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THOMAS
WHITE
THOMAS
HOBBS
ROGER
COKE
Tho.
Newcomb
G.
Bedell
T.
Collins
(
Most
Eminent
of
Kings
!
)
Hugo
Grotius
De
Jure
Belli
&
Pacis
Great
Sir
Act
of
Oblivion
Osyris
,
Isis
,
Iupiter
,
Apollo
,
Prematur , nunquam Opprimitur veritas .
Nulla res magis operae pretium est , sive ad utilitatem fructuosior , sive ad animi voluptatem jucundior esse potest quàm Justitia , quâ quidem post Deum Immortalem , rerum omnium Publicarum Fundamenta , nituntur .
Corruptio verò optimi , est pessima .
ROGER
COKE
T.
N.
G.
Bedel
T.
Collins
viz.
That
all
men
by
Nature
,
or
the
Law
of
Nature
,
are
in
a
like
equal
condition
;
and
that
the
Laws
of
Nature
are
eternal
,
and
immutable
even
by
God
himself
:
viz.
Who
should
define
at
what
age
the
Men
should
be
,
who
should
constitute
this
Sublata
causa
,
tollitur
&
effectus
jus
naturae
Posthumus
King
New
Testament
By
God
Kings
raign
,
and
Princes
decree
Hugo
Grotius
viz.
From
the
Pacts
and
contracts
of
Men
in
a
parity
and
equal
condition
That
all
Men
are
in
a
parity
and
equal
condition
,
and
may
kill
one
another
without
any
offence
or
sin
;
and
that
Men
continue
in
this
estate
,
until
by
their
civil
Pact
,
they
oblige
themselves
to
one
another
,
that
the
will
of
the
shall
be
the
will
of
them
all
.
De
jure
Belli
&
Pacis
Aristotle
,
Eth.
Lib.
Communes
Notiones
Scientia
est
actio
,
ars
effectio
.
viz.
That
there
is
one
God
infinitely
good
,
who
is
to
be
worshiped
and
served
by
man
;
And
that
this
God
requires
of
every
man
,
that
in
that
state
wherein
he
hath
made
him
,
he
would
not
willingly
do
that
to
another
,
which
he
would
not
have
done
to
himself
:
Omnis
definitio
;
est
exclusio
aequivoci
.
(
Cap.
Mr.
Hobbs
Oxe
knows
his
owner
,
and
the
Ass
his
masters
crib
,
To
believe
there
is
a
God
to
be
worshiped
and
served
;
and
that
no
man
should
wilfully
,
in
that
state
and
condition
wherein
God
hath
made
him
,
do
that
to
another
,
which
he
would
not
have
done
to
himself
Sun
,
Moon
Oak
,
Apollo
,
Jupiter
Tho.
Whites
The
Grounds
of
Obedience
and
Government
?
Tho.
White
all
Supreme
Power
is
originally
created
by
Mens
wills
subject
to
it
:
in
quirpo
(
Reader
viz.
That
men
by
nature
are
in
a
parity
or
equal
condition
:
All
powers
are
of
God
No
power
can
be
given
but
from
above
,
De
Cive
,
De
Jure
Belli
&
Pacis
,
Grounds
of
Obedience
and
Government
Cur supra bellum Thebanum , & funera Trojae , Non alias , alii quoque res cecinêre Poetae ?
Walt.
Raleigh
Hist.
World
,
lib.
Grounds
of
Obedience
and
Government
Regal
power
Bodin
de
Repub.
Grotius
de
Jure
Belli
&
Pacis
,
Cornelius
Blaeu
de
Cive
L.
Elzevirius
Grounds
of
Obedience
and
Government
Tho.
White
J.
Flesher
Tho.
White
Lewis
Elzevirius
Anal.
Post
William
Harvey
Analyt
.
Post
.
Lib.
cap.
ult
multi
multa
,
nemo
omnia
vidit
.
est
cujus
nulla
pars
est
a
priori
Meta.
l.
that
experiment
proceeds
from
many
memories
,
or
memory
multiplied
,
and
that
proceed
from
experiment
Met.
lib.
an
finem
artem
efficit
,
imperitia
vero
casum
,
there
can
be
no
prudent
or
truly
knowing
Man
,
which
by
his
proper
experiment
,
hath
not
throughly
understood
a
thing
to
be
so
.
From
hence
it
is
(
viz.
many
pretenders
to
knowledge
,
and
Sophisters
cropping
of
the
inventions
of
other
Men
,
the
same
things
every
where
(
the
order
only
,
and
words
changed
,
and
a
few
things
of
small
moment
added
)
do
confidently
challenge
for
their
own
;
and
render
Philosophy
,
which
ought
to
be
certain
and
perspicuons
)
obscure
,
intricate
,
and
confused
.
a
posteriori
,
viz.
a
posteriori
a
priori
that
there
is
no
knowledge
innate
in
Man
Chap.
Gen.
to
beleeve
,
that
God
made
Heaven
and
Earth
,
Man
and
all
other
Creatures
(
Eve
per
metamorphosin
Comment
of
the
Sentences
de
voc.
Gent.
cap.
Voluntas
cogi
non
potest
Voluntas
cogi
non
potest
Aristotle
Eth.
l.
Aristotle
l.
Appetitus
,
Cupiditas
,
&
Voluntas
,
Nam scelus intra se tacitum qui cogitat ullum , Juv. Sat. 14. Facti crimen habet .
viz.
appetitus
&
timor
Aristotle
,
Eth.
Lib.
Plato
(
Meno
.
Arist.
Eth.
lib.
Virgil.
Aenead
Nostram
nunc
accipe
mentem
Aristotle
,
Pol.
lib.
That
the
minde
of
Man
hath
the
dominion
of
all
his
actions
,
and
passions
,
as
a
King
or
hath
over
his
subjects
as
the
Ox
knows
his
owner
,
and
the
Ass
his
Masters
Crib
Anal.
post.
cap.
ult.
Meta.
l.
De
gen
,
anim
.
Pag.
de
Gen.
Anim.
(
viz.
(
viz.
Eth.
lib.
Arist.
l.
Aristotle
,
Eth.
lib.
Aristotle
,
Eth.
lib.
(
cap.
work
out
their
salvation
with
fear
and
trembling
.
in
Thesi
Let
all
things
be
done
decently
and
in
order
Let
prayers
and
supplications
be
made
for
all
men
,
&c.
Polybius
,
Livy
,
Plutarch
Caesar
,
Hanibal
,
Alexander
,
&c.
New
Testament
necessitate
absoluta
necessitate
medii
necessitate
absoluta
necessitate
medii
necessitate
absoluta
Annot.
Pag.
de
Gen.
An.
Omnis
homo
est
animal
:
Homo
He
is
a
fool
that
rages
and
is
confident
.
pingui
Minerva
The
Ox
knows
his
owner
,
and
the
Ass
his
masters
crib
,
Conclusio
sequitur
deteriorem
partem
St.
Joneses
a
priori
a
Posteriori
a
posteriori
a
Posteriori
.
Annot.
a
Posteriori
a
posteriori
That
they
had
seen
two
things
equal
to
a
third
,
and
not
equal
to
one
another
;
or
that
they
had
seen
an
Orthogonial
Triangle
,
the
square
of
whose
subtending
side
were
not
equal
to
the
squares
of
the
comprehending
sides
;
or
a
right
lined
Triangle
,
whose
three
angles
were
not
equal
to
two
right
,
&c.
I
ought
not
to
serve
God
,
nor
honor
my
King
and
Parents
,
nor
keep
promise
,
nor
give
every
man
his
due
,
&c.
Eucl.
Proportio
est
rationum
similitudo
viz.
sesquialtera
viz.
dupla
Eth.
lib.
Aristotle
,
Scientia
de
facto
That
there
can
be
no
prudent
and
truly
de
Gen.
Anim.
knowing
man
,
who
by
his
own
experience
hath
not
throughly
understood
a
thing
to
be
so
;
for
,
without
that
,
we
only
have
Opinion
,
and
believe
;
but
the
Knowledge
is
rather
to
be
esteemed
other
mens
,
then
ours
:
Felix quem fac●unt aliena pericula cantum .
à
Posteriori
Si placet in Logica , nil vetat esse novum .
Why
of
all
other
living
Creatures
which
are
of
different
natures
from
Man
,
we
easily
attain
to
the
mastery
and
rule
,
but
few
Men
are
so
intelligent
as
to
be
fit
to
govern
Men
,
and
those
the
worthiest
part
of
mankinde
?
but
few
Men
,
&c.
We
need
not
look
into
Philosophy
,
nor
study
learned
Books
,
to
know
that
the
nature
of
man
is
inclined
to
have
its
own
will
,
and
casts
all
things
which
are
under
his
consideration
to
compass
and
effect
it
:
As
also
every
ordinary
mans
knowledge
and
consideration
,
is
far
beyond
any
we
finde
in
other
living
creatures
;
and
by
consequence
,
is
far
less
easily
masterable
then
any
of
them
.
Whence
we
may
plainly
collect
,
That
were
it
possible
for
a
Governor
to
make
every
single
Person
in
his
Dominion
understand
particularly
,
that
what
was
ordered
by
the
Government
,
was
his
own
truest
Interest
;
such
an
one
would
be
the
most
absolute
and
perfect
Governor
;
and
infallibly
would
finde
the
charge
of
governing
most
easie
and
sweet
,
as
well
to
himself
as
subjects
.
Of
driving
a
Wedge
into
a
hard
piece
of
Wood
,
and
of
Blacksmiths
laying
their
Iron
upon
their
Anvile
in
a
scituation
below
their
Heads
.
Upon
which
Principle
it
is
,
that
they
who
tutor
Dogs
,
Horses
,
Elephants
,
and
Hawks
,
knowing
the
ordinary
attractive
of
Beasts
to
be
meats
,
and
some
kinde
of
flattery
,
make
them
to
understand
to
the
proportion
of
their
capacity
,
that
to
do
the
action
they
breed
them
for
,
gains
them
food
:
To
which
they
joyn
also
certain
motions
of
stroaking
and
gentle
words
,
that
make
an
impression
in
the
Beast
of
its
own
excellency
,
and
that
it
pleases
its
Master
.
In
like
manner
to
deter
them
from
certain
actions
,
Cudgels
,
whips
,
and
harsh
words
are
used
,
which
have
a
notabler
efficacy
then
one
could
imagine
,
if
he
saw
it
not
by
exerperience
.
This
(
viz.
applied
to
mankinde
,
drives
the
effect
home
for
Man
being
a
Rational
Creature
,
(
whose
inclination
is
to
work
according
to
Knowledge
)
desires
to
know
that
the
work
prescribed
him
,
is
good
.
That
the
Nature
of
Man
is
to
be
free
;
and
to
act
whatever
he
does
,
because
it
seems
best
unto
him
.
That
to
make
Men
work
freely
,
is
to
determine
their
actions
;
and
concludes
,
That
if
Reasons
were
solid
,
when
the
Governor
proposed
them
,
such
must
of
necessity
be
for
the
most
part
the
sequel
.
Experience
maketh
this
same
as
manifest
as
Reason
concludeth
it
of
a
Mother
and
Nurse
,
and
of
a
Sucking
Childe
,
and
gay
things
,
That
the
perfection
of
Government
agreed
on
by
all
hands
,
is
to
make
the
obeyer
understand
,
that
it
is
his
own
profit
the
action
aims
at
.
Esdras
,
Accendam
in
corde
tuo
lucernam
intellectus
:
Childrens
inability
of
judging
,
and
of
the
grossness
of
the
capacity
of
others
.
Tho.
White
How
most
spend
their
time
in
business
,
and
the
Prince
must
trust
his
Physitian
,
Mariner
,
Soldier
,
Lawyer
,
Cook
,
Brewer
,
Baker
,
and
divers
other
Trades
and
Knowledges
,
which
he
hath
no
possibility
to
understand
so
perfectly
as
to
be
a
master
in
them
.
Nevertheless
Nature
does
not
recede
wholly
from
her
Principle
,
in
thus
subjecting
one
mans
understanding
to
anothers
,
and
the
greater
most
times
to
the
lesser
;
for
it
does
not
this
otherwise
,
then
by
making
the
party
subjected
,
see
,
it
is
his
own
good
to
trust
anothers
skill
.
That
the
party
subjected
,
is
still
free
and
Master
of
his
own
action
,
and
the
commanding
part
of
it
.
God
has
no
irrational
,
or
dead
title
over
his
Creatures
.
As
he
has
none
in
himself
,
so
likewise
has
he
not
given
any
to
those
he
hath
put
in
Authority
.
OUt
of
this
we
may
easily
understand
what
Nature
intends
by
the
vertue
of
Obedience
,
and
what
are
the
limits
and
laws
of
it
;
For
it
is
plain
,
that
the
immediate
end
is
,
that
our
works
and
all
that
concern
us
may
be
well
done
,
even
to
those
things
wherein
our selves
have
no
skill
,
or
not
enough
;
and
the
more
remote
end
to
be
atchieved
by
this
,
is
that
our
life
may
be
good
and
happy
,
and
the
end
of
nature
arrived
at
by
us
.
Geometry
,
Physick
,
Philosophy
Indemonstrable
Propositions
Definitio
est
exclusio
aequivoci
Obedience
then
is
the
conformation
of
ones
will
to
the
rules
&
precepts
of
his
superior
:
The
Conditions
are
three
That
I
must
trust
my
Lawyer
and
my
Physitian
,
though
I
be
neither
.
That
he
be
an
Honorable
person
in
whom
we
deal
.
Obedience
to
be
a
principal
vertue
,
Sacrifice
of
Fools
We
know
,
by
consequence
how
excellent
a
vertue
this
act
of
Obedience
is
;
having
a
motive
of
so
great
a
price
and
high
elevation
above
other
ordinary
employments
,
which
reach
no
farther
then
to
his
private
good
.
In
renouncing
the
power
of
our
Will
,
we
renounce
our
Understanding
also
.
Grounds
of
Obedience
and
Government
Servants
owe
their
Masters
no
obedience
,
but
fidelity
only
.
viz.
A
man
buyes
a
piece
of
Cloth
or
other
merchandise
of
another
,
and
pays
for
it
;
And
therefore
Servants
owe
their
Masters
no
obedience
.
In
pure
Morality
he
may
falsifie
and
break
promise
,
if
he
save
any
thing
by
it
,
and
is
better
then
his
word
.
Servants
be
obedient
to
them
that
are
your
Masters
according
to
the
flesh
,
&c.
The
next
Consideration
may
appear
too
Metaphysical
a
Nicety
for
a
Moral
Treatise
:
Reason
,
which
takes
nothing
to
be
good
,
but
what
is
good
for
a
mans
self
;
and
makes
it
the
rule
of
his
actions
,
to
do
what
is
fitting
for
him
,
or
conformable
to
his
,
that
is
,
to
a
Rational
nature
.
But
this
is
a
rule
by
which
he
treats
Horses
,
Dogs
,
Trees
,
and
Stones
,
&c.
and
runs
through
all
his
actions
.
Habenda
est
ratio
honoris
Habenda
est
ratio
rei
familiaris
à
posteriori
:
A
priori
Orbis
magnus
Ovid.
Metam
.
Pronaque cum spectant anamalia caetera terram , Os homini sublime dedit , coelumque tueri Jussit , & erectos ad sydera tollere vultus .
