BEginning
then
with
the
Exterior
parts
,
which
are
most
easie
to
be
known
,
for
I
shall
●enetrate
into
the
Interior
afterwards
.
Pope
Alexander
the
VII
,
who
at
present
sits
in
the
Chair
,
was
born
at
Siena
,
the
sixth
day
of
February
,
in
the
year
1599
,
so
that
he
hath
passed
the
one
and
sixtieth
year
of
his
age
on
the
same
day
of
this
present
year
1660.
It
is
now
the
sixth
year
of
his
being
Pope
,
which
began
on
the
seventh
day
of
this
present
month
of
April
.
This
Pope
does
not
enjoy
a
health
which
can
be
called
perfect
,
because
it
is
subject
to
divers
such
alterations
,
as
do
not
ordinarily
give
us
any
hopes
of
a
long
life
.
The
first
is
a
great
Humidity
of
the
Brain
,
which
obliges
him
to
keep
his
head
ever
very
Hot
.
Nor
does
this
suffice
to
hinder
the
bad
effects
of
it
;
since
his
teeth
being
spoiled
and
lost
by
the
continual
defluxion
which
fell
upon
them
,
he
hath
so
few
left
,
that
if
he
had
not
supplied
that
want
,
by
causing
Artificial
ones
to
be
set
in
their
stead
,
it
would
be
a
great
hindrance
to
his
speech
:
Nor
does
he
speak
plain
with
all
this
Art
,
and
not
being
able
therewith
to
chaw
sufficiently
,
he
is
necessitated
to
eat
onely
Liquid
things
,
which
have
no
need
of
being
chewed
;
and
although
they
should
naturally
be
of
a
more
easie
digestion
,
yet
experience
tells
us
,
that
they
do
not
always
succeed
with
him
,
since
he
is
subject
to
indispositions
and
qualms
in
his
stomach
,
which
can
be
attributed
to
nothing
but
indigestion
,
the
debility
of
his
natural
heat
hindring
the
concoction
of
such
nourishing
meats
as
they
ordinarily
feed
him
with
.
Exercise
,
however
,
does
him
good
,
for
he
walks
in
the
Gallery
,
and
in
his
Garden
,
and
sometimes
a
foot
in
those
Streets
that
are
the
least
frequented
about
the
City
.
He
finds
case
likewise
in
Purgations
,
for
which
purpose
he
ordains
the
Retreat
he
makes
in
the
Campagnia
of
Rome
,
both
Spring
and
Fall
.
From
all
which
it
happens
,
that
being
assaulted
on
the
one
side
by
the
weakness
of
his
Complexion
,
and
upheld
on
the
other
hand
by
all
that
the
Art
and
Industry
of
Man
can
invent
,
he
may
hold
out
possibly
to
the
three
and
sixtieth
year
of
his
age
,
which
will
be
his
Climaterical
,
for
at
that
time
are
those
bad
humors
principally
encreased
and
stirred
up
.
He
is
not
free
from
the
pain
of
the
Stone
,
which
is
so
ordinary
at
Rome
,
being
very
often
tormented
with
the
difficulty
of
making
Urine
by
certain
little
Stones
,
which
are
soonest
bred
in
those
of
a
delicate
constitution
,
and
who
apply
themselves
to
business
.
For
it
is
certain
,
that
none
can
tie
themselves
to
it
more
than
the
Pope
does
,
who
hardly
let
s
pass
any
morning
without
giving
audience
,
employing
the
remainder
of
the
day
in
the
discussion
of
the
most
knotty
affairs
.
And
although
he
does
sometimes
divertise
his
more
troubled
and
wearied
thoughts
by
Entertainments
of
Literature
,
as
of
Poetry
,
History
or
Policy
amongst
Learned
men
;
it
is
nevertheless
impossible
but
his
Spirits
must
then
likewise
be
very
busie
and
intent
,
in
making
reflexions
on
the
choice
discourses
have
been
held
before
him
;
to
which
must
be
added
such
things
as
sometimes
disquiet
him
;
so
that
it
is
no
wonder
,
if
with
all
this
a
complexion
of
it self
but
feeble
,
cannot
suffice
to
all
that
is
necessary
for
the
functions
of
his
natural
life
.
The
Pope
is
of
a
stature
rather
low
than
midling
,
of
a
black
hair
,
which
never
till
now
beg●n
to
turn
gray
,
and
,
which
is
a
sign
of
the
debility
of
his
natural
heat
,
his
skin
is
white
,
inclining
a
little
to
the
Leaden
colour
▪
which
is
likewise
another
convincing
proof
of
that
disposition
I
have
before
noted
.
He
loves
neatness
,
and
indeed
an
extraordinary
decency
in
all
things
,
but
particularly
in
his
diet
and
cloaths
;
and
therefore
the
care
and
industry
of
those
that
cover
his
Table
,
and
make
ready
his
Viands
,
is
so
great
,
that
they
omit
nothing
imaginable
,
for
the
least
fault
,
either
in
the
Meats
themselves
,
or
the
Dressing
of
them
,
were
enough
to
anger
him
.
But
for
his
Cloaths
,
he
is
as
curious
of
the
best
Linnen
,
as
if
he
were
yet
in
the
flower
of
his
Youth
;
nor
does
it
suffice
him
to
be
cloathed
in
the
most
exquisit
Cloth
,
but
he
must
have
his
Garments
enriched
with
all
the
Adornments
that
can
give
them
most
lustre
and
price
:
as
it
is
well
known
that
when
he
goes
into
the
Country
,
he
wears
some
that
are
garnished
with
little
Diamond
Buttons
,
and
other
Ornaments
,
both
Costly
and
Magnificent
.
He
hath
the
same
curiosity
for
the
Places
he
dwells
in
,
and
pleaseth
himself
wonderfully
in
fair
Houses
,
which
are
so
contrived
as
to
bring
in
the
Light
on
every
side
,
and
where
nothing
more
can
be
desired
either
in
the
Structure
or
the
Ornament
;
which
is
the
cause
,
that
in
the
House
whether
he
retires
in
Spring
and
Autumn
,
he
was
not
contented
with
what
Urban
had
done
,
but
hath
added
new
quarters
to
it
,
and
changed
those
that
were
there
already
,
that
it
might
be
magnificent
and
Royal
.
He
hath
enlarged
the
Palace
of
the
Quirinal
with
fair
and
long
Apartments
,
for
the
use
of
such
as
belong
to
the
Popes
House
,
having
had
as
little
regard
for
the
great
expences
required
in
the
construction
of
those
Edifices
,
as
if
he
had
Mines
of
Gold
,
or
as
if
the
Security
of
the
Ecclesiastical
State
had
consisted
therein
.
But
the
Popes
pleasure
is
not
bounded
with
the
enlarging
and
embellishing
onely
of
the
Papal
Palaces
,
he
shows
the
same
passion
for
the
whole
City
.
And
thus
it
being
in
his
thoughts
and
design
to
embellish
it
in
the
same
manner
,
as
those
Roman
Emperors
formerly
with
much
care
and
heat
endeavoured
to
do
,
to
wit
,
Augustus
,
Vespasian
,
Domitian
,
and
others
,
he
hath
given
full
power
to
the
Magistrate
,
who
hath
the
office
of
surveying
the
Streets
,
to
pull
down
Houses
and
Palaces
,
where
he
judges
the
conveniency
and
ornament
of
the
City
does
require
it
.
So
that
,
in
effect
,
one
may
see
them
very
busie
every
day
in
demolishing
of
antient
Structures
,
either
to
make
some
places
the
more
spacious
&
uniform
,
or
to
open
a
fitter
way
to
some
new
streets
,
and
to
that
purpose
there
is
a
Tax
imposed
on
the
neighbouring
Dwellings
,
which
obliges
the
Proprietors
to
pay
to
those
,
whose
Houses
have
been
pulled
down
,
a
sum
proportionate
to
their
value
.
And
the
Pope
does
so
much
delight
herein
,
that
as
long
as
his
time
lasts
,
he
will
not
abstain
from
making
these
changes
,
there
being
never
want
of
occasion
,
either
to
remove
,
or
to
rebuild
in
a
City
,
where
in
the
time
the
Barbarians
possessed
it
,
the
Houses
were
raised
without
any
Symmetry
,
onely
for
the
convenience
of
the
Inhabitants
;
and
from
this
arises
so
many
complaints
in
the
City
,
that
without
any
necessity
,
onely
for
the
fancy
and
pleasure
of
the
Pope
,
and
sometimes
of
his
Ministers
,
many
Families
,
that
have
but
mean
Fortunes
,
should
feel
the
weight
of
such
grand
Payments
,
which
brings
them
neither
benefit
nor
conveniency
in
return
.
But
that
which
exceeds
all
these
excessive
Expences
,
is
,
what
he
hath
bestowed
upon
that
great
and
vast
massie
Portico
which
he
hath
undertaken
to
raise
round
about
the
place
of
the
Basilique
Vaticane
,
for
having
changed
the
Design
that
famous
Architect
Michael
Angel
B●ota●ola
had
formerly
laid
,
who
wrought
with
so
much
success
at
the
same
Temple
of
St.
Peters
,
and
reduced
this
work
to
one
range
of
Porticos
,
which
without
any
excessive
expence
would
have
made
it
an
admirable
Structure
,
and
very
commodious
for
the
Coaches
,
either
when
it
rained
or
shined
;
having
changed
this
design
,
I
say
,
he
follows
that
of
some
Modern
Architects
,
who
have
made
it
of
an
extraordinary
greatness
,
for
it
is
to
be
of
a
Circular
form
,
with
three
Walks
or
Alleys
,
and
all
of
Stone
of
Tivoli
.
And
although
the
Architects
have
found
by
their
Calculation
,
that
the
expence
will
not
exceed
five
hundred
thousand
Crowns
;
yet
if
we
reckon
according
to
what
the
little
that
is
finished
already
hath
cost
,
we
shall
find
,
that
what
is
proportionably
to
be
done
,
cannot
be
completed
hardly
for
a
million
of
Crowns
.
These
high
and
great
designs
are
very
certain
marks
,
that
the
Pope
has
a
Soul
truly
Royal
;
and
truly
he
makes
it
appear
in
all
the
publick
actions
he
undertakes
,
as
may
be
seen
by
the
reception
he
made
of
the
Queen
of
Sweden
,
in
which
he
omitted
nothing
that
might
add
any
glory
or
lustre
to
make
it
proud
and
equal
,
if
it
were
possible
,
to
the
Ancient
Roman
Triumphs
;
and
by
his
Magnificence
he
inoited
the
whole
Court
to
shew
the
complaisance
they
take
in
following
and
imitating
herein
the
inclinations
of
his
Holiness
:
But
when
we
consider
on
the
one
side
,
that
the
Apostolique
Chamber
is
drained
by
the
insatiability
of
the
preceding
Popes
,
and
on
the
other
side
,
that
the
times
are
miserable
and
bad
,
the
profusion
of
so
much
Treasure
appears
to
the
world
to
be
ill
husbandry
and
not
in
season
,
since
it
might
have
been
employ'd
with
more
praise
and
merit
,
and
to
better
purpose
,
for
the
most
pressing
Necessities
of
Christendom
,
who
looking
upon
Rome
as
the
North-Star
to
guide
them
,
and
the
Pope
as
their
Tutelary
God
,
cannot
but
be
afflicted
to
behold
him
,
instead
of
healing
their
wounds
and
composing
their
distractions
,
amusing
and
pleasing
himself
in
raising
and
adorning
of
starely
Walls
.
However
,
it
cannot
be
denied
,
but
such
great
Spirits
do
extremely
thirst
after
Glory
and
Renown
.
The
wisest
men
,
who
perceived
it
from
the
beginning
,
always
scoffed
at
the
Popes
sparingness
in
the
first
years
of
his
Reign
,
as
not
being
willing
to
see
his
nearest
kindred
,
much
less
inrich
them
:
nay
more
,
it
was
their
opinion
,
that
he
affected
this
little
glory
of
renouncing
his
particular
Interests
,
thereby
to
acquire
himself
a
greater
afterwards
,
as
if
already
he
had
the
ambition
to
do
those
things
,
which
Popes
of
a
most
holy
life
could
never
do
before
:
But
since
that
the
world
has
found
the
Pope
extremely
glad
to
be
induced
by
the
Cardinals
and
the
Ministers
of
other
Princes
,
to
call
those
of
his
Family
to
Rome
,
while
in
so
doing
it
might
appear
,
that
he
was
rather
prompted
to
it
by
the
earnest
intreaties
of
all
the
Court
,
than
by
the
●latteries
of
his
kindred
.
Rome
●●
too
subtle
,
and
can
dive
too
far
into
the
designs
of
those
that
command
her
not
to
perceive
this
,
and
now
rigorously
soever
they
forbid
them
from
judging
of
the
actions
of
their
Princes
;
yet
would
they
not
forbear
it
on
this
occasion
.
And
to
say
truth
,
they
could
not
apprehend
how
the
Pope
,
who
hath
so
much
ambition
to
revive
the
memory
of
his
Ancestors
,
could
suffer
it
to
be
buried
in
the
oblivion
of
his
kindred
yet
living
;
these
were
contradictions
that
could
not
in
any
wise
be
reconciled
.
But
,
however
it
were
then
,
certain
it
is
,
that
at
present
they
are
so
well
at
their
ease
,
that
should
the
Pope
die
,
they
will
have
no
cause
to
envie
others
riches
:
anon
I
shall
give
the
reasons
more
particularly
.
But
e're
I
go
further
,
I
will
not
omit
to
let
you
know
the
Original
of
this
House
,
and
by
what
degrees
the
Pope
could
rise
to
so
high
a
Dignity
.
His
Nobility
is
as
considerable
as
could
be
in
the
City
of
Siena
,
where
they
are
registred
in
the
number
of
those
antient
Families
,
that
have
been
honoured
with
such
Commands
as
that
City
is
wont
to
bestow
upon
her
Members
,
and
have
maintained
themselves
by
their
Alliance
with
those
Families
that
were
nothing
inferior
to
them
.
But
this
is
not
the
first
time
that
they
have
made
themselves
known
at
Rome
.
In
the
time
of
Julius
the
Second
the
House
of
the
Chigi
had
employments
in
the
Court
,
not
of
Prelature
,
but
Offices
in
the
Chamber
,
which
spreads
the
names
of
those
that
exercise
them
over
all
parts
;
and
at
that
time
the
Chigi
made
theirs
the
more
known
,
because
they
hapned
to
serve
a
Pope
both
passionate
and
turbulent
above
all
others
.
Whence
follows
,
that
because
of
the
profusion
of
monies
those
that
are
thus
rash
are
forced
to
make
use
of
to
maintain
the
Wars
they
undertake
.
Augustine
Chigi
,
who
managed
the
Treasury
,
had
a
fair
opportunity
to
play
his
part
,
being
naturally
active
.
But
though
he
were
very
stirring
,
and
that
there
was
much
jealousie
about
the
administration
,
yet
Julius
never
had
the
least
distrust
of
his
integrity
,
on
the
contrary
he
testifi'd
the
good
opinion
he
had
of
him
by
those
marks
of
Honor
he
bestowed
,
in
adopting
both
him
and
his
Heirs
into
the
House
of
the
Rovere
,
whose
Arms
they
bear
to
this
day
.
