point
of
a
Spear
,
making
Proclamation
,
that
all
between
sixteen
and
sixty
years
of
age
should
forthwith
take
Arms
,
and
bring
Victuals
with
them
,
on
pain
of
death
.
By
this
means
having
rais'd
a
great
Army
,
he
Engag'd
the
English
at
Musselborough-field
,
but
ten
or
twelve
thousand
of
them
being
slain
,
and
the
rest
routed
,
the
Earl
Huntley
taken
Prisoner
,
being
ask'd
how
he
was
now
inclined
to
the
Marriage
,
very
handsomly
repartee'd
,
He
lik'd
the
Marriage
well
enough
,
but
did
not
so
well
like
that
kind
of
wooing
:
And
indeed
all
would
not
do
,
for
the
young
Queen
was
privately
convey'd
into
France
,
and
being
but
six
years
old
,
married
to
the
Dauphin
.
The
two
Popish
Bishops
,
Bonner
and
Gardiner
,
are
sent
to
the
Tower
,
Images
pull'd
down
,
the
use
of
Beads
,
Mass
,
&c.
restrained
;
which
occasion
many
stirrs
and
Insurrections
,
especially
in
the
West
,
but
soon
appeased
,
and
many
punished
,
by
Sir
William
Kingston
,
the
Provost-Marshal
,
who
coming
in
shew
as
a
Guest
to
the
Mayor
of
Bodwin
in
Cornwal
,
desired
him
to
erect
a
pair
of
Gallows
for
an
Execution
that
was
to
be
done
there
after
dinner
,
which
he
causes
to
be
done
.
Having
dined
with
the
Mayor
at
his
house
,
they
walk
to
see
the
Gallows
,
and
the
Marshal
askt
him
,
if
he
thought
them
strong
enough
?
who
answer'd
,
Doubtless
they
are
.
Then
get
you
up
speedily
,
says
the
other
;
for
you
have
been
a
busie
Rebel
,
and
so
forthwith
hang'd
him
up
.
Near
the
same
place
,
a
Miller
that
had
been
concerned
in
the
Tumults
,
fearing
the
Marshal
,
goes
from
home
,
bidding
a
man
he
had
to
say
he
was
the
Miller
,
if
any
body
ask'd
for
him
;
which
the
fellow
ignorantly
does
to
the
said
Marshal
,
that
came
presently
after
his
Master
was
gone
,
but
hearing
order
given
for
his
hanging
up
on
the
next
Tree
,
cryed
out
,
he
was
not
the
Miller
,
but
the
Millers
man
;
Nay
,
says
the
Marshal
,
I
'le
take
you
at
your
first
word
,
If
you
are
the
Miller
,
you
deserve
it
,
or
if
you
are
his
man
you
can
never
do
him
better
service
;
and
so
truss'd
him
up
.
A
fatal
quarrel
arises
between
the
Lord
Protector
and
his
Brother
the
Lord
Admiral
,
occasion'd
by
their
Wives
,
the
latter
having
married
the
Queen
Dowager
,
the
other's
Wife
being
a
haughty
woman
,
would
not
give
her
precedency
,
because
her
husband
was
the
elder
Brother
,
and
in
higher
Place
.
On
this
feud
,
she
perswades
the
Protector
that
the
Admiral
sought
his
Life
,
who
thereupon
was
beheaded
;
and
then
the
Protector
,
being
left
without
support
,
was
soon
supplanted
by
his
Enemies
,
and
charged
with
Treason
,
but
on
his
submission
released
;
yet
not
long
afterwards
,
being
call'd
to
a
second
account
,
when
he
had
nobly
acquitted
himself
of
all
Treason
objected
,
he
was
found
guilty
of
Felony
on
a
Statute
of
his
own
procurement
;
That
if
any
should
attempt
to
kill
a
Privy
Counsellor
,
though
the
Fact
were
never
committed
,
it
should
be
Felony
;
for
which
he
was
beheaded
on
Tower-Hill
.
On
the
sixth
of
July
1553.
died
King
Edward
at
Greenwich
,
in
the
seventh
year
of
his
Reign
,
and
sixteenth
of
his
Age
.
He
was
a
most
vertuous
,
hopeful
Prince
,
of
great
Learning
,
for
his
time
,
and
strict
Devotion
.
Some
say
that
he
died
of
a
Pleurisie
,
though
some
conceit
he
was
poysoned
with
a
Nosegay
,
it
being
generally
murmured
,
after
the
two
Uncles
were
taken
out
of
the
way
,
the
Nephew
would
not
long
remain
.
Before
he
died
,
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
representing
the
obstinacy
of
his
Sister
Mary
in
Popery
,
and
how
fit
it
was
Religion
should
be
preserved
in
purity
,
which
could
not
be
,
unless
she
were
put
by
the
Crown
,
nor
that
handsomly
effected
,
unless
the
other
Sister
were
put
by
also
;
on
such
reasons
(
nothing
being
so
apt
to
take
with
the
King
as
provision
for
Religion
)
he
was
perswaded
by
his
Will
(
excluding
both
his
Sisters
)
to
appoint
for
his
Successor
the
Lady
Jane
Gray
,
Daughter
of
Mary
King
Henry
the
Eighths
younger
Sister
,
which
she
had
by
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
after
the
death
of
the
French
King
,
to
whom
she
was
first
married
;
which
Lady
Jane
,
you
must
note
,
was
lately
married
to
the
Lord
Guilford
,
one
of
this
Duke
of
Northumberlands
Sons
.
This
King
Edward
gave
Christs
Hospital
for
poor
Children
;
for
Lame
and
Diseased
,
St.
Thomas's
Hospital
in
Southwark
,
and
St.
Bartholomews
by
Smithfield
,
and
for
riotous
idle
Persons
,
his
Palace
of
Bridewell
,
there
to
be
kept
at
work
by
Correction
.
And
in
the
fourth
year
of
his
Reign
,
Sir
Andrew
Jud
,
Mayor
of
London
,
founded
a
notable
Free-School
at
Tunbridge
in
Kent
,
giving
sixty
pound
per
Annum
Land
to
the
Skinners
Company
,
to
pay
twenty
pound
to
the
Master
,
and
eight
pound
to
the
Usher
there
,
and
the
rest
to
other
Charitable
uses
.
After
his
death
the
Lady
Jane
was
proclaimed
Queen
;
but
the
Lady
Mary
being
in
Suffolk
,
takes
upon
her
likewise
the
Title
,
and
gathers
Forces
;
against
whom
goes
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
;
but
his
men
revolting
,
and
thereupon
the
Londoners
declaring
for
Queen
Mary
,
he
himself
goes
to
Cambridge
,
and
proclaims
her
Queen
,
but
for
all
that
is
taken
Prisoner
,
and
soon
after
beheaded
;
the
Lady
Jane
being
told
by
her
Father
,
that
now
she
must
put
off
her
Royal
Robes
,
and
be
contented
with
a
private
Life
,
answered
,
She
would
more
willingly
put
them
off
,
than
she
put
them
on
,
which
(
she
affirm'd
)
she
had
done
meerly
in
Obedience
to
him
and
her
mother
.
And
indeed
,
it
proved
fatal
to
them
all
,
for
both
she
,
her
Husband
,
and
Father
were
condemned
,
yet
possibly
had
escaped
with
life
being
reprieved
.
If
the
later
had
not
afterwards
joyned
with
Wiat
in
his
Rebellion
for
opposing
the
Match
with
Spain
,
which
enraged
the
Queen
so
,
that
not
onely
he
lost
his
Head
,
but
his
Son
the
Lord
Guilford
too
,
who
with
much
devotion
and
constancy
submitted
to
the
stroke
of
Death
,
which
was
given
in
the
sight
of
his
most
excellent
Spouse
the
Lady
Jane
,
placed
at
a
Window
for
that
purpose
;
the
object
striking
more
terror
to
her
heart
,
than
the
sight
of
that
fatal
Ax
by
which
she
was
presently
to
suffer
:
For
as
soon
as
he
was
dead
she
was
brought
on
the
same
Scaffold
,
and
after
a
most
pious
Prayer
had
her
head
severed
from
her
body
.
She
was
but
16
years
of
age
,
but
a
Miracle
for
Learning
,
excellently
skill'd
in
the
Tongues
,
and
some
of
her
Epistles
are
yet
extant
.
These
qualifications
made
her
much
lamented
,
and
the
Judge
that
pronounced
sentence
against
her
,
presently
after
fell
raving
mad
,
crying
always
Take
away
the
Lady
Jane
,
take
her
away
from
me
;
and
so
miserably
ended
his
Life
.
CHAP.
XXIII
.