Sanctius his animal , mentisque capacius altae Deerat adhuc , & quod dominari in caetera possit , Natus homo est —
of
a
Tailor
and
a
Mariner
,
That
now
not
the
nature
of
two
men
,
but
their
words
and
what
follows
out
of
them
,
ground
their
being
active
and
passive
:
This
power
of
activity
is
in
Latine
called
in
English
,
Right
or
Due
.
He
that
makes
a
promise
to
another
man
,
puts
himself
and
his
Promissary
into
a
rank
of
agencie
and
patiencie
,
upon
a
new
score
,
to
wit
that
of
Fidelity
and
Negotiating
.
Right
or
Due
Non propriae telluris herum natura nec illum Nec me , nec quenquam statuit .
It
is
fit
to
understand
why
Men
desire
to
live
in
Flocks
and
Multitudes
.
Non
omnis
fert
omnia
tellus
,
)
The
first
community
is
of
Man
and
Wife
,
That
the
first
Origine
of
Mens
meeting
and
living
together
,
is
,
that
Men
are
most
burthensome
to
themselves
when
they
are
alone
,
and
seek
company
to
divert
themselves
,
so
to
elude
the
length
of
time
.
That
God
and
Nature
have
so
managed
mankind
,
that
no
one
has
of
himself
as
much
as
he
desires
,
but
regularly
aboundeth
in
one
kind
of
goods
,
and
wants
some
other
which
his
neighbour
has
.
For
he
that
finds
himself
stored
with
those
things
which
he
and
others
love
,
is
subject
to
feare
those
whom
he
suspects
able
to
bereave
him
of
them
,
and
so
seeks
company
of
friends
for
protection
.
agrees
both
with
Philosophy
and
Morality
,
Trustee
,
who
ought
rather
to
be
a
good
and
a
wise
Man
,
then
a
Foole
and
Knave
,
You
see
Government
is
naturally
a
Power
of
directing
the
Common
Affaires
of
the
Multitude
,
by
a
voluntary
submission
of
the
Communities
wills
to
their
Governors
.
(
Ground
he
cannot
see
how
it
can
be
pleasing
to
God
,
't
is
like
a
Mans
mangling
himself
,
or
guelding
himself
,
or
chaining
himself
to
a
Hill
,
that
he
might
not
go
thence
for
Gods
sake
:
It
is
evident
by
this
Resignation
of
the
Peoples
will
,
the
Magistrate
receives
such
an
activity
and
power
,
as
he
has
explicated
before
,
did
arise
out
of
a
mans
promise
to
his
Neighbor
.
Simeon
Styletes
No
moderate
and
discreet
person
can
doubt
,
but
a
Government
so
ordered
,
is
both
necessary
and
connatural
to
a
rational
multitude
,
and
in
a
word
,
such
as
Humane
nature
requires
,
and
is
the
best
,
if
not
the
onely
that
sutes
to
the
disposition
of
freemen
and
prudent
.
Second
Ground
That
the
nature
of
Man
reacheth
not
to
the
perfection
of
Government
:
(
Ground
his
Absolute
Governor
tyed
up
to
certain
Laws
and
Limits
,
which
he
has
no
right
to
transgress
.
Absolute
Governor
Roman
Dictator
Fabius
Maximus
Plutar.
in
vita
Fabii
&
Liv.
lib.
Athenian
Archon
Absolute
Governor
Absolute
Governor
,
but
restrained
and
tied
up
to
certain
Laws
and
Limits
.
in
esse
Supream
Prince
King
of
England
Coelius
,
Cassius
,
Sempronius
,
&c.
Coelius
,
Cassius
Sempronius
.
by
hook
or
crook
Edward
Coke
By
this
Statute
the
King
can
raise
none
,
but
by
Parliament
Brotherly
Assistance
We
must
first
look
into
the
notion
of
Slavery
,
which
signifies
a
Subjection
to
command
in
all
things
,
and
that
meerly
for
the
Masters
profit
.
It
is
clearly
against
nature
for
a
man
to
submit
his
will
so
far
,
as
to
renounce
his
eternal
bliss
.
Subjection
to
be
killed
or
maimed
causelesly
,
nay
,
or
to
be
so
penuriously
abused
,
as
to
have
no
content
in
life
It
is
evidently
against
the
inclination
of
nature
,
to
consent
to
the
loss
either
of
life
,
or
the
profit
of
life
,
which
is
either
to
be
well
in
this
world
,
or
the
next
:
And
therefore
it
cannot
be
conformable
to
nature
,
to
renounce
either
,
especially
the
quiet
in
this
world
,
being
the
means
to
gain
bliss
in
the
other
.
Nor
does
it
scare
to
cast
his
eyes
upon
so
many
holy
men
and
women
,
as
have
put
themselves
voluntarily
upon
penurious
and
painful
lives
,
because
they
enjoy
the
fruit
of
contemplation
,
and
sweetness
of
Conscience
in
expecting
a
great
reward
for
what
they
did
:
But
for
a
man
to
renounce
the
content
of
this
,
who
either
thinks
not
of
another
,
or
at
least
hopes
nothing
out
of
his
resignation
,
this
must
of
necessity
be
extreamly
irrational
,
and
against
nature
.
Oderunt peccare boni , virtutis amore ; Horace . Oderunt peccare mali , formidine poenae .
Grounds
of
Obedience
and
Government
(
Bodin
Bodln
,
cap.
Cap.
Domestical
Power
Mahometans
,
Jews
Bodin
de
Repub.
cap.
Edward
Coke
Cap.
Villenage
how
a
Nation
may
enslave
it self
by
its
too
much
wit
takes
care
that
it
be
not
our
case
.
Whether
any
Nation
be
by
nature
born
to
slavery
?
Joseph
,
and
the
Nation
of
Egypt
a
Nation
and
Nature
,
and
how
like
Nation
sounds
to
Nature
,
Out
of
this
Conclusion
it
is
is
easily
seen
,
that
the
and
other
whatsoever
Governments
setled
upon
this
principle
,
That
the
goods
and
lives
of
the
Subjects
are
the
Princes
,
not
to
defend
(
as
our
Laws
go
)
but
to
dispose
at
will
,
&c.
neither
do
,
nor
can
breed
any
obligation
of
Obedience
in
the
Subject
,
more
then
of
Fear
,
and
present
Utility
.
to
be
subject
to
the
higher
Powers
,
To
submit
our selves
to
every
ordinance
of
man
for
the
Lords
sake
,
whether
to
the
King
as
supreme
,
&c.
)
Tyrannical
,
&c.
Romans
,
&c.
Cethegus
,
Lentulus
,
Longinus
,
&c.
Mamertines
,
(
Livy
lib.
Walter
Raleigh
Athenians
,
Lacedemonians
,
Arcadians
,
Corinthians
,
Achaeans
,
&c.
Camillus
,
Coriolanus
Scipio's
,
African
Where
the
Syracusans
,
before
his
time
,
made
it
their
pastime
to
reward
the
vertue
of
their
worthiest
Commanders
with
death
or
banishment
.
And
lost
the
whole
Athenian
Army
in
consisting
of
above
forty
thousand
men
,
for
fear
if
he
had
preserved
them
,
he
should
have
been
proscribed
or
put
to
death
by
the
Athenians
.
Themistocles
,
Alcibiades
,
Hermocrates
Dion
?
&c.
the
obeyer
does
not
understand
that
it
is
his
own
profit
which
the
action
aims
at
,
Livy
lib.
Absolute
Governor
Absolute
Governor
(
Ground
(
Ground
(
Gr.
The
lawfulness
of
a
Soveraign
Commander
is
no
other
,
then
that
he
truly
thinketh
to
be
for
the
good
of
the
Commonwealth
.
Tyrannical
Governors
WE
have
long
talked
of
a
Supreme
Governor
;
it
is
time
we
should
point
him
out
,
that
he
may
be
known
.
And
since
all
agree
that
there
are
three
sorts
of
Government
,
when
they
are
simple
,
there
can
be
no
doubt
who
is
the
Supreme
Magistrate
.
Now
mingled
they
may
be
,
either
continually
,
as
when
all
parts
mixed
are
so
often
engaged
that
their
Authorities
run
joyntly
,
or
else
some
are
continual
,
others
but
at
certain
terms
.
Monarchy
,
Aristocracy
viz.
Monarchy
,
Aristocracy
Democracy
;
Monarchy
Aristocracy
,
Monarchy
Democracy
:
Aristocracy
Monarchy
,
Aristocracy
Monarchy
,
Aristocracy
is
,
if
it
be
mixed
Regia
Majestas
est
indivisibilis
)
with
so
that
they
be
continually
joynt
Actors
,
the
is
but
a
Servant
,
and
the
other
part
the
Master
.
Venice
,
Genoa
viz.
The
quarrel
to
be
more
ballanced
,
because
the
Government
is
divided
in
its
self
,
and
therefore
dangerous
.
but
if
Aristocracy
gets
power
enough
,
she
is
in
posture
of
Supreme
Authority
.
can
hardly
be
so
mixed
,
that
be
perpetual
,
and
by
spurts
:
for
that
is
not
the
said
Monarch
being
not
long
enough
in
Power
to
be
accounted
a
setled
Magistrate
,
as
we
see
in
the
among
the
Obedience
and
Government
may
resist
It
is
evident
,
if
it
be
rational
to
resist
Government
,
it
will
be
lawful
also
to
break
and
remove
it
,
No
supreme
Magistrate
can
be
bound
to
any
Laws
,
contrary
to
good
Government
●herein
consists
the
Liberty
of
the
Subject
:
Of
the
▪
dispossession
of
a
Supreme
Governor
and
his
Right
:
Of
a
Governor
dispossessed
tells
us
that
Pope
the
eight
was
an
Intelligent
generous
Prince
,
and
well
versed
in
publick
Government
,
and
he
made
a
decision
,
that
after
five
years
quiet
possession
of
an
Estate
,
the
Church
was
not
bound
to
take
notice
whether
the
title
were
lawful
or
no
:
Hist.
Con.
Triden
Grounds
of
Obedience
and
Government
De
Cive
That
the
beginning
of
Civil
Society
,
is
from
Mutual
Fear
.
He
fears
that
some
men
may
deny
it
;
yea
,
it
is
true
,
that
very
many
men
do
deny
it
.
De
Cive
That
all
Cities
,
although
they
be
at
peace
with
their
neighbors
,
yet
keep
Garrisons
and
Soldiers
upon
their
Frontiers
:
And
that
when
men
go
to
sleep
,
they
shut
their
doors
;
and
that
men
taking
a
journey
,
do
it
with
a
sword
;
and
that
men
treat
usually
,
before
they
fight
.
(
chap.
not
only
for
wrath
but
also
for
conscience
sake
Liberty
,
Empire
There
goes
HOBBS
the
Atheist
De
Cive
fungorum
more
Whoso
sheddeth
mans
blood
,
by
man
shall
his
blood
be
shed
,
for
in
the
image
of
God
made
he
man
.
Nature
hath
given
to
every
Man
a
Right
to
all
things
,
Annot.
art
Luke
,
cap.
The
state
of
Man
in
Nature
,
is
hostile
.
Men
in
the
state
of
Nature
may
kill
one
another
,
so
often
as
it
seems
good
unto
them
.
by
seeking
is
the
first
Law
of
Nature
.
God
hath
made
Man
upright
,
and
he
hath
sought
out
many
inventions
his
conservation
cannot
be
long
expected
?
Aristotle
Eth.
lib.
De
Cive
The
action
of
two
men
,
or
more
,
mutually
transferring
their
Rights
,
is
called
a
Contract
In
every
Contract
,
either
both
perform
that
which
is
contracted
for
or
one
performs
,
and
the
other
is
credited
;
or
neither
perform
.
Where
both
soon
after
perform
,
there
the
Contract
so
soon
as
it
is
performed
,
is
fulfilled
or
finished
.
Where
one
,
or
both
are
credited
,
there
he
,
promiseth
that
he
will
afterwards
perform
,
such
promise
is
called
a
Pact
.
We
are
freed
from
Pacts
by
two
things
,
either
when
the
Pact
is
performed
,
or
forgiven
No
man
by
his
Pact
is
obliged
to
an
Impossibility
.
No
man
can
be
obliged
by
his
Pact
,
not
to
resist
him
,
who
brings
or
intends
damage
to
his
body
.
Men
must
not
resist
where
they
cannot
obey
Princes
,
because
it
is
against
the
Civil
pact
Men
must
suffer
martyrdom
,
rather
then
resist
An
Oath
adds
nothing
to
the
obligation
of
a
Pact
or
Contract
,
Tho.
Hobbs
.
by
the
Lord
God
of
heaven
,
and
the
God
of
the
earth
,
that
he
should
not
take
a
wife
to
his
son
of
the
daughters
of
Cannaan
.
The
second
Law
of
Nature
,
is
,
Men
must
stand
to
their
pacts
.
said
to
let
there
be
no
strife
I
pray
thee
,
between
thee
and
me
,
and
between
my
Herdsmen
and
thy
Herdsmen
:
behold
the
whole
Land
is
before
thee
,
depart
from
me
I
pray
thee
.
And
there
was
a
strife
between
the
Herdsmen
of
cattel
,
and
the
Herdsmen
of
The
succession
was
due
to
by
the
Law
of
Nature
,
being
the
eldest
son
of
if
he
had
not
sold
it
,
or
his
Father
otherwise
appointed
.
the
Laws
of
Nature
are
immutable
the
Father
may
alter
them
,
and
the
Son
sell
them
.
The
submission
to
the
will
of
one
Man
,
or
one
Council
,
then
becomes
the
will
of
them
all
,
when
every
one
of
them
obliges
himself
by
pact
to
one
another
,
not
to
resist
the
will
of
this
Man
,
or
this
Council
to
which
he
hath
submitted
himself
.
The
Right
of
punishing
,
is
then
to
be
understood
to
be
given
to
any
one
,
when
every
one
doth
covenant
that
he
will
afford
no
help
to
him
who
shall
be
punished
.
If
one
may
command
any
thing
upon
pain
of
Temporal
death
,
and
another
forbids
it
upon
penalty
of
eternal
death
,
it
will
follow
,
not
only
innocent
Citizens
may
be
punished
,
but
the
City
it self
be
dissolved
,
for
no
Man
can
serve
two
Masters
.
Littleton
Hom.
cap.
There
are
some
doctrines
held
by
which
Citizens
are
impowered
Annot.
art
to
deny
Obedience
to
the
and
to
fight
against
Supreme
Princes
and
Powers
,
and
that
by
Right
,
yea
it
behoves
them
;
and
this
belongs
to
the
power
which
many
do
attribute
to
the
Prince
of
the
Church
of
and
to
the
power
also
which
Bishops
otherwhere
,
out
of
the
Church
of
ascribe
to
themselves
England
,
Ireland
that
servants
have
no
property
against
their
Masters
not
to
arise
from
Generation
Children
are
subject
to
their
Father
,
no
otherwise
then
Servants
are
subject
to
their
Masters
It
is
a
seditious
opinion
,
that
Faith
and
Sanctity
are
not
acquired
by
reason
,
and
study
,
but
alwaies
supernaturally
infused
and
inspired
prope
finem
,
There
is
but
one
way
to
Science
,
by
definitions
:
but
this
way
to
Faith
does
hurt
.
Lex
naturalis
,
est
Lex
divina
.