Since
that
,
in
the
time
of
Paul
III
,
(
as
great
employments
are
exposed
to
great
dangers
)
those
of
the
House
of
Chigi
found
themselves
eclipsed
a
little
of
their
first
splendor
,
which
was
cause
that
the
best
of
their
means
being
alienated
,
and
especially
their
delicious
Garden
on
the
Tyber
,
just
opposite
to
the
Palace
of
Farnese
,
which
remained
to
the
House
that
held
the
Chair
,
they
returned
to
their
Country
,
where
in
a
moderate
,
but
honorable
condition
,
they
quietly
passed
their
time
,
till
an
opportunity
offered
it self
to
Fabius
Chigi
,
who
is
Pope
at
present
,
and
who
was
then
a
young
boy
of
great
hopes
,
to
reinstate
himself
in
a
better
fortune
,
as
he
was
encouraged
by
his
Parents
and
Friends
,
who
believed
,
that
a
person
adorned
with
all
manner
of
virtues
would
much
wrong
himself
,
should
he
hide
those
rich
Talents
,
and
let
them
lie
buried
in
idleness
,
by
not
going
out
from
the
gates
of
his
own
City
.
But
he
was
hindred
by
the
little
wealth
he
had
,
and
also
because
his
friends
had
not
been
able
to
advance
themselves
during
the
long
interval
that
those
of
his
Family
had
been
kept
from
the
Court
:
Nevertheless
,
where
power
is
wanting
,
his
confidence
in
putting
himself
forward
by
what
means
soever
shewed
it self
.
For
being
come
to
Rome
,
he
got
acquaintance
of
the
Marquis
Pallavicino
,
at
that
time
a
young
man
of
great
virtue
,
and
for
that
cause
ever
very
welcom
to
Urbane
.
This
is
he
,
who
since
made
himself
a
Jesuite
,
and
who
having
been
promoted
to
a
Cardinalship
sometime
since
,
will
oblige
us
to
speak
somewhat
of
him
hereafter
.
This
Marquis
then
brought
him
to
the
Pope's
feet
,
and
presented
him
as
a
person
capable
to
bring
any
business
about
with
honour
,
when
ever
any
occasion
profer'd
to
serve
the
Holy
Chair
.
His
manner
of
deportment
pleased
the
Pope
,
so
that
how
mean
soever
his
establishment
were
at
first
,
it
was
not
long
ere
he
was
appointed
to
be
Inquisitor
at
Malta
,
in
which
employment
he
having
made
his
worth
appear
,
was
shortly
after
sent
in
quality
of
Vice-Legate
to
Ferara
.
There
it
was
,
that
what
had
been
conceived
of
his
virtue
being
made
known
,
he
was
sent
Nuncio
to
Collen
,
in
a
time
when
the
divisions
of
Christendome
were
at
their
heighth
.
And
although
in
this
employment
he
did
not
succeed
so
well
as
to
conclude
the
Peace
,
yet
he
performed
his
part
and
devoire
admirably
well
.
But
because
the
Protestant
Forces
prevailed
,
with
whom
he
could
have
no
communication
,
being
Minister
to
the
Pope
,
it
was
not
sufficient
that
he
had
induced
the
Catholiques
to
make
a
fair
and
just
accommodation
,
whilst
the
others
stood
stifly
on
their
excessive
pretences
,
so
that
he
could
not
act
as
it
might
have
been
hoped
he
would
have
done
,
had
he
been
to
Negotiate
between
two
Parties
of
the
same
Religion
:
but
what
is
wonderful
,
is
that
the
Spaniards
and
the
Imperialists
,
who
were
both
tired
and
discontented
,
being
brought
to
this
pass
to
make
the
best
accommodation
they
could
,
the
first
with
the
Hollanders
,
and
the
others
with
the
French
,
not
onely
without
any
advantage
,
but
even
to
the
prejudice
of
Religion
,
and
the
Nuncio
having
expressed
a
great
deal
of
his
displeasure
to
both
of
them
,
he
did
it
yet
in
such
a
manner
as
left
no
ill
impression
on
either
Party
,
but
on
the
contrary
they
were
much
edified
to
find
nothing
but
zeal
in
him
,
judging
thereby
that
he
was
so
much
a
better
Minister
to
his
Prince
,
by
how
much
he
disapproved
what
they
had
resolved
to
do
,
rather
out
of
necessity
than
any
good-will
,
onely
to
preserve
both
themselves
and
their
Religion
from
greater
danger
.
He
behaved
himself
with
the
same
prudence
when
he
returned
to
Rome
,
for
being
called
to
the
charge
of
first
Secretary
,
though
he
succeeded
the
Cardinal
Pancirolo
,
in
whom
Nature
had
assembled
all
the
circumspection
and
craft
that
could
be
desired
,
and
that
he
was
to
serve
a
Pope
so
difficult
to
be
pleased
,
as
Innocent
was
;
yet
did
he
carry
things
so
well
,
as
that
Pope
was
fully
satisfi'd
in
all
matters
that
he
negotiated
;
and
above
all
things
he
shunn'd
as
a
precipice
medling
with
the
interest
of
the
Pope's
Niece
,
who
would
have
all
the
Ministers
to
acknowledge
she
was
both
Lady
and
Mistris
of
that
Prelate
;
and
the
Pope
had
so
great
a
consideration
for
him
,
that
being
at
the
last
extremity
,
where
the
heart
speaks
more
then
the
tongue
,
and
where
all
dissimulation
is
laid
aside
,
he
recommended
him
as
a
man
very
worthy
to
succeed
him
in
the
Papacy
;
so
that
it
was
not
without
reason
that
your
Lordships
from
that
time
conceived
for
the
Cardinal
Chigi
,
that
good
opinion
that
ever
since
they
have
had
of
him
,
and
amongst
those
you
recommended
to
the
Lords
Cardinals
Bragadino
,
Vidman
and
Ottobuono
,
I
remember
that
he
was
the
first
named
by
those
that
represented
you
in
Germany
,
as
having
all
those
merits
requisite
to
fill
the
vacant
Chair
:
which
also
hath
very
happily
succeeded
.
And
truly
,
if
we
consider
the
good
conduct
of
his
life
,
the
integrity
of
his
manners
,
and
his
knowledge
of
the
Interests
of
all
States
,
which
are
all
qualities
that
meet
in
the
Pope's
Person
,
there
is
no
cause
you
should
repent
your
wishing
it
,
or
your
having
laboured
to
raise
him
:
but
the
mischief
is
,
that
what
goodness
and
integrity
soever
the
Cardinals
have
,
they
no
sooner
begin
to
taste
the
sweetness
of
being
Masters
,
and
having
no
Superior
but
God
,
but
they
change
their
natures
,
and
think
themselves
no
longer
obliged
to
follow
those
Maxims
they
said
were
rooted
in
their
Souls
whilst
they
were
Cardinals
.
Who
would
believe
that
Pope
Alexander
having
so
great
a
capacity
,
whereby
he
can
truly
judge
of
the
dangers
Christianity
is
in
,
should
have
assisted
the
Turk
to
advance
and
establish
an
Arsenal
in
Candia
of
all
his
Forces
,
and
that
he
should
have
shewed
himself
every
way
so
obstinate
,
as
he
did
,
in
refusing
those
benefits
which
might
serve
in
this
conjuncture
?
Who
would
ever
have
thought
,
that
a
Cardinal
,
who
,
before
his
promotion
to
the
Cardinalship
,
breathed
nothing
but
zeal
,
and
seemed
to
languish
with
sorrow
,
to
behold
the
miserable
estate
that
Christendom
was
going
to
be
plunged
into
by
that
obstinate
War
between
two
of
her
greatest
Crowns
,
should
not
,
being
raised
to
the
Holy
Chair
,
burn
with
the
like
ardor
for
a
general
peace
?
Who
would
have
believed
,
that
when
the
most
essential
matters
were
agreed
upon
for
the
healing
of
our
present
miseries
,
he
should
seek
to
quarrel
for
very
slight
reasons
,
which
have
no
other
object●
but
either
to
amplifie
his
jurisdiction
,
or
maintain
his
own
Opinions
and
Sentiments
?
I
shall
hint
at
many
of
these
changes
in
this
discourse
,
that
your
most
serene
Lordships
may
consider
,
as
they
have
ever
done
,
what
confidence
they
may
put
in
the
words
and
promises
of
these
Cardinals
before
and
after
their
Elevation
to
the
Papacy
,
who
because
they
cannot
at
first
gainsay
,
what
they
have
so
lately
declared
they
would
do
,
afterwards
by
degrees
lay
aside
all
manner
of
respect
during
their
Reign
,
and
onely
knit
themselves
to
what
their
own
proper
interests
,
or
the
suggestions
of
their
flatterers
inspire
them
with
.
But
,
in
the
mean
time
,
not
to
omit
what
I
promised
at
the
beginning
to
make
known
,
concerning
the
Pope's
nearest
kindred
;
those
towards
whom
his
Holiness
bears
the
greatest
affection
,
are
the
Lord
Don
Mario
his
Brother
,
who
married
a
Gentlewoman
of
Siena
of
the
House
de
la
Cia●a
,
and
the
Lord
Flavio
his
Son
,
at
this
time
Cardinal
,
and
firnamed
the
Cardinal
Padrone
,
that
is
to
say
,
Master
.
He
hath
a
like
,
and
perhaps
a
greater
affection
for
the
Lord
Augustin
,
the
Son
of
another
Brother
,
who
was
named
Augustin
:
and
this
was
he
who
having
two
years
since
married
the
Prince
Borghese's
Sister
,
remained
Head
of
the
Family
after
the
death
of
Don
Mario
.
I
think
it
therefore
necessary
to
give
an
account
of
all
these
to
your
most
Serene
Lordships
,
since
,
as
I
have
already
said
,
the
divers
accidents
that
hapned
,
did
not
permit
your
Ministers
to
relate
any
thing
to
you
of
certainty
.
The
Lord
Don
Mario
,
who
is
five
years
elder
then
the
Pope
,
is
beloved
of
his
Holiness
,
as
much
as
the
tie
and
relation
of
kindred
between
them
,
and
the
respect
he
hath
ever
had
for
him
does
require
,
without
having
,
however
received
any
other
favour
:
because
the
said
Lord
Don
Mario
having
for
the
most
part
had
but
a
mean
fortune
,
could
nor
assist
him
,
being
young
,
any
otherwise
than
by
wishing
he
might
arrive
to
that
grandeur
,
and
by
presaging
his
felicity
,
the
little
wealth
that
came
to
his
share
being
allotted
to
other
uses
.
And
as
he
nothing
at
all
resembles
the
Pope
in
visage
,
so
likewise
are
their
manners
and
genius
very
different
.
The
one
is
lean
,
and
the
other
is
fat
:
the
one
is
great
,
and
the
other
little
:
the
one
is
slow
and
mild
,
and
the
other
is
prompt
and
severe
:
the
one
is
addicted
to
study
and
learning
,
the
other
never
applies
himself
to
it
:
the
the
one
is
of
a
high
spirit
,
and
ever
undertaking
great
things
,
the
other
burns
with
covetousness
,
and
pleases
himself
with
nothing
but
in
seeking
out
the
means
to
amass
much
Treasure
:
And
because
the
Pope
hath
a
good
opinion
of
his
integrity
,
he
hath
given
him
the
Government
of
Rome
,
in
what
concerns
the
means
to
maintain
abundance
or
plenty
,
and
to
content
the
people
.
But
instead
of
that
,
there
is
nothing
else
heard
over
all
the
City
but
complaints
against
his
Ministers
or
Officers
,
who
buy
and
ingross
before
the
season
,
to
retail
and
sell
it
to
advantage
,
and
who
have
other
Monopolies
,
not
onely
of
Profits
,
which
none
till
his
time
had
ever
thought
on
or
practis'd
,
but
likewise
all
those
which
custome
had
allowed
under
other
Popes
,
whose
nearest
kindred
ever
manag'd
them
.
In
the
present
Government
there
is
this
besides
,
that
they
do
what
they
can
to
improve
the
Offices
more
than
ordinary
,
which
are
us'd
to
belong
to
the
Pope's
kindred
,
by
such
ways
and
subtilties
as
were
never
heretofore
made
trial
of
.
In
the
Government
of
Borgo
,
where
the
Lord
Don
Mario
exercising
his
jurisdiction
,
makes
that
of
Governor
of
Rome
to
cease
with
a
notable
augmentation
of
the
Profits
of
his
Tribunal
,
he
makes
use
of
so
much
rigour
,
that
every
day
one
hears
nothing
but
lamentations
,
and
by
his
inexorableness
to
shew
favour
,
he
makes
the
present
Government
to
become
more
and
more
odious
.
It
hath
seldome
hapned
to
me
to
have
had
any
affairs
with
his
Excellency
,
because
it
belongs
not
to
his
Office
to
meddle
with
any
matters
which
the
Pope
treats
of
with
other
Princes
,
unless
he
have
an
express
Commission
;
yet
did
I
not
omit
to
wait
upon
him
at
those
times
we
are
wont
to
renew
our
complements
;
and
I
ever
brought
away
particular
assurances
of
the
great
esteem
he
hath
for
your
most
serene
Lordships
.
The
Lady
Berenice
his
Wife
,
although
she
were
born
in
a
City
where
they
seldome
live
after
the
Court
fashion
,
hath
so
admirably
fashion'd
her self
to
it
in
the
short
time
she
lived
at
Rome
,
that
she
is
able
at
present
to
teach
others
:
which
we
must
not
wonder
at
,
since
whatever
the
speaks
is
naturally
accompani'd
with
such
a
certain
kind
of
modesty
and
affability
,
as
gains
the
affection
and
attracts
the
respect
of
all
those
that
converse
with
her
.
She
may
be
about
48
years
of
age
.
She
is
rarely
admitted
to
the
Pope's
presence
;
nor
does
she
seek
very
much
to
crave
his
favour
,
it
being
so
enjoyned
her
at
her
first
appearance
in
Rome
,
that
so
by
her
abstaining
to
intermeddle
in
things
not
concerning
her
,
the
Court
might
perceive
how
odious
it
was
for
the
Niece
of
Pope
Innocent
to
delight
in
the
management
of
all
affairs
;
wherein
he
that
suffered
it
was
much
more
blameable
than
her self
.
The
Cardinal
Flavio
Chigi
,
is
a
young
man
of
29
years
,
of
a
mean
heighth
,
black
hair'd
,
and
his
visage
round
and
fat
,
of
a
constitution
mixt
betwixt
a
Sangnine
&
Melanchollique
.
He
would
enjoy
his
health
more
perfectly
were
he
but
moderate
in
his
diet
,
wherein
he
exceeds
:
for
he
eats
much
,
&
very
nourishing
meats
,
without
regarding
the
precepts
given
him
for
the
preservation
of
his
health
.
It
is
said
likewise
,
that
he
's
not
so
moderate
as
he
ought
to
be
in
his
pleasures
of
the
flesh
,
which
obliges
him
oftner
than
might
be
expected
from
his
youth
,
to
keep
his
bed
:
but
the
Physitians
,
because
the
Cardinal
forbids
them
,
do
not
tell
the
Pope
the
true
reasons
of
his
confinement
,
for
fear
his
Holiness
should
have
an
ill
opinion
of
him
,
and
look
upon
him
as
a
debauche
'
,
that
loves
both
Wine
and
Women
too
much
.
I
cannot
affirm
any
thing
with
certainty
of
his
ability
in
affairs
,
because
if
he
be
able
to
do
no
more
than
he
does
,
I
must
say
,
that
he
can
do
but
little
,
since
one
gets
nothing
from
him
but
complements
,
fair
excuses
,
or
promises
,
which
in
the
end
turn
to
nothing
,
making
all
his
answers
speak
either
of
the
repugnance
he
met
with
in
his
Holiness
,
or
some
other
motive
,
that
was
occasion
of
the
refusal
,
or
delay
of
an
Affair
.
And
for
this
reason
,
I
thought
it
far
better
in
any
thing
of
importance
to
go
my self
directly
to
the
Pope
,
than
to
make
use
of
the
intercession
of
the
Cardinal
,
who
being
for
the
most
part
diverted
by
his
Pastimes
,
either
forgets
some
of
those
circumstances
which
are
very
essential
to
a
business
,
which
might
make
the
success
the
more
easie
,
or
elso
acquiesces
with
the
first
denial
,
or
difficulty
the
Pope
makes
in
it
;
and
this
brings
afterwards
a
double
trouble
,
first
to
inform
him
quite
anew
,
and
then
to
take
off
some
prejudice
or
misconstruction
it
may
before
have
left
on
his
spirit
.