Queen
Mary
WAs
crowned
the
first
of
October
,
1553.
and
having
settled
her self
against
the
Pretensions
of
the
Lady
Jane
,
as
you
have
heard
,
and
restored
the
Mass
and
Popish
Religion
in
all
Churches
,
of
which
she
was
ever
zealous
,
as
being
of
Spanish
Bloud
,
and
bred
up
with
the
Mother
of
Cardinal
Pool
,
and
other
Zealots
of
that
Party
,
she
thought
it
time
to
marry
being
37
years
old
;
and
at
last
Philip
Prince
of
Spain
,
eldest
Son
to
the
Emperour
Charles
,
is
pitch'd
upon
and
concluded
;
but
some
rash
Spirits
oppose
it
,
of
whom
the
chief
was
Sir
Thomas
Wiat
of
Kent
,
pretending
that
this
Match
tended
to
bring
England
under
the
Yoke
of
Spain
,
and
make
the
Land
a
slave
to
strangers
.
Against
him
Forces
were
sent
,
but
500
revolted
to
him
,
who
then
boldly
marched
towards
London
,
with
so
great
terror
to
all
people
,
that
the
Lawyers
pleaded
in
Westminster
Hall
in
Armour
.
The
Queen
by
a
loving
Speech
makes
the
City
her
Friend
,
who
denied
Wiat
entrance
;
and
his
Army
mouldring
away
,
and
being
encompassed
by
the
Queens
Forces
,
who
offered
like
a
true
Daughter
of
King
Harry
to
have
gone
against
him
her self
in
person
,
he
yielded
up
himself
,
and
was
beheaded
and
quartered
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Princess
Elizabeth
being
accounted
a
Protestant
is
kept
as
a
Prisoner
,
sometimes
in
the
Tower
and
sometimes
at
Woodstock
,
and
many
Trains
laid
to
ensnare
her
;
to
which
purpose
being
questioned
one
day
what
she
thought
of
the
Real
Presence
,
after
some
pause
she
thus
discreetly
answered
;
Christ
was
the
Word
that
spake
it
,
He
took
the
Bread
and
brake
it
,
And
what
that
Word
did
make
it
,
That
I
believe
and
take
it
.
Thereby
avoiding
their
Net
better
than
by
a
direct
Answer
she
could
have
done
.
Three
Bishops
Cranmer
,
Ridley
,
and
Latimer
are
adjudged
Hereticks
,
and
burnt
at
Oxford
;
but
before
them
Rogers
,
Hooper
,
and
Bradford
,
suffered
Martyrdom
at
London
:
and
henceforward
the
Persecution
continued
very
fierce
during
all
her
Reign
.
On
the
20
July
1554.
King
Philip
arrived
at
Southampton
,
and
three
days
after
they
were
married
at
Winchester
;
and
shortly
after
Cardinal
Pool
coming
over
,
this
Kingdom
was
absolv'd
from
what
they
then
called
Heresie
and
Schism
,
and
restored
to
the
Unity
of
the
Roman
Church
.
And
the
Queen
in
a
fit
of
Devotion
would
needs
deliver
up
all
the
Lands
belonging
to
Monasteries
that
were
in
her
own
hands
,
to
be
disposed
of
as
the
Pope
thought
fit
.
And
being
told
this
would
much
lessen
her
Revenue
,
answered
,
She
more
valued
her
Salvation
than
any
Revenue
.
A
Saying
however
grounded
perhaps
on
a
mistake
as
to
particulars
,
yet
certainly
most
pious
and
Christian
in
general
.
Anno
1557.
there
was
a
piece
of
notable
Justice
:
The
Lord
Sturton
(
though
much
in
the
Queens
favour
)
being
hanged
at
Salisbury
with
four
of
his
Servants
,
for
a
Murder
by
them
committed
,
all
the
favour
he
had
being
that
the
Halter
was
of
Silk
.
The
Queen
engages
in
her
Husbands
quarrel
against
France
,
and
took
St.
Quintine
;
but
for
that
there
was
little
cause
of
joy
,
for
many
of
the
Garrison
of
Calis
being
drawn
out
on
that
Service
,
the
French
took
the
opportunity
to
surprise
it
,
and
took
the
two
best
Sconces
on
a
sudden
,
coming
to
the
Walls
the
English
had
laid
a
Train
of
powder
to
blow
them
up
;
but
their
Cloths
being
wet
by
passing
the
Trenches
dropping
on
it
quench'd
it
,
so
that
it
would
not
take
fire
,
so
that
the
Town
was
taken
for
want
of
strength
to
defend
it
,
there
being
not
above
700
Souldiers
in
it
,
after
it
had
been
in
English
hands
200
years
.
The
loss
of
which
,
together
with
her
Husbands
absence
,
and
the
disappointment
of
proving
not
with
Child
,
as
she
was
generally
reported
,
brought
her
into
a
sickness
,
whereof
she
died
17
Nov.
1558.
having
reigned
5
years
and
4
moneths
.
Cardinal
Pool
dying
the
day
before
,
some
time
before
she
declared
to
this
effect
,
That
if
when
she
were
dead
they
would
look
into
her
heart
,
they
would
find
Callis
her
greatest
distemper
.
Her
Reign
is
written
in
Histories
with
bloudy
Characters
,
for
the
burning
of
poor
Protestants
,
of
whom
in
her
time
there
suffered
5
Bishops
,
21
Divines
,
and
in
all
277
persons
.
In
her
second
year
appeared
in
the
Sky
a
Rainbow
reversed
,
and
two
Suns
at
a
time
.
Near
Alborough
in
Suffolk
on
a
Rock
by
the
Sea
,
where
there
never
was
grass
nor
earth
,
in
a
dear
year
there
grew
naturally
of
themselves
such
abundance
of
Pease
,
that
the
Poor
gathered
above
100
quarters
.
She
died
childless
,
and
King
Philip
,
as
by
Articles
he
was
bound
that
he
should
not
,
so
he
was
out
of
the
Land
,
and
could
not
attempt
any
thing
on
the
State
;
yet
he
afterwards
sollicited
Queen
Elizabeth
in
the
way
of
Marriage
,
(
to
whom
before
he
had
been
very
respective
)
but
was
put
off
by
making
an
alteration
in
Religion
,
after
which
he
never
would
prosecute
his
suit
further
.
CHAP.
XXIV
.
Queen
Elizabeth
.
THis
Virgin
Princess
,
the
Honour
of
our
Nation
,
and
Glory
of
her
Sex
,
came
to
the
Crown
in
the
year
1558.
and
established
the
publick
profession
of
the
Protestant
Religion
,
which
as
it
made
the
Pope
her
mortal
enemy
,
so
the
same
with
the
refusal
of
his
suit
instigated
the
King
of
Spain
against
her
.
The
Queen
of
Scots
being
married
to
the
French
King
,
and
he
soon
after
dying
,
Queen
Elizabeth
could
not
but
look
upon
her
with
a
jealous
Eye
,
and
the
Presbyterian
Faction
beginning
to
play
Rex
in
Scotland
,
driving
out
their
said
Queen
,
she
came
into
England
in
the
Year
1568
,
for
aid
,
where
she
was
deteined
eighteen
Years
and
at
last
beheaded
,
an
Action
that
Reason
of
State
can
never
excuse
,
from
being
a
Blot
in
the
fair
Reign
of
our
otherwise
matchless
Queen
.
Anno
1569.
A
Rebellion
broke
out
in
the
North
,
on
pretence
to
have
the
Romish
Religion
reestablish'd
,
but
was
soon
quash'd
,
some
of
the
Inferiors
hang'd
,
and
many
of
the
great
ones
fled
the
Realm
.
Pope
Pius
Quintus
absolves
all
the
Queens
Subjects
from
their
Allegiance
,
and
curses
all
that
obey
her
,
by
his
Declaratory
Bull
,
which
in
the
Night
was
fastned
upon
the
Bishop
of
London's
Palace
Gates
,
by
one
John
Felton
,
who
never
fled
,
but
in
an
affected
humour
of
Martyrdome
,
confess'd
and
justifyed
the
Fact
,
and
was
hang'd
near
the
Place
.
If
we
consider
the
Duke
of
Buckingham's
murder
long
after
,
and
the
manner
of
that
Felton's
Carriage
,
one
shall
find
some
agreement
in
their
extravagancies
as
well
as
Names
.
Anno
1571
,
Sir
Thomas
Gresham
having
finisht
his
Building
in
Corn-hil
,
for
the
use
of
Merchants
,
the
Queen
going
to
see
it
,
caused
an
Herauld
with
sound
of
Trumpet
to
name
it
the
Royal
Exchange
.
In
the
nineteenth
Year
of
her
Reign
at
the
Assizes
at
Oxford
,
as
the
Court
was
sitting
,
and
one
Jenks
a
Bookseller
question'd
for
opprobrious
Words
against
the
Queen
,
they
were
suddenly
surprized
with
a
noisome
Vapour
,
of
which
the
Judg
,
Sheriff
,
divers
Persons
of
Quality
,
and
in
all
three
hundred
Persons
died
in
fourty
Hours
.
The
poor
distressed
States
of
Holland
,
offer
to
the
Queen
the
Sovereignty
and
Possession
of
those
Countries
,
but
she
refused
,
only
promised
to
mediate
for
them
to
the
King
of
Spain
for
a
safe
Peace
,
but
afterwards
finding
Don
John
of
Austria
,
plotting
to
deprive
her
of
her
Life
and
Crown
,
she
did
assist
them
with
Men
and
Money
,
without
which
they
had
never
been
able
to
subsist
.