De
Civie
It
is
impossible
for
the
Civil
Law
to
command
any
thing
contrary
to
the
Law
of
Nature
Thou
shalt
not
steal
Honor
thy
Parents
,
Be
grateful
for
benefits
received
,
&c.
de
facto
It
is
impossible
for
the
to
command
any
thing
contrary
to
the
Law
of
Nature
.
That
the
commands
nothing
Ibidem
.
Observ.
to
the
contumely
of
God
.
For
then
they
are
no
Laws
.
Quid
sit
Adulterium
,
does
depend
upon
the
Tyranny
is
not
a
State
of
a
City
,
different
from
rightful
Monarchy
.
it
is
only
mens
wills
from
which
all
Power
in
Government
is
derived
,
and
to
which
Men
ought
to
be
subject
.
of
their
Power
is
a
King
that
rules
well
,
and
he
is
a
Tyrant
that
rules
otherwise
.
sheddeth
mans
blood
,
by
man
shall
his
blood
be
shed
,
for
in
the
image
of
God
made
he
man
.
and
Cap.
in
the
state
of
pure
nature
,
jure
naturali
everlastingly
kill
one
another
,
and
commit
no
offence
,
if
the
King
or
not
restrain
it
Dominium
paternum
non
oritur
ex
By
me
Kings
reign
,
and
Princes
decree
justice
,
or
judgment
All
powers
are
of
God
,
and
the
powers
that
be
are
ordained
of
God
.
That
the
concord
and
consent
of
the
Multitude
,
is
not
sufficient
long
to
preserve
Peace
;
but
that
it
behoveth
that
something
more
be
done
,
that
they
who
have
once
consented
to
peace
and
mutual
aid
,
for
the
common
good
,
should
not
afterward
,
when
any
Private
good
varies
from
the
Publique
,
again
disagree
,
be
restrained
by
Fear
.
Aristotle
reckons
among
living
creatures
,
which
he
calls
Politick
,
not
only
Man
,
but
also
many
other
,
as
the
Ant
and
Bee
,
who
although
they
be
destitute
of
reason
,
by
which
they
can
make
covenants
and
submit
themselves
to
Government
;
yet
nevertheless
by
consenting
,
that
is
,
by
desiring
the
same
things
,
and
by
avoiding
the
same
things
,
they
so
direct
their
actions
to
one
common
end
,
that
their
Companies
are
obnoxious
to
no
seditions
:
Yet
are
not
their
Companies
therefore
nor
are
those
Creatures
to
be
called
Politick
,
because
their
Government
is
only
consent
,
or
many
wills
to
one
object
,
not
(
as
is
necessary
in
a
City
)
one
will
.
Tale
fuit
initium
regni
Dei
,
&c.
Such
was
the
Kingdom
of
God
over
the
Jews
,
instituted
by
If
you
will
hear
my
voice
,
&c.
ye
shall
be
to
me
a
Priestly
Kingdom
.
And
all
the
People
together
answered
,
We
will
do
whatsoever
the
Lord
hath
spoken
.
Initium
,
caput
,
corpus
,
&
finis
Because
the
conspiracie
of
more
Wills
to
the
same
end
,
is
not
sufficient
for
the
preservation
and
stable
defence
of
Peace
,
it
is
requisite
that
the
will
of
all
be
one
,
concerning
those
things
which
are
necessary
to
peace
and
defence
:
But
this
cannot
be
,
unless
every
man
so
subjects
his
will
to
the
will
of
another
,
of
another
Man
,
or
Court
,
that
whatsoever
he
wills
concerning
those
things
which
are
necessary
to
the
common
peace
,
be
accounted
the
will
of
them
all
and
every
one
of
them
.
This
submission
to
the
will
of
one
Man
,
or
one
Council
,
then
is
made
the
will
of
them
all
,
when
every
one
of
them
obligeth
himself
by
pact
to
every
one
of
the
other
,
not
to
resist
the
will
of
that
Man
,
or
that
Council
,
to
which
he
has
submitted
himself
.
Children
of
Israel
Children
of
Israel
Athenians
,
Smendes
Sicyonians
,
Aletes
Corinthians
,
Eurysthenes
[
When
there
was
no
King
in
Israel
]
Saul
,
David
,
Solomon
,
Jehu
,
Hazael
,
Cyrus
,
&c.
David
,
Solomon
,
Hazael
,
&c.
Israelites
,
Persians
,
Syrians
,
&
c.
?
Israelites
,
Syrians
That
is
to
be
understood
the
will
of
the
Council
,
which
is
the
will
of
the
major
part
of
those
Men
,
of
whom
the
Council
consists
:
Eucl.
lib.
Pol.
Cap.
contrary
to
reason
and
experience
Denmark
,
Poland
that
God
makes
Kings
that
a
Monarch
may
at
his
will
declare
his
Successor
.
Edward
Coke
Co.
Lit.
sect.
Jus
in
re
resist
the
Higher
powers
which
are
,
Rehoboam
,
Solomon
All
men
Metap
.
l.
naturally
desire
to
know
;
but
there
is
but
one
way
by
which
men
can
attain
to
knowledge
,
That
they
proceed
from
things
known
,
to
find
out
things
less
known
;
and
from
things
manifest
,
to
find
out
things
more
obscure
.
Phys.
lib.
In
the
beginning
of
Mankind
,
Community
was
another
Mare
Lib.
c.
thing
then
what
Dominion
now
is
:
For
now
signifies
something
proper
,
which
thing
(
to
wit
)
is
so
one
mans
,
as
it
is
not
anothers
in
the
same
manner
.
We
call
that
thing
Common
,
whose
propriety
is
collated
amongst
many
by
a
certain
consort
or
consent
,
excluding
other
men
.
The
poverty
of
Tongues
hath
forced
men
to
use
the
same
words
in
a
thing
not
the
same
.
The
Community
which
then
was
,
was
nothing
else
but
what
was
simply
opposed
to
Property
.
De
Jure
Belli
&
Pacis
,
&
para
.
Mare
Lib.
is
not
of
whatsoever
Community
,
but
of
peaceable
,
and
ordained
for
the
manner
of
his
understanding
,
with
them
who
are
of
his
own
kind
:
which
Community
the
Stoicks
called
Quod
ergo
dicitur
natura
,
quodque
animal
ad
suas
tantum
utilitates
ferri
,
ita
universe
sumptum
,
concedi
non
debet
.
What
thing
therefore
is
called
Nature
,
and
that
every
Creature
is
carried
only
to
their
profits
,
ought
not
to
be
granted
so
universally
taken
.
For
even
some
of
other
living
Creatures
,
the
study
of
their
profit
,
partly
in
respect
of
their
young
ones
,
partly
in
respect
of
others
of
like
kind
with
themselves
,
Which
thing
we
believe
,
in
them
,
does
proceed
from
some
outward
understanding
principle
;
Ex
principio
aliquo
intelligente
extrinseco
.
But
this
keeping
of
society
,
which
in
a
rude
manner
we
have
expressed
convenient
to
humane
intellect
,
is
,
the
fountain
of
that
right
or
law
which
is
properly
so
called
,
by
which
abstinence
from
what
is
anothers
,
obligation
to
perform
promises
,
reparation
for
wrong
done
,
&c.
do
appertain
.
From
this
signification
of
Right
or
Law
flowed
another
larger
,
which
consists
in
discerning
what
delights
or
hurts
us
,
and
in
judging
how
things
should
be
wisely
distributed
.
jus
naturale
Dictatum
rectae
rationis
indicans
actui
Romans
,
Civilians
jus
legislativum
jus
naturale
Sciendum
est
praeterea
&c.
It
is
to
be
further
known
,
that
natural
Right
or
Law
does
not
only
act
concerning
those
things
which
are
above
a
Mans
will
,
but
concerning
many
things
which
follow
a
mans
will
.
So
,
Dominion
which
is
now
brought
in
use
,
mans
will
brought
in
:
But
being
brought
in
,
it
is
wickedness
in
me
to
take
against
thy
will
,
that
which
Natural
law
or
right
shews
to
be
of
thy
dominion
.
Cicero
,
Demosthenes
,
Cleon
,
&c.
Jus
divinum
voluntarium
,
jus
divinum
,
jus
humanum
,
jus
humanum
voluntarium
,
jus
gentium
,
jus
civile
,
jus
latius
patens
,
jus
arctius
patens
,
jus
constitutum
,
jus
immutabile
,
jus
commune
,
jus
gladii
,
jus
divinum
perfectius
,
jus
belli
solenne
,
jus
belli
minus
solenne
,
jus
precarium
,
jus
revocabile
,
jus
usufructuarium
,
jus
temporarium
,
jus
armorum
movendorum
magistratuum
minorum
,
jus
naturae
pro
certo
statu
,
jus
rectorium
,
jus
aequatorium
,
jus
superveniens
regis
,
jus
externum
,
jus
internum
,
jus
exterorum
supervenienti
dominio
,
jus
pignoris
,
jus
retentionis
,
jus
servitutis
,
jus
luendi
pignoris
,
jus
transeundi
,
jus
morandi
,
jus
habitandi
,
jus
habendi
loca
deserta
,
jus
reductive
,
jus
restrictive
,
jus
gentium
improprie
,
jus
derelictum
,
jus
quaesitum
,
jus
feciale
,
jus
externum
efficax
,
jus
reale
,
jus
inventionis
,
jus
primi
occupantis
,
jus
proprietatis
,
jus
possessionis
,
jus
dominii
,
jus
herile
,
jus
paternum
,
&c.
De
Jure
Belli
&
Pacis
Original
right
and
power
of
the
People
,
Omnis
additio
probat
minoritatem
.
Conclusio
sequitur
deteriorem
partem
De
jure
Belli
&
Pacis
the
power
of
God
is
immense
,
yet
some
things
may
be
said
to
be
,
to
which
it
does
not
extend
it self
;
because
those
things
so
said
,
are
only
said
,
and
have
no
sense
which
may
express
the
thing
,
but
are
repugnant
to
themselves
:
So
that
twice
Two
should
not
make
Four
,
cannot
be
effected
by
God
.
That
the
Law
of
Nature
is
immutable
by
God
himself
and
yet
mutable
by
the
will
of
Man
.
Jus
suum
cuique
tribuere
Isaac
,
Abraham
That
in
blessing
he
would
bless
him
,
and
in
multiplying
he
would
multiply
his
seed
as
the
stars
of
heaven
,
&c.
That
by
Nature
all
Men
are
equal
,
and
that
the
will
of
Man
brought
in
Dominion
.
but
that
a
certain
Image
of
mutation
may
deceive
them
who
take
not
heed
;
whenas
the
Law
of
Nature
,
which
is
immutable
,
is
not
changed
,
but
the
thing
of
which
the
Law
of
Nature
does
work
,
receives
some
mutation
.
For
example
:
If
a
Creditor
to
whom
I
am
obliged
,
takes
what
Lowe
him
;
now
I
am
not
bound
to
pay
,
not
because
the
Law
of
nature
leaves
to
command
to
pay
what
I
owe
;
but
because
what
I
did
owe
,
ceases
to
be
.
Thou
shalt
honor
thy
Father
and
Mother
,
Epictetus
,
Grotius
So
if
God
commands
any
man
to
be
killed
,
or
to
take
away
any
thing
that
is
anothers
;
It
is
not
lawful
that
Murder
or
Theft
be
done
,
which
terms
involve
vice
;
but
it
is
not
Murder
or
Theft
which
is
done
by
God
,
the
Author
of
life
and
all
things
.
Nulla
similitudo
quatuor
pedibus
currit
Thou
shalt
not
kill
or
steal
,
God
conferred
upon
Mankind
generally
(
Right
)
immediately
after
the
Creation
;
and
again
when
the
world
was
repaired
after
the
flood
,
over
all
the
things
of
this
inferior
nature
.
There
were
,
as
saies
,
all
things
common
de
jure
Belli
,
&c.
and
undivided
to
all
Men
,
even
as
one
Patrimony
should
be
to
all
Men.
God
was
pleased
peculiarly
to
give
rights
to
one
only
people
,
viz.
the
Euclid
,
viz.
Hence
it
came
to
pass
that
every
man
gathered
whatsoever
he
could
snatch
to
their
own
uses
,
and
consume
what
could
be
consumed
;
and
whatsoever
any
man
had
so
snatched
,
that
could
no
man
take
from
him
,
but
by
injury
:
but
this
State
could
not
long
continue
.
And
God
said
,
I
have
given
to
you
every
herb
bearing
seed
,
which
is
upon
the
face
of
the
earth
,
and
every
tree
in
the
which
is
the
fruit
of
a
tree
yeelding
seed
,
to
you
it
shall
be
for
meat
,
&c.
So
God
created
in
his
own
Image
,
in
the
Image
of
God
made
he
Man
,
Male
and
Female
created
he
them
:
Let
the
Woman
learn
in
silence
with
all
subjection
,
&c.
Man
was
first
made
,
then
Eve
.
And
the
feare
of
you
,
and
the
dread
of
you
shall
be
upon
every
beast
,
&c.
every
moving
thing
that
liveth
shall
be
meat
for
you
,
even
as
the
green
herb
have
I
given
you
all
things
.
Noah
,
Ham
Sem
,
Japheth
Ham
,
Sems
Noah
,
Ham
Annot.
art.
Sem
,
Ham
Noahs
;
Japheths
libertas
,
and
the
foundation
of
to
be
,
that
every
Man
as
much
as
he
can
,
may
defend
his
life
and
members
.
Status
merè
naturalis
:
Grotius
,
Status
qui
durare
non
potuit
Quod
quisque
arripuerat
,
id
ei
It
was
not
at
all
profitable
to
Men
,
that
they
had
such
a
common
Right
in
all
things
;
for
the
effect
of
that
Right
is
almost
the
same
,
as
if
there
had
been
no
Right
at
all
:
For
although
a
Man
might
say
of
every
thing
,
This
is
mine
;
yet
he
could
not
enjoy
it
because
of
his
Neighbour
,
who
with
equal
right
,
and
force
might
pretend
the
same
thing
to
be
his
.
hostile
,
and
that
Men
may
kill
one
another
,
and
yet
do
them
no
injury
.
That
injury
is
done
only
to
him
,
with
whom
we
have
made
a
Contract
;
otherwise
it
is
only
damage
any
Man
can
do
to
another
.
Leges
naturae
sunt
immutabiles
;
The
Laws
of
Nature
are
immutable
,
and
the
same
with
the
Moral
Law
.
to
be
when
a
man
puts
himself
and
his
Promissary
into
a
rank
of
agencie
and
patiencie
,
upon
a
new
score
.
a
Rational
Multitude
the
Individuals
of
this
Rational
Multitude
to
abound
with
many
goods
,
and
to
want
others
;
the
love
of
which
,
and
the
fear
of
losing
them
,
Whether
may
the
Subject
resist
Authority
,
or
Government
?
In
what
cases
it
is
rational
not
only
to
resist
,
but
also
to
depose
Government
.
Neither
Lawyers
,
nor
Divines
,
are
Judges
in
those
cases
.
wherein
the
Liberty
of
the
Subject
consists
.
such
Laws
as
the
People
entrust
him
withall
to
do
whatsoever
he
thinks
good
.