I
have
been
forc'd
to
steer
the
same
course
,
when
I
hapned
to
have
any
Petition
to
present
,
to
obtain
the
provisions
of
some
benefits
for
any
such
person
as
had
deserved
well
,
either
of
the
State
or
the
Embassie
it self
,
because
if
I
reli'd
upon
the
promise
of
the
Cardinal
,
I
commonly
found
my self
deceived
.
He
would
send
me
back
to
the
Cardinal
Dater
that
Signs
such
Writings
,
assuring
me
,
that
the
Pope
referred
himself
wholly
in
matters
of
Collation
of
Benefices
to
him
.
So
that
perceiving
it
was
pure
weakness
of
judgment
it
proceeded
from
,
or
the
little
care
he
took
to
do
me
any
courtesie
,
I
never
afterwards
made
any
great
account
of
his
mediation
;
when
I
had
occasion
to
treat
of
any
thing
that
required
dispatch
:
because
this
Cardinal
,
who
is
called
the
Master
,
does
exercise
his
Mastership
more
in
spending
his
time
merily
,
and
avoiding
the
most
he
can
all
troublesome
affairs
that
disturb
his
mind
,
than
in
rendring
himself
considerable
,
as
he
might
be
,
in
an
employment
that
gives
him
the
greatest
authority
.
This
Cardinal
does
not
show
any
great
desire
of
heaping
up
riches
,
because
,
perhaps
,
having
no
Nephews
issued
from
Brothers
,
and
finding
his
Branch
ends
in
him
,
he
little
cares
to
acquire
much
Treasure
to
enrich
the
Descendants
of
his
Cousin
Don
Augustin
,
on
whom
otherwise
all
the
advantages
that
Fortune
can
bestow
on
a
Man
,
will
fall
.
In
things
indifferent
this
Cardinal
hath
ever
treated
me
very
civilly
,
and
hath
shewed
me
a
particular
affection
;
and
truly
I
believe
,
if
he
had
but
more
courage
to
undergo
the
part
he
acts
,
by
his
means
,
one
might
receive
greater
favours
of
his
Holiness
,
than
those
which
now
come
from
him
ordinarily
but
by
little
and
little
.
He
shows
,
that
he
is
vers'd
in
our
History
,
for
he
relates
from
time
to
time
our
happy
success
,
and
he
says
freely
,
that
Italy
would
be
very
unhappy
,
had
she
not
had
this
Republique
for
a
Bulwark
,
which
hath
bounded
the
ambition
of
Strangers
,
and
repelled
the
rage
and
incroachments
of
Barbarians
.
When
I
took
leave
of
his
Excellence
,
I
could
not
desire
greater
expressions
of
his
affection
than
those
he
used
,
accompanying
them
with
protestations
,
that
he
would
pass
the
bounds
his
Holiness
had
prescribed
him
,
to
give
all
kind
of
satisfaction
to
your
Excellencies
in
the
matters
then
in
hand
.
These
are
his
own
words
,
It
is
not
reasonable
that
the
discontent
for
particular
affairs
should
cause
a
prejudice
to
that
which
concerns
the
General
,
which
is
,
to
maintain
the
Grandeur
of
that
State
inseparable
with
the
splendor
of
Italy
.
The
Lord
Don
Mario
hath
no
other
Son
than
this
Cardinal
,
but
he
hath
besides
two
Daughters
,
married
at
Siena
in
noble
Families
,
that
have
but
moderate
Fortunes
,
proportionate
to
the
condition
of
the
Family
of
the
Chigi
,
in
the
time
they
were
married
:
and
these
are
they
that
showed
themselves
not
long
since
at
Rome
,
where
they
were
exceeding
well
receiv'd
and
carress'd
by
their
Father
and
their
Mother
,
and
the
Cardinal
Chigi
:
but
they
were
not
received
with
so
many
tokens
of
affection
by
Don
Augustin
,
for
the
reasons
that
I
shall
declare
:
I
cannot
certainly
tell
,
whether
they
obtained
a
competency
from
the
Pope
to
maintain
them
in
the
condition
they
are
in
,
because
things
were
carried
with
a
great
deal
of
circumspection
in
not
making
known
what
was
done
,
for
fear
the
Court
should
think
that
the
Pope
wasted
the
Demesns
of
St.
Peter
,
to
put
his
kindreds
Wives
in
a
handsome
condition
;
and
for
fear
likewise
of
giving
some
cause
of
jealousie
to
Don
Augustin
,
who
expecting
hereafter
to
be
Chief
of
the
Family
,
could
not
but
with
trouble
behold
so
many
others
,
that
were
not
of
the
Pope's
Masculine
Line
,
thus
gratifi'd
or
enrich'd
:
It
is
certain
however
,
that
the
Lord
Don
Mario
and
his
Wife
,
did
not
let
them
return
empty
handed
,
but
gave
them
a
share
of
what
they
had
stored
up
,
and
do
endeavour
to
encrease
with
so
much
Art
and
Industry
.
But
let
us
proceed
to
the
other
Branch
descended
,
as
I
said
,
from
Augustin
Chigi
,
which
consists
of
two
Lords
,
Don
Augustin
and
Sigismond
.
As
for
the
first
,
who
may
be
about
24
years
of
age
,
he
is
naturally
merry
,
very
pleasing
and
amiable
.
He
never
appli'd
himself
at
all
to
study
,
but
in
those
Exercises
as
befits
a
Gentleman
.
He
loves
to
pass
his
time
as
well
as
any
man
,
and
cares
very
little
to
heap
up
any
thing
,
because
he
knows
there
are
those
that
do
it
for
him
:
As
soon
as
ever
he
came
to
Rome
,
they
thought
of
providing
a
Wife
for
him
,
and
cast
their
eyes
upon
the
best
Match
in
the
whole
Court
,
to
wit
,
the
Grand-daughter
of
the
Prince
Mark
Antony
Borghese
.
But
they
could
not
bring
it
to
pass
with
that
facility
they
imagin'd
,
because
the
Prince
,
being
a
man
that
was
very
wary
,
especially
when
it
concerned
the
interest
of
his
Family
,
scoffed
at
the
Proposition
,
saying
,
That
he
should
take
that
Alliance
for
a
very
great
honor
,
but
first
desired
to
see
Don
Augustin
have
greater
wealth
and
dignity
,
that
so
his
Granchild
might
at
least
be
able
to
keep
a
rank
suitable
to
her
quality
and
merits
.
These
excuses
the
Prince
made
were
not
very
pleasing
to
the
Pope
,
who
at
the
first
word
would
have
had
him
made
more
account
of
his
Alliance
than
any
other
consideration
whatsoever
.
For
this
cause
the
business
hung
a
long
while
in
suspence
,
but
still
with
repeated
applications
of
Love
and
Courtship
from
the
Lord
Don
Augustin
,
who
follow'd
it
with
the
more
heat
,
as
having
the
Constable
Colonnes
for
his
Rival
,
a
young
man
of
most
excellent
qualities
,
and
towards
whom
the
Princess
seemed
to
have
a
greater
inclination
than
for
himself
.
But
the
Prince
Borghese's
death
hapning
thereupon
,
and
the
Tutelage
falling
to
the
Princess
her
Grand-mother
,
in
a
few
days
,
by
the
mediation
of
the
Princess
Rossano
her
mother
,
this
Match
was
concluded
,
considerable
for
her
great
Dowry
,
which
was
one
hundred
and
fourscore
thousand
Crowns
,
besides
what
might
hereafter
fall
to
her
by
succession
,
the
House
of
the
Borgheses
having
but
one
more
Heir
,
a
young
Lord
of
a
somewhat
melanchollique
constitution
,
who
nevertheless
about
the
same
time
,
out
of
divers
good
considerations
,
would
needs
wed
another
young
Lady
,
having
more
regard
to
her
Beauty
and
Virtue
,
than
her
Riches
.
Don
Augustin
,
as
well
as
his
Holiness
,
thought
,
by
the
contrivance
of
this
Match
,
which
was
celebrated
with
all
the
Pomp
imaginable
,
that
they
had
established
the
happiness
of
their
Family
on
the
best
foundation
that
could
be
;
In
effect
,
the
Lady
being
an
extra●●dinary
Beauty
,
and
brought
up
under
the
Discipline
of
her
Grand-mother
,
a
very
Religious
person
,
there
could
be
nothing
more
desired
upon
that
account
;
and
he
hath
already
begun
to
taste
the
fruits
of
it
,
the
Princess
having
given
him
the
marks
of
her
fertility
by
the
birth
of
a
young
Daughter
she
hath
brought
him
.
This
does
not
,
however
,
hinder
Don
Augustin
from
diverting
himself
elsewhere
according
as
his
temper
and
fancy
leads
him
,
and
his
great
inclination
to
pleasure
,
when
it
comes
in
his
thoughts
.
This
fulness
of
all
content
making
him
forget
his
first
condition
,
hath
so
puff'd
him
up
with
pride
,
that
he
seems
to
take
no
notice
of
those
who
passing
by
salute
him
in
the
streets
:
which
likewise
makes
him
not
so
much
beloved
as
his
other
fairer
qualities
deserve
.
Nay
,
it
is
not
long
since
he
made
shew
of
the
little
respect
or
regard
he
had
for
persons
of
great
condition
;
for
having
taken
some
distaste
at
the
placing
or
fitting
of
the
Constable
Colonnes
,
he
appointed
the
Cavalier
de
la
Ciaja
his
Uncle
to
do
a
very
disobliging
act
,
by
thrusting
the
Constable
out
of
his
place
at
a
Comedy
,
whereat
the
Colonnes
being
offended
,
the
Pope
was
extreme
angry
,
and
would
have
it
taken
up
by
any
means
whatever
;
as
it
was
afterwards
done
,
but
in
the
name
of
the
Cavalier
,
who
was
but
an
instrument
in
that
actions
but
this
insulting
left
a
great
deal
of
discontent
on
the
spirits
of
the
Colonnes
against
Don
Augustin
,
who
was
the
principal
author
of
it
.
A
while
after
his
Nuptials
,
he
purchased
in
the
Province
of
the
Patrimony
,
for
seventy
thousand
Crowns
,
the
Principality
of
Farnese
,
which
is
said
to
be
a
Fief
of
the
Empire
of
four
thousand
Crowns
Revenue
.
He
hath
also
purchased
a
considerable
Palace
for
his
Family
:
but
besides
these
,
he
purchases
little
,
living
at
vast
expences
,
but
upon
hopes
that
the
Pope's
long
life
will
furnish
him
with
ways
enough
to
enrich
and
raise
his
Family
to
as
brave
a
heighth
as
the
greatest
of
the
preceding
Popes
.
I
have
had
divers
occasions
to
speak
with
him
of
his
Marriage
and
other
affairs
;
and
he
hath
ever
given
me
testimony
of
a
great
esteem
and
particular
affection
,
which
proceeded
,
as
he
told
me
,
from
the
Pope's
good-will
,
from
whom
I
truly
never
heard
any
thing
,
but
what
was
much
in
praise
of
this
Serene
Republique
.
I
have
observed
likewise
,
that
the
Princess
his
Wife
,
though
she
were
but
a
Novice
in
the
way
of
treating
the
Ministers
of
Princes
,
hath
now
informed
her self
so
far
,
as
to
let
them
know
what
satisfaction
she
receives
by
the
devoirs
they
render
her
,
and
how
much
she
is
obliged
to
their
civility
.
It
remains
now
to
speak
of
Don
Sigismond
,
who
arrived
at
Rome
but
a
few
weeks
before
my
departure
.
He
is
a
Youth
of
twelve
years
of
age
,
and
seems
to
have
much
of
his
Brother's
way
,
and
,
forasmuch
as
can
be
noted
in
him
at
present
,
is
very
fair
condition'd
,
and
of
so
much
judgment
,
as
promises
he
will
in
time
prove
somewhat
.
As
soon
as
ever
he
came
,
the
Pope
delighted
to
reason
with
him
sometimes
,
thereby
to
discover
his
vivacity
;
and
was
ever
well
satisfi'd
.
Don
Augustine
will
do
all
he
can
to
have
him
made
Cardinal
.
But
if
the
Pope
follows
his
own
Maxims
,
he
should
not
favour
him
therein
,
having
affirmed
it
a
horrid
thing
to
behold
such
Under-Branches
in
the
Sacred
Colledge
.
However
,
we
may
believe
there
is
nothing
but
he
may
do
,
since
he
hath
already
begun
to
exceed
all
that
he
at
first
propounded
to
have
done
.
In
the
interim
,
this
little
Nephew
hath
already
several
Pensions
,
and
if
the
Pope
survive
his
Infancy
,
it
may
then
be
easier
to
obtain
a
Cardinals
Hat
for
him
.
There
are
two
Nephews
by
the
Pope's
Sister
,
who
married
into
the
Family
of
the
Bichi
;
the
one
is
he
that
was
made
Cardinal
at
the
last
promotion
with
the
Father
Sforza
Pallavicino
,
and
the
other
is
the
Prior
,
who
having
resided
somewhile
near
your
Excellencies
,
in
quality
of
Receiver
for
the
Religion
of
Malta
,
and
having
likewise
been
three
times
with
the
Squadron
of
the
Popes
Gallies
at
Candia
,
in
quality
of
Lieutenant
General
,
hath
made
himself
fully
acquainted
to
your
Excellencies
.
As
touching
the
first
,
I
have
no
great
matter
to
say
of
him
,
for
having
not
been
long
at
Rome
,
I
could
not
perfectly
know
him
:
It
is
said
,
however
,
that
he
would
have
been
a
better
Bishop
than
a
Cardinal
;
for
he
hath
made
it
appear
that
he
can
govern
a
Church
well
,
which
is
that
of
Osime
,
where
he
is
Prelate
,
but
he
hath
not
yet
shown
that
he
hath
the
Talent
to
go
thorough
any
great
affairs
;
nor
did
I
trouble
my self
with
any
further
information
.
I
did
reverence
him
as
I
ought
,
when
occasion
profer'd
to
complement
him
,
and
I
also
took
my
leave
of
him
at
parting
,
very
well
satisfi'd
with
the
manner
of
his
reception
,
and
the
sentiments
he
hath
for
this
Republique
.
But
as
for
the
Prior
,
whom
common
Fame
commends
as
a
man
of
great
merits
,
he
never
made
me
so
happy
as
to
know
wherein
that
Virtue
consists
,
since
it
is
restrained
within
a
perfect
obedience
to
those
that
can
do
him
good
,
or
raise
him
to
some
degrees
higher
than
he
yet
stands
;
for
he
is
observed
to
make
such
profound
reverences
to
the
Pope's
Nephews
,
that
the
lowest
of
their
servants
would
not
perhaps
do
the
like
.
But
as
for
his
knowledge
in
commanding
at
Sea
,
and
taking
his
advantages
either
to
attaque
,
or
hotly
pursue
an
Enemy
,
or
in
distributing
the
publick
Treasure
ordained
to
that
end
,
I
shall
not
need
to
waste
time
in
relating
it
to
your
Excellencies
,
since
it
was
your selves
informed
me
how
little
benefit
had
been
reaped
by
the
Popes
Galleys
in
these
parts
,
when
commanded
by
this
Cavalier
.
It
is
certain
,
that
the
last
year
there
was
a
great
deal
of
Treasure
put
into
his
hands
,
and
it
is
as
certain
by
the
accounts
that
have
been
calculated
without
his
knowledge
,
he
cannot
have
expended
the
one
half
.