In
Ireland
there
happen'd
several
Rebellions
fomented
by
the
Pope
and
Spaniard
,
to
quiet
which
cost
the
Queen
great
expence
of
Blood
and
Treasure
,
but
they
always
ended
with
the
overthrow
of
the
Authors
.
On
the
13
of
November
1577.
Captain
Drake
having
before
made
several
good
Voiages
to
America
,
sets
forth
again
with
five
Ships
and
a
hundred
sixty
three
Seamen
,
for
the
Southern
Sea
,
pafs'd
the
Stiaeghts
of
Magellan
and
at
the
Isle
Moncha
took
out
of
a
Spanish
Ship
four
hundred
pounds
weight
of
Gold
;
in
several
places
he
found
Ships
with
great
quantities
of
Silver
,
and
not
a
Porson
in
them
,
so
inapprehensive
were
the
Spaniards
then
in
that
Coast
,
not
fearing
of
any
Enemy
;
after
this
he
met
with
and
took
the
Cacofago
,
a
great
Spanish
Ship
,
and
took
out
of
her
,
besides
Jewels
,
fourscore
pounds
weight
of
Gold
,
thirteen
Chests
of
Silver
coyned
,
and
a
vast
quantity
of
other
Silver
,
and
continued
on
his
Voiage
,
till
in
three
Years
time
he
had
sailed
round
about
the
World
,
his
Ship
being
laid
up
for
a
Monument
at
Deptford
,
and
he
Knighted
.
About
this
time
great
means
were
used
for
a
Marriage
between
the
Queen
and
the
Duke
of
Alanson
,
afterwards
Anjou
,
brother
to
the
French
King
,
who
came
over
into
England
,
and
was
favourably
received
,
but
on
a
sudden
the
Match
was
broken
off
,
and
after
many
Years
treaty
came
to
nothing
.
And
now
passing
over
lesser
matters
comes
on
the
Year
1688
,
wherein
the
Spanish
Armado
styled
invincible
,
consisting
of
one
hundred
and
thirty
Sail
,
19290
Souldiers
,
8350
Mariners
,
2080
Gallyslaves
,
and
2630
great
Ordnance
,
invaded
England
,
having
first
received
the
Pope's
Blessing
,
who
would
needs
have
twelve
of
their
best
Ships
called
by
the
respective
names
of
the
twelve
Apostles
.
This
Navy
was
to
bring
over
the
Prince
of
Parma's
Army
,
being
fifty
thousand
old
Souldiers
,
out
of
Flanders
;
but
whilst
they
were
waiting
for
him
,
the
Queen
having
by
a
Camp
at
Tilbury
,
twenty
thousand
men
,
laid
on
the
Sea
Coast
,
and
a
brave
Army
for
defence
of
her
Person
;
secured
the
Land
,
set
forth
her
Navy
under
the
Lord
Howard
Admiral
,
and
Drake
Vice-Admiral
,
and
after
several
Engagements
and
the
Stratagem
of
Fire-ships
,
(
then
first
used
)
utterly
dispersed
that
vast
Navy
,
above
half
their
Ships
being
taken
,
destroyed
,
or
lost
,
and
the
rest
forced
to
fly
round
the
North
of
Scotland
to
get
home
.
A
Victory
never
to
be
forgot
by
either
England
or
Spain
,
for
it
's
contrary
Influence
on
their
Affairs
.
Anno
1594
,
Lopez
a
Jew
,
Physitian
to
the
Queen
,
was
executed
for
attempting
to
poison
her
.
In
1600.
the
Earl
of
Essez
having
incurr'd
the
Queens
Displeasure
in
Ireland
,
and
more
by
scandalous
Speeches
,
and
a
kind
of
open
Rebellion
at
his
House
in
London
,
being
condemned
by
his
Peers
is
beheaded
.
On
the
24th
.
of
March
,
or
last
day
of
the
year
1602.
died
Queen
Elizabeth
,
having
reigned
above
44
years
in
as
troublesom
times
as
any
,
yet
full
of
Honour
,
and
most
happy
in
the
Love
of
her
People
.
CHAP.
XXV
.
King
James
.
JAmes
the
Sixth
King
of
Scotland
of
that
Name
,
being
descended
from
Margaret
the
eldest
daughter
of
King
Henry
the
Seventh
,
had
after
Queen
Elizabeths
death
an
undoubted
Right
to
the
Crown
of
England
,
and
was
accordingly
proclaimed
the
very
last
day
of
the
year
1602.
and
in
May
following
arrived
in
London
,
but
was
not
crowned
till
a
pretty
while
afterwards
.
In
the
third
year
of
his
Reign
was
the
horrid
Gunpowder
Treason
,
a
Plot
laid
by
Henry
Garnet
a
Jesuit
,
Robert
Catesby
,
Thomas
Piercy
,
Thomas
Winter
,
Guido
Fawks
,
and
other
desperate
Papists
,
to
blow
up
both
Houses
of
Parliament
,
King
,
Prince
,
Lords
,
and
Commons
,
all
together
;
to
this
purpose
having
taken
an
oath
of
Secrecy
,
and
hired
an
House
adjoyning
,
they
began
to
undermine
,
but
at
last
heard
of
a
Cellar
right
under
the
Parliament
House
,
to
be
let
;
which
they
hire
and
stow
their
Powder
in
,
covered
over
to
prevent
suspicion
with
Billets
and
Faggots
,
the
day
appointed
for
the
Parliaments
meeting
,
and
consequently
this
Execution
was
the
Fifth
of
November
;
but
10
days
before
,
a
stranger
delivers
a
Letter
to
the
Lord
Mounteagles
Man
to
give
to
his
Lord
,
the
words
whereof
were
these
.
My
Lord
,
OUt
of
the
love
I
bear
to
some
of
your
friends
,
I
have
a
care
of
your
preservation
;
therefore
I
would
wish
you
as
you
tender
your
life
to
forbear
your
attendance
at
this
Parliament
;
for
God
and
Man
have
concurred
to
punish
the
wickedness
of
this
time
.
And
think
not
slight
of
this
Advertisement
,
but
retire
your self
into
your
Country
,
where
you
may
expect
the
event
in
safety
.
For
though
there
be
no
appearance
of
any
stir
,
yet
I
say
they
shall
receive
a
terrible
blow
this
Parliament
,
and
yet
shall
not
see
who
hurts
them
.
This
counsel
is
not
to
be
contemned
,
and
can
do
you
no
harm
,
for
the
danger
is
past
so
soon
as
you
have
burnt
this
Letter
;
and
I
hope
God
will
give
you
grace
to
make
good
use
of
it
,
to
whose
holy
protection
I
commend
you
.
Indeed
God
did
give
my
Lord
grace
to
make
the
best
use
of
it
,
which
was
to
shew
it
to
the
King
and
Council
;
but
being
in
a
counterfeit
imperfect
hand
,
without
Name
or
Date
,
they
knew
not
what
to
make
of
it
,
till
His
Majesty
by
that
word
terrible
blow
,
&c.
and
the
danger
will
be
over
as
soon
as
you
have
burnt
this
Letter
,
did
most
sagaciously
conjecture
it
might
be
mischief
by
blowing
up
with
Gunpowder
,
and
ordered
privy
search
to
be
made
,
where
the
very
night
before
the
Parliament
was
to
meet
,
coming
into
the
said
Cellar
,
and
removing
the
Billets
,
they
found
first
one
,
and
then
the
rest
,
in
all
36
Barrels
of
Powder
,
and
took
Fawks
standing
suspiciously
in
the
Entry
,
and
in
his
pocket
a
piece
of
Touch-wood
,
a
Tinderbox
,
a
Match
,
&c.
The
rest
were
gone
down
into
the
Country
,
on
pretence
of
a
Hunting
Match
to
raise
Rebellion
,
and
seize
the
Duke
of
York
and
Lady
Elizabeth
,
which
last
then
lying
in
Warwick-shire
,
they
intended
to
proclaim
Queen
,
and
rule
all
things
at
their
pleasure
.
But
now
after
some
resistance
,
wherein
Catesby
and
Piercy
fighting
back
to
back
,
were
both
killed
with
one
Musquet-shot
,
and
some
others
slain
.
The
rest
were
taken
,
hang'd
,
drawn
,
and
quartered
;
and
the
day
ordered
to
be
celebrated
to
all
Generations
.
Next
year
Christianus
King
of
Denmark
Queen
Anns
Brother
came
into
England
,
and
after
a
moneths
magnificent
Entertainment
returned
.
In
the
year
1610.
Prince
Henry
aged
17
years
was
created
Prince
of
Wales
with
great
solemnity
,
but
2
years
after
falling
sick
of
a
malignant
Fever
he
died
on
the
sixth
of
November
1612.
who
being
a
Prince
of
extraordinary
hopes
,
and
infinitely
beloved
of
the
people
,
his
death
caused
a
general
sadness
,
and
eclipsed
the
joys
of
the
Marriage
between
the
Lady
Elizabeth
and
Prince
Frederick
Count
Palatine
of
the
Rhine
,
which
just
at
that
time
was
solemnized
.