Where
there
is
Supreme
Necessity
Certain
laws
of
God
although
they
be
generally
pronounced
,
have
a
tacite
exception
of
highest
necessity
:
Which
thing
was
defined
concerning
the
law
of
the
Sabbath
,
by
the
Wise
men
,
in
the
times
of
the
Hasamonaeans
;
from
whence
came
that
proverb
,
which
may
be
understood
,
The
danger
of
the
soul
necessitateth
a
Sabbath
;
or
,
the
danger
of
the
soul
destroys
the
Sabbath
.
gives
this
reason
of
his
neglect
of
the
Sabbath
:
We
were
brought
into
most
certain
danger
of
our
lives
.
Which
exception
is
proved
by
Christ
himself
;
as
also
in
the
other
law
,
of
not
eating
the
Shewbread
.
Thou
shalt
not
commit
adultery
,
Thou
shalt
not
kill
,
&c.
&
qui
animam
ita
perdit
Legal
power
is
not
made
by
Gods
precept
,
but
from
the
People
,
an
ordinance
of
Man
for
the
Lords
sake
A
King
loses
his
Kingdom
,
if
he
be
carried
with
a
hostile
mind
to
the
destruction
of
all
the
People
.
Wherein
an
Invader
may
be
resisted
.
Certain
Laws
of
God
,
although
generally
pronounced
,
have
a
tacite
exception
of
highest
necessity
,
makes
the
King
or
not
only
impunible
for
whatsoever
he
shall
do
;
and
indissolvable
by
that
power
that
made
him
And
that
the
King
or
Supreme
power
is
not
bound
by
its
own
Laws
;
And
that
no
man
has
any
thing
proper
against
it
:
But
also
or
Supreme
power
,
has
power
to
examine
what
doctrine
shall
be
taught
,
against
which
none
ought
to
say
any
thing
contrary
:
For
,
if
any
one
may
command
one
thing
upon
pain
of
natural
death
,
another
forbid
it
upon
the
penalty
of
eternal
death
,
and
both
by
right
;
it
will
fellow
,
not
only
Citizens
,
although
innocent
,
may
be
justly
punished
,
but
the
City
dissolved
;
for
,
No
man
can
serve
two
Masters
.
golden
Image
Nebuchadnezzar
had
set
up
Obedience
is
not
rightly
distinguished
,
if
it
be
distinguished
into
Annot.
art
active
and
passive
The
City
may
command
such
a
Worship
of
God
,
as
is
irrational
;
But
if
it
be
done
at
the
command
of
the
to
which
the
written
Word
of
God
is
not
known
or
received
,
he
has
shewed
such
a
Worship
of
God
to
be
rational
.
Men
must
have
a
care
that
they
do
not
worship
God
so
,
where
he
reigns
by
Covenant
,
as
by
the
Covenant
of
for
there
it
is
ill
done
,
whether
it
be
done
by
the
command
of
the
or
not
makes
it
Rational
for
Subjects
to
resist
and
depose
.
Grotius
Gods
precepts
,
many
of
them
,
though
generally
pronounced
,
have
a
tacite
exception
in
case
of
highest
necessity
,
a
subjection
of
Body
and
Souls
absolutely
,
where
God
reigns
not
by
Covenant
;
and
there
too
by
distinguishing
between
things
necessary
,
and
not
necessary
to
Salvation
.
Annot.
art.
Salus
populi
suprema
lex
Salus
Populi
suprema
lex
Hogan
Mogan
he
can
alter
nothing
at
all
,
neither
in
part
nor
in
the
whole
:
yet
does
not
cease
their
power
,
the
People
have
transferred
all
jurisdiction
from
themselves
upon
the
King
and
his
family
,
neither
during
that
,
have
the
People
any
relicts
of
it
populus
,
&
populus
vult
,
&
populus
mutare
potest
voluntatem
expresse
,
&
tacite
Roman
,
Athenian
Spain
.
)
Grotius
cujus
voluntate
jus
regnandi
proficiscitur
How
beautiful
,
how
glorious
,
how
joyful
to
your
Conscience
will
it
be
,
that
when
God
shall
have
called
thee
to
his
Kingdom
,
which
alone
is
better
then
thine
,
thou
maist
confidently
say
:
I
have
received
this
sword
from
thee
for
defence
of
Justice
;
this
sword
I
return
to
thee
,
pure
and
undefiled
,
rashly
guilty
of
no
bloodshed
.
Hogan
Mogan
In
alienable
Kingdoms
the
King
may
disinherit
his
heir
.
Para.
that
neither
King
nor
People
are
Judges
in
succession
?
Power
which
is
exercised
by
a
King
,
does
not
cease
the
Power
of
the
People
,
delegata
potestas
non
potest
participari
Such
a
Kingdom
is
like
other
alienable
goods
.
Jacob
did
disinherit
Ruben
Cicero
,
Tacitus
,
Demosthenes
,
Cleon
,
Chron.
cap.
And
of
all
my
sons
(
for
the
Lord
hath
given
me
many
sons
)
he
hath
chosen
Solomon
my
son
to
sit
upon
the
throne
of
the
kingdom
of
the
Lord
over
Israel
.
And
he
said
unto
me
,
Solomon
thy
son
,
he
shall
build
my
house
and
my
courts
;
for
I
have
chosen
him
to
be
my
son
,
and
I
will
be
his
father
.
Moreover
I
will
establish
his
kingdom
for
ever
,
if
he
be
constant
to
do
my
commandments
and
my
judgments
,
as
at
this
day
.
a
Monarch
may
choose
his
Successor
,
and
by
his
will
dispose
of
the
Supreme
power
of
the
City
.
he
gives
him
leave
to
give
it
,
or
sell
it
to
whom
he
will
.
The
Crown
of
has
been
so
free
at
all
times
,
that
it
hath
no
earthly
subjection
,
but
immediately
subject
to
God
touching
the
regality
of
the
same
Crown
,
and
to
no
other
.
That
they
could
not
assent
to
any
thing
in
Parliament
,
that
tended
to
the
disinherison
of
the
King
and
his
Ed.
Coke
,
Inst.
par.
p.
Crown
,
whereto
they
are
sworne
.
Supreme
and
Absolute
Trustee
Tiberius
Caesar
When
I
am
dead
,
let
the
earth
be
mingled
with
fire
.
Grotius
,
Hobbs
Tom
Sternholds
Edw.
Coke
Instit.
Hobbs
Annotation
Chap.
De
Cive
Mr.
Hobbs
Preface
,
Observations
Justice
,
&c.
[
For
which
no
reason
can
be
given
]
—
—
[
These
things
thus
premised
,
&c.
]
Vir bonus est quis ? Qui consulta Patrum , qui Leges juraque servat .
ROGER
COKE
T.
N.
G.
Bedel
T.
Collins
Francis
Bacon
Xenophon
,
Plato
,
Aristotle
,
Bodin
,
Grotius
)
William
Harvey
Carpere vel noli nostra , vel ede tua .
Italy
,
Germany
,
Persia
,
&c.
France
,
Germany
,
Spain
,
&c.
Persians
,
Indians
,
Moscovites
,
&c.
France
,
Germany
,
Spain
,
&c.
French
,
Germans
Spain
,
England
,
France
,
&c.
Spaniards
,
Englishmen
French
,
&c.
viviparorum
more
Jus
Legislativum
Chap.
I.
Chap.
II.
Chap.
III.
Chap.
IV.
Chap.
V.
New
Testament
Chap.
VI.
Chap.
VII
What
is
What
is
Etymologie
of
Jus
Legislativum
.
Lex
Humana
lata
It
is
proved
that
Subjection
is
natural
;
and
therefore
no
natural
Subject
can
put
himself
out
of
the
power
of
his
Soveraign
:
And
by
consequence
,
this
right
of
first
occupying
or
finding
,
by
any
Subject
or
Subjects
,
is
the
right
of
the
Soveraign
in
whose
power
such
Subject
or
Subjects
are
;
and
such
Subjects
are
the
Instruments
of
occupying
,
or
invention
,
by
which
this
right
does
accrue
to
the
Supreme
Power
.
Lit.
vil.
sect.
Supreme
Head
Supreme
Governor
Here
do
not
I
admit
of
Mr.
his
division
of
Civil
Laws
into
Sacred
and
Secular
:
(
Did
ever
man
before
hear
of
Sacred
Civil
Laws
?
)
(
he
says
(
he
says
For
though
Ecclesiastical
Laws
be
made
by
Men
,
and
therefore
not
Sacred
,
as
he
says
;
yet
is
the
power
by
which
they
are
made
,
from
Divine
positive
institution
,
and
therefore
cannot
have
any
right
or
power
from
Civil
or
Secular
sanctions
,
which
at
highest
cannot
amount
to
more
then
Humane
.
Hobbs
,
cap.
de
Cive
in
Thesi
Thou
shalt
not
steal
,
and
shalt
give
every
man
his
due
,
He
that
sheds
mans
blood
,
by
man
shall
his
blood
be
shed
,
for
in
the
image
of
God
made
he
man
:
)
Prudentis
est
fortunam
semper
Oak
,
Osiris
,
Iris
,
Jupiter
,
Apollo
,
&c.
)
Flaminem
assiduum
Jovi
Sacerdotalem
creavit
Numa
Pompilius
De
Jure
Belli
&
Pac.
Whatsoever
ye
would
that
men
should
do
unto
you
,
do
ye
even
so
unto
them
,
depends
all
the
Law
and
the
Prophets
.
And
the
Apostle
exhorts
that
(
because
there
can
be
no
Religion
without
it
)
And
that
the
end
of
it
is
Religion
,
or
the
uniting
or
binding
Men
to
a
publick
and
formal
worship
of
God
,
is
plain
by
the
Apostle
himself
.
Where
he
saies
,
He
answereth
thou
fool
It
is
true
,
that
nothing
less
then
that
power
which
made
a
Law
,
can
alter
it
;
the
Laws
therefore
of
God
whether
positive
or
natural
,
have
an
eternal
and
immutable
obligation
upon
all
the
men
in
the
world
;
but
whatsoever
power
may
make
a
Law
,
that
power
may
alter
it
:
Divine
Laws
therefore
whether
positive
or
natural
cannot
have
any
obligation
upon
God
,
but
he
may
alter
them
when
he
pleases
.
whatsoever
is
not
of
faith
,
is
sin
,
pray
continually
commit
adultery
If
thy
brother
shall
neglect
to
hear
thee
,
tell
it
to
the
Church
;
but
if
he
neglect
to
hear
the
Church
,
let
him
be
to
thee
as
a
heathen
man
or
Publican
,
And
the
Scribes
and
Pharises
sit
in
Moses
chair
;
all
therefore
whatsoever
they
bid
you
,
observe
and
do
;
but
do
not
after
their
works
,
for
they
say
and
do
not
,
My
kingdom
is
not
of
this
world
,
God
sent
not
his
Son
into
the
world
to
judge
the
world
,
but
that
by
him
he
might
save
the
world
,
O
man
,
who
has
made
me
a
Judge
or
divider
amongst
you
?
in
ordine
ad
bonum
spirituale
de
fide
But
beeause
Ecclesiastical
laws
have
not
infallibility
affixed
to
them
,
if
they
command
any
thing
repugnant
to
Divine
laws
,
do
they
then
oblige
?
For
there
is
no
name
under
heaven
by
which
a
man
can
be
saved
,
but
only
by
the
name
of
Jesus
:
He
that
obeys
not
the
Church
,
is
to
be
accounted
as
a
Heathen
man
,
Wherefore
ye
must
needs
be
subject
not
only
for
wrath
,
but
also
for
conscience
sake
.
But
God
has
ordained
temporal
powers
for
the
preservation
of
peace
;
what
if
they
command
things
which
do
not
conduce
to
the
preservation
of
peace
among
men
,
ought
they
to
be
obeyed
by
them
who
are
in
subjection
to
them
,
or
not
?
Charity
beleeveth
all
things
that
judges
another
,
but
condemns
himself
.
Ro.
And
speak
not
evil
one
of
another
;
he
that
speaketh
evil
of
his
brother
,
and
judgeth
his
brother
,
speaketh
evil
of
the
law
,
and
judgeth
the
law
;
but
if
thou
judge
the
law
,
thou
art
not
a
doer
of
the
law
but
a
judge
,
Jam
,
For
whoso
loses
his
life
for
my
sake
,
and
the
gospels
,
shall
find
it
.
St.
Mar.
First
seek
the
kingdome
of
heaven
and
the
righteousness
thereof
.
St.
Mat.
But
when
the
Declaration
of
my
will
does
not
evade
into
Faith
given
,
my
will
being
free
continues
free
,
after
such
declaration
,
as
well
as
before
.
As
if
I
say
,
I
will
or
intend
to
do
or
give
such
a
thing
,
yet
when
I
will
I
may
will
to
do
such
a
thing
,
and
therefore
if
a
Man
make
twenty
Wills
,
yet
when
be
will
,
he
may
unwill
them
all
.
So
if
a
Man
upon
things
appearing
reasonable
,
does
will
to
give
or
do
any
thing
,
yet
if
upon
discourse
or
reasoning
it
shall
appear
that
the
giving
or
doing
such
a
thing
will
not
have
such
an
event
as
he
proposed
,
he
may
choose
whether
he
will
give
or
do
that
thing
:
nay
,
if
he
be
convinced
that
the
doing
of
such
an
act
,
will
not
have
such
an
effect
as
he
proposed
,
and
shall
notwithstanding
do
it
,
this
is
the
act
of
a
wilful
and
not
a
prudent
Man
.
fidem
do
All
Promises
,
Vows
,
Contracts
,
and
Obligations
,
ought
to
be
only
of
things
in
possession
,
and
that
are
mens
so
,
as
by
an
act
of
their
wills
they
may
be
anothers
,
as
they
are
theirs
:
and
therefore
where
any
man
hath
a
meere
right
to
any
thing
(
this
being
a
shadow
(
another
having
the
substance
)
or
as
our
Lawyers
say
,
he
cannot
by
any
Contract
or
otherwise
alien
his
right
to
another
,
but
he
can
only
release
it
to
him
in
possession
;
otherwise
the
right
remains
still
in
him
,
notwithstanding
any
Contract
,
&c.
that
he
would
alien
it
.
And
I
would
gladly
be
satisfied
how
in
the
generation
of
his
can
make
meere
rights
to
be
tranferred
and
aliened
by
the
Pacts
of
men
;
and
those
natural
rights
too
:
This
being
granted
,
may
by
his
Contract
with
another
Man
,
make
himself
no
Man
,
but
a
Horse
or
an
Asse
,
notwithstanding
that
by
nature
he
is
a
Man
.
quia
est
donatio
foedi
Chap.
I.
Chap.
II.
Chap.
III.
Chap.
IV.
Monarchy
,
Democracy
Chap.
V.
Chap.
VI.
Chap.
VII
Chap.
VIII
Chap.
IX
Pol.
cap.
Athenian
Thirty
Saul
,
Ahab
,
Ahaz
,
Nabuchadnezzar
,
differs
from
&
Usufructuarium
Pol.
lib.
If
then
to
command
and
obey
,
be
no
humane
artifice
or
invention
,
but
natural
and
Gods
ordinance
,
then
is
it
most
sensless
for
men
to
beg
it
for
a
principle
,
That
all
men
are
by
nature
in
a
parity
and
free
condition
,
and
that
the
will
of
man
brought
in
the
Powers
and
obedience
due
to
them
,
in
use
now
in
the
world
,
against
Gods
ordinance
,
and
that
freedom
wherein
by
nature
originally
all
men
were
.