But
there
are
none
so
confident
as
to
advertize
the
Pope
of
these
misdemeanors
,
because
he
having
so
good
an
opinion
of
him
,
would
think
it
all
to
be
onely
spleene
and
envy
that
could
be
alledged
against
him
:
and
therefore
you
commanded
me
very
prudently
to
abstain
from
all
complaints
,
for
fear
of
withdrawing
the
Pope's
good
will
and
forwardness
in
pursuing
the
succour
you
demanded
of
him
,
which
,
though
it
were
not
dispiseable
,
became
so
notwithstanding
,
by
a
not
executing
of
the
Pope's
true
intentions
therein
.
Which
made
me
(
though
the
Cardinal
Chigi
perceived
somewhat
of
these
miscarriages
,
to
whom
I
might
have
opened
my self
with
much
freedom
and
assurance
,
and
neither
Pope
nor
Prior
should
have
known
what
I
said
,
that
Cardinal
having
so
little
inclination
for
him
)
obey
your
Lordships
most
punctually
in
what
you
commanded
.
But
the
common
complaints
having
no●
been
kept
so
close
,
but
they
came
to
that
Cardinal's
ear
;
he
one
day
,
perhaps
to
oblige
me
to
speak
,
told
me
,
That
he
admired
that
the
Prior
,
who
so
much
desired
to
gain
honor
and
renown
,
bad
not
made
some
enterprize
of
himself
,
since
he
found
it
unfit
to
undertake
any
joyntly
with
others
:
But
lifting
up
my
shoulders
,
I
onely
said
,
That
it
might
be
,
the
bad
fortune
of
the
Republique
hindred
such
men
,
though
very
skilful
in
the
Art
of
War
,
and
valiant
,
from
showing
any
marks
of
their
great
courage
;
The
Cardinal
perceiving
he
could
get
nothing
else
out
of
me
,
said
smiling
,
That
the
Prior
had
had
the
good
luck
to
be
prized
more
than
he
diserved
,
but
yet
was
unhappy
in
not
being
able
to
maintain
that
good
opinion
had
been
conceived
of
him
.
The
two
Branches
of
the
House
of
the
Chigi
,
who
otherwise
do
not
agree
very
well
,
united
together
to
hinder
his
being
made
a
Cardinal
,
and
it
seemed
to
them
they
had
done
much
in
obtaining
their
ends
herein
,
they
judging
the
Prior
to
be
a
man
of
a
great
wit
,
and
one
who
,
as
soon
as
he
could
have
had
the
power
to
have
spoken
freely
,
would
have
made
a
division
in
their
House
;
they
have
more
acquaintance
with
him
than
my self
,
and
by
consequence
may
know
him
better
.
As
for
my
own
part
,
I
never
could
find
any
eminent
virtue
in
him
,
nor
do
I
believe
,
he
deserves
to
rise
to
any
great
honor
,
to
which
he
pretends
to
mount
by
his
dissembling
humour
.
There
is
not
among
so
few
kindred
as
have
command
,
and
who
are
in
a
direct
line
,
so
great
concord
as
there
ought
to
be
,
and
this
proceeds
from
a
vain
spirit
which
makes
every
one
of
them
aspire
to
rule
.
The
Lord
D.
Mario
pretended
,
that
he
,
as
the
most
antient
,
and
next
to
him
,
his
Son
at
this
time
a
Cardinal
,
ought
to
be
head
of
the
Family
,
and
that
by
right
it
belonged
to
him
to
encrease
their
number
by
marriage
.
But
the
Pope
,
who
had
a
greater
affection
for
his
disceased
Brother
,
than
for
him
that
is
living
,
was
of
another
mind
,
and
from
hence
arose
the
ill-will
that
hath
still
encreased
amongst
them
.
The
Pope
never
did
any
good
to
any
of
D.
Mario's
Family
,
but
D.
Augustin
interpreted
it
partiality
.
He
said
,
It
appeared
to
Cardinal
Chigi
but
a
small
matter
to
have
the
quality
of
Patron
,
and
the
supreme
Superintendence
of
the
greatest
affairs
,
unless
they
allowed
him
together
with
this
the
Authority
of
granting
all
Acts
of
Grace
as
he
pleased
.
He
added
,
That
it
was
little
benefit
to
him
to
be
the
Son
of
a
Father
,
who
with
his
purse
had
raised
the
Pope
to
that
heighth
of
honor
,
if
now
,
whilst
he
was
in
possession
,
he
might
nor
receive
the
profits
and
rewards
deserved
for
his
Father's
former
readiness
▪
and
liberality
.
What
will
become
,
said
he
,
of
the
heaps
or
of
mony
D.
Mario
gathers
up
,
unless
to
enrich
the
Houses
of
Strangers
?
meaning
his
Daughters
who
were
married
at
Siena
,
leaving
those
naked
and
unfurnished
which
are
of
the
blood
of
the
Chigi
,
who
ought
still
to
abound
in
goods
and
riches
.
To
which
the
Cardinal
Chigi
repli'd
,
That
the
Authority
and
Superintendence
they
had
given
him
stood
him
in
no
stead
,
but
to
trouble
his
brain
,
for
which
he
had
a
very
great
aversion
;
whereas
they
had
left
to
the
other
the
enjoyment
of
all
the
delights
and
applause
of
the
Court
:
That
D.
Augustin
tasted
more
content
in
the
freedom
he
lived
in
,
being
disingag'd
of
the
management
of
all
publick
affairs
,
than
himself
could
meet
with
amidst
all
that
power
and
authority
they
had
invested
him
withall
:
And
thus
neither
of
them
,
because
of
these
contentious
pretences
,
which
though
but
whispered
,
are
apparent
and
known
to
all
,
do
enjoy
that
entire
satisfaction
they
might
,
were
their
minds
but
united
,
and
they
contented
with
those
degrees
of
eminent
Dignities
which
Fortune
hath
lifted
them
too
.
The
Pope
knows
nothing
of
all
this
,
they
fearing
very
much
to
give
him
any
cause
of
displeasure
;
and
from
this
consideration
his
Holiness
does
sometimes
confer
favours
upon
the
one
,
sometimes
upon
the
other
,
thereby
to
keep
them
from
all
kinde
of
jealousie
.
He
permitted
D.
Mario
to
let
his
Daughters
and
their
Husbands
come
to
Rome
,
and
would
have
them
there
attended
and
served
as
became
those
of
his
own
blood
.
He
consented
that
D.
Augustin
should
send
for
his
little
Brother
to
abide
with
him
;
but
neither
of
them
will
remain
contented
when
their
Authority
ceases
,
which
disquiets
them
far
more
than
a
necessary
servitude
would
do
.
The
Pope
hath
now
at
Siena
,
as
I
have
already
said
,
many
others
of
his
kindred
,
who
are
not
considered
much
as
yet
,
because
they
are
of
more
remote
degrees
.
They
may
,
after
the
others
are
sufficiently
inriched
,
hope
for
some
good
from
his
Holiness
,
if
he
continue
long
alive
,
he
being
naturally
much
inclined
to
favour
those
of
his
own
Country
,
by
employments
proportionate
to
the
abilities
of
his
fellow-Citizens
:
there
are
already
some
that
have
principal
Offices
at
Court
,
who
are
design'd
for
Cardinals
,
and
there
are
other
places
reserved
for
others
,
when
an
occasion
presents
:
To
which
nothing
can
be
said
,
but
the
Pope
deserves
a
great
deal
of
praise
,
in
that
he
forgets
not
to
do
well
for
his
own
Country
,
to
which
,
next
to
God
,
we
owe
our selves
;
and
in
that
he
does
not
imitate
the
pride
of
such
,
who
being
once
absent
loose
the
very
remembrance
of
it
,
and
never
take
the
least
care
for
any
one
that
had
a
being
there
.
But
forasmuch
as
the
Ministry
of
the
Pope's
kindred
serves
onely
for
splendor
and
state
,
and
not
in
any
thing
essential
;
and
that
in
pressing
and
weighty
affairs
it
is
requisite
he
be
fortifi'd
with
the
assistance
of
such
as
have
a
clear
insight
into
the
management
of
great
Negotiations
,
from
whom
,
upon
occasion
,
prudent
and
solid
councel
may
be
taken
.
I
have
esteem'd
it
fit
to
joyn
,
to
the
Po●traict
I
have
made
of
his
Holiness
kindred
,
a
Character
of
those
who
are
made
use
of
,
in
the
most
important
interests
of
the
Popedome
,
and
such
on
whose
will
depends
most
commonly
the
resolution
of
what
is
of
the
greatest
consequence
.
THe
first
that
presents
,
is
the
Cardinal
Rospigliosi
,
born
at
Pistio●e
,
who
is
Secretary
of
State
;
One
cannot
speak
so
well
of
him
,
but
he
will
deserve
more
,
nor
can
I
think
there
could
be
found
a
man
worthier
of
that
Office
,
and
the
Pope
,
who
knows
him
well
,
hath
often
said
,
that
he
had
found
a
Secretary
according
to
his
own
heart
.
He
hath
a
great
deal
of
judgment
,
and
is
sincere
and
disingag'd
from
all
interests
;
He
is
not
obstinate
in
his
opinions
;
when
he
hath
deliver'd
them
,
he
takes
pleasure
in
having
them
moderated
and
censured
;
according
as
the
service
of
his
Master
does
require
;
He
is
indifferent
in
his
sentiments
,
and
although
it
be
the
common
belief
,
that
having
been
Nuncio
in
Spain
,
where
he
became
extremely
beloved
of
the
King
and
Court
,
he
might
bias
that
way
,
and
cherish
some
inclinations
for
the
advantage
of
that
Crown
;
yet
it
is
false
,
because
in
my
time
there
were
some
troubles
in
that
Court
,
which
might
have
been
appeased
by
the
Mediation
of
a
Minister
so
much
in
credit
;
but
the
more
they
believed
he
took
the
Spaniards
part
,
the
more
he
abstained
from
medling
with
their
interests
.
He
did
all
he
was
able
not
to
give
audience
,
not
desiring
any
other
employment
than
his
own
charge
,
to
which
he
applies
himself
with
all
the
exactness
possible
,
carrying
every
night
to
his
Holiness
all
his
affairs
digested
,
and
taking
himself
the
pains
to
examine
the
Letters
,
which
relate
to
any
interest
that
may
be
any
way
considerable
.
I
can
say
,
that
he
never
seemed
to
be
displeased
or
unwilling
to
hear
me
speak
;
But
it
is
true
,
that
I
had
a
care
never
to
demand
audience
of
him
,
but
in
pressing
and
earnest
occasions
,
and
always
had
the
satisfaction
that
could
be
expected
from
a
Minister
,
obliged
to
swerve
the
least
that
possibly
could
be
from
the
will
of
his
Prince
.
Now
this
ought
to
be
the
more
considered
,
because
if
the
Holy
Chair
should
happen
to
become
vacant
at
this
time
,
I
esteem
his
hopes
very
well
grounded
,
having
the
Spaniards
and
the
Great
Duke
on
his
side
,
and
probably
too
the
Heads
of
the
Factions
that
would
predominate
in
the
Conclave
,
that
is
to
say
,
Barberino
,
who
in
Urban's
time
first
moved
the
wheel
of
his
fortune
,
and
Chigi
who
cherishes
him
most
,
as
being
his
Creature
.
The
second
is
the
Cardinal
Pallavicino
,
of
whom
the
Popes
make
great
esteem
,
as
well
for
the
reasons
I
pointed
out
before
,
as
because
of
the
very
good
opinion
he
hath
of
him
,
holding
it
for
certain
,
that
he
would
never
give
him
any
counsel
,
which
were
not
good
and
advantagious
for
the
Church
.
To
tell
the
truth
,
he
is
a
man
that
hath
very
good
intentions
,
and
knows
much
,
but
he
fails
in
what
all
those
ordinarily
do
,
that
have
devoted
themselves
to
a
solitary
life
,
and
who
profess
a
different
way
of
living
from
those
of
the
world
,
being
extremely
obstinate
in
their
opinions
.
I
have
discoursed
with
him
on
several
occasions
,
even
when
he
was
a
Jesuit
:
and
although
for
the
interest
of
his
order
,
which
is
now
received
into
the
favour
of
your
most
serene
Republique
,
he
seemed
extremely
desirous
to
do
me
some
pleasure
,
yet
I
never
could
truly
obtain
any
thing
from
him
.
He
hath
a
thousand
excuses
to
defeat
one
of
those
good
offices
he
might
do
.
Since
he
was
made
a
Cardinal
,
though
it
were
expected
one
might
hope
for
somewhat
more
,
yet
I
have
found
him
standing
upon
his
guard
more
than
ever
,
pleading
the
pretence
of
some
command
the
Pope
had
laid
on
him
not
to
intermeddle
in
any
affair
that
were
not
agreeable
to
him
.
In
a
word
,
I
am
not
satisfi'd
with
him
,
although
he
often
mention
the
deserts
of
his
Ancestors
from
this
Republique
,
and
the
obligations
,
which
those
of
his
Order
do
in
particular
owe
unto
him
.
The
Pope
refers
much
to
him
in
matters
of
Theology
and
Conscience
,
and
confers
with
him
,
too
,
about
those
of
State
,
but
rather
to
know
than
to
follow
his
advice
,
because
most
times
he
looks
upon
things
according
to
the
rigour
of
the
Ecclesiastical
Laws
.
The
Spanish
Ambassadour
was
not
very
well
pleased
with
him
,
who
when
all
the
other
Cardinals
had
been
to
visit
his
Wife
,
he
would
not
,
upon
a
pretence
,
that
although
he
had
changed
the
habit
of
his
Order
,
yet
he
hath
not
changed
the
Rules
,
which
prohibits
them
to
be
amongst
Women
but
in
cases
of
great
necessity
.
This
kind
of
behaviour
,
which
is
an
affected
singularity
,
renders
him
odious
to
a
great
many
people
.
He
did
not
oblige
your
Lordships
,
when
he
put
forth
his
History
in
answer
of
the
Book
of
the
deceased
Padre
Paul
of
the
Order
of
Servants
,
wherein
speaking
too
freely
of
a
Minister
whom
you
have
so
much
cherished
,
he
gave
you
cause
to
oppose
him
,
as
you
did
at
the
publication
of
that
History
,
of
which
having
said
something
to
me
by
way
of
excuse
,
I
presently
shifted
the
discourse
,
that
I
might
not
be
obliged
to
enter
upon
such
tetchy
subjects
,
upon
which
if
we
had
proceeded
,
he
might
have
alledged
many
Metaphysical
distinctions
,
which
it
is
not
my
profession
to
answer
;
but
had
he
treated
of
that
business
in
a
way
more
suitable
to
that
subject
,
I
am
confident
I
should
have
been
too
hard
for
him
,
and
put
him
at
a
stand
.
In
divers
things
the
Pope
makes
use
of
the
Cardinal
Corrado
,
a
Ferrarian
,
and
principally
in
those
differences
which
Secular
Princes
have
concerning
Ecclesiastical
matters
,
wherein
his
Holiness
is
but
ill
served
,
for
that
Cardinal
is
a
pure
Legist
▪
that
hath
no
knowledge
in
the
affairs
of
the
world
,
who
alleages
a
decisive
Text
on
any
matter
in
question
,
without
any
regard
to
the
decency
or
respect
is
to
be
had
towards
a
State
,
or
any
moderate
interpretation
where
required
;
for
he
never
makes
any
account
of
this
certain
Maxim
,
Summum
jus
summa
injuria
.
This
man
hath
,
and
does
continually
give
distaste
to
the
Cardinals
and
other
Ministers
of
Princes
,
because
he
keeps
himself
still
to
the
rigour
of
the
Canons
,
and
will
distribute
the
Benefices
according
to
his
own
fancy
,
and
always
upon
pretence
that
it
is
the
Pope's
will
,
which
he
turns
as
himself
pleases
under
a
fair
appearance
of
Sanctity
.