About
this
time
Hugh
Middleton
,
Citizen
and
Goldsmith
of
London
,
with
vast
cost
and
labour
brought
the
New
River
water
to
that
City
:
and
to
add
to
the
beauty
of
the
Town
near
the
same
time
Meorfields
,
which
was
nothing
but
dirty
heaps
and
noisom
common
shores
,
was
made
sweet
and
clean
,
and
distinguished
into
Walks
,
and
set
with
Trees
,
and
Smithfield
first
of
all
paved
.
1617.
Sir
Walter
Rawleigh
condemned
for
Treason
upon
King
James
first
coming
in
,
after
15
years
imprisonment
in
the
Tower
,
where
he
wrote
the
History
of
the
World
,
got
leave
to
go
to
Guyana
,
affirming
he
knew
of
a
Gold
Mine
there
,
but
proving
not
succesful
therein
,
Gondomor
the
Spanish
Ambassador
made
such
Complaints
,
that
upon
his
former
judgment
he
was
beheaded
in
the
Palace-Yard
at
Westminster
;
a
man
both
for
a
Souldier
,
a
Seaman
,
and
a
Scholar
,
scarce
to
be
match'd
in
this
later
age
.
1619.
Queen
Ann
died
,
and
about
a
year
after
,
the
Count
Palatine
having
thus
married
the
Daughter
of
the
King
of
Great
Britain
,
was
thought
fit
to
be
King
of
Bohemia
,
and
elected
by
the
States
,
but
was
no
sooner
crowned
,
but
the
Emperour
with
great
Forces
fell
upon
him
,
which
occasioned
much
trouble
afterwards
to
that
.
Illustrious
Family
.
A
Match
is
proposed
for
Prince
Charles
with
the
Infanta
of
Spain
,
who
to
speed
it
on
undertakes
a
journey
thither
in
person
,
travelling
privately
through
France
,
where
by
chance
he
had
a
sight
of
that
incomparable
Lady
that
was
afterwards
his
Queen
;
for
no
good
being
to
be
done
in
Spain
,
wearied
with
delays
,
he
returns
and
enters
into
a
Treaty
with
France
,
during
which
King
James
died
of
an
Ague
at
Theobalds
,
March
27.
1625
,
having
reigned
22
years
,
and
in
the
59th
.
of
his
age
.
A
Prince
justly
styled
the
Peace-maker
,
and
for
his
Learning
,
Wisdom
,
and
the
Plenty
of
his
Reign
celebrated
as
our
English
Solomon
.
In
the
first
year
of
his
Reign
happened
a
great
Plague
,
of
which
in
one
year
30244
persons
died
in
London
.
In
his
second
year
one
Ann
Waters
enticed
by
a
Lover
of
hers
,
consented
to
have
her
Husband
strangled
,
and
buried
under
the
Dunghil
in
the
Cow-house
.
The
man
being
missing
and
she
pretending
to
wonder
what
was
become
of
him
,
a
Neighbour
happened
to
dream
that
the
said
Waters
was
strangled
and
buried
in
such
a
place
,
who
declaring
his
dream
,
a
search
is
made
,
the
body
found
,
the
Wife
examined
,
and
confessing
was
burnt
.
Anno
1609.
A
Fire
began
in
a
Maulthouse
in
Saint
Edmondsbury
,
and
consumed
160
Houses
,
towards
rebuilding
whereof
the
King
gave
500
loads
of
Timber
.
Anno
1618.
In
November
was
the
great
Comet
seen
,
after
which
followed
the
Wars
in
Germany
.
On
Friday
October
24.
1623.
At
the
Popish
Conventicle
in
Black
Friars
by
the
fall
of
the
Floor
,
the
Priest
,
and
almost
100
of
his
Auditors
were
killed
.
Anno
1606.
The
King
first
granted
a
Patent
to
London
for
a
Plantation
in
Virginia
,
and
another
to
Bristoll
,
Exeter
,
and
Plimouth
,
for
a
Plantation
in
New
England
,
which
then
began
to
be
peopled
with
English
.
CHAP.
XXVI
.
King
Charles
the
First
BEgan
his
Reign
27
March
1625
,
and
in
June
following
was
married
to
Henrietta
Maria
,
Daughter
of
Henry
the
Great
.
In
the
year
1627.
was
the
unfortunate
Expedition
to
the
Isle
of
Rhe
,
designed
for
the
assistance
of
the
French
Protestants
in
Rochel
,
and
the
next
year
a
second
attempt
intended
;
but
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
preparing
for
it
at
Portsmouth
,
was
assassinated
by
the
barbarous
hands
of
John
Felton
,
who
for
that
horrid
Murther
was
first
hanged
at
Tyburn
,
and
his
body
exposed
in
Chains
at
Portsmouth
.
Upon
the
noble
Duke
was
made
this
Epitaph
by
one
of
the
Celebrated
Wits
of
that
Age
.
Here
lies
the
best
and
worst
of
Fate
,
Two
Kings
Delight
,
but
Factions
Hate
,
The
Courtiers
Star
,
the
Kingdoms
Eye
,
A
Man
to
draw
an
Angel
by
,
Fears
Despiser
,
great
Villiers
Glory
,
The
Great
mans
Volum
,
All
times
Story
.
Nor
did
Felton
want
an
Epitaph
,
but
had
the
following
Lines
bestowed
on
him
,
by
a
Pen
whose
exquisite
Fancy
deserved
a
more
happy
subject
.
An
Epitaph
on
John
Felton
,
that
stabb'd
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
at
Portsmouth
,
Anno
1621.
and
was
there
hang'd
in
Chains
.
Here
uninterr'd
suspends
(
though
not
to
save
Surviving
Friends
th'expences
of
a
Grave
)
Feltons
dead
earth
,
which
to
the
world
must
be
Its
own
sad
Monument
,
his
Elegy
,
As
large
as
Fame
;
but
whether
bad
or
good
,
I
say
not
;
By
himself
't
was
wrote
in
Bloud
.
For
which
his
body
is
entomb'd
in
Air
,
Arch'd
o're
with
Heav'n
,
set
with
a
Thousand
fair
And
glorious
Stars
,
a
noble
Sepulcher
,
Which
Time
it self
can't
ruinate
,
and
where
Th'
Impartial
Worm
,
that
is
not
brib'd
to
spare
Princes
(
Corrupt
in
Marble
)
cannot
share
.
His
Flesh
(
which
oft
the
charitable
Skies
Embalm
with
Tears
,
deigning
those
Obsequies
Belong
to
Men
)
shall
last
till
pitying
Fowl
Contend
to
reach
his
Body
to
his
Soul
.
The
29th
of
May
1630
,
was
born
Charles
the
2d
,
our
present
Sovereign
,
a
Star
appearing
at
the
same
time
at
Noon-day
,
as
an
Illustrious
presage
of
the
peculiar
care
Heaven
would
take
of
that
Royal
Native
.
In
the
year
1639.
the
Scots
,
stirred
up
and
influenced
by
certain
Presbyterian
Factious
Spirits
,
begin
a
Rebellion
,
and
march
towards
England
,
whom
the
King
meets
with
a
strong
Army
.
A
Pacification
is
made
between
them
;
yet
the
next
year
they
come
on
again
,
encouraged
by
a
treacherous
Party
here
,
and
a
Treaty
being
had
,
a
Truce
is
made
with
them
.
The
3d
.
of
November
1640.
began
that
fatal
Parliament
,
terribly
known
by
the
Name
of
the
Long
;
and
now
the
ill
Weeds
of
Rebellion
grow
so
fast
,
that
we
must
onely
hint
at
the
time
of
principal
Actions
,
without
running
out
into
Circumstances
.
On
Wednesday
the
12th
of
May
1641
,
that
prudent
and
loyal
Statesman
Thomas
Earl
of
Strafford
was
taken
off
by
a
popular
fury
,
and
noise
of
an
Accumulative
Treason
,
though
nothing
Criminal
was
proved
against
him
:
But
his
Loyalty
was
to
them
Crime
enough
,
and
even
themselves
seemed
to
acknowledge
his
Innocence
,
since
they
thought
fit
to
fling
away
the
Helve
of
that
Hatchet
wherewith
they
cut
off
his
head
,
by
Enacting
his
Case
should
never
be
drawn
into
President
.
In
August
following
the
King
goes
into
Scotland
,
and
is
received
with
extraordinary
joy
at
his
Return
.
During
his
absence
,
viz.
on
the
23.
of
October
breaks
out
the
horrid
Rebellion
in
Ireland
,
and
here
at
home
Tumults
increase
with
such
insolence
,
that
the
King
finds
himself
obliged
to
retire
for
his
safety
from
Whitehall
,
and
having
used
all
means
that
a
most
loving
and
pious
Prince
could
condescend
to
,
to
bring
the
Faction
to
moderation
and
a
sense
of
their
duty
,
being
denied
entrance
into
his
Town
of
Hull
,
and
seeing
his
Right
of
the
Militia
was
begun
to
be
invaded
,
&c.
resolves
to
defend
himself
,
and
the
Liberties
of
his
People
,
by
gathering
what
strength
he
could
,
setting
up
his
Standard
at
Nottingham
,
24
August
,
1642.
as
on
the
contrary
the
Parliament
form
an
Army
under
Command
of
the
Earl
of
Essex
.