It
is
the
silliest
thing
in
the
world
for
men
to
dream
of
a
Golden
age
,
in
which
all
things
were
alike
and
common
to
all
men
,
and
that
men
lived
promiscuously
in
a
parity
or
equal
condition
;
and
never
tell
when
that
time
was
,
or
who
lived
therein
:
And
to
say
that
th●●
Dominion
and
Subjection
now
in
use
,
Mans
will
brought
in
;
and
yet
never
t●●
who
,
any
where
in
the
world
,
did
ever
introduce
it
.
And
sure
if
this
commanding
and
obeying
were
brought
in
by
the
wills
of
men
,
against
that
natural
right
and
law
wherein
God
hath
made
man
,
it
could
not
possibly
continue
at
all
times
and
in
all
places
of
the
world
,
but
that
somewhere
men
would
return
to
their
own
natural
liberty
.
extra
societatem
vivere
neminem
A.
B.
D.
E.
D.
E.
A.
B.
Hobbs
,
Grotius
I
do
much
wonder
at
those
men
,
who
make
all
Supreme
or
Regal
power
to
have
its
origination
from
the
consent
and
aggregation
of
many
families
:
For
they
not
only
confound
the
Masters
power
with
the
Fathers
,
which
in
the
nature
and
cause
we
have
already
shewed
,
and
shall
more
fully
hereafter
in
their
proper
Chapters
shew
;
but
also
make
the
Masters
power
to
be
from
the
Law
of
God
,
and
Regal
power
to
be
a
Humane
institution
:
whereas
the
contrary
is
true
in
both
.
And
what
it
is
should
move
men
to
imagine
,
that
after
posterity
dilated
themselves
into
many
families
,
that
they
should
give
more
power
then
God
gave
them
.
I
am
sure
no
such
thing
,
or
the
least
probability
thereof
appears
in
Scripture
;
or
that
after
deaths
,
their
Posterities
became
free
and
independent
from
all
Government
;
which
was
(
no
body
can
tell
when
)
brought
in
by
the
Pacts
of
Men
,
or
by
consent
and
submission
of
Families
to
it
.
Spiritus intus alit , totamque infusa per artus Virg. Aen. 6. prop. fin . Mens agitat molem . —
Thou
thundrest
from
heaven
,
thou
shakest
the
earth
,
thou
dividest
the
sea
Thou
leadest
thy
people
like
sheep
,
by
the
hands
of
Moses
and
Aaron
.
Lords
anointed
Gods
anointed
Mortal
Gods
No
power
can
be
but
from
above
,
data
desuper
jus
proprietatis
&
Absolom
,
Adonijah
,
Athaliah
,
&c.
summa
injuria
,
summa
justitia
Hazael
,
Cyrus
,
Nabuchadnezer
,
&c.
And
God
created
man
in
his
own
image
,
in
the
image
of
God
created
he
him
;
male
and
female
created
he
them
.
And
God
blessed
them
,
and
God
said
unto
them
,
Be
fruitful
,
and
multiply
,
and
replenish
the
earth
,
and
subdue
it
,
and
have
dominion
over
the
fish
of
the
sea
,
and
over
the
fowl
of
the
air
,
and
over
every
living
thing
that
moveth
upon
the
earth
.
viz.
That
the
man
is
not
of
the
woman
,
but
the
woman
of
the
man
.
Neither
was
the
man
created
for
the
woman
,
but
the
woman
for
the
man
.
Prince
,
Duke
,
Sultan
,
Pharoah
,
Ptolomy
,
Cham
,
&c.
Paterfamilias
Our
Father
Patriarch
,
Prince
Prince
of
God
Patriarch
David
,
Act.
a
servant
of
servants
to
his
brethren
Sem
,
Ham
a
mighty
Hunter
in
the
earth
,
&c.
Babel
,
Erech
,
Acad
Sem
,
v.
Egypt
.
cap.
Sinar
,
Arioch
Elazar
,
Chodorlaomer
Sodom
,
Birsa
Gomorrha
,
Sinab
Adma
,
Semeber
There
is
no
reason
that
I
understand
,
why
men
should
affirm
to
be
the
first
Monarch
after
the
Flood
,
from
Which
proves
it
no
more
,
then
if
a
man
should
say
,
That
was
a
mighty
one
upon
the
earth
,
and
the
beginning
of
his
kingdom
was
that
therefore
there
was
never
any
King
before
him
.
Diodorus
Siculus
first
Part
first
Book
Antiquity
of
things
first
Chap.
second
Part
The
City
of
the
Sun
first
Chap.
second
Book
Bactrians
,
&c.
Ingaevon
,
Germanicè
Ingaab
Frey
tag
Argus
,
Apis
Persia
,
India
,
Ethiopia
Jus
Civile
Jus
Civile
Hobbs
,
White
Rem
teneo
,
modum
nescio
Dan.
cap.
Francis
Bacon
Perkin
Warbeck
Saul
,
David
,
Solomon
,
Hazael
,
Cyrus
,
&c.
unum
quid
,
quod
imparet
;
alterum
Daniel
,
c.
God
ruleth
in
the
kingdoms
of
men
,
and
giveth
them
to
whomsoever
he
pleaseth
:
Saul
,
David
,
Solomon
Hazael
,
Cyrus
,
&c.
(
viz.
Corah
,
Dathan
de
jure
Dormit
aliquando
,
nunquam
moritur
jus
:
jus
apparens
de
facto
de
jure
England
de
facto
de
jure
The
lot
is
cast
into
the
lap
,
but
the
whole
disposition
of
it
is
of
the
Lord
,
Pro.
para
.
cap.
English
Soveraign
He
chose
David
his
servant
,
and
took
him
from
the
sheepfolds
,
as
he
was
following
the
ewes
great
with
young
;
he
took
him
that
he
might
feed
Jacob
his
people
,
and
Israel
his
inheritance
:
So
he
fed
them
with
a
faithful
and
true
heart
,
and
ruled
them
with
all
his
power
.
Kings
may
be
nursing
fathers
,
and
Queens
nursing
mothers
to
Gods
Church
.
Rex
auiem
qui
est
summi
Leg.
S.
Edw.
cap.
Gravia
sursum
,
levia
deorsum
feruntur
He
is
the
Minister
of
God
to
thee
for
good
;
but
if
thou
do
that
which
is
evil
,
be
afraid
,
for
he
beareth
not
the
sword
in
vain
;
for
he
is
the
Minister
of
God
,
a
revenger
to
execute
wrath
upon
him
that
doth
evil
,
And
Gods
rod
in
his
hand
,
Moses
,
Joshuah
,
David
The
King
by
judgment
establisheth
the
land
,
Give
the
King
thy
judgments
,
O
God
,
and
thy
righteousness
to
the
Kings
Son
,
that
he
may
judge
the
people
according
to
right
,
and
defend
the
poor
,
The
Scepter
shall
not
depart
from
Judah
,
nor
a
Lawgiver
from
between
his
feet
,
until
Shilo
come
,
Submit
your selves
therefore
to
every
ordinance
of
man
for
the
Lords
sake
,
whether
it
be
to
the
King
as
Supreme
,
Let
no
man
therefore
be
hasty
to
go
out
of
his
sight
,
nor
stand
in
an
evil
thing
,
for
he
doth
whatsoever
pleaseth
him
.
Where
the
word
of
a
King
is
,
there
is
power
,
and
who
shall
say
unto
him
,
what
doest
thou
?
The
Lord
forbid
that
I
should
do
this
thing
unto
my
Master
the
Lords
Anointed
,
to
stretch
forth
my
hand
against
him
,
seeing
he
is
the
Lords
Anointed
,
necessitate
coactionis
Ye
shall
cry
in
that
day
because
of
your
King
,
which
ye
shall
have
chosen
you
,
and
the
Lord
shall
not
hear
you
in
that
day
,
Ed.
Co.
Com.
Lit.
p.
Thou
wilt
surely
weare
away
,
both
thou
,
and
this
people
that
is
with
thee
:
for
this
thing
is
too
heavy
for
thee
;
thou
art
not
able
to
perform
it
thy self
alone
.
Exod.
ipsa
esse
non
potest
the
sons
of
shall
blow
with
their
Trumpets
a
Law
to
last
for
ever
.
de
futuro
,
Kings
shall
be
,
&c.
Persians
,
Syrians
,
Assyrians
,
&c.
Cyrus
,
Hazael
,
Nebuchadnezzar
,
&c.
They
have
set
up
Kings
,
but
not
by
me
;
they
have
made
Princes
,
and
I
knew
it
not
.
Thirty
Tyrants
of
Athens
Bodin
,
cap.
de
Rep.
p.
Joshua
;
All
that
thou
commandest
we
will
do
,
and
whithersoever
thou
sendest
we
will
go
:
According
as
we
hearkened
unto
in
all
things
,
so
will
we
unto
thee
;
only
the
Lord
thy
God
be
with
thee
,
as
he
was
with
Whosoever
he
be
that
does
rebel
against
thy
commandment
,
and
will
not
hearken
unto
thy
words
in
all
that
thou
commandest
him
,
he
shall
be
put
to
death
.
Cicero
,
lib.
In
those
days
there
was
no
King
in
Israel
,
but
every
man
did
what
was
right
in
his
own
eyes
:
Rebellion
was
as
the
sin
of
witchcraft
,
and
stubborness
as
the
wickedness
of
idolatry
.
Three
Children
The
kingdom
of
Heaven
and
the
righteousness
thereof
is
first
to
be
sought
:
Danes
,
Swedes
,
Hollanders
,
&c.
Inst.
par.
Sam.
cap.
And
who
can
lay
his
hand
upon
the
Lords
Anointed
,
and
be
guiltless
?
&c.
Nebuchadnezzar
fiery
fornace
Shadrach
,
Meshach
his
servant
Pet.
cap.
For
what
praise
is
it
,
if
when
we
be
buffeted
for
our
faults
,
we
take
it
patiently
?
But
if
when
we
do
well
,
we
suffer
wrong
,
and
shall
take
it
patiently
,
then
is
there
thank
with
God
.
For
hereunto
were
we
called
;
for
Christ
also
suffered
for
us
,
leaving
us
an
example
that
we
should
follow
his
steps
,
who
did
no
sin
,
neither
was
guile
found
in
his
mouth
;
who
when
he
was
reviled
,
reviled
not
again
,
when
he
suffered
,
he
threatned
not
,
but
committed
the
vengeance
to
him
that
judgeth
righteously
.
whoso
takes
the
sword
shall
perish
by
the
sword
par.
p.
Salus
populi
est
suprema
lex
Delegata
potestas
non
potest
participari
par.
Inst.
cap.
Deodands
,
fol
Athenian
Archon
Julius
Cesar
Lucius
Antonius
Quintus
Curio
IMperium
est
duplex
,
solutum
legibus
,
in
specie
,
viz.
Monarchy
,
Aristocracy
,
viz.
Supreme
and
a
Kingdom
divided
in
it self
cannot
stand
,
St.
Mar.
Nulla fides regni sociis , omnisque potestas Lucan . Impatiens consortis erit .
Constantinus
,
Constantius
,
&
Constans
.
Lotharius
,
Lewis
Lodovicus
Pius
France
▪
Rodry
Maure
Mersyn
Frith
Mervin
,
Anarawd
viz.
anno
.
dom.
tanquam
lumen
de
lumine
England
,
Scotland
E.
Coke
Inst.
&c.
Regia
dignitas
est
indivisibilis
Silus
,
Sabinus
,
Sillanus
,
&c.
Sueton.
in
vita
Claud.
cap.
Preterian
coherts
Europe
,
Asia
,
Africa
Can
a
man
touch
the
Lords
anointed
and
be
guiltless
?
submit
your
yelves
to
every
ordinance
of
man
for
the
Lords
sake
,
whether
it
be
to
the
King
as
supreame
,
&c.
St.
Pet.
Feare
God
,
honor
the
King
:
I
counsel
thee
to
keep
the
Kings
commandments
,
and
that
in
regard
of
the
oath
of
God
:
Arthur
,
Ed.
Ed.
Co.
Insti.
Ed.
Co.
Lancaster
,
Wat
Tyler
,
Jack
Straw
,
&c.
H.
Stephanus
(
viz
Trojan
Nero
,
Galba
▪
Moesian
,
Pannonian
Vespasian
.
Rome
Antonius
Primus
Cornelius
Tacitus
Marcus
Aurelius
Platina
vita
.
Greg.
(
Otho
Analecton
Anglo-Britanicon
Plat.
in
vit.
S.
Eleutherii
,
p.
Tacitus
Lips
.
pag.
James
,
anno
It
is
resolved
and
declared
,
that
by
sundry
and
old
antick
Histories
and
Chronicles
,
it
is
manifestly
declared
and
expressed
,
that
this
Realme
of
is
an
Empire
,
and
so
has
been
accepted
in
the
world
.
de
Jure
Ed.
Coke
,
Instit.
Ed.
Co.
Com.
on
Lit.
fol.
&
Inst.
part.
Co.
Lit.
Henry
by
the
grace
of
God
King
of
England
,
&c.
We
have
granted
to
God
,
and
by
this
our
present
Charter
have
confirmed
for
us
and
our
heirs
for
ever
,
&c.
Charta
de
Foresta
Edward
by
the
grace
of
God
,
&c.
We
will
that
all
Forests
&c.
Stat.
Hiberniae
,
Feb.
ann.
Henry
&c.
commands
that
the
Customs
recited
in
that
Statute
and
used
in
the
Realm
of
England
,
be
proclaimed
in
Ireland
,
and
straightly
kept
and
observed
there
.
Westm.
ann.
The
King
unto
his
Justices
of
the
Bench
,
greeting
.
de
Scaccario
de
jure
Ed.
Co.
comment
.
on
.
Littleton
.
It
is
in
One
Person
,
and
the
Freeborn
People
of
this
Nation
Freeborn
People
of
this
Nation
One
Person
Freeborn
People
Hobbs
de
Cive
,
cap.
whose
King
is
a
Child
,
Pro.
Calvins
case
,
tit.
It
is
true
;
and
therefore
God
pronounceth
such
an
estate
woful
:
Yet
is
such
an
estate
no
worse
then
Aristocracy
,
which
is
better
then
Democracy
.
The
Laws
of
the
were
unalterable
,
yet
the
Government
was
always
Monarchy
.
And
let
a
man
look
into
all
places
of
the
known
world
,
where
the
Government
is
Hereditary
Monarchy
,
if
the
Government
be
not
from
long
received
and
established
Laws
,
which
is
the
Princes
greatest
security
;
and
therefore
in
reason
ought
rather
to
suffer
some
mischief
from
them
,
then
venture
an
inconvenience
by
altering
them
:
Whereas
in
the
other
Governments
,
where
Factions
and
mens
Interests
bear
so
great
a
sway
,
they
are
daily
subject
to
mutilation
and
alteration
.
And
let
any
man
see
how
unlike
all
the
Parliaments
since
have
been
in
their
Interests
and
Factions
;
and
all
of
them
would
have
innovated
all
the
established
Laws
of
this
Nation
,
if
they
could
have
agreed
upon
any
thing
in
stead
of
them
.
But
if
it
be
necessary
that
these
things
must
depend
upon
some
Humane
cause
,
how
much
better
is
it
for
Men
to
be
subject
to
one
Man
then
many
?
Athenians
,
&c.
Spain
.
Hobbs
de
Cive
,
cap.
Therefore
God
sent
him
out
of
the
garden
to
till
the
ground
,
Gen.
ambition
was
,
that
he
might
judge
the
land
,
The
woman
which
thou
gavest
me
,
gave
me
of
the
tree
,
and
I
did
eat
.