But
the
disgusts
he
practises
,
and
is
accustomed
to
put
upon
all
the
world
,
does
more
hurt
to
himself
than
to
any
one
else
,
for
having
been
so
unadvised
as
to
discover
his
base
humor
,
it
hath
drawn
the
hatred
of
all
upon
him
:
So
that
for
the
Chair
there
is
nothing
to
be
expected
on
his
part
.
I
never
had
but
little
satisfaction
from
him
.
And
indeed
,
since
I
began
to
know
his
defects
,
I
never
took
the
pains
to
do
him
any
courtesie
that
might
acquire
his
favour
,
those
kind
of
persons
thinking
they
do
in
same
manner
sacrifice
themselves
,
whensoever
they
do
but
in
the
least
act
against
their
own
opinions
to
do
〈…〉
man
a
little
pleasure
.
I
must
also
bring
into
this
number
Signior
Bandinelli
,
of
Siena
great
Master
of
the
Apostolique
Palace
,
an
old
Courtier
,
refined
in
the
Great
Duke's
Court
,
from
whence
the
Pope
called
him
,
and
took
him
to
his
own
service
,
knowing
the
noble
manner
of
his
acting
.
He
is
not
a
man
of
a
very
profound
knowledge
,
but
of
great
experience
;
which
makes
the
Pope
take
great
delight
in
conferring
with
him
,
who
is
ordinarily
well
satisfi'd
with
his
advice
.
Amongst
other
qualities
that
makes
him
considerable
,
there
is
one
that
is
a
very
particular
,
which
is
,
that
he
is
descended
from
Alexander
III
,
who
having
been
forced
to
she
,
and
quit
his
ordinary
abode
,
made
his
retreat
in
this
Republique
,
who
received
him
in
their
bosome
,
and
gave
him
their
protection
,
which
he
made
use
of
to
repress
the
audaciousness
of
the
Emperor
Frederick
,
that
persecuted
him
.
He
glories
more
in
this
,
than
in
any
thing
besides
,
and
hath
a
particular
veneration
for
the
merits
of
your
Serene
Lordships
.
There
is
no
one
more
certain
of
a
Cardinal's
Hat
than
he
.
It
is
due
to
him
,
for
having
quitted
his
own
Country
,
where
he
was
very
much
in
favour
,
to
go
to
Rome
.
When
he
hath
a
Cardinal's
Hat
,
the
whole
Court
,
who
already
believe
he
deserves
the
suprem●st
degree
,
will
be
ravish'd
for
joy
.
Signior
Fagnano
,
of
the
State
of
Urbin
,
a
Prelate
well
known
at
Court
for
his
being
blind
,
but
much
more
for
being
so
clear
sighted
in
the
Superintendence
,
which
the
Pope
hath
given
him
over
the
affairs
of
the
Regulars
,
deserves
that
I
should
make
mention
of
him
in
this
Treatise
,
because
thorow
his
means
,
I
have
sometimes
made
an
end
of
a
difficult
business
,
which
otherwise
I
should
scarce
have
overcome
.
This
Prelate
hath
a
great
deal
of
affection
for
this
Serene
Republique
,
as
having
been
the
first
that
found
out
the
invention
to
draw
mony
from
the
suppression
of
the
unprofitable
Religious
Orders
,
as
also
from
the
Scandalous
;
so
is
he
likewise
still
of
opinion
,
that
since
the
same
necessity
still
remains
,
they
should
make
use
of
the
same
means
of
supply
,
there
being
possibility
and
reason
enough
to
continue
it
.
But
that
design
having
been
interrupted
by
certain
zealous
persons
,
upon
some
other
pretexts
which
they
found
out
;
he
endeavoured
to
seek
out
some
other
projects
to
assist
your
Serene
Lordships
therein
.
And
truly
he
might
have
found
out
something
effectual
,
did
they
as
well
see
the
dangers
at
Rome
,
as
they
do
in
these
places
that
are
so
near
bordering
unto
it
.
However
,
I
did
not
omit
to
give
this
Prelate
many
thanks
for
his
great
goodwill
,
and
I
believe
it
will
be
very
fit
that
you
should
return
him
thanks
likewise
:
I
think
also
,
that
his
Excellency
Sagredi
,
who
carries
several
Curiosities
to
present
to
the
Pope's
Family
,
should
bestow
some
part
of
them
on
the
good
man
,
who
hath
,
and
may
yet
render
upon
all
occasions
,
all
those
good
Offices
which
can
be
expected
from
the
confidence
his
Holiness
puts
in
his
advice
,
and
the
great
credit
he
gives
him
.
The
Father
Virgilio
Spada
,
one
of
the
Order
of
the
Congregation
of
St.
Philip
Neri
,
and
Brother
to
the
old
Cardinal
Spada
,
hath
some
power
with
the
Pope
;
and
upon
this
perswasion
I
have
sometimes
endeavoured
to
get
him
to
serve
me
upon
occasion
,
but
I
found
him
armed
with
a
thousand
excuses
to
evade
doing
me
any
good
:
whereat
I
did
not
afterwards
very
much
wonder
,
knowing
he
onely
sought
the
advantage
of
his
Family
,
being
very
greedy
after
his
own
interest
,
and
more
ready
to
put
the
Pope
in
mind
of
filling
his
own
purse
,
than
seeking
any
largess
for
others
:
This
made
me
forbear
to
solicite
him
,
guessing
the
little
profit
that
was
like
to
redound
,
to
make
trial
of
other
ways
which
your
Lordships
are
not
unacquainted
withal
,
although
they
all
proved
fruitless
,
and
too
weak
,
when
it
concerned
his
Holiness
to
disburse
any
monies
,
which
is
not
kept
closer
in
his
own
Coff5ers
,
than
it
is
by
all
the
Court
Prelates
,
who
think
to
gain
credit
and
repute
from
his
Holiness
,
by
exhorting
him
to
preserve
that
Metall
,
which
above
all
things
makes
the
Ecclesiastical
Principality
be
highly
esteem'd
,
as
if
it
were
not
rather
the
Dignity
and
Sanctity
of
the
Sovereign
Priesthood
that
render'd
the
Papacy
Maje●tick
,
than
the
reputation
of
having
great
riches
.
But
we
need
not
doubt
but
their
abuses
being
ar●ived
to
the
heighth
we
find
them
,
the
Ecclesiastick
Authority
would
be
very
weak
and
languishing
,
were
〈◇〉
not
sustained
by
a
Temporal
Power
;
whereas
if
●hose
Priests
would
lay
aside
their
vanity
of
agran●●zing
themselves
,
and
onely
make
good
their
just
●egrees
and
privilege
,
the
Church
would
soon
be
●●●ed
above
all
other
Powers
whatsoever
.
For
to
●ay
truth
,
Whosoever
beholds
the
Court
of
Rome
sur●assing
in
Magnificence
and
State
,
the
Courts
of
●●l
other
Princes
,
cannot
but
wonder
by
what
means
,
●pon
so
slender
a
foundation
,
and
so
far
from
the
●esign
and
intentions
of
her
first
Founders
,
she
should
have
raised
her self
to
so
proud
a
heighth
.
And
although
every
one
knows
it
proceeded
from
the
Liberality
and
Magnificency
of
Temporal
Princes
,
yet
it
cannot
but
appear
strange
to
see
the
Roman
Church
turn
those
Benefits
,
she
hath
received
from
them
,
against
themselves
to
their
prejudice
;
the
Canonists
and
other
Emissaries
of
that
Court
studying
nothing
more
,
than
how
to
strengthen
and
extend
their
Ecclesiastical
jurisdiction
,
and
abase
and
diminish
the
Secular
,
if
they
possibly
could
.
This
point
,
wherewith
you
have
been
so
often
entertain'd
,
deserves
yet
still
to
be
put
into
your
memories
,
because
without
any
diving
into
the
depths
of
a
profound
Speculation
,
it
may
be
observed
,
that
considering
the
by-ways
the
Popes
do
tread
,
and
withal
reflecting
on
the
sincere
conduct
of
Secular
Princes
,
of
necessity
it
must
follow
,
that
the
Ecclesiastical
Monarchy
will
become
Mistris
of
the
World
,
and
the
Secular
fall
and
become
her
Servant
.
Your
Serene
Signio●y
hath
a
great
deal
of
Piety
,
and
a
particular
Veneration
for
that
Holy
and
Apostolique
Tribunal
;
who
likewise
hath
a
singular
good-will
towards
her
:
but
yet
she
knows
well
how
far
she
ought
to
show
her
veneration
;
and
herein
she
carries
her self
prudently
,
being
very
well
advertised
of
those
things
which
do
insensibly
lead
the
Court
of
Rome
to
enlarge
her
Phylacteries
more
and
more
:
And
this
Note
shall
suffice
by
the
way
.
And
since
we
are
now
upon
the
discourse
of
the
Grandeur
of
the
Court
of
Rome
,
it
will
not
be
amiss
to
show
what
it
is
,
because
as
it
appears
great
by
looking
onely
upon
those
things
which
makes
the
Courts
and
Dwellings
of
other
▪
Princes
considerable
,
yielding
,
in
effect
,
neither
for
number
of
Ministers
or
Officers
to
none
in
Christendome
,
it
will
seem
yet
far
greater
,
by
having
for
Assessors
and
Counsellors
seventy
Kings
,
for
they
give
that
Title
to
the
Cardinals
in
the
Act
of
their
Creations
;
and
therefore
it
is
that
they
are
vested
in
Purple
,
and
are
served
almost
like
Kings
:
and
when
together
with
this
Dignity
they
have
acquired
a
great
Reputation
,
their
Amity
is
sought
by
the
most
puissant
Princes
,
who
by
publick
or
private
Pensions
endeavour
to
make
them
their
friends
,
because
of
the
privilege
they
have
of
Electing
a
Pope
,
and
what
by
consequence
must
follow
thereupon
,
the
Soveraign
Dignity
lights
upon
one
of
themselves
;
and
this
is
in
short
the
cause
of
all
their
arrogancy
,
which
otherwise
is
often
reduced
to
contempt
enough
,
besides
the
vexation
of
not
being
able
to
obtain
any
grace
,
unless
they
be
the
Pope's
Favourits
.
It
may
be
expected
that
a
Pope
,
who
hath
so
excellent
a
judgment
to
discern
how
those
persons
ought
to
be
qualifi'd
that
are
fit
to
be
aggregated
in
that
Sacred
Colledge
,
as
Pope
Alexander
hath
,
should
promote
none
but
persons
worthy
of
his
choice
:
and
,
indeed
,
the
Court
hitherto
hath
no
reason
to
complain
,
since
he
hath
admitted
none
but
such
as
deserved
very
much
,
and
it
is
hoped
it
will
be
so
st●ll
for
the
future
.
Now
,
though
it
would
be
needful
to
make
an
exact
search
and
inquiry
into
the
quality
of
the
present
Cardinals
to
know
them
tho●owly
;
yet
that
your
Lordships
may
have
some
knowledge
of
him
;
that
shall
one
day
be
raised
to
the
Chair
,
I
shall
make
no
difficulty
to
undertake
it
;
and
I
shall
acquit
my self
with
much
brevity
,
because
there
are
many
other
things
to
be
examined
,
which
your
Serene
Lordships
will
be
glad
to
know
.
The
Cardinal
Charls
de
Medices
,
Uncle
to
the
Great
Duke
of
Toscany
,
is
the
Dean
of
the
Sacred
College
.
He
never
shows
himself
at
Rome
but
when
the
Chair
is
vacant
,
he
takes
more
pleasure
at
his
own
home
,
being
free
both
from
clamour
and
expence
.
He
leads
the
Spanish
Faction
,
not
without
a
great
deal
of
hopes
from
the
Great
Duke
,
who
longeth
for
nothing
more
than
to
have
a
Pope
that
may
favour
him
,
because
of
the
troubles
and
traverses
the
Popes
put
him
to
,
who
little
consider
him
.
He
was
not
at
the
Court
whilst
I
was
there
.
But
the
obligeing
humor
of
that
Prince
is
not
unknown
to
your
Lordships
by
other
means
,
as
likewise
the
great
joy
he
ever
expresses
at
the
least
news
of
your
prosperity
.
He
is
a
man
that
speaks
little
,
hath
a
good
wit
,
and
ardently
desires
the
advantages
of
his
Family
:
to
serve
whom
he
rather
suffer'd
a
long
while
in
the
Conclave
,
then
gave
way
to
elect
any
person
that
might
not
be
pleasing
to
the
Great
Duke
.
Francis
Barberino
,
who
in
the
time
of
Urban
and
his
Domination
made
some
escapes
,
being
hurri'd
thereto
rather
by
the
impetuosity
of
his
nature
,
than
out
of
any
evil
intent
,
perceives
at
present
that
it
is
in
vain
to
trouble
the
world
,
having
extremely
prejudic'd
himself
by
discovering
the
violence
of
his
passions
.
He
hath
lost
all
his
ho●es
of
ever
attaining
to
sit
in
the
Holy
Chair
,
which
his
Uncle
Urban
held
,
though
otherwise
both
for
his
knowledge
,
and
the
candour
of
his
mind
,
he
is
worthy
to
be
placed
therein
.
Which
evidently
shows
,
that
innocency
of
life
is
no
sufficient
motive
to
oblige
the
Cardinals
to
chuse
a
Man
for
Pope
,
it
hapning
very
often
,
that
together
with
the
greatest
Sanctity
there
may
be
joyned
some
other
such
defects
,
as
were
able
to
put
the
whole
world
in
a
confusion
.
Nevertheless
Barberino
hath
a
little
recover'd
his
credit
under
Innocent
,
they
having
noted
the
inconveniencies
hapning
in
that
Popes
manner
of
Government
,
which
they
also
found
in
Urban's
time
;
but
with
more
moderation
.
Although
his
Family
inclines
towards
the
French
,
yet
he
hath
ever
shewed
that
he
hath
more
regard
for
the
Spaniard
,
his
humor
suiting
better
with
the
Genius
of
that
Nation
.
As
for
the
affection
he
hath
for
your
Serene
Republique
,
I
cannot
speak
so
fully
of
it
,
but
I
shall
leave
somewhat
untold
.
Spada
de
Bresighele
,
which
is
a
place
in
Romagnia
,
is
a
man
more
considerable
for
his
Virtues
than
his
Birth
,
and
who
for
this
reason
deserves
more
applause
than
he
yet
hath
.
But
it
seems
they
do
not
look
upon
him
with
so
good
an
eye
because
of
the
prosperity
of
his
Family
,
who
are
lately
in
possession
of
much
riches
,
which
some
of
the
oldest
amongst
them
have
acquired
by
their
Farms
and
Marriages
;
and
which
have
also
been
since
multiplied
thorow
the
industry
of
this
same
Cardinal
,
and
the
Father
Virgilio
Spada
his
Brother
,
who
hath
not
been
wanting
in
striving
to
acquire
wealth
,
and
raise
his
House
,
though
he
make
profession
of
a
retired
life
.
This
Cardinal
hath
many
very
good
qualities
besides
,
which
make
him
worthy
of
a
higher
degree
▪
but
that
which
hinders
him
from
rising
,
is
the
envy
many
have
against
him
,
and
the
great
number
of
Ne●vous
he
hath
,
which
are
like
to
be
encreased
by
those
Marriages
they
have
of
late
contracted
.
I
must
add
to
this
the
little
confidence
the
Spaniards
have
in
him
,
who
think
him
a
very
subtile
man
,
and
one
that
hath
a
great
inclination
towards
the
French
.
He
hath
a
high
esteem
for
this
Republique
,
and
hath
as
much
resentment
in
all
her
troubles
and
dangers
as
any
one
whatsoever
.
Sachetti
,
a
Florentine
,
hath
entred
Pope
twice
into
the
past
Conclaves
,
but
still
came
forth
again
Cardinal
,
to
the
great
regret
of
good
people
,
and
such
as
are
acquainted
with
his
virtues
.