The
first
considerable
Battel
was
at
Edge-hill
,
23
October
1642.
wherein
His
Majesty
had
so
much
the
better
,
that
he
kept
possession
of
the
Field
.
Brainford
Fight
,
12
November
1642.
The
Battel
at
Hopton
Heath
,
March
19.
1642.
Newbury
first
Fight
20
Sept.
1643.
The
terrible
Battel
at
Maston
Moor
near
York
,
wherein
the
Kings
Forces
were
at
last
worsted
,
and
several
persons
of
note
slain
,
July
2
,
1644.
The
Parliament
Forces
in
Cornwall
forced
to
submit
,
and
their
General
Essex
to
fly
away
by
Sea
,
Sept.
1644.
Newbury
second
Fight
27
Oct.
1644.
Treaty
at
Uxbridge
began
30
January
,
1644.
The
Battel
at
Naseby
fatal
to
the
Royal
Interest
,
14
June
1645.
27
April
1646.
the
Kings
Majesty
is
forced
privately
to
depart
from
Oxford
,
and
went
to
the
Scotish
Army
,
who
afterwards
consent
to
surrender
his
person
to
the
power
of
Rebels
;
whereupon
after
several
Traverses
of
Fortune
he
is
brought
to
Hampton
Court
,
28
Aug.
1648.
The
King
being
now
in
restraint
,
many
of
his
Subjects
that
had
before
been
misled
to
take
Arms
against
him
,
begin
to
look
upon
his
Estate
with
Commiseration
.
A
great
part
of
the
Navy
revolt
to
the
Prince
of
Wales
,
several
Towns
and
Castles
,
and
particularly
that
of
Pomfret
was
surprized
for
his
Majesties
Service
,
the
Duke
of
Hamilton
with
Sir
Marmaduke
Langdale
and
others
raise
a
strong
Army
for
the
King
in
the
North
,
and
the
Kentishmen
in
great
numbers
are
up
in
Arms
under
the
Command
of
George
Lord
Goring
Earl
of
Norwich
,
so
that
a
general
Tempest
seem'd
to
threaten
the
Parliaments
Affairs
,
but
was
all
soon
blown
over
.
For
Cromwel
then
Lieutenant
,
quickly
reduces
the
Welch
,
where
Langhorn
,
Poyer
,
and
Powel
their
Captains
are
executed
:
then
marching
against
those
of
the
North
,
he
meets
them
in
Lancashire
,
and
utterly
defeats
them
,
taking
all
their
Foot
,
with
their
Cannon
and
Ammunition
;
and
Duke
Hamilton
himself
is
brought
up
Prisoner
,
as
is
likewise
the
Earl
of
Holland
,
taken
at
St.
Neots
in
Huntington-shire
.
The
Kentishmen
scatter'd
by
Sir
Thomas
Fairfax's
Forces
at
Maidstone
,
cross
the
Thames
,
and
are
besieged
in
Colchester
,
which
after
a
generous
defence
,
and
great
Extremities
endured
for
want
of
Provision
,
was
surrendred
the
twenty
eighth
of
August
1648.
And
the
brave
Sir
Charles
Lucas
,
and
Sir
George
Lisle
shot
to
death
,
the
Noble
Lord
Capel
being
reserved
for
the
Scaffold
,
on
which
sometime
after
he
triumphantly
suffered
.
There
being
put
to
death
with
him
,
Duke
Hamilton
and
the
Earl
of
Holland
.
Notwithstanding
these
successes
,
the
Houses
finding
the
Nation
in
general
breathing
for
a
settlement
,
and
in
order
to
that
not
to
be
satisfied
without
a
Personal
Treaty
,
recall
their
Votes
of
non-Addresses
,
and
thereupon
,
on
the
eighteenth
of
September
1648.
A
Treaty
did
begin
with
his
Majestie
at
Newport
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
whither
his
Majesty
had
privately
retreated
.
But
before
any
thing
concluded
on
,
some
Army
Officers
publish
a
Remonstrance
dated
at
St.
Albans
the
sixteenth
of
November
,
signifying
their
Resolutions
to
bring
the
King
to
Justice
(
as
they
pretended
)
and
thereupon
some
Officers
were
appointed
to
seize
his
Person
,
and
bring
him
over
to
Hurst-Castle
in
Hampshire
,
and
thence
by
degrees
to
Windsor
,
and
at
last
to
Westminster
.
In
the
mean
time
,
they
purge
the
House
of
all
those
to
whom
his
Majesties
Gracious
Concessions
had
given
satisfaction
.
Then
they
erected
an
unprecedented
Court
,
called
the
High
Court
of
Justice
,
so
named
surely
either
because
Justice
was
there
Tryed
and
Cast
,
or
else
,
because
they
were
resolved
never
to
shew
Mercy
.
Before
these
new
Judges
his
Majesty
was
first
brought
on
the
twentieth
of
January
1648.
from
his
Palace
of
St.
James's
,
into
Westminster-Hall
.
Being
under
Restraint
his
appearance
could
not
be
avoided
,
but
no
Constraint
could
force
him
to
own
their
Authority
;
against
which
he
offered
divers
unanswerable
Reasons
,
but
was
not
permitted
to
speak
them
out
.
However
,
he
plainly
told
them
,
that
he
would
not
so
far
betray
his
Subjects
Liberties
to
submit
to
their
arbitrary
and
lawless
Power
,
but
rather
chuse
to
dye
a
Martyr
for
the
Protestant
Religion
,
and
the
Laws
and
Liberties
of
the
Land
:
so
that
on
Saturday
the
twenty
seventh
of
the
same
Moneth
the
President
of
the
Court
(
one
Bradshaw
a
Serjeant
at
Law
,
who
was
never
after
free
from
Terror
,
and
Horrors
of
Conscience
to
his
dying
day
)
proceeded
to
the
horrid
Sentence
against
their
Liege
Sovereign
,
that
he
should
be
Beheaded
,
which
was
Executed
before
the
Banquetting-House
at
White-Hall
,
on
the
thirtieth
of
that
Moneth
.
On
which
fatal
Morning
the
Bishop
of
London
reading
Prayers
with
him
,
and
for
the
first
Lesson
the
twenty
seventh
Chapter
of
Matthew
,
being
the
History
of
our
Saviour's
sufferings
.
The
King
at
first
thought
the
Bishop
had
chosen
the
same
as
suitable
to
that
Juncture
,
but
when
he
understood
that
it
was
the
Chapter
appointed
for
that
day
,
he
was
much
comforted
with
so
apt
a
Remembrance
of
his
Saviours
great
Example
in
Sufferings
.
After
his
Devotions
he
was
led
through
the
Park
to
White-hall
,
and
after
some
time
to
the
Scaffold
,
where
having
declared
that
he
dyed
a
Martyr
for
the
Laws
and
Liberties
of
his
People
,
he
made
a
Confession
of
his
Faith
,
asserting
that
he
dyed
a
true
Son
of
the
Church
of
England
;
then
betook
himself
to
his
Private
Devotions
,
and
so
patiently
submitted
his
Royal
Head
to
Martyrdom
,
from
the
Hand
of
a
disguised
Executioner
.
His
body
put
into
a
black
Velvet
Coffin
,
and
afterwards
wrapt
in
Lead
,
was
on
the
seventh
of
February
following
,
Interr'd
at
St.
George's
Chappel
at
Windsor
in
the
same
Vault
with
King
Henry
the
eighth
,
in
presence
of
the
Duke
of
Richmond
,
Dr.
Juxon
and
others
,
but
the
manner
appointed
in
the
Liturgy
could
not
be
obtained
to
be
used
.
Nor
had
he
any
Epitaph
affix'd
,
but
only
on
the
sheet
of
Lead
,
on
a
thin
Plate
fastned
on
the
Breast
,
this
plain
Inscription
—
King
Charles
,
1648.
This
Pious
Prince
at
the
time
of
his
murder
had
Reigned
twenty
three
Years
and
ten
Moneths
,
and
was
then
in
the
nine
and
fourtieth
Year
of
his
Age
,
having
had
by
his
most
dear
and
beloved
Queen
,
in
all
nine
Children
,
viz.
first
,
Charles-James
born
at
Groenwich
the
thirteenth
of
May
1629
,
but
died
almost
as
soon
as
born
.
Secondly
,
Charles
the
second
our
present
most
gracious
Sovereign
born
at
St.
James's
May
the
twenty
ninth
1630.
Thirdly
,
his
Royal
Highness
James
Duke
of
York
,
born
at
the
same
place
the
thirteenth
of
October
1633.
Fourthly
,
Henry
Duke
of
Gloucester
born
the
eighth
of
July
1639.