E.
Co.
Com.
Lit.
pag.
The
end
doth
sanctifie
the
means
,
Abdicant
se
potestate
terreni
Comment.
on
Dan.
Germany
,
Bohemia
▪
Austria
Hungaria
,
Transilvania
,
Sweden
,
France
,
England
,
Scotland
,
Low-Countries
,
Geneva
,
&c.
—
The
wicked
have
no
right
to
their
goods
It
is
lawful
for
the
children
of
Israel
to
rob
the
Egyptians
.
The
King
is
greater
then
the
Singulars
,
and
less
then
all
his
Subjects
Ed.
Coke
par.
Inst.
pag.
On
si
homme
leva
guerre
encontre
Calv.
case
nostre
Seignieur
le
Roy
That
without
Handicrafts
men
and
Tradesmen
a
City
cannot
be
inhabited
;
but
they
shall
never
sit
in
the
place
of
Judicature
:
Cato
Major
Bod.
de
rep
lib.
Scipio
African
Romans
(
Carthage
I
will
henceforth
not
cast
out
before
me
one
man
of
the
nations
which
Josuah
left
when
he
died
,
that
through
them
I
may
prove
Israel
,
whether
they
will
keep
the
way
of
the
Lord
and
walk
therein
,
as
their
forefathers
did
,
or
not
.
And
these
are
the
nations
which
the
Lord
left
,
that
he
might
prove
Israel
.
I
will
avenge
the
blood
of
Jezreel
upon
the
house
of
Jehu
,
and
will
cause
to
cease
the
house
of
Israel
,
saith
the
Lord
,
Turks
,
English
,
Scots
,
Irish
,
Tyrannical
,
Antichristian
,
&c.
That
the
Law
was
above
the
King
;
and
that
they
had
Property
against
him
in
their
estates
and
goods
.
Nil habet infaelix paupertas durius in se , Juveual . Quâm quod ridiculos homines facit .
UNumquodque
resolvitur
in
id
,
ex
quo
componitur
;
Dust
shall
return
to
the
earth
as
it
was
,
and
the
Spirit
to
God
who
gave
it
,
Eccle.
as
one
generation
passeth
away
,
so
another
commeth
,
but
the
earth
abideth
for
ever
.
Eccle.
Sol
per
hominem
generat
hominem
Harvey
de
generatione
Animalium
Cap.
to
honor
thy
Father
and
thy
Mother
,
Grotius
,
cap.
de
jure
belli
&
pacis
Arist.
pol.
cap
ult
&
eth.
Bodin
.
cap.
de
rep
Hebrews
,
Romans
,
Celtae
,
Gaules
,
West
Indians
Quintus
Fulvius
That
such
a
son
is
stubborn
and
rebellious
,
&c.
&
unumquodque
viz.
Thy
jus
vitae
&
necis
desire
shall
be
to
thy
husband
,
and
he
shall
rule
over
thee
,
Gen.
Caesar
lib.
de
bel
.
Gal.
Hobbs
,
cap.
de
Cive
Turks
,
&c.
(
viz.
take
thee
to
be
my
wedded
Wife
;
I
take
thee
to
be
my
wedded
Husband
personae
incapaces
Plut.
vita
Caton
.
cens
Train
a
child
in
the
way
when
he
is
young
,
and
he
will
not
depart
from
it
when
he
is
old
,
Maxima debetur puero reverentia , si quid Juveval . Turpe paras . —
Tho.
Hobbes
,
cap.
de
Cive
Nascitur
servus
Jus
naturale
Hobbs
,
cap.
de
Cive
Wherefore
doest
thou
call
him
Tyrant
,
whom
God
hath
made
King
?
Tho.
White
That
a
man
may
make
himself
a
Slave
of
his
own
accord
,
de
rep
Plato
,
Euthyphro
carried
hither
and
thither
with
every
wind
of
doctrine
)
— Quoties vis fallere plebem Finge Deum .
without
faith
it
is
impossible
to
please
God
Tree
of
the
knowledge
of
good
and
evil
,
Gen.
Adam
,
Adam
by
faith
Abel
offered
unto
God
a
more
acceptable
sacrifice
,
Heb.
Enoch
walked
with
God
Noah
was
a
just
man
and
perfect
in
his
generation
,
and
Noah
walked
with
God
.
Enoch's
all
the
imaginations
of
the
thoughts
of
their
hearts
were
only
every
day
evil
&c.
Behold
I
,
even
I
establish
my
covenant
with
you
,
and
with
your
seed
after
you
,
and
with
every
living
creature
that
is
with
you
,
in
fowl
,
in
cattel
,
in
every
beast
of
the
earth
which
is
with
you
,
of
all
that
go
out
of
the
ark
,
whatsoever
living
thing
of
the
earth
it
be
;
And
my
eovenant
I
make
with
you
,
that
from
henceforth
all
flesh
shall
not
be
rooted
out
by
the
waters
of
a
flood
,
neither
shall
there
be
a
flood
to
destroy
the
earth
any
more
:
And
God
said
,
This
is
the
token
of
my
covenant
which
I
make
between
me
and
you
,
and
every
living
creature
that
is
with
you
for
ever
;
I
do
set
my
bowe
in
the
cloud
,
and
it
shall
be
for
a
token
between
me
and
the
earth
,
&c.
Go
to
,
let
us
build
a
city
and
a
tower
,
whose
top
may
reach
unto
heaven
,
and
let
us
make
us
a
name
,
lest
peradventure
we
be
scattered
abroad
upon
the
whole
earth
.
Moreover
the
nations
in
Sap.
Solom
their
wicked
conspiracie
being
confounded
,
she
found
out
the
righteous
and
prescrved
him
blameless
with
God
.
I
will
make
my
covenant
between
me
and
thee
,
and
thy
seed
after
thee
in
their
generations
,
by
an
everlasting
covenant
,
that
I
may
be
a
God
unto
thee
&
thy
seed
after
thee
,
&c.
This
is
my
covenant
which
you
shall
keep
between
me
and
you
,
and
thy
seed
after
thee
;
Every
man-child
among
you
shall
be
circumcised
,
&c.
Abraham
,
Isaac
Hobbs
,
cap.
Behold
,
Joshua
said
,
I
have
divided
unto
you
by
lot
,
those
nations
that
remain
,
&c.
That
the
Kings
of
Israel
had
power
over
the
Jos.
de
antiq.
Jud.
l.
That
the
Kings
being
constituted
,
there
is
no
doubt
but
both
powers
were
in
them
It
appertaineth
not
unto
thee
,
Uzziah
,
to
burn
incense
unto
the
Lord
,
but
to
the
Priests
the
sons
of
Aaron
that
are
consecrated
to
burn
incense
,
&c.
And
the
Lord
smote
him
with
leprosie
,
and
Ahaziah
thrust
him
out
,
Joseph
.
lib.
Judah
,
Augustus
Cesars
Pontius
Pilate
Let
his
habitation
be
void
and
no
man
dwelling
therein
,
and
his
Bishoprick
let
another
take
John
,
Act.
Philip.
Saul
Cyprus
,
Act.
said
to
let
us
visit
our
brethren
in
every
City
where
we
have
preached
,
Act.
And
the
Lot
fell
upon
Behold
I
am
with
you
even
unto
the
end
of
the
world
,
Amen
,
(
i.
e.
Against
an
Elder
or
Presbyter
receive
not
an
accusation
,
but
before
two
or
three
witnesses
,
John
Calvin
John
Revel.
Think
not
that
I
am
come
to
destroy
the
Law
or
the
Prophets
,
I
am
not
come
to
destroy
,
but
to
fulfil
.
He
expounded
the
Scriptures
,
beginning
at
Moses
And
the
spirits
of
the
Prophets
are
subject
to
the
Prophets
:
As
my
Father
sent
me
,
so
send
I
you
.
Whoso
shall
go
about
to
adde
or
diminish
from
the
prophesie
of
the
book
of
life
,
God
shall
plague
him
,
and
take
away
his
part
from
the
book
of
life
,
Let
all
things
be
done
decently
and
in
order
,
Tim.
cap.
prayers
,
supplications
,
intercessions
,
and
giving
of
thanks
be
made
for
all
men
.
God
hath
set
some
in
the
Church
,
first
Apostles
,
secondly
Prophets
,
thirdly
Teachers
.
S.
Paul
S.
James
If
any
among
you
be
sick
,
let
him
call
the
elders
of
the
Church
,
cap.
Smyrna
,
Laodicea
,
Antioch
,
&c.
London
,
Rochester
,
&c.
Greece
,
Moscovy
,
England
,
France
,
&c.
S.
Luk.
He
that
despiseth
you
,
(
viz.
despiseth
me
;
and
he
that
despiseth
me
,
despiseth
him
that
sent
me
.
Lords
Anointed
Moab
,
Ammon
,
Ashteroh
,
&c.
Africa
,
&c
Drink
ye
all
of
it
take
,
eat
,
&c.
every
Soul
is
to
be
Subject
to
the
Higher
tit
.
Ligeance
that
the
Knowledg
of
the
Legislator
does
depend
upon
the
Citizen
:
Antenati
&
Postnati
Ed.
Coke
Com.
Lit.
pag.
contra
ligeantiae
suae
debitum
from
this
day
forward
to
be
true
and
faithful
To
our
Soveraign
Lord
the
King
and
his
heirs
.
And
faith
and
troth
shall
bear
&c.
of
life
and
member
,
You
shall
neither
know
nor
hear
of
any
ill
or
damage
&c.
that
you
shall
not
defend
&c.
Deus
conjunxit
,
nemo
separet
Edward
Coke
Fear
God
,
honor
the
King
,
and
meddle
not
with
the
seditious
.
Ham
,
Japhets
sine
die
To
honor
thy
father
and
mother
,
viz.
That
thy
days
may
be
long
in
the
land
,
&c.
in
thesi
Thou
shalt
not
steal
count
their
Masters
worthy
of
all
honor
,
Corah
,
Dathan
Abiram
,
Num.
That
all
the
multitude
were
holy
,
every
one
among
them
,
and
the
Lord
was
among
them
,
and
Moses
and
Aaron
did
lift
up
themselves
against
the
congregation
of
the
Lord
They
are
proud
,
knowing
nothing
,
but
doting
about
questions
and
strife
of
words
,
from
whence
cometh
envy
,
strife
,
railings
,
evil
surmisings
,
perverse
disputings
of
men
of
corrupt
minds
and
destitute
of
the
truth
,
supposing
that
gain
is
godliness
,
from
such
withdraw
thy self
:
O
my
soul
,
enter
not
into
their
secrets
.
Omnis
consensus
tollit
errorem
Edward
,
Mary
Charles
Brandon
facere
potest
,
non
homo
.
Co.
Lit.
Sect.
E.
Co.
Isaac
Abrahams
gave
all
he
had
to
but
to
the
Sonns
of
the
Concubins
which
had
,
he
gave
gifts
.
Gen.
Our
Father
was
not
of
the
company
of
them
that
gathered
themselves
against
the
Lord
in
the
company
of
Corah
why
should
the
name
of
our
father
be
done
away
from
his
family
because
he
has
no
Son
?
If
a
man
dye
and
have
no
Son
,
then
shall
the
inheritance
pass
to
the
daughter
,
and
if
he
have
no
daughter
,
then
shall
the
inheritance
go
to
his
brethren
,
and
if
he
have
no
brethren
,
then
ye
shall
give
the
inheritance
unto
his
fathers
brethren
,
&c.
Neque
enim
sexum
in
imperiis
discernunt
:
Tacit.
Lip
.
in
vita
Agric.
Suffolk
,
Charles
Brandon
Ed.
Coke
Com.
Lit.
cap.
de
rep
Gynaecocraty
is
inimicitious
to
the
laws
of
Nature
,
which
gives
prudence
,
strength
,
magnanimity
of
mind
,
force
to
command
,
to
Men
,
takes
them
away
from
Women
.
Hugh
Capets
The
Law
of
God
not
only
took
from
Women
the
Government
of
Common-wealths
,
but
also
of
Families
,
whenas
he
deservedly
subjected
them
to
the
command
of
their
Husbands
.
As
often
as
God
testifies
that
he
will
take
terrible
vengeance
against
the
enemies
of
his
Name
,
he
threatens
them
to
be
subject
to
commands
and
laws
of
Women
as
if
that
were
the
utmost
of
evils
,
and
extremity
of
calamities
.
The
Roman
Laws
did
seclude
Women
from
all
Civil
offices
,
and
Publique
Katherine
de
Medici
Mary
de
Medici
That
in
Gynarchy
the
Wife
is
not
subject
,
but
superior
to
her
Husband
.
Vasti
,
Joan
Athaliah
,
Cleopatra
,
Zenobia
,
Hirene
,
Ruth
,
Hester
,
Judith
,
Deborah
,
&c.
Si
aliqua
Guy
of
Warwick
,
Amadis
de
Gaule
,
Cows
rib
Cessante
ratione
legis
,
cessat
lex
sublata
causa
,
tollitur
effectus
De
Serres
This
Law
cannot
be
altered
by
the
King
and
Estates
general
.
sexum
tota
terrae
hereditas
perveniat
a
Law
is
the
rule
or
direction
of
him
who
does
govern
,
to
be
observed
by
them
who
are
governed
.
That
the
Crown
shall
descend
to
the
next
heire
male
,
and
if
the
heire
be
ana
infant
,
that
the
next
Prince
of
the
blood
who
is
a
Major
,
shall
during
his
minority
be
his
Guardian
,
and
Regent
.
England
,
Philip
I
do
not
mean
that
you
should
deale
in
any
thing
,
but
with
the
administration
of
good
and
speedie
justice
to
my
subjects
;
understand
hereafter
that
you
are
not
confirmed
in
your
offices
by
me
to
be
my
Tutors
or
Protectors
of
my
Realm
,
nor
Governors
of
my
City
of
as
hitherto
you
have
perswaded
your selves
.
Bloys
,
Anno.
St.
Lewis
Hugh
Capet
Hercules
,
Elizabeth
Francis
,
Charles
,
Henry
part
of
Sir
Mercia
Proba
Legum
instituta
Proem
,
Rep.
Mirror
of
Justices
Justiciarii
Itinerantes
Hundred
Courts
first
Chapter
Edward
Coke
England
in
Satrapias
,
Centurias
,
&
Decurias
.
Kentish
men
(
viz.
Senator
&
Praepositus
(
Praeposito
Nihil
semel
perfectum
&
inventum
&
annuli
(
viz.
Iunii
,
an.
Com.
Lit.
Sect.
See
Inst.
part
.
pag.
part
,
page
Carthage
,
&c.
Rome
,
Athens
Carthage
,
&c.
Old
Sarum
,
&c.
England
.
Sir
Ed.
Coke
si
ingratum
dixeris
,
omnia
dixeris
,
in
remotis
Ed.
Coke
Ed.
Coke
,
Inst.
de
Tallagie
non
concedendo
Non
datur
progressus
ad
infinitum
Com.
Lit.
Michael
Sinoth
,
Michael
Gemote
,
Ealsa
Witenage
Mote
Les
estates
L'assemble
des
estates
Inst.
par.
England
.
Consessum
Senatorum
,
à
considendo
,
&c.
principium
,
caput
,
&
finis
Parliamenti
,
Proem
.
par
fuer'
copilat'
anno
—
Henry
by
the
grace
of
God
King
of
England
,
Lord
of
Ireland
,
&c.