The
Spaniards
did
not
murm●r
so
much
against
his
elevation
,
as
the
Florentines
,
who
endeavoured
all
,
they
could
to
thwart
his
Election
,
and
I
believe
●t
now
proceeds
from
no
other
cause
,
but
onely
they
having
been
once
engaged
to
exclude
him
,
imagine
that
he
will
for
ever
resent
the
injury
they
had
done
him
,
although
he
may
have
served
them
much
since
.
Indeed
,
there
are
few
in
the
Colledge
so
worthy
,
if
we
consider
all
his
good
qualities
.
He
hath
made
himself
the
more
fully
known
,
by
that
constancy
wherewith
he
hath
undergone
those
disappointments
,
and
the
sollicitations
he
made
to
Mazarine
,
to
lay
aside
all
those
jealousies
which
might
make
him
oppose
the
exaltation
of
the
Cardinal
Chigi
,
whom
he
esteemed
more
worthy
of
the
Chair
than
any
other
,
in
a
time
wherein
his
own
hopes
were
not
desperate
.
He
keeps
the
same
reputation
still
at
Court
which
he
had
formerly
,
and
if
his
advanced
age
would
let
him
survive
the
present
Pope
,
he
would
ever
have
the
same
applause
as
formerly
.
He
is
commonly
very
indifferent
in
his
affection
to
other
Nations
,
seldome
favouring
one
more
than
another
;
but
I
dare
confidently
say
,
that
he
is
partial
for
your
Republique
.
Ginetti
of
V●l●rye
is
a
Cardinal
,
who
though
he
be
rich
,
and
have
a
great
deal
of
experience
,
yet
does
nothing
that
gains
much
commendations
,
or
that
makes
him
esteemed
worthy
to
be
raised
higher
than
he
now
is
.
There
is
no
other
reason
than
the
poorness
of
his
spirit
appearing
in
all
his
actions
,
and
his
insatiable
desire
to
●n●ich
himself
;
whence
they
draw
this
consequence
,
that
should
he
be
mounted
higher
,
few
should
partake
of
his
Grandeurs
or
Bounty
;
add
hereto
,
that
having
been
one
of
Urban's
greatest
Confidents
and
Creatures
,
he
is
entirely
possessed
with
those
Maxims
which
are
nothing
convenient
for
the
good
of
Christendome
.
He
omitted
nothing
within
his
powe●
to
make
himself
Pope
the
last
times
the
Chair
was
vacant
,
but
although
he
found
some
Cardinals
his
f●iends
,
who
listned
to
him
in
hopes
of
partaking
of
his
favours
,
yet
he
found
no
body
for
him
amongst
the
Princes
,
who
cannot
promise
much
good
to
themselves
from
a
person
so
wedded
to
his
own
interests
,
and
so
little
inclined
to
favour
others
I
know
no
,
indeed
,
what
to
say
of
him
.
He
makes
profession
of
much
devotion
,
but
I
should
hardly
ever
trust
a
man
,
who
besides
his
other
defects
,
hath
the
reputation
of
perfectly
knowing
how
to
dissemble
.
The
Cardinal
Antonio
Barberino
is
a
man
,
who
all
his
life
time
hath
ever
been
even
gentility
and
generosity
it self
.
He
is
engaged
as
much
as
can
be
possible
to
France
,
but
in
such
a
manner
however
,
that
he
does
not
make
himself
odious
to
other
rival
Nations
,
because
he
s●eaks
of
all
the
world
with
a
huge
deal
of
respect
;
and
brings
his
affairs
so
about
,
that
none
can
justly
complain
of
him
.
He
reaps
many
advantages
from
the
Crown
of
France
,
which
nevertheless
does
not
make
him
the
richer
,
but
rather
the
contrary
,
since
he
consumes
more
money
for
them
than
he
receives
,
as
well
in
entertaining
his
friends
perpetually
whilst
he
is
in
France
,
as
in
advancing
the
interests
of
that
Crown
.
And
by
reason
of
the
great
inclination
he
hath
for
that
Country
,
where
they
live
according
to
his
humor
after
a
very
free
manner
,
he
would
rather
make
his
residence
there
than
in
any
part
of
the
world
;
but
it
is
observed
,
that
Mazarin
does
not
look
on
him
with
a
good
eye
,
perhaps
out
of
jealousie
,
because
his
carriage
,
which
is
so
fair
and
pleasing
,
might
be
a
disadvantage
to
him
,
while
he
is
more
than
any
man
alive
in
favour
with
his
King
.
He
was
the
first
who
,
at
the
publication
of
the
Peace
,
manifested
the
good-will
he
hath
for
France
,
and
that
in
such
a
noble
and
splendid
manner
as
was
thought
wo●thy
of
his
generosity
.
The
affection
he
bears
that
Nation
does
not
make
him
,
however
,
forgetful
of
what
is
due
to
the
Princes
of
Italy
,
and
particularly
to
your
Serene
Lordships
,
whose
merits
he
never
mentions
but
with
admiration
.
Colonne
,
a
German
,
is
the
Head
of
his
Family
,
by
the
disposal
of
the
deceased
Don
Pbilip
Colonne
his
Father
,
who
having
cleared
his
debts
by
his
good
husbandry
,
thought
sit
to
recommend
the
direction
thereof
to
that
Son
who
seemed
to
be
most
wary
and
sparing
:
Nor
was
he
deceived
in
his
choice
,
since
this
man
,
considering
his
riches
,
which
are
great
,
especially
if
we
reckon
what
he
hath
from
the
Church
,
is
so
reserved
,
when
any
mony
is
to
go
from
him
,
that
it
is
presumed
,
during
the
long
time
he
hath
managed
their
Estate
,
he
hath
heaped
up
a
very
great
quantity
,
taking
much
delight
in
hoarding
up
continually
,
but
never
expending
any
thing
in
a
superfluous
manner
.
To
which
the
Suits
he
opposed
by
Law
,
which
the
Spaniards
and
Ministers
of
that
State
had
for
a
long
time
maintained
till
his
Fathers
death
,
have
not
a
little
contributed
,
who
thinking
themselves
most
unjustly
deprived
of
those
Honours
pretended
to
by
his
Family
disputed
it
very
obstinately
against
him
,
but
in
the
end
yielded
up
all
his
antient
prerogatives
to
him
,
which
much
augmented
his
Revenues
,
and
hath
gained
him
a
very
great
esteem
.
At
that
time
when
his
Holiness
exhorted
all
those
that
were
rich
,
to
contribute
somewhat
towards
the
assistance
of
your
most
Serene
Republique
,
he
was
the
onely
Cardinal
that
excused
himself
,
alleaging
the
dammage
which
the
Plague
had
done
him
in
his
Estate
:
Nay
,
it
hath
been
propounded
to
him
onely
by
way
of
trial
,
to
give
out
Mony
at
the
highest
Interest
,
as
your
most
Serene
Republique
is
wont
to
allow
,
but
all
was
in
vain
;
although
he
seems
to
glory
in
his
affection
towards
you
,
by
which
profession
he
thinks
he
hath
fully
compleated
his
devoi●e
.
Franciotti
of
I●ca
is
an
honest
man
,
and
of
some
understanding
in
most
affairs
;
but
these
kind
of
honest
people
do
not
succeed
so
well
when
they
have
the
Government
in
hand
They
take
a
licence
in
all
extravagant
opinions
,
and
become
obstinate
and
punctilious
,
not
caring
how
they
trouble
the
world
,
provided
they
can
but
maintain
their
own
fancies
.
This
man
imagines
that
he
should
behave
himself
well
enough
were
he
in
command
,
although
he
show
himself
but
of
a
mean
ability
in
ordinary
matters
.
He
was
born
in
a
Republique
,
and
the
Prelateship
of
his
Country
lighting
on
him
,
he
soon
put
them
in
a
condition
of
falling
out
with
him
,
yea
,
and
of
contesting
and
quarreling
with
the
Pope
too
,
and
that
for
very
slight
reasons
.
In
the
end
,
all
these
brovilleries
ve
disputes
having
constrained
him
to
quit
his
Church
,
he
left
his
Family
involved
in
such
troubles
as
have
much
perplexed
,
and
brought
many
great
losses
upon
him
.
To
repair
this
,
he
lives
in
hopes
of
being
Pope
,
but
he
expects
it
in
vain
,
for
I
do
not
know
any
one
that
desires
it
.
Brancaccio
,
a
Neapolitan
,
though
he
were
made
a
Cardinal
when
he
thought
not
of
it
,
and
,
as
it
were
,
by
an
unexpected
accident
,
does
not
for
all
this
omit
any
possible
endeavour
to
mount
higher
:
He
is
reconciled
with
the
Spaniards
,
to
whose
shame
he
attained
that
Dignity
:
He
hath
made
a
strict
Amity
with
the
Great
Duke
,
and
is
on
good
terms
with
Barberino
:
in
a
word
,
he
does
all
he
can
to
make
good
,
and
increase
his
credit
,
which
is
as
yet
but
small
,
because
his
thoughts
soar
too
high
.
Some
have
said
,
that
there
was
nothing
resting
but
a
good
understanding
with
the
French
,
but
that
being
equivocal
,
I
shall
take
it
in
the
best
sense
,
from
whence
one
may
inser
,
that
he
treats
with
them
in
such
a
manner
as
may
dispose
them
not
to
be
against
him
,
if
he
should
happen
to
be
mention'd
.
He
seemed
to
me
to
be
passionate
for
you
,
nor
shall
I
believe
he
dissembled
much
therein
,
having
wit
enough
to
know
what
your
most
Serene
Republique
hath
done
for
the
liberty
of
Italy
.
Harach
of
Bohemia
comes
to
Rome
onely
when
the
Chair
is
vacant
:
There
are
few
other
things
can
oblige
him
to
stay
there
,
all
his
interest
depending
on
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
,
and
the
Imperial
Court
.
And
being
a
Cavalier
of
a
very
frank
Nature
,
he
makes
it
appear
,
that
the
arts
and
desimulation
,
used
ordinarily
in
the
Court
of
Rome
,
are
not
pleasing
to
him
.
He
hath
ever
testifi'd
a
great
deal
of
affection
for
your
most
Serene
Republique
,
for
ought
that
ever
.
I
could
learn
from
those
that
preceded
me
in
my
employment
;
but
having
never
been
at
Court
in
my
time
,
I
cannot
tell
what
judgment
I
should
have
made
of
him
,
had
I
been
acquainted
with
him
my self
.
I
cannot
affirm
any
thing
of
the
Cardinal
Palotta
of
the
Marcha
:
those
reports
which
I
have
heard
of
him
being
very
various
:
Some
have
told
me
that
he
hath
strange
fancies
,
which
being
paliated
with
the
zeal
of
Reformation
,
cannot
but
cause
a
great
deal
of
trouble
and
disorder
.
Others
describe
him
to
be
a
very
honest
man
,
of
a
good
conscience
;
yet
all
this
is
the
same
onely
diversifi'd
,
because
the
resolutions
of
these
kind
of
spirits
,
or
their
whimseys
rather
,
do
still
clash
themselves
:
And
therefore
he
was
very
little
lookt
upon
in
the
last
Conclave
,
where
he
concealed
as
much
as
possible
his
desire
of
being
Pope
,
yet
could
be
not
carry
it
so
close
but
his
Confidents
discovered
the
extreme
passion
he
had
for
it
.
The
Pope
makes
no
great
account
of
him
,
although
he
have
had
some
Legation
:
and
there
is
some
likelihood
of
reason
for
it
;
because
those
that
are
lifted
to
the
dignity
of
Pope
,
can
better
judge
of
the
defects
of
their
inferiours
,
than
such
as
are
their
equals
in
authority
or
degree
.
In
his
Legation
of
Ferrara
,
he
gave
some
occasion
of
contest
to
your
Signiory
,
and
therefore
although
he
spake
much
of
her
commendations
,
I
should
never
confide
in
him
.
Carpegna
,
of
the
State
of
Urbin
,
had
reason
enough
to
hope
in
the
last
Conclave
,
because
the
Great
Duke
and
Barberino
did
not
reject
him
,
nor
are
his
qualities
to
be
despised
.
But
,
in
a
word
,
when
a
Cardinal
wants
a
certain
credit
which
is
given
by
popular
approbation
,
he
seldome
ever
attains
to
the
Chair
It
cannot
be
denied
,
but
that
both
probity
and
simplicity
of
manners
do
meet
together
in
this
Man
.
He
understands
and
can
do
as
much
as
is
required
in
the
managing
of
publick
affairs
,
but
as
for
the
pressing
of
them
on
,
or
,
if
I
may
so
say
,
the
refining
of
them
,
he
is
not
much
applauded
for
being
happy
therein
:
nor
during
the
last
Conclave
was
there
any
one
that
could
promise
himself
more
than
very
mean
resolutions
for
the
publick
service
,
under
his
Government
:
and
therefore
as
soon
as
ever
he
was
spoken
of
,
they
found
that
he
had
not
a
spirit
great
enough
for
so
high
a
dignity
.
Nevertheless
he
shewed
himself
worthy
of
praise
,
in
that
whatever
his
hopes
,
and
the
resolutions
of
the
Conclave
were
,
he
never
seemed
to
trouble
himself
.
He
loves
your
most
Serene
Signiory
well
enough
,
which
I
have
gather'd
from
the
discourses
he
hath
held
with
me
,
as
also
from
the
reports
of
such
as
have
beard
him
in
particular
conversations
,
when
mention
hath
been
made
of
publick
affairs
.
Filormarini
of
Naples
hath
made
known
his
authority
in
those
disputes
he
had
with
th●
King's
Ministers
,
during
the
last
troubles
in
that
Kingdome
.
He
shew'd
an
invincible
courage
upon
the
threats
which
were
like
to
have
succeeded
to
effects
of
violence
against
him
,
to
make
him
quit
that
Country
?
But
he
likewise
shewed
a
very
great
humility
towards
the
Catholique
King
,
thereby
to
let
him
know
,
that
he
was
disturbed
wrongfully
;
and
his
plea
herein
carried
it
against
all
that
the
greatest
Ministers
of
that
Crown
could
oppose
against
him
.
But
by
how
much
he
hath
encreased
his
reputation
thereby
,
so
much
hath
he
also
therein
prejudic'd
himself
,
as
to
the
thoughts
he
might
have
had
of
hopes
and
greater
dignity
,
thorow
that
obstinacy
apparent
in
him
not
to
change
,
or
remit
any
thing
of
his
first
resolutions
,
how
dangerous
and
violent
soever
the
attempts
are
against
him
.
He
was
a
confident
servant
of
Barberino's
in
the
time
of
his
prosperity
,
whose
services
have
been
very
well
rewarded
.
But
I
do
not
know
what
thanks
those
can
promise
to
themselves
that
should
help
him
to
be
made
Pope
,
he
being
a
man
that
hath
a
marvolous
good
opinion
of
himself
,
and
one
that
believes
every
thing
is
due
to
his
own
merits
.
I
never
treated
with
him
,
he
not
having
been
at
Rome
in
my
time
.
Maculano
,
or
St
Clement
,
a
Dominican
,
is
a
small
Brother
,
who
under
his
poor
mean
Frock
huggs
ambitious
and
high
thoughts
.
He
builds
fine
Castles
in
the
aire
,
fancying
,
that
as
he
came
to
be
a
Cardinal
without
m●riting
of
it
,
so
he
may
as
well
rise
to
the
Pope's
Chair
.
There
is
no
quality
to
be
found
in
him
that
can
distinguish
him
from
the
vulgar
.
He
hath
little
or
no
experience
in
State-affairs
.