Fifthly
,
the
Lady
Mary
born
the
fourth
of
November
1631.
married
to
William
Prince
of
Orange
the
second
of
May
1641.
Sixthly
,
the
Lady
Elizabeth
born
the
twenty
eighth
of
January
1635.
who
died
with
Grief
soon
after
her
Father
.
Seventhly
,
Ann
born
17
March
1637.
died
before
her
father
.
Eighthly
,
Katharine
who
died
almost
as
soon
as
born
.
And
lastly
Henrietta
born
at
Exeter
,
June
the
sixteenth
1644.
since
Dutchess
of
Orleance
.
CHAP.
XXVII
.
The
most
remarkable
Passages
in
the
Reign
of
King
Charles
the
Second
,
hitherto
.
OUr
Gracious
Sovereign
King
Charles
the
Second
,
rightfully
began
his
Reign
the
thirtieth
of
January
1648.
though
hindred
by
the
prevailing
Rebels
from
full
Exercise
of
his
Authority
.
He
did
at
that
time
reside
with
his
Sister
the
Princess
of
Orange
at
the
Hague
in
Holland
,
and
the
Rebels
at
home
put
out
a
thing
they
call'd
an
Act
,
to
exclude
his
Succession
,
taking
upon
themselves
the
Title
of
the
Keepers
of
the
Liberties
of
England
,
&c.
yet
the
Kings
faithful
Subjects
did
in
print
proclaim
him
King
in
England
,
as
did
the
Lord
Inchequin
in
Ireland
,
and
so
did
the
Scots
too
;
for
whence
after
much
stirr
amongst
them
,
some
Propositions
were
sent
to
the
King
in
Jersey
,
desiring
him
to
sign
the
solemn
League
and
Covenant
,
and
divers
Acts
,
&c.
Upon
which
followed
a
Treaty
between
the
King
and
them
,
at
Breda
;
during
which
the
Covenanters
in
Scotland
seiz'd
the
Gallant
and
Loyal
Marquess
of
Montross
,
and
barbarously
hang'd
him
.
Which
horrid
Insolence
was
like
to
have
broke
off
the
Treaty
,
but
the
Necessity
of
the
King's
Affairs
forced
him
at
last
to
agree
with
their
unreasonable
Propositions
;
and
thereupon
is
invited
into
Scotland
,
and
was
afterwards
on
the
first
of
January
1650
,
Crowned
at
Scoon
,
being
the
fourty
eighth
Monarch
of
that
Kingdom
there
Crowned
.
In
the
mean
time
,
Cromwell
is
dispatch'd
with
an
Army
by
the
Parliament
into
Scotland
,
and
on
the
third
of
September
routs
the
Scots
at
Dunbar
,
the
King
himself
being
at
that
time
at
St.
Johnstons
,
but
afterwards
resolv'd
to
be
Generalissimo
of
the
Scotch
Army
himself
.
Whilst
these
Things
were
transacting
there
,
the
Presbyterians
hoping
to
establish
their
Covenant
and
Discipline
,
began
to
hold
some
Correspondence
with
the
Kings
Friends
;
and
several
of
their
most
eminent
Ministers
engaged
in
the
Design
,
of
whom
,
two
,
that
is
to
say
,
Mr.
Love
,
and
Mr.
Gibbons
were
put
to
Death
,
Mr.
Love
,
presented
four
Petitions
to
the
Parliament
for
his
Life
,
the
last
of
which
was
as
follows
.
To
the
Supream
Authority
,
the
Parliament
of
the
Commonwealth
of
England
.
The
Humble
Petition
of
Christopher
Love
,
a
condemned
Prisoner
in
the
Tower
of
London
.
Sheweth
,
THat
your
Petitioner
doth
humbly
adore
the
wonderful
Goodness
of
God
,
and
most
thankfully
acknowledg
the
great
Mercy
of
the
Parliament
for
so
seasonable
and
acceptable
an
Act
of
Grace
to
such
an
offended
Suppliant
,
that
when
there
was
but
a
step
between
him
and
Death
,
the
number
of
his
days
being
accomplished
,
and
he
almost
cut
off
from
the
Land
of
the
living
,
then
you
mercifully
interposed
,
and
gave
him
his
Life
for
a
Moneth
longer
,
which
was
to
him
as
a
Resurrection
from
the
dead
.
The
Consideration
whereof
melteth
the
Heart
of
your
Petitioner
,
and
makes
him
(
after
a
more
narrow
search
into
his
Heart
and
Wayes
)
more
deeply
sensible
than
ever
of
his
Sin
against
God
,
aad
more
sorrowful
for
his
high
Crimes
and
Offences
against
the
Parliament
,
in
his
late
and
great
Miscarriages
.
He
humbly
acknowledgeth
be
hath
so
highly
violated
the
Laws
of
the
Common-wealth
,
as
that
thereby
he
hath
rendred
himself
Guilty
of
the
Sentence
of
Death
,
justly
passed
on
him
by
the
High
Court
of
Justice
.
He
doth
also
herewith
humbly
Offer
to
your
Honours
a
free
and
full
Narrative
under
his
band
of
the
whole
Design
(
to
the
best
of
his
Remembrance
)
which
he
leaveth
to
your
Grave
Wisdomes
and
favourable
Interpretations
,
fully
resolved
that
he
will
neither
Plot
,
Contrive
,
or
design
any
thing
prejudicial
to
the
present
Government
.
But
will
in
his
Place
and
Calling
oppose
any
Designs
whatsoever
(
whether
in
this
or
the
Neighbour
Nation
)
that
may
tend
to
the
Ruine
of
this
Common-wealth
.
Your
dying
Petitioner
with
all
humble
importunity
prostrates
himself
at
your
feet
,
puts
his
mouth
in
the
dust
,
(
O
that
there
may
be
Hope
!
)
craving
your
tender
mercy
,
begging
his
Life
at
your
hands
,
promising
never
to
imploy
that
Life
against
you
he
shall
receive
from
you
;
but
doth
hold
it
his
duty
to
his
place
and
calling
,
to
lay
out
himself
for
the
glory
of
God
,
the
good
of
his
People
,
the
peace
and
safety
of
this
Commonwealth
.
And
your
Petitioner
shall
ever
pray
,
&c.
CHRISTOPHER
.
LOVE
.
Read
Aug.
14.
1651.
Read
again
Aug.
16.
1651.
But
notwithstanding
all
these
Submissions
and
passionate
Intreaties
,
the
pretended
Parliament
was
deaf
,
and
on
the
22th
.
of
August
1651.
brought
him
to
the
Block
on
Tower-hill
,
where
at
the
same
time
one
Gibbons
suffered
with
him
.
The
rest
concerned
were
pardoned
.
The
third
of
September
1651.
happened
the
fatal
Battel
at
Worcester
,
His
Majesty
having
suddenly
slipt
by
Cromwel
in
Scotland
,
and
so
marched
directly
for
England
;
but
the
other
followed
him
close
,
and
the
County
Troops
being
every
where
raised
,
His
Majesties
Forces
were
overpowered
,
though
in
his
own
Royal
Person
he
gave
them
most
signal
examples
of
Courage
,
having
his
Horse
twice
that
day
shot
under
him
.
After
this
Defeat
His
Majesty
,
getting
away
with
much
difficulty
,
retired
to
a
Farmers
house
in
Stafford-shire
,
and
there
changing
his
Habit
,
and
suffering
his
Royal
Locks
to
be
cut
off
with
a
Knife
,
for
want
of
a
more
convenient
Instrument
:
But
not
thinking
himself
safe
there
,
there
being
a
Thousand
pounds
offered
to
any
that
could
take
him
,
he
took
Sanctuary
in
that
famous
Oke
,
ever
since
dignified
with
the
Title
of
Royal
,
standing
in
a
Wood
about
4
miles
from
Woolver-hampton
,
where
he
remained
some
days
without
any
Company
,
save
of
one
friend
that
towards
night
brought
him
Provision
.
As
soon
as
might
be
he
removed
from
thence
to
the
house
of
Mrs.
Jane
Lane
,
an
eminent
Instrument
in
his
Conveyance
beyond
Sea
,
whither
at
last
after
a
thousand
dangers
,
protected
by
Providence
,
he
safely
got
,
passing
in
a
small
Vessel
from
Sussex
to
New
Haven
in
France
.
In
the
year
1652.
the
Hogan
Mogan
State
scorning
to
truckle
to
our
Infant
Commonwealth
,
a
War
broke
out
between
us
and
Holland
,
wherein
the
English
having
the
better
,
in
five
several
sharp
Engagements
at
Sea
,
in
one
of
which
their
excellent
Admiral
Van
Tromp
the
Elder
was
slain
,
and
thereby
that
Republick
brought
to
great
distress
:
But
afterwards
on
a
sudden
a
dishonourable
Peace
was
clapt
up
by
that
grand
Usurper
Oliver
Cromwel
for
his
own
ends
,
and
the
securing
of
his
Usurpations
;
he
having
first
on
the
20th
:
of
April
1653.
by
the
uncontroulable
power
of
his
Sword
dissolved
his
good
Masters
the
remainder
of
the
Long
Parliament
.