We
have
granted
to
God
,
and
by
this
our
present
Charter
have
confirmed
for
us
and
our
heirs
for
ever
,
That
the
Church
of
England
shall
be
free
,
and
shall
have
all
her
whole
rights
and
liberties
inviolable
.
We
have
granted
also
and
given
to
all
the
Freemen
of
our
Realm
,
for
us
and
our
heirs
for
ever
,
those
Liberties
underwritten
,
to
have
and
to
hold
to
them
and
their
heirs
,
of
us
and
our
heirs
for
ever
Charta
Foresta
by
the
grace
of
God
King
of
Lord
of
Duke
of
and
of
We
will
that
all
Forests
which
King
our
Grandfather
afforested
,
shall
be
viewed
by
good
and
lawful
men
,
&c.
Statutum
Hiberniae
by
the
grace
of
God
King
of
&c.
To
his
trusty
and
welbeloved
son
of
Justicer
of
Statutum
de
Anno
Bissextili
—
The
King
unto
the
Justices
of
the
Bench
greeting
&c.
The
King
to
all
to
whom
these
presents
shall
come
,
greeting
.
We
have
seen
certain
Ordinances
,
&c.
Stat.
de
Scaccario
:
The
King
commandeth
that
all
manner
of
Bailiffs
,
Sheriffs
and
other
Officers
,
as
well
Justices
of
Statutes
made
in
the
Parliament
at
wherein
the
King
made
these
Acts
,
Ordinances
and
Statutes
underwritten
,
which
he
willeth
to
be
observed
for
ever
firmly
and
inviolably
of
all
his
Subjects
,
as
well
high
as
low
.
Statute
of
Westminster
the
first
Henry
,
&c.
—
The
King
to
his
Treasurer
and
Barons
of
the
Exchequer
,
and
to
his
Chamberlains
greeting
,
&c.
de
Protectionibus
Stat.
de
conjunctim
Feoffatis
In
witness
of
which
thing
we
have
caused
these
our
Letters
Patents
,
I
my self
being
Witness
at
Westminster
.
Ordinatio
pro
statu
Hiberniae
—
Our
Lord
the
King
hath
granted
,
&c.
The
King
willeth
and
commandeth
nullum
medicamentum
est
idem
omnibus
De
Tallagio
non
concedendo
Edward
Coke
Corruptio
optimi
est
pessima
viz.
Thomas
Cromwel
Thomas
Seimer
Magna
Charta
,
Charta
de
Foresta
,
&c.
Anne
Dom.
Suffolk
.
Speeds
Anne
Bullens
horce
de
page
Bloys
,
anno
Ed.
Coke
com
.
on
Lit.
sect.
Touching
Royal
Government
Cicero
.
lib.
Justitia
est
obtemperatio
scriptis
legibus
For
the
earth
is
the
Lords
,
and
all
that
therein
is
;
the
compass
of
the
World
,
and
all
that
dwell
therein
:
And
whatsoever
is
under
the
whole
Heaven
,
is
Gods
;
and
the
World
is
mine
,
and
the
fulness
thereof
.
Princes
are
Gods
Ministers
for
their
Subjects
good
.
Israelites
,
If
any
man
levy
war
to
expulse
strangers
,
to
deliver
men
out
of
prison
,
or
against
any
Statute
,
or
any
other
end
,
pretending
Reformation
of
their
own
head
;
this
is
a
levying
war
against
the
King
,
because
they
take
upon
them
the
Royal
Authority
,
which
is
against
the
King
.
Cicero
,
lib.
de
leg
jus
vitae
&
necis
Summum
jus
,
est
summa
injuria
.
summum
jus
,
est
summa
injuria
.
tres
passes
That
he
is
a
just
man
that
keeps
the
laws
,
Eth.
lib.
and
that
he
is
an
unjust
man
who
commits
contrary
to
laws
;
and
that
therefore
one
Justice
contains
all
other
virtues
.
imagine
mischief
as
by
a
law
:
Pompey
,
Caesar
,
Crassus
,
Lucullus
,
Pericles
,
&c.
(
We
shall
,
I
believe
,
find
a
very
odd
Harmonical
proportion
,
after
a
certain
manner
attempered
by
Arithmetical
and
Geometrical
proportion
.
)
Page
,
mar.
Aristotle
Ethicks
Book
,
Cap.
Eth.
l.
Grotius
,
Lib.
Jus
,
Lex
,
&
Justitia
hum
drum
Jus
Belli
&
Pacis
ye
be
mine
,
and
will
hearken
to
my
voice
,
take
ye
the
heads
of
your
Masters
Sons
,
and
come
to
me
to
to
morrow
by
this
time
Ye
be
righteous
:
behold
I
conspired
against
my
Master
and
slew
him
,
but
who
slew
all
I
will
avenge
the
blood
of
upon
the
house
of
(
good
Reader
— Didicisse fideliter Artes , Emollit mores , nec sinit esse feros .
Sixtus
Quintus
That
if
the
Church
be
not
Judge
of
what
conduceth
to
the
peace
and
safety
of
the
Kingdom
and
Church
,
then
who
shall
?
and
so
farewell
to
all
Government
,
and
peace
in
Church
or
State
.
in
Gathedra
Omne animi vitium , tanto conspectius in se Iuvenal . Crimen habet , quanto major qui peccat habetur .
Britain
.
Lib.
Theodo
.
lib.
Marcus
Aurelius
Lucius
Verus
London
,
York
Platina
in
vita
St.
Pius
,
Anicetus
Beda
lib.
Britania
Aremorica
John
Jejunator
(
viz.
Gregory's
epist
(
viz.
G●eg
.
ad
Man●
.
Aug.
lib
cap.
Eccle.
cap.
Victor
cap.
Si
duo
Seld.
Anae
.
Anglo
.
Brit.
lib.
Beda
lib.
Idem
lib.
Northumberland
.
Oswald
Northumberland
.
Sigibert
Camb.
Brit
:
tit
.
Angl.
Sax.
England
,
pag.
Great
Britain
Spelm.
concil
.
an
(
Theodore
Comment.
Lit.
sect.
per
traditionem
baculi
(
id
est
)
&
annuli
quinto
Junii
,
anno
decimo
septimo
,
Ina
,
Withred
,
Alfred
,
Edward
,
Athelstan
,
Edmund
,
Edgar
,
Athelred
,
Canutus
,
Edward
Coke
Analecton
Anglobritannicon
,
fol.
Edward
,
fol.
Lex
vult
non
supervacaneum
Analect
.
Angl.
lib.
Our
Lord
reigning
for
ever
!
Whilst
that
we
see
perillous
times
in
our
days
,
the
fire
of
war
,
the
taking
away
of
our
goods
,
together
with
the
cruel
depredations
of
our
destroying
enemies
and
barbarous
Pagan
nations
do
lie
upon
us
,
the
multiplied
tribulations
do
afflict
us
even
to
utter
destruction
:
Wherefore
I
King
of
the
with
the
councel
of
the
Bishops
and
my
Princes
giving
wholsom
councel
,
and
the
only
remedy
,
have
consented
,
I
have
determined
that
every
portion
given
to
the
holy
Church
,
whether
of
either
Sex
serving
God
,
or
to
miserable
Lay-men
always
the
tenth
Mansion
where
it
is
least
,
or
the
tenth
part
of
all
Goods
,
be
made
for
ever
free
,
that
it
be
safe
and
defended
from
all
secular
services
,
yea
from
the
Kings
greater
or
lesser
tributes
,
or
the
taxations
which
we
call
and
that
it
be
free
of
all
things
for
the
forgiveness
of
our
souls
and
sins
,
to
serve
God
alone
,
without
Expedition
,
building
of
Bridge
,
and
fortifying
of
Castle
.
English
Saxons
Edgar
Athelin
Edmund
Ironside
Speed
fol.
Speed
fol.
Anselm's
;
Significasti
Reges
&
De
Elect.
Pet.
cap.
England
,
p.
Hen
Spelman
,
conc
.
an
.
Legantine
Court
Nuntio's
Court
Stephen
,
para
S
Stephen's
William
Corbel
Tho.
Becket
John
Gray
Stephen
Langton
(
Stephen
Langton
Addit
.
Matth.
Paris
William
Marchyan
John
Baliol
Robert
Bruce
Antioch
,
Syria
Antioch
,
Syria
or
as
we
say
,
he
has
the
means
in
his
own
hands
.
John
Baptist
I
will
offer
my
tythes
,
and
a
peace-offering
to
thee
To
the
all-having
man
shall
be
given
,
and
he
shall
abound
:
If
you
will
not
pay
your
tythes
,
giving
us
only
the
tenth
part
,
the
nine
parts
shall
be
taken
from
you
.
Versteg
.
an
.
&
Seld.
annal.
Anglo
lib.
Ciricsetum
,
vel
Primitias
seminum
[ Here is a great space in the original Manuscript . ]
These
Services
are
observed
in
Parts
beyond
Sea
,
Abraham
VVheelock
Ethelred
,
pag.
And
that
every
Christian
man
,
for
the
fear
of
God
,
does
restrain
the
unlawful
lusts
of
the
flesh
,
and
obey
the
commands
of
Gods
law
.
All
Saints
All
Saints
Apostles
Creed
(
viz.
Vide Para. 9. of the antecedent Chap. 37. Vide Para. 10. of the antecedent Chap. 38.
i.
e.
Lupinum
enim
gerit
caput
To
the
Bonds
Ed.
Coke
Ed.
Coke
Eadgar
Athelin
Britain
.
You
have
required
of
us
,
that
the
Laws
and
of
be
transmitted
to
you
,
which
you
would
use
in
the
Kingdom
of
We
can
always
reprove
the
Laws
,
and
those
of
but
not
at
all
the
Law
of
God
:
For
ye
have
by
Gods
mercy
of
late
received
into
your
Kingdom
of
the
Law
and
Faith
of
Christ
,
you
have
of
your self
in
your
Kingdom
sufficient
Authority
,
from
whence
through
Gods
grace
,
by
the
advice
of
your
Kingdom
,
to
make
a
Law
,
and
by
it
;
through
Gods
patience
,
you
shall
rule
the
Kingdom
of
And
you
are
the
Vicar
of
God
in
your
Kingdom
,
according
to
the
Kingly
Prophet
,
And
again
according
to
the
Kingly
Prophet
,
And
again
according
to
the
Kingly
Prophet
,
&c.
Therefore
neither
the
Judgement
nor
Justice
of
for
they
are
sons
of
the
King
,
Christian
Nations
,
and
people
of
the
Kingdom
,
who
live
under
your
Protection
and
Peace
,
and
Reign
,
and
are
according
to
the
Gospel
,
But
they
are
Nations
and
your
People
of
the
Kingdom
of
and
who
divided
,
you
ought
to
congregate
,
recall
,
nourish
,
hold
with
your
hand
,
protect
,
and
rule
into
one
for
concord
and
peace
,
and
to
the
Faith
,
and
to
the
Law
of
Christ
and
his
holy
Church
,
and
always
to
defend
it
from
evil
doers
,
and
malitious
men
,
and
its
enemies
.
I
Do
not
call
a
King
because
of
his
small
and
tender
age
,
but
because
of
his
folly
and
iniquity
,
and
rage
,
according
to
the
Prophet
King
,
By
eating
,
we
understand
the
Pallat
,
by
the
Pallat
,
Luxury
,
by
Luxury
,
all
things
filthy
and
evil
,
according
to
King
Rex
dicitur
à
Regendo
,
non
à
Regno
:
A
King
thou
shalt
be
so
long
as
thou
rulest
well
,
which
thing
if
thou
wilt
not
do
,
the
name
of
King
shall
not
remain
in
thee
,
and
thou
shalt
lose
the
name
of
King
,
which
God
forbid
.
God
Almighty
grant
to
you
so
to
Rule
your
Kingdom
of
that
you
may
Reign
with
him
for
ever
,
whose
Vicar
you
are
,
in
the
Kingdom
aforesaid
,
who
with
the
Father
and
Son
,
The
Laws
are
Translated
out
of
the
Original
,
set
forth
by
Mr.
in
his
Appendix
to
the
History
of
from
page
Ed.
Coke
Here
is
nothing
but
and
a
man
may
as
well
infer
,
that
did
offer
sacrifice
and
burn
incense
,
and
therefore
they
had
Sacerdotal
power
in
them
;
or
that
King
did
give
the
Crown
,
and
received
holden
of
the
Pope
Cesar
Henry
French
,
English
nisi
quos
impetitus
Elegerit
Against
a
Presbyter
a
writing
is
not
to
be
received
without
two
or
three
approved
witnesses
Jeremy
lib.
primo
(
viz.
half
the
price
of
his
head
,
Helfeng
'
Englishman
,
full
witam
full
witam
âcefalos
,
&
pauperes
,
sive
socham
Towards
the
latter
end
interline
and
end
Lah
sliht
,
full
Wytam
Abraham
Whelock
Case
,
says
the
first
,
did
Ordain
as
well
in
regard
of
his
Ecclesiastical
as
Regal
power
,
that
whensoever
the
Abbot
of
shall
die
,
that
all
the
Possessions
do
remain
entire
and
free
.
Edward
Coke
,
Inst.
It
is
true
,
that
not
only
all
Courts
,
and
planting
of
Christianity
,
were
originally
by
the
Kings
command
or
permission
,
but
the
persons
of
all
men
within
the
Realm
are
in
his
power
:
And
Marriage
,
and
Bastardy
being
so
essential
,
and
whereupon
the
strength
of
mens
estates
and
inheritances
do
depend
,
what
hinders
the
King
to
write
to
the
Bishop
,
to
certifie
the
Loyalty
of
the
Marriage
?
And
if
it
pleases
him
to
do
it
as
his
mediate
officer
,
who
shall
contradict
is
?
Well
,
let
it
be
granted
,
the
Kings
of
in
cases
of
Bastardy
and
Loyal
Matrimony
,
have
written
to
the
Bishop
of
the
Diocese
as
his
mediate
officer
,
yet
it
will
not
follow
that
the
Bishop
is
the
Kings
mediate
officer
in
all
things
and
cases
which
relate
to
his
Episcopal
function
and
jurisdiction
.
Stat.
West
.
an
England
,
Ireland
,
Scotland
li.
Ass.
Pl.
Stat.
de
Biga
Regist.
fol.
v.
N.
B.
f.
Fitz.
N.
B.
fo.
&c.
&
Rast.
pla.
fo.
The
Answer
The
Answer
This
is
added
of
new
by
the
Kings
Council
.
The
Answer
The
Answer
The
Answer
The
Answer
The
Answer
The
Answer
The
answer
Richmond
.
This
resolution
is
not
grounded
upon
any
Custom
or
Law
,
but
onely
upon
a
particular
fact
of
a
King
;
&
à
facto
ad
jus
non
valet
argumentum
.
This
resolution
too
is
onely
grounded
upon
matter
of
Fact
;
and
what
man
will
warrant
all
the
Facts
of
Kings
not
to
be
repugnant
to
the
Laws
of
God
and
man
?
Yet
shall
not
these
men
in
other
things
of
much
less
moment
,
allow
the
Kings
Proclamations
to
be
Legal
,
nor
any
thing
less
then
the
Commons
Law
,
or
Acts
of
Parliament
.