He
is
learned
as
a
Monk
,
but
excells
not
their
ordinary
capacity
,
and
hath
some
skill
in
Fortifications
:
But
with
this
he
is
very
covetous
:
and
loves
his
Nepveus
exceedingly
,
who
are
young
people
of
very
ill
behaviours
:
if
he
had
the
command
,
which
God
forbid
,
there
would
be
matter
enough
of
scandal
.
This
was
taken
notice
of
,
by
him
that
could
have
assisted
him
,
to
wit
,
Barberino
,
who
hating
a
licentious
life
,
would
never
speak
one
word
for
him
,
though
Maculano
had
friends
to
second
what
he
should
have
said
,
and
were
aged
enough
to
pretend
to
the
Place
.
Nevertheless
he
may
live
very
well
at
his
ease
,
if
he
will
content
himself
with
the
condition
he
is
in
possession
of
,
which
truly
ought
to
satisfie
him
.
He
hath
named
himself
for
Candidate
,
which
is
to
say
,
he
aspires
to
the
Chair
,
though
amongst
those
of
his
own
Fraternity
,
he
could
never
have
attained
to
be
General
of
their
Order
.
Giorio
de
Camerino
,
a
servant
to
the
House
of
Barberino
in
business
of
small
consequence
,
found
a
way
by
his
handsome
manner
of
serving
,
to
gain
so
much
upon
the
good-will
of
his
Nepveus
,
and
afterwards
on
Pope
Urban
,
that
having
gotten
much
riches
in
his
long
service
,
he
was
reputed
worthy
to
be
a
Cardinal
.
He
is
very
little
esteem'd
at
Court
,
his
behaviour
not
being
noble
enough
to
correspond
with
his
dignity
.
He
keeps
closely
united
to
Barberino
his
Soveraign
Benefactor
,
and
in
that
shews
he
deserved
to
be
advanced
He
hath
never
been
nominated
for
to
be
made
Pope
,
nor
is
there
any
great
hopes
he
should
be
in
election
,
because
,
besides
the
meanness
of
his
birth
,
those
qualities
are
wanting
in
him
which
should
make
him
worthy
to
stand
in
the
rank
of
such
as
pretend
to
that
Supreme
Dignity
,
unless
they
should
push
him
forward
purposely
to
make
him
fall
,
and
get
time
in
the
interim
to
negotiate
another's
preferment
with
more
security
.
Facchinetti
,
of
Bologna
,
hath
been
employed
in
the
highest
Offices
of
the
Court
,
and
Nunciator
of
Spain
,
with
a
constant
reputation
of
an
honest
man
,
and
very
able
.
This
is
a
Cardinal
,
of
whose
reputation
they
have
very
advantagious
opinions
,
which
when
time
suits
will
make
them
willingly
reflect
on
his
good
qualities
;
and
this
fair
opinion
they
have
of
him
he
preserves
,
by
making
his
ordinary
residence
at
his
Church
of
Spoleta
;
and
avoiding
all
occasions
that
might
forfeit
it
,
by
not
concerning
himself
with
the
present
Court
interests
,
for
fear
lest
in
medling
therein
,
instead
of
increasing
his
reputation
,
he
should
give
some
cause
of
disgust
and
rupture
;
He
is
a
Lord
of
a
very
sweet
conversation
,
and
speaks
passionately
for
the
interests
of
your
Signiory
,
from
whom
I
dare
promise
effects
corespondant
should
he
attain
to
a
higher
degree
.
Rosetti
of
Ferrara
is
a
creature
born
,
bred
,
and
advanc'd
in
the
bosome
of
Barberino
,
who
loved
him
by
accident
,
and
after
helped
him
to
employments
,
which
raised
him
up
to
be
a
Cardinal
.
He
was
in
danger
being
in
England
during
those
troubles
,
which
have
encreased
so
long
as
to
arrive
to
the
strange
heighth
of
misfortune
they
were
then
in
:
But
a
more
wary
Minister
might
have
withdrawn
himself
without
forfeiting
his
devoir
.
Being
at
Collen
in
quality
of
a
Nuncio
,
he
could
not
avoid
being
suspected
of
partiality
towards
the
Spaniards
,
and
did
together
with
them
,
breed
some
disorder
in
their
affairs
.
At
Rome
he
did
not
shew
himself
very
grateful
to
his
Benefactor
,
having
subjected
himself
to
the
Spaniards
.
In
the
Conclave
he
was
almost
the
onely
man
that
disapproved
the
Election
of
the
present
Pope
.
So
that
all
these
things
being
heaped
together
,
one
may
infer
,
that
he
is
not
a
Cardinal
of
any
eminent
vertue
,
although
he
hath
been
wise
enough
to
make
such
good
use
of
his
time
,
as
to
have
freed
his
Family
from
those
inconveniences
which
attend
a
mean
Fortune
.
He
keeps
himself
at
his
Church
at
Faense
,
without
any
design
of
shewing
himself
much
at
Rome
,
where
till
those
evill
impressions
are
taken
off
,
or
forgotten
,
he
would
not
be
looked
upon
with
any
great
good-will
▪
Grimald●
,
a
Genoese
,
shows
by
his
looks
,
that
he
is
a
man
of
great
undertakings
,
from
whom
no
other
effects
can
be
expected
,
but
such
as
usually
proceed
from
pensive
spirits
,
which
are
quarels
,
jealousies
,
bold
and
daring
enterprises
,
with
all
kind
of
subtilties
to
make
good
his
designs
.
This
man
hath
had
some
great
designs
on
foot
already
,
to
the
prejudice
of
the
publick
peace
,
and
that
onely
for
some
advantages
to
himself
,
without
regarding
the
inconvenience
of
others
:
and
this
was
the
cause
,
that
finding
he
was
mounted
as
high
as
he
could
pretend
,
which
was
to
have
a
good
Church
in
Franc●
,
where
he
might
say
,
Here
is
my
rest
;
imagining
that
he
should
be
a
second
Mazarin
,
he
was
deceived
,
Mazarin
desiring
to
reign
alone
,
that
the
world
might
know
they
owed
the
good
success
of
that
Government
to
his
direction
.
He
was
not
at
Rome
in
my
time
;
those
that
were
acquainted
with
him
have
described
him
to
me
,
to
be
as
crafty
a
man
as
any
one
,
but
yet
a
person
wanting
that
address
or
discretion
,
which
like
Salt
ought
to
season
all
the
parts
of
Policy
.
I
should
not
confide
in
his
words
,
when
he
commends
this
State
,
because
we
ought
not
to
give
belief
to
such
men
,
as
propound
no
other
end
but
their
own
interest
.
Here
I
should
speak
of
Mazarin
,
and
there
might
be
much
said
of
him
,
but
your
most
Serene
Lordships
are
so
well
informed
of
the
Person
and
Maxims
of
this
great
Minister
,
that
I
could
say
nothing
which
would
not
fall
short
of
the
knowledge
you
have
else-where
had
of
him
;
yet
shall
I
not
omit
to
let
you
be
acquainted
in
what
esteem
he
is
with
the
present
Pope
;
which
I
believe
is
a
thing
worthy
your
knowledge
,
because
you
may
from
thence
guess
the
true
reason
of
the
difficulties
in
those
affairs
which
must
necessarily
be
treated
of
in
either
Court
.
The
Pope
had
very
ill
impressions
of
the
Cardinal
when
he
was
Nuncio
at
Collen
,
for
observing
attentively
the
reasons
the
Mediators
alledged
for
a
General
Peace
,
he
found
the
French
had
always
some
reservations
in
their
answers
,
which
did
not
correspond
,
as
he
judged
,
with
the
equity
of
the
Spaniards
propositions
;
which
made
him
fully
perswaded
,
reflecting
on
some
other
inconveniencies
hapning
when
they
came
to
confer
,
that
all
the
obstacles
which
retarded
so
great
a
happiness
for
all
Christedome
;
proceeded
from
the
Cardinal
Mazarin
.
But
,
as
the
ends
he
then
propounded
requir'd
him
not
to
discover
his
opinions
therein
to
those
Nations
that
were
interess'd
,
so
he
negotiated
still
with
so
much
caution
,
that
few
or
none
knew
what
was
in
his
thoughts
.
Being
returned
afterwards
to
Rome
,
and
the
place
of
Secretary
of
State
being
given
to
him
,
he
was
fortifi'd
more
than
ever
in
the
ill
opinion
he
had
conceived
against
the
Cardinal
,
being
thereto
induc'd
,
not
onely
by
an
increase
of
the
difficulties
in
the
Treaty
on
the
French
side
,
but
likewise
by
the
injurious
speeches
of
Pope
Innocent
,
who
had
a
particular
aversion
for
Mazarin
,
and
who
always
blamed
him
as
the
onely
cause
of
the
dammage
and
ruine
which
Christendome
suffer'd
under
.
Which
made
Alexander
,
being
raised
to
the
Papal
dignity
,
(
although
he
had
some
reason
to
forget
his
hatred
,
since
Mazarin
condescended
to
his
Exaltation
)
to
become
more
envenom'd
,
because
amidst
the
hopes
he
had
,
that
his
mediation
might
produce
some
good
towards
a
General
Peace
,
he
understood
,
that
the
ways
leading
thereto
were
more
blockt
up
than
ever
,
France
being
Leaged
with
England
without
any
respect
to
the
interests
of
the
lawful
Successors
of
that
Kingdom
,
or
any
consideration
that
they
were
of
the
Blood-Royal
of
France
,
not
minding
,
as
the
Pope
said
,
the
Reputation
of
the
most
Christian
King
,
which
by
this
base
alliance
was
even
●od
underfoot
;
whence
followed
,
that
laying
aside
all
the
Moderation
he
had
till
then
shewed
in
speaking
of
Mazarin
,
one
could
not
so
much
as
mention
the
affairs
of
France
,
or
those
that
treated
of
them
,
but
his
Holiness
would
flie
out
to
stinging
injurious
expressions
,
discovering
what
he
had
with
much
art
concealed
so
long
before
;
That
he
took
him
to
be
the
fountain
and
spring
of
all
the
miseries
in
Christendom
,
That
in
him
alone
had
the
Heretiques
founded
all
their
hopes
to
predominate
over
the
Catholiques
,
And
that
there
was
a
just
cause
to
apprehend
,
that
from
him
would
arise
a
general
disturbance
against
the
publique
Peace
:
That
this
doubly
displeased
him
,
because
of
the
wrong
he
did
to
that
Dignity
which
he
unworthily
sustained
;
And
though
his
Predecessors
had
not
considered
the
shame
that
reflected
on
the
Sacred
College
,
in
suffering
this
man
to
be
the
first
Author
of
all
those
mischiefs
,
he
hoped
that
God
would
give
him
both
courage
and
power
enough
to
resent
,
as
he
intended
,
the
prejudice
that
was
thereby
done
to
Religion
,
and
the
advantages
the
en●mies
thereof
had
procured
.
If
some
body
,
under
the
pretence
of
seconding
the
Popes
Resentment
at
that
time
,
had
not
by
a
discourse
suitable
to
his
humor
,
endeavoured
powerfully
to
moderate
his
passion
,
it
is
to
be
feared
he
would
have
proceeded
to
some
greater
violence
and
anger
:
But
he
that
heard
the
Pope's
complaints
made
a
very
prudent
use
of
them
,
endeavouring
to
wipe
all
those
evil
opinions
of
him
out
off
his
thoughts
and
memory
.
As
for
my
own
part
,
though
at
the
beginning
of
my
Embassie
,
I
found
the
wound
yet
open
,
I
omitted
not
,
on
every
occasion
,
when
I
thought
it
convenient
,
to
insinuate
to
his
Holiness
,
that
these
times
oft
required
,
that
particular
persons
should
in
their
counsel
oversway
Princes
,
and
that
it
was
an
effect
of
great
prudence
to
lay
aside
all
bitterness
when
we
treated
with
them
,
unless
we
would
have
that
wound
,
which
perhaps
would
heal
up
of
it self
,
to
become
incurable
by
often
rubbing
of
it
:
that
he
might
have
his
reason
likewise
,
which
being
heard
,
would
justifie
or
,
perhaps
,
expose
him
less
to
censure
for
such
resolutions
,
which
sometimes
do
not
depend
on
his
will
alone
,
but
the
result
and
inclination
of
other
Ministers
,
with
whom
his
Maxims
would
not
suffer
him
to
disagree
.
And
if
it
were
otherwise
,
yet
however
,
France
did
not
enjoy
so
great
a
happiness
as
to
desire
a
War
,
unless
it
were
apparent
that
those
who
counselled
it
had
very
powerful
motives
to
continue
it
,
till
they
could
find
out
a
certain
way
to
make
both
a
good
and
lasting
peace
.
These
reasons
sufficed
to
moderate
the
Pope's
complaints
a
little
,
yet
was
he
not
so
well
satisfi'd
,
but
rejecting
him
he
said
,
That
when
ever
he
had
a
mind
to
obtain
any
thing
of
his
King
and
Council
,
that
concerned
his
particular
favour
or
interest
,
he
knew
how
to
obtain
what
ever
he
fanci'd
,
it
being
known
to
all
to
what
a
height
and
grandeur
he
had
by
his
subtilties
raised
his
Family
,
and
those
that
had
joyned
their
interests
with
him
;
but
,
when
ever
it
was
required
that
he
should
act
for
the
good
of
the
Publique
,
his
power
was
weak
and
languishing
;
which
was
a
very
clear
argument
,
that
he
saw
the
augmentation
of
his
fortune
depended
on
a
continuance
of
the
War
,
which
afforded
him
a
thousand
opportunities
to
make
new
friends
and
creatures
by
the
distribution
of
Offices
,
which
he
bestowed
,
according
to
his
own
will
,
upon
such
persons
as
gave
him
much
applause
,
which
he
preferred
,
though
it
lasted
but
a
moment
,
to
the
immortal
glory
he
might
have
acquired
,
by
delivering
Christendome
from
so
great
and
continual
troubles
,
as
put
it
in
danger
of
being
a●
last
made
the
prey
of
Heretiques
and
Mahometans
.
In
the
mean
while
,
the
times
of
Audience
appointed
,
were
wasted
in
th●se
and
the
like
Discourses
,
which
troubled
me
exceedingly
,
because
I
foresaw
,
that
from
this
Antipathy
,
which
daily
encreased
,
we
could
not
but
expect
some
great
and
notable
prejudice
would
accrue
to
the
Publique
.
After
this
,
upon
the
first
slight
rumors
,
which
were
whispered
of
the
Peace
,
the
Pope
suspected
it
was
some
new
artisice
of
Mazarin's
to
lull
the
world
asleep
,
and
take
off
his
hatred
against
him
,
with
intent
to
renew
the
War
afterwards
,
when
during
the
Truce
he
had
justifi'd
his
pretences
;
but
having
been
certainly
informed
that
the
Peace
went
roundly
forward
,
and
that
things
were
brought
to
such
a
pas●
,
that
none
could
doubt
of
a
good
success
from
this
Treaty
;
then
he
declared
both
to
me
and
all
others
that
he
was
highly
pleased
;
but
every
one
knew
this
content
of
his
was
mixt
with
an
allay
of
dissatisfaction
,
to
see
that
Mazarin
had
made
himself
the
Arbitrator
of
Peace
and
War
by
this
act
,
and
attributed
to
himself
alone
the
honour
of
doing
both
the
one
and
other
.
I
shall
reserve
what
I
have
to
say
hereupon
,
till
I
come
to
treat
of
that
Chapter
which
shall
treat
of
the
Intelligence
betwixt
the
Pope
and
France
.