On
the
5th
.
of
July
in
the
year
last
mentioned
began
the
little
sanctified
Convention
at
Westminster
,
called
The
Fanatick
Parliament
,
in
which
nothing
(
but
some
moneths
time
and
Canting
)
having
pass'd
,
on
the
12th
.
of
December
following
they
were
turn'd
out
of
doors
too
by
mighty
Oliver
,
who
4
days
after
usurp'd
more
than
the
power
of
a
King
under
the
Title
of
Protector
.
On
the
third
of
September
1654.
another
thing
called
a
Parliament
was
assembled
,
who
beginning
to
question
the
Lawfulness
of
the
Power
by
which
they
were
called
,
were
in
some
short
time
likewise
sent
packing
.
And
now
began
the
War
with
Spain
,
on
pretence
of
injuries
to
our
Merchants
,
and
Hardships
to
English
Protestants
to
be
design'd
;
for
in
the
beginning
of
the
year
1655.
was
the
unfortunate
Expedition
to
Hispaniola
,
which
by
ill
Conduct
miscarried
;
however
in
their
return
they
took
the
Island
of
Jamaica
,
which
has
ever
since
remained
in
English
hands
,
and
is
now
become
a
flourishing
Plantation
.
On
the
17th
.
of
September
1656.
comes
another
Mock-Parliament
,
with
the
Pageantry
of
The
other
House
for
the
House
of
Lords
,
in
which
Cromwel
secretly
used
great
endeavours
to
be
made
King
,
and
by
his
Creatures
in
the
Houses
was
petitioned
to
accept
that
Title
:
but
he
having
sounded
the
business
,
and
not
finding
it
fordable
,
because
the
Army
was
so
averse
,
did
not
think
fit
to
venture
upon
't
,
and
so
publickly
refused
what
he
mainly
pursued
.
The
later
end
of
the
same
year
was
the
Trial
and
Sentence
of
James
Nailor
,
the
Ringleader
of
the
Quakers
,
who
about
Bristol
had
assumed
to
himself
Divine
Honours
,
and
for
his
Blasphemies
was
first
whipt
,
then
had
his
Tongue
bored
through
with
a
red
hot
Iron
,
and
the
Letter
B
branded
in
his
Forehead
.
In
1657.
Cromwel
carried
on
the
War
against
Spain
vigorously
at
Sea
,
General
Blake
the
22th
.
of
April
with
wonderful
Gallantry
destroying
their
Plate
Fleet
in
the
Bay
of
Sancta
Cruz
.
Besides
which
assisting
the
French
in
Flanders
with
6000
men
,
Dunkirk
was
taken
,
which
was
put
into
English
hands
.
During
these
times
there
were
ever
and
anon
Plots
forsooth
discovered
,
some
real
,
but
more
contrived
to
vex
and
fleece
the
poor
Cavaliers
:
Of
whom
,
on
that
score
,
towards
the
end
of
his
Usurpation
suffered
the
Reverend
Dr.
Hewet
,
and
the
noble
Sir
Henry
Slingsby
,
being
beheaded
on
Tower-hill
,
and
three
more
drawn
,
hang'd
,
and
quarter'd
.
But
now
this
blazing
Meteor
,
that
portended
so
much
evil
to
the
World
,
which
to
make
good
the
Presage
it self
effected
,
must
disappear
;
for
on
Friday
the
third
of
September
(
famous
to
him
for
his
two
Victories
at
Dunbar
and
Worcester
)
in
the
year
1658.
about
three
of
the
clock
in
the
Afternoon
,
died
Oliver
Cromwel
our
Protector
,
(
God
ever
protect
us
from
the
like
)
that
day
being
ushered
in
with
a
night
as
tempestuous
,
as
had
been
known
within
the
memory
of
Man
.
His
Son
Richard
took
upon
him
to
succeed
in
his
Place
and
Title
,
and
had
a
Parliament
of
his
own
,
and
received
numerous
Addresses
,
calling
him
the
Joshua
that
was
to
succeed
their
Moses
,
and
that
they
would
live
and
die
with
him
,
&c.
but
all
prov'd
Lies
,
for
in
May
following
,
the
Army
manag'd
by
Fleetwood
and
Lambert
,
calling
in
the
old
Members
of
the
Long
Parliament
,
interrupted
by
his
Father
in
1653
,
he
was
quietly
laid
aside
,
and
under
his
hand
submits
to
their
Power
.
A
Person
chiefly
unhappy
in
being
the
Son
of
such
a
Father
.
During
this
Dominion
of
the
reviv'd
Fagend
of
a
Parliament
(
thence
commonly
called
The
Rump
)
about
Harvest-time
1659.
Sir
George
Booth
and
divers
other
Gentlemen
appeared
for
the
King
;
but
failing
of
the
expected
Assistances
,
were
overcome
by
Lambert
,
who
desirous
to
tread
Olivers
steps
,
turn'd
out
the
Rump
once
again
;
and
now
the
Thing
to
govern
the
Nation
was
called
A
Council
of
Safety
,
consisting
of
23
Persons
,
for
the
most
part
Army-Officers
.
Things
being
in
this
confusion
,
the
gallant
Monk
(
inspir'd
by
Providence
)
thought
it
a
convenient
opportunity
to
stir
,
under
the
pretext
of
restoring
the
late
remnant
Parliament
,
and
though
in
the
depth
of
Winter
1659
,
marches
into
England
.
Lambert
goes
with
a
strong
Army
to
oppose
him
,
but
in
his
absence
the
Rump
once
more
gets
to
roost
,
and
dissolves
his
Committee
of
Safety
,
so
that
he
being
deserted
by
his
Souldiers
,
Monk
victorious
without
striking
a
stroke
marches
his
Army
to
London
,
out
of
which
when
he
came
near
,
he
had
prudently
caused
the
other
Forces
to
be
withdrawn
.
All
the
way
he
was
courted
in
every
County
with
Addresses
,
but
behaved
himself
still
with
that
admirable
Conduct
and
Secrecy
,
as
was
necessary
for
so
great
and
glorious
a
Design
as
he
was
engaged
in
.
However
having
some
suspitions
to
cast
him
into
disfavour
with
the
City
,
the
Rump
put
him
upon
the
unpleasing
course
of
pulling
down
their
Gates
,
&c.
But
the
very
next
day
he
fully
satisfied
the
City
by
declaring
for
a
Free
Parliament
,
and
causing
the
Secluded
Members
(
that
is
,
a
great
number
of
Parliament-men
,
which
many
years
before
had
been
illegally
thrust
out
of
the
House
,
because
they
would
not
joyn
in
the
mischievous
Votes
of
the
rest
,
tending
to
the
Murther
of
the
late
King
)
to
be
now
readmitted
to
their
places
,
who
having
made
some
progress
in
the
work
,
dissolved
themselves
,
summoning
a
new
Parliament
to
succeed
them
on
the
25th
.
of
April
1660
,
who
being
met
,
proceeded
with
such
expedition
to
give
publick
testimony
of
their
Loyalty
,
that
on
the
eighth
of
May
His
Majesty
our
gracious
Sovereign
was
proclaimed
,
to
the
universal
satisfaction
of
the
People
,
who
expressed
the
same
with
all
imaginable
demonstration
of
Joy
.
To
complete
which
on
the
29th
.
of
the
same
Moneth
(
being
his
Royal
Birth-day
)
arrived
in
England
,
and
with
him
Happiness
and
Order
to
these
three
long-distracted
Kingdoms
;
for
the
re-settlement
of
which
His
Majesty
was
most
zealous
in
promoting
and
hastening
the
Act
of
Indempnity
,
which
passed
on
the
29th
.
of
August
following
.
On
the
13th
.
of
September
1660.
died
that
most
vertuous
and
hopeful
Prince
Henry
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
the
Kings
younger
Brother
,
in
the
21th
.
year
of
his
age
;
and
about
Christmass
following
his
incomparable
Sister
Mary
Princess
of
Aurange
(
Mother
to
the
Prince
now
living
)
who
was
come
over
to
visit
the
King
her
dear
Brother
,
fell
sick
and
died
,
to
the
infinite
grief
of
His
Majesty
and
the
Court
,
she
being
buried
the
29th
.
of
December
.
On
which
day
the
Parliament
was
dissolved
,
which
(
as
His
Majesty
most
prophetically
told
them
)
will
to
all
posterity
be
celebrated
by
the
Title
of
THE
HEALING
AND
BLESSED
PARLIAMENT
.
In
Jan.
1660.
Venner
a
Wine-Cooper
by
Trade
,
and
a
Fifth-Monarchy
man
by
Profession
,
with
about
30
of
his
desperate
Gang
,
broke
out
into
a
most
Fanatick
Rebellion
in
the
City
of
London
,
in
quelling
of
whom
several
people
were
slain
,
and
the
said
Venner
and
11
of
his
Accomplices
afterwards
executed
.