This
is
nothing
neither
but
matter
of
Fact
.
tit
.
Excom.
Ass.
pl.
Fitz
Herbert
Fitz
nat.
Br.
lib.
Ass.
pl.
tit
.
Excom.
tit
.
Agel
de
Roy.
Ass.
pl.
Fitz
Herbert
N.
B.
fol.
Lib.
Ass.
pl.
Nicholas
Moris
lib.
ass.
pl.
St.
de
tit
.
Jurisdict.
Fitz.
nat.
B.
E.
Coke
(
Cawdries
case
Thetford
,
Ipswich
,
Colchester
,
Dover
,
Gilford
,
Southampton
,
Taunton
,
Shaftsbury
,
Molton
,
Marlborough
,
Bedford
,
Leicester
,
Glocester
,
Shrewsbury
,
Bristow
,
Penrith
,
Bridgwater
,
Nottingham
,
Grantham
,
Hull
,
Huntington
,
Cambridge
,
Isle
of
Wight
B.
Bramhalls
Just
Vindication
of
the
Church
of
England
,
Rome
,
Henry
Martin
Luther
Seven
Sacraments
Defender
of
the
Faith
.
Anne
Bullein
Cambridge
,
Oxford
Hist.
Conc-Trid
.
fol.
Anthony
Sellinger
Bram.
Vind.
of
the
Church
of
England
,
p.
de
facto
Camb.
pref.
Eliz.
Reg.
Life
of
Ed.
Conge
deslier
Antiphoners
,
Missals
,
Grails
,
Portuasses
,
Primers
Winchester
,
Andrews
Constantine
'
Sardis
,
Valentinian
Lampsacus
,
Theodosius
Aquileia
,
Gratian
Arimine
;
Liberius
Italy
,
Theodoric
Rome
;
Alaric
France
,
Clowis
Orleans
;
Childebert
Auvern
,
Theodebert
Gunthramn
,
Clowis
,
Carloman
Potestas
permissa
est
nobis
facultas
data
est
nobis
Injunctu
est
nobis
á
rege
Frankfort
,
Arles
,
Tours
,
Chalons
,
Mentz
,
Ludovicus
Pius
,
Lotharius
,
Ludovicus
Balbus
,
Carolus
Calvus
,
Carolus
Crassus
,
Aken
,
Mentz
,
Melden
,
Wormes
,
Colen
,
Bramhalls
Just
Vindication
of
the
Church
of
England
,
cap.
France
,
Spain
à
latere
S.
Peter
Canterbury
,
Cuthbert
Ethelbald
,
para
Westminster
,
an
primo
Eliz.
Jehoshaphat
,
Hezekiah
,
Asa
,
Josiah
,
Tim.
cap
Jane
Gray
Guilford
Dudley
England
,
France
Stat.
An.
Pri.
Cap.
Thomas
Cranmer
St.
An.
Pri.
Ma.
sess
December
Anno
Dom.
St.
An.
Mariae
Sess
non
residence
The
submission
of
the
Clergy
to
the
Kings
Majesty
.
propter
impedimentum
Publicae
honestatis
justitiae
a.
b.
Ma.
cap.
doe
utterly
testifie
and
declare
in
my
conscience
,
that
the
Queens
Highness
is
the
only
supreme
Governor
of
this
Realm
,
and
all
other
her
Highness
Dominions
and
Countries
,
as
well
in
all
Spirituall
or
Ecclesiasticall
things
or
causes
,
as
Temporall
;
and
that
no
forrein
Prince
,
Person
,
Prelate
,
State
,
or
Potentate
hath
or
ought
to
have
any
Jurisdiction
,
Power
,
Superiority
,
Preheminence
or
Authority
Ecclesiasticall
or
Spirituall
within
this
Realm
;
and
therefore
I
doe
utterly
renounce
and
forsake
all
forrein
Jurisdiction
,
Powers
,
Superiorities
and
Authorities
,
and
do
promise
,
that
from
henceforth
I
shall
bear
faith
and
true
allegiance
to
the
Queens
Majesty
,
her
Heirs
,
and
lawfull
Successors
,
and
to
my
power
shall
assist
and
defend
all
Jurisdictions
,
Priviledges
,
Preheminences
and
Authorities
,
granted
or
belonging
to
the
Queens
Highness
,
her
Heirs
and
Successors
,
or
united
and
annexed
to
the
Imperiall
Crown
of
this
Realm
;
So
help
me
God
,
and
the
contents
of
this
Book
.
Ph.
&
M.
Ph.
&
M.
Eliz.
cap.
Agnus
Dei
Agnus
Dei
,
&c.
Agnus
Dei
,
&c.
Eliz.
cap.
St.
John
Stat.
Anno
doe
humbly
confess
and
acknowledge
that
I
have
grievously
offended
God
,
in
contemning
her
Majesties
Godly
and
lawfull
Government
and
Authority
,
by
absenting
my self
from
Church
and
hearing
Divine
Service
,
contrary
to
the
Godly
Lawes
and
Statutes
of
this
Realm
;
and
in
using
and
frequenting
disordered
and
unlawfull
Conventicles
and
Assemblies
under
pretence
and
colour
of
exercise
of
Religion
.
And
I
am
heartily
sorry
for
the
same
,
and
do
acknowledge
and
testifie
in
my
conscience
,
that
no
other
person
hath
or
ought
to
have
Authority
over
her
Majesty
.
And
I
doe
promise
and
protest
without
any
dissimulation
,
or
any
colour
or
means
of
any
dispensation
,
That
from
henceforth
I
will
from
time
to
time
obey
and
perform
her
Majesties
Lawes
and
Statutes
,
in
repairing
to
the
Church
and
hearing
Divine
Service
,
and
do
my
uttermost
endeavor
to
perfom
the
same
.
doe
humbly
confesse
and
acknowledge
,
That
I
have
grievously
offended
God
,
in
contemning
her
Majesties
godly
and
lawfull
government
and
authority
,
by
absenting
my selfe
from
Church
,
and
from
hearing
Divine
Service
,
contrary
to
the
godly
Lawes
and
Statutes
of
this
Realm
;
and
am
heartily
sory
for
the
same
;
and
doe
acknowledg
and
testifie
in
my
Conscience
,
That
the
Bishop
or
See
of
hath
not
,
or
ought
to
have
any
power
or
authority
over
her
Majesty
,
or
within
any
of
her
Majesties
Dominions
or
Realmes
:
And
I
do
promise
and
Protest
without
dissimulation
,
or
any
colour
or
meanes
of
dispensation
,
That
from
henceforth
I
will
from
time
to
time
obey
and
performe
her
Majesties
Lawes
and
Statutes
,
in
repairing
to
Church
,
and
hearing
Divine
Service
,
and
doe
my
utmost
endeavor
to
maintain
and
defend
the
same
.
Paulus
Quartus
Edward
Cerne
(
viz.
Hist
conc
.
Trint.
Camb.
Eliz.
Keg
.
Pag.
Camb.
Eliz.
Reg.
Trint
,
Camb.
Eliz.
Reg.
Camb.
Eliz.
Reg.
We
give
to
Our
Princes
that
Prerogative
which
we
see
in
holy
Scripture
alwayes
given
to
all
godly
Princes
by
God
himself
,
to
rule
all
estates
and
degrees
of
men
committed
to
their
charge
by
God
,
whether
they
be
Ecclesiasticall
or
Temporall
,
and
to
restrain
with
the
sword
all
stubborn
and
evill
doores
.
Fliz.
cap.
If
the
Queen
be
supreme
Governor
in
all
Spirituall
cases
under
Christ
,
then
are
not
Bishops
and
Priests
immediately
Christs
Ministers
,
but
the
Queens
:
Nay
then
may
she
ordain
,
confirm
,
and
consecrate
the
Sacraments
,
which
the
Church
of
&
King
doth
deny
Eliz.
cap.
Camb.
Eliz.
Reg.
Cambd.
Eliza
.
Reg.
Tortus
,
page
Paulus
quartus
Elizabeth
cap.
That
she
had
rather
devoutly
speak
to
God
in
Prayer
,
then
hear
others
discourse
eloquently
of
God
in
their
Sermons
Camb.
Eliz.
Reg.
Stat.
Anno.
Jac.
cap.
The
Tenour
of
the
Oath
I A. B , Doe truly and sincerely acknowledg , professe , testify and declare in my Conscience before God and the World , that our Soveraign Lord King James is lawfull and rightfull King of this Realm , and of all other his Majesties Dominions and Countries , and that the Pope neither of himselfe , nor by any Authority of the Church or See of Rome , or by any other meanes with any other , hath any power or authority to depose the King , or to dispose of any of his Majesties Kingdomes or Dominions , or to authorize any forreigne Prince to invade or annoy him or his Countries , or to discharge any of his subjects of their Allegiance and Obedience to his Majesty , or to give licence or leave to any of them to beare Arms or raise tumults , or to offer any violence or hurt to his Majesties Royall Person , State or Government , or to any of his Majesties Subjects within his Majesties Dominions .
Also , I sweare from my heart , that notwithstanding any Declaration or Sentence of Excommunication or Deprivation made or granted , or to be made or granted by the Pope or his Successors , or by any authority derived , or pretended to be derived from him or his See against the said King , his Heires and Suceessors , or any absolution of the said Subjects from their obedience : I will beare faith and true Allegiance to his Majesty , his Heirs and Successors , and him and them will defend to the uttermost of my power , against all conspiracies and attempts whatsoever , which shall be made against his or their Persons , their Crowne and Dignity , by reason or colour of any such Declaration or Sentence , or otherwise , and will doe my endeavor to disclose and make known unto his Majesty his Heirs and Successors , all Treasons and Traitrous Conspiracies , which I shall know or heare of , to be against him or any of them .
I doe farther sweare , That I doe from my heart abhorre , detest and abjure as impious and Hereticall , this damnable Doctrine and Position , That Princes which be excommunicated or deprived by the Pope , may be deposed or murdered by their Subjects or any other whatsoever .
And I doe beleeve , and in my Conscience am resolved , That neither the Pope nor any person whatsoever , hath power to absolve me of this Oath , or any part therof , which I acknowledg by good and full authority to be lawfully ministred unto me , and doe renounce all Pardons and Dispensations to the contrary . And all these things I doe plainly and sincerely acknowledg and sweare , according to these expresse words by mee spoken , and according to the plaine and common sense and understanding of the same Words , without any Equivocation or mentall Evasion , or secret reservation whatsoever , And I doe make this Recognition and acknowledgment heartily , willingly and truly , upon the Faith of a Christan .
So helpe me God .
Unto
which
Oath
,
so
taken
,
the
said
Person
shall
subscribe
his
or
her
name
or
marke
.
No
Indictment
to
be
had
or
found
for
not
repairing
to
Church
,
or
for
not
receiving
the
Sacrament
according
to
Law
,
nor
any
Proclamation
,
Outlawry
or
other
proceeding
thereupon
shall
be
avoyded
,
discharged
,
reversed
for
default
of
forme
(
other
then
by
direct
Travers
to
the
point
of
not
coming
to
Church
,
or
not
receiving
the
said
Sacrament
.
)
If
any
Person
so
Indicted
,
afterward
submit
and
conform
himselfe
,
and
become
obedient
to
the
Lawes
of
the
Church
of
and
heare
Divine
Service
according
to
the
Statute
in
that
case
made
,
and
publiquely
receive
the
Sacrament
,
according
to
the
Lawes
of
this
Realm
,
that
then
every
such
person
may
reverse
and
discharge
the
said
Indictment
.
Every
subject
of
this
Realme
,
that
shall
passe
out
of
this
Realme
,
and
voluntarily
serve
any
forreign
Prince
,
State
or
Potentate
,
not
having
taken
this
Oath
,
as
aforesaid
,
shall
be
a
felon
.
If
any
Gentleman
,
or
person
of
higher
degree
,
or
any
person
or
persons
which
hath
born
,
or
shall
bear
any
office
of
Captain
,
Lieutenant
or
any
other
Office
in
Camp
,
Army
or
Company
of
Souldiers
,
shall
after
voluntarily
serve
any
foreign
Prince
,
State
,
or
Potentate
,
before
he
shall
become
bound
by
obligation
,
with
two
such
sureties
as
shall
be
allowed
by
the
Officers
,
which
by
this
Act
are
limited
to
take
such
bond
unto
the
King
in
the
summe
of
l.
at
least
,
with
condition
to
the
effect
following
,
shall
be
a
Felon
.
Stat.
Annn.
Eliz.
cap.
An
Act
for
the
better
discovery
and
repressing
Popish
Recusants
,
&c.
Oxford
,
Kent
,
Middlesex
,
Sussex
,
Surrey
,
Hampshire
,
Barkshire
,
Buckinghamshire
,
Gloucestershire
,
Worcestershire
,
Staffordshire
,
Warwickshire
,
Wiltshire
,
Somersetshire
,
Devonshire
,
Cornwall
,
Dorcetshire
,
Herefordshire
,
Northamptonshire
,
Pembrokeshire
,
Carmarthenshire
,
Brecknock-shire
,
Monmothshire
,
Cardiganshire
Montgomeryshire
,
Essex
,
Hertfordshire
,
Bedfordshire
,
Cambridgshire
,
Huntingtonshire
,
Suffolk
,
Northfolk
,
Lincolnshire
,
Rutlandshire
,
Leicestershire
,
Derbishire
,
Notinghamshire
,
Shropshire
,
Cheshire
,
Lancashire
,
Yorkshire
,
Durham
,
Northumberland
,
Cumberland
,
Westmorland
,
Radnorshire
,
Denbyshire
,
Flintshire
,
Carnarvonshire
,
Angleseyshire
,
Merionethshire
,
Glamorganshire
,
Malcolm
Conmor
Edgar
Atheling
&
Ed.
Eliz.
cap.
Cambden
Eliz.
Reg.
pag.
Perth
anno
viz.
Anno
Dom.
(
viz.
That
the
Portracture
of
King
in
his
sufferings
Balmerino
An.
Du
Roy
That
as
God
had
given
him
afflictions
to
exercise
his
patience
,
so
he
had
given
him
patience
to
bear
his
afflictions
.
Qui
nescit
dissimulare
nescit
regnare
Harvey
Gen.
Anim.
exerc.
propt
.
med
He
hath
filled
the
hungry
with
good
things
,
and
the
rich
he
hath
sent
empty
away
,
&c.
Edward
Coke
Cap.
Petty
Treason
prop.
sin
Oliver
Cromwell
Muscovites
,
Armenians
,
Persian
,
Indians
,
&c.
Germans
,
Swedes
,
Polanders
Italians
,
Spaniards
Adgenerum Cereris sine caede , & sanguine pauci Juvenal Sat. 10. Descendunt Reges . —
de
Gen.
Anim.
esseque
omnipotentis
creatoris
vicarium
Spiritus intus alit , totamque infusa per artus , Mens agitat molem . — Virg Aenei .
Lar
familiare
Edward
Coke
Whitehall
,
June
Abermenay
,
Porthathir
gratis
dictum
de
cive
de
cive
Et Pergrata Deus nobis haec otia fecit , Optimus est Patriae jura referre labor .
equally
moderately
equally
and
moderately
chief
govenment
chief
men
government
any
Bishops
any
other
Bishops
to
direct
so
direct
the
essentiall
and
the
essentiall
to
them
to
it
l.
penult
,
dele
Henry
wherein
consists
the
perfection
of
Government
.
dele
of
fact