The
23th
.
day
of
April
1661
,
His
Majesty
was
crowned
;
and
the
8th
.
of
May
following
a
new
Parliament
was
called
,
and
with
it
a
Convocation
of
the
Clergy
,
who
confirmed
the
Form
of
the
Common
Prayer
formerly
established
.
The
22th
.
of
May
1662.
the
King
married
the
Lady
Catarina
,
Infanta
of
Portugal
.
And
the
14th
.
of
June
following
Sir
Henry
Vane
was
beheaded
on
Tower-hill
:
John
Lambert
at
the
same
time
was
tried
,
but
by
the
Kings
mercy
had
his
Life
pardoned
;
we
wish
he
may
never
forget
so
gracious
a
favour
,
nor
again
tempt
his
own
Fate
by
subsequent
Crimes
.
Towards
the
end
of
the
year
1664.
and
the
beginning
of
65.
three
several
Comets
or
Blazing
Stars
appeared
in
the
Heavens
;
nor
were
the
events
unsuitable
to
the
Presages
,
for
immediately
after
happened
the
first
,
or
if
you
account
that
before
the
Kings
Return
,
the
second
Dutch
War
,
the
lamentable
Contagion
,
and
the
dreadful
Fire
in
London
,
of
each
of
which
I
shall
give
you
a
brief
account
.
In
1664.
Preparations
were
made
for
War
with
the
Dutch
,
and
to
provoke
us
Bankert
their
Admiral
brav'd
it
with
his
Squadron
in
our
very
River
;
but
no
grand
Engagement
happened
till
the
third
of
Juno
1665.
when
the
English
Fleet
under
the
Duke
of
York
obtained
a
signal
Victory
,
the
Dutch
losing
20
Sail
of
Ships
,
and
4000
Men
kill'd
and
wounded
,
and
their
Admiral
Opdam
blown
up
.
On
our
side
we
lost
the
Lords
Falmouth
,
Muscarry
,
Portland
,
Marlborough
,
Mr.
Boil
,
Sir
John
Lawson
,
and
Rear-Admiral
Sansom
,
and
not
above
500
common
people
.
On
the
10th
.
of
February
following
a
War
was
declared
against
France
,
but
in
the
mean
time
we
have
a
more
dreadful
Enemy
than
either
of
them
both
to
grapple
with
,
to
wit
,
a
most
devouring
Pestilence
,
which
began
to
be
taken
notice
of
in
May
1665
,
one
weeks
Bill
having
then
9
in
it
of
the
Plague
,
which
much
alarm'd
people
;
but
the
next
week
it
decreasing
to
3
,
their
fears
abate
;
but
next
week
it
swells
to
14
,
then
to
17
,
next
to
43
,
and
so
continually
all
June
,
July
,
&c.
till
at
the
later
end
of
August
there
died
within
the
Bills
of
Mortality
6102
,
of
the
Plague
onely
in
one
week
,
and
afterwards
in
the
third
week
of
September
(
which
was
the
highest
Bill
of
all
)
the
number
did
arise
to
7165.
From
which
time
it
abated
till
towards
January
,
and
then
the
City
was
wholly
free
;
there
dying
that
year
within
the
Bills
of
Mortality
of
the
Plague
(
as
is
verily
believed
)
One
hundred
thousand
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Court
and
Parliament
retire
to
Oxford
,
and
there
grant
the
King
Twelve
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
pounds
to
carry
on
the
War
.
In
the
year
1666.
our
Fleet
put
to
Sea
,
under
Prince
Rupert
and
the
Duke
of
Albemarl
,
and
the
former
being
gone
with
a
Squadron
to
intercept
the
French
Fleet
which
was
expected
,
the
Dutch
in
the
mean
time
come
up
with
the
later
,
who
on
the
first
of
June
,
with
the
disadvantage
of
but
54
Sail
against
91
of
the
Enemy
engaged
them
,
who
were
reinforced
next
day
with
another
Recruit
,
so
that
he
was
forced
to
fight
them
two
days
together
,
till
the
Prince
came
up
,
and
then
after
a
sharp
Dispute
for
almost
a
whole
day
,
they
fled
,
leaving
us
Masters
of
the
Sea
,
though
much
shattered
and
considerable
loss
,
which
on
their
side
was
nothing
inferiour
.
In
this
fight
Sir
George
Ascough
was
taken
.
On
the
25
and
26
of
July
happened
another
Engagement
,
wherein
the
English
obtained
an
indisputable
Victory
;
the
Dutch
taking
shelter
in
their
Sands
,
and
soon
after
Sir
Robert
Holmes
burnt
150
of
their
Merchants
Ships
in
the
Vly
.
On
the
second
of
September
1666.
being
Sunday
,
about
two
of
the
clock
in
the
morning
began
the
dreadful
fire
in
a
Bakers
house
by
Pudding-lane
near
Fish-street
Hill
,
which
soon
invaded
St.
Magnes
Church
,
and
destroyed
it
;
then
it
burnt
down
a
great
stack
of
Building
on
the
Bridge
,
but
being
happily
stopt
from
further
progress
that
way
,
runs
along
Thames-street
Westward
,
having
got
as
far
that
night
as
Garlick-hithe
,
and
crept
up
into
Cannon-street
.
On
the
Monday
Grace-church
street
and
part
of
Fanchurch
street
are
all
in
flames
,
which
making
way
into
Cornhill
consume
that
stately
street
,
together
with
the
Royal
Exchange
.
On
Monday
night
the
Fire
works
backwards
strangely
against
the
wind
beyond
Belinsgate
,
and
up
to
Tower-street
;
Westward
it
comes
to
Dowgate
and
Watling-street
,
and
so
proceeds
as
a
Conqueror
into
Cheapside
.
On
Tuesday
Cheapside
and
the
streets
contiguous
,
as
Soper-lane
,
Bow-lane
,
Bread-street
,
St.
Pauls
Church
,
Pater
noster
Row
,
and
Ludgate
submit
to
its
fury
;
and
Guild-hall
as
a
Palace
of
burnish'd
Brass
stands
for
several
hours
like
one
bright
burning
coal
,
a
most
amazing
Spectacle
.
On
Wednesday
morning
the
Fire
receives
some
check
at
Leaden-hall
,
the
Temple
,
&c.
wherein
blowing
up
of
houses
was
very
instrumental
;
and
on
Thursday
the
Flames
were
extinguish'd
,
having
consumed
87
Parishes
within
the
Walls
,
and
done
much
damage
in
the
Suburbs
.
The
29
June
1667.
was
concluded
a
Peace
at
Breda
between
the
English
and
Dutch
;
but
before
the
same
was
ratified
they
did
us
some
mischief
at
Chatham
,
and
carried
away
with
them
the
Jonathan
a
small
Dutch
Prize
,
and
the
Hull
of
the
Royal
Charles
;
an
Exploit
whereof
they
have
little
to
brag
,
being
rather
fortunate
than
wise
,
for
't
was
a
million
to
one
that
it
had
not
miscarried
and
endangered
all
their
Fleet
.
The
31
Aug.
1669.
died
the
Queen
Mother
of
England
at
St.
Colomb
in
France
;
and
on
the
fourth
of
January
following
His
Grace
George
Monk
Duke
of
Albemarl
.
The
20
Iune
1670.
died
the
Dutchess
of
Orleans
,
presently
after
her
return
from
paying
a
Visit
to
her
Brother
the
King
of
Great
Britain
.
In
the
beginning
of
1672.
began
the
second
Dutch
War
,
and
the
28th
.
of
May
the
Dutch
are
beaten
by
the
English
Fleet
under
the
Duke
of
York
at
Sould-bay
,
where
the
Earl
of
Sandwich
was
unfortunately
lost
.
In
1673.
Prince
Rupert
commanded
the
Fleet
,
who
likewise
on
28
May
fought
the
Dutch
,
and
made
them
retreat
.
And
so
he
did
again
on
4
Iune
following
,
and
obtained
another
Victory
on
the
11
August
,
but
not
without
losing
that
expert
Sea-Commander
Sir
Edward
Spragg
;
and
in
Ianuary
following
a
Peace
was
concluded
with
Holland
.
On
20
Sept.
1675.
the
far
greater
part
of
that
eminent
Corporation
of
Northampton
was
burnt
down
to
the
ground
.
The
like
sad
fate
on
26
May
1676.
befell
the
Borough
of
Southwark
.
Thus
have
we
with
as
much
fulness
and
plainness
as
might
consist
with
our
designed
brevity
,
given
you
an
account
of
the
most
remarkable
occurrences
in
the
Kingdom
of
England
,
both
before
and
since
the
Conquest
down
to
our
Times
,
which
leaving
to
the
courteous
entertainment
of
the
Reader
,
I
shall
conclude
this
Epitome
of
English
History
with
hearty
prayers
,
That
God
would
long
preserve
the
Monarchy
of
Great
Britain
,
protect
the
person
of
our
Gracious
Sovereign
,
and
continue
in
full
splendour
amongst
us
the
true
Protestant
Religion
,
in
spight
of
all
publick
Enemies
or
private
Confederacies
whatsoever
.
FINIS
.