But
all
the
aversion
the
Pope
made
appear
against
Mazarin
,
did
not
take
off
the
Court
from
admiring
the
capacity
of
so
great
a
Man
,
who
if
he
truly
did
embrace
more
than
the
natural
heat
of
France
could
well
have
digested
(
and
in
that
respect
some
of
his
designs
cannot
be
excused
of
temerity
)
yet
it
is
observable
,
that
Fortune
hath
ever
been
his
Second
,
who
fighting
for
him
,
he
can
never
be
wanting
of
means
to
overcome
the
greatest
difficulties
;
For
the
world
hath
taken
notice
,
that
those
Parties
he
hath
sided
with
have
rarely
miscarri'd
,
which
makes
divers
confess
,
That
how
great
a
States-man
soever
the
Cardinal
of
Richelieu
was
,
yet
he
never
had
so
much
skill
and
policy
in
discovering
and
countermining
the
designs
of
Strangers
,
and
bringing
whatever
he
design'd
to
pass
,
for
the
advantage
of
the
Crown
of
France
,
as
this
Man
who
was
his
Scholar
and
Successor
;
who
if
he
succeed
as
well
in
times
of
Peace
as
he
hath
done
in
time
of
War
,
his
name
will
be
so
much
the
more
unmortal
.
U●sia
,
a
Roman
,
is
of
a
Family
known
to
your
most
Serene
Lordships
,
as
for
the
Services
which
his
Grand-fathers
have
done
for
your
State
,
which
hath
ever
held
them
in
great
consideration
.
They
are
,
however
,
a
little
declined
from
their
former
Reputation
,
by
the
misgovernment
of
some
of
the
Successors
of
those
,
who
by
their
brave
actions
had
raised
it
.
That
which
hath
caused
no
small
diminution
to
their
Honour
,
was
,
their
bargaining
for
more
or
less
with
those
who
made
use
of
them
to
invade
the
liberties
of
others
;
to
which
may
be
added
,
that
the
number
of
their
Family
is
diminished
.
The
Cardinal
of
whom
we
speak
,
is
more
addicted
to
his
pleasures
than
to
any
serious
business
,
which
makes
some
desire
he
had
that
ripe
and
stard
judgment
which
shone
so
in
his
Ancestors
.
The
Family
does
however
but
begin
to
recover
it self
,
at
a
season
wherein
it
may
happen
to
come
to
its
period
for
want
of
issue
;
for
having
taken
Wives
rather
rich
than
fruitful
,
out
of
a
desire
to
repair
their
losses
,
they
are
in
a
way
of
losing
their
name
by
an
oversight
greater
than
the
former
.
They
all
make
profession
of
continuing
still
in
the
good
affection
they
have
so
long
preserved
towards
your
most
Serene
Republique
.
But
they
are
worth
little
,
and
can
do
less
.
Este
,
Uncle
to
the
Duke
of
Modena
,
hath
made
the
world
speak
of
him
,
both
in
Peace
and
War
.
I
cannot
tell
whether
he
were
much
pleased
to
see
me
at
Rome
,
by
reason
of
the
little
satisfaction
his
Brother
had
of
me
,
whilst
I
was
Commissary
for
your
most
Serene
Republique
,
at
the
beginning
of
the
War
you
had
with
the
Barberino's
.
Although
he
can
dissemble
,
and
is
well
enough
skilled
in
the
Art
of
concealing
his
resentments
,
yet
cannot
I
believe
him
satisfi'd
with
what
I
did
,
though
the
thing
went
not
on
so
far
as
those
of
the
House
of
Este
pretended
for
their
interest
.
The
Pope
,
who
hath
not
been
very
well
satisfi'd
with
the
Duke
,
who
studi'd
to
observe
the
will
of
Mazarin
in
every
thing
,
as
if
he
had
been
his
slave
,
and
perceived
that
this
Cardinal
is
of
the
same
inclination
,
looks
upon
him
as
a
person
more
inclined
to
trouble
than
quietness
;
which
he
does
not
however
divulge
,
because
he
hath
greater
pretences
than
ever
to
that
portion
of
Estate
which
was
not
annexed
to
the
Dutchy
of
Ferrara
,
when
it
fell
to
the
Church
,
as
I
shall
show
in
another
place
.
It
will
be
difficult
for
him
therefore
to
be
looked
on
favourably
by
the
Pope
,
who
hath
made
it
appear
,
that
he
can
right
himself
by
the
Sword
,
when
they
deny
him
Justice
.
This
Cardinal
keeps
a
Palace
at
Rome
,
where
there
are
much
People
and
Nobility
,
that
are
punctually
paid
:
which
evinces
,
that
the
late
Wars
hath
impoverished
the
Subjects
,
and
very
much
enriched
the
Master
.
Costaguti
,
a
Roman
,
but
born
of
a
Genoan
Father
,
is
one
of
that
sort
of
men
that
can
easily
heap
up
wealth
,
by
which
they
have
raised
this
House
to
its
Nobility
and
Purple
;
but
to
judge
of
their
fortune
,
as
we
are
wont
to
judge
of
all
new
begun
prosperities
,
one
may
say
,
That
so
great
riches
acquired
in
so
short
a
space
of
time
,
are
hardly
compatible
with
any
lawful
means
of
obtaining
them
.
But
notwithstanding
all
this
,
the
Cardinal
is
a
very
agreeable
man
,
and
he
did
hugely
satisfie
me
,
in
showing
me
he
was
so
well
informed
of
the
interests
of
this
State
,
and
had
so
full
a
knowledge
of
the
merits
of
your
most
Serene
Republique
.
Donghi
,
a
pure
Genoese
,
came
forth
of
Genoa
,
when
he
was
not
expected
,
with
a
very
considerable
stock
of
riches
,
which
hath
since
opened
the
way
to
his
greatness
;
having
been
much
furthered
by
those
qualities
he
hath
,
which
are
so
deserving
,
that
he
that
raised
him
hath
no
cause
to
repent
the
doing
it
.
The
Court
does
generally
praise
him
:
But
he
was
ever
absent
all
my
time
,
so
that
I
can
give
no
judgment
of
him
,
but
from
the
reports
of
others
,
which
however
do
tend
to
allow
him
the
quality
of
a
Man
of
merits
,
and
one
that
is
very
affectionate
to
your
most
Serene
Republique
.
Rondarini
,
a
Roman
,
though
he
be
originary
of
Romagnia
,
is
worthy
of
the
degree
he
stands
in
for
the
goodness
and
simplicity
of
his
manners
.
But
he
is
otherwise
no
great
man
,
for
he
hath
but
a
weak
judgment
,
which
would
easily
lose
it self
should
he
apply
himself
to
business
.
He
deserves
,
however
,
the
good-will
of
your
most
Serene
Signiory
,
for
the
many
things
he
speaks
in
her
praise
,
and
for
the
many
Services
his
Family
hath
done
your
State
,
whereof
the
blood
of
the
Marquis
his
Brother
was
a
testimony
,
who
would
needs
signallize
himself
in
an
Employment
as
worthy
as
a
War
for
Religion
and
Liberty
.
Gabrieli
,
a
Roman
,
is
a
man
that
endeavours
to
conceal
what
is
in
his
heart
;
for
instead
of
discovering
himself
,
he
makes
a
great
Apology
of
Complements
.
There
are
some
of
opinion
,
that
his
Artisice
may
help
to
raise
him
higher
,
but
I
do
not
believe
it
,
because
the
manner
of
acting
of
Pope
Innocent
,
which
is
that
of
the
Romanes
,
hath
opened
the
eyes
of
the
world
too
much
,
the
present
times
requiring
rather
a
person
that
will
prefer
the
publique
good
than
his
own
.
He
abides
the
most
part
of
his
time
at
his
Church
of
Ascoli
,
feeding
himself
with
this
Maxim
,
That
the
less
a
Cardinal
is
at
Court
,
the
easier
is
it
for
him
to
get
into
the
Pope's
Chair
.
But
,
though
that
may
be
true
in
general
,
yet
it
hold
:
no
water
amongst
the
cunning
and
refined
Roma●
Wits
,
who
by
this
very
retreat
discover
his
mind
soonest
that
would
thereby
hide
it
,
and
who
ever
prefer
that
Man
first
,
who
is
most
skilful
in
the
management
of
great
affairs
.
Lugo
,
a
Spaniard
,
and
Jesuit
,
is
a
man
very
learned
in
Divinity
,
but
since
he
forsook
the
Pulpit
he
hath
shewed
himself
no
less
skilful
in
State
matters
.
He
acted
with
great
success
in
the
Conclave
for
the
election
of
the
present
Pope
,
and
though
Barberiao
were
cried
down
for
desiring
to
make
him
Pope
,
out
of
a
certain
fancy
that
came
in
his
head
,
yet
did
he
use
his
utmost
endeavour
to
advance
Chigi
,
whom
he
knew
to
be
very
favourable
to
his
Congregation
,
as
he
hath
since
shewed
himself
.
He
can
do
no
more
than
he
now
doth
to
make
it
appear
to
your
Signory
,
that
he
hath
a
great
esteem
for
you
,
and
that
he
is
extremely
troubled
to
see
her
oppressed
by
such
fierce
and
potent
Arms.
I
believe
he
speaks
frankly
,
being
a
consciencious
man
;
but
perhaps
,
too
,
the
great
desire
he
hath
to
make
those
of
his
Order
more
acceptable
amongst
you
,
prompts
his
tongue
to
say
more
than
is
in
his
heart
.
Raggi
,
a
Genoese
,
who
succeeded
Raggi
his
Uncle
,
was
made
a
Cardinal
by
the
Genoeses
means
,
who
to
raise
him
to
this
Dignity
expended
twice
as
much
as
is
usual
.
But
it
is
very
just
that
the
mony
,
which
they
squeeze
from
all
the
world
,
should
be
afterwards
turned
into
that
smoak
which
the
Court
of
Rome
daily
sells
.
This
Cardinals
endowments
are
very
proper
and
fit
for
a
Minister
of
the
Chamber
,
as
he
hath
been
a
long
time
:
and
indeed
,
there
are
few
that
do
succeed
better
in
that
employment
than
the
Genoeses
,
who
are
most
active
in
running
about
to
fill
their
purses
,
I
am
told
,
that
since
he
is
made
Cardinal
,
he
hath
shewed
himself
somewhat
more
gallant
,
and
hath
pretty
well
studied
the
affairs
of
the
world
,
which
may
be
soon
learned
having
a
very
present
wit
,
if
he
do
but
apply
himself
as
much
to
it
,
as
he
did
in
his
Office
of
the
Pope's
Treasurer
.
Homodei
,
a
Milanois
,
●hose
rather
to
follow
the
Prelacy
,
and
attain
to
the
Purple
,
th●●
to
preserve
his
Family
,
which
is
in
hazard
of
perishing
for
want
of
Issue
.
It
is
nevertheless
considerable
,
full
of
wealth
,
and
alli'd
to
the
greatest
Families
in
Spain
.
He
hath
obtained
what
he
pretended
to
,
after
he
had
made
himself
known
to
be
a
man
capable
of
every
thing
,
tying
himself
strictly
to
the
things
that
belong
to
his
profession
.
He
is
of
a
very
free
disposition
,
as
the
Lombards
generally
are
,
so
that
one
may
conside
in
him
.
He
let
something
fall
in
the
Conclave
which
did
not
please
the
Spaniards
;
but
there
were
several
in
the
Conspiration
,
so
that
they
could
not
lay
the
fault
on
him
singly
.
He
says
plainly
that
he
is
a
Venetian
,
as
much
as
his
fidelity
to
his
King
will
suffer
him
,
which
is
to
say
in
good
English
,
he
is
a
good
Italian
.
The
Prince
John
Charls
of
Med●ces
,
Brother
of
the
Great
Duke
,
is
ever
inseparably
united
with
the
Cardinal
Charls
his
Uncle
,
the
Dean
of
the
College
;
in
this
,
however
,
his
reputation
is
the
greater
,
as
having
carried
himself
with
much
heat
to
the
exclusion
,
and
with
much
skill
to
the
inclusion
of
those
,
who
being
either
partial
,
or
his
friends
,
were
included
There
can
be
nothing
expected
from
this
Lord
,
who
is
perfect
in
Reasons
of
State
,
but
such
actions
as
shall
be
favourable
,
and
for
the
good
of
Italy
,
wherein
likewise
the
good
of
his
own
Family
is
comprised
.
Ludovisio
,
of
Bologna
,
who
was
grafted
into
that
Family
by
the
Mother
of
the
Prince
Ludovisio
,
hath
the
reputation
of
an
honest
man
,
but
he
hath
those
defects
to
which
all
such
kind
of
men
are
subject
;
for
they
are
obstinate
and
indiscreet
;
and
sometimes
too
they
have
a
grain
of
folly
.
It
is
difficult
to
Negotiate
with
him
,
for
if
in
any
business
it
come
once
into
his
mind
,
that
there
is
some
case
of
Conscience
in
it
,
it
makes
him
so
obstinate
,
that
nothing
is
ever
able
to
make
him
change
his
opinion
,
and
that
most
commonly
without
any
reason
,
as
the
Officers
of
the
Penitentiaries
themselves
have
confessed
,
of
whom
he
is
the
Chief
:
Whence
it
follows
,
that
although
as
a
Soveraign
Minister
he
might
dispatch
business
,
seeing
he
hath
the
power
,
yet
one
must
necessarily
return
to
the
Pope
,
and
be
at
a
double
trouble
to
obtain
his
command
for
the
expedition
of
it
.
I
dealt
the
least
with
him
I
possibly
could
,
it
being
hard
to
come
fairly
off
with
such
men
,
on
the
contrary
,
there
is
nothing
to
be
gained
most
commonly
from
them
but
ill-will
and
discontent
.
Saacta
Croce
,
a
Roman
,
agreed
with
Pope
Innocent's
genius
,
in
the
easie
and
clear
method
wherein
I
have
heard
him
express
the
most
difficult
and
knotty
affairs
,
and
that
was
it
which
gained
him
the
favour
of
Innocent
:
for
although
that
Pope
were
a
great
Lawyer
,
yet
he
did
not
very
readily
understand
a
difficult
case
:
and
therefore
he
loved
those
that
made
things
out
easie
and
clear
to
him
,
and
fit
for
his
apprehension
:
besides
,
he
had
taken
a
fancy
to
raise
the
somewhat
depressed
antient
noble
Families
of
the
Roman
Nobility
,
as
was
this
of
Sancta
Cro●e
,
that
they
might
owe
the
obligation
to
him
.
He
had
accomplished
this
design
,
had
not
his
Niece
with
her
much
importunity
diverted
it
.
It
is
certain
,
that
the
inclusion
of
this
Cardinal
was
highly
praised
,
he
having
added
both
Virtue
and
Merit
to
his
Nobility
,
which
good
opinion
he
confirms
by
the
daily
proofs
he
gives
of
his
good-will
in
all
publick
affairs
.
Cibo
,
who
is
one
of
the
Lords
of
Malta
of
Carrara
,
hath
a
great
reputation
at
Court
,
because
of
the
integrity
of
his
mind
,
his
good
life
,
and
great
knowledge
of
the
interests
of
Princes
,
in
which
he
hath
signaliz'd
himself
in
two
Legations
.
He
is
adored
,
if
I
may
say
so
,
in
the
Church
of
Jesi
,
where
he
resides
,
and
the
Pope
,
who
otherwise
would
have
need
of
men
of
his
parts
,
does
not
call
him
thence
,
as
unwilling
to
deprive
that
City
of
so
worthy
a
Pastor
.
And
were
it
their
rule
to
reward
Merit
,
there
is
nothing
so
great
and
good
but
would
fall
to
his
share
,
but
private
interest
denies
it
him
.
I
should
readily
give
him
my
vote
,
were
it
required
,
knowing
I
should
therein
at
the
same
time
both
satisfie
my
conscience
,
and
serve
my
Country
,
which
I
understand
how
really
he
loves
.
Aquaviva
,
a
Neapolitan
,
was
preferred
before
another
whom
Pope
Innocent
desired
,
for
some
considerations
represented
to
him
by
Donaa
Olimpia
,
who
foreseeing
the
Pope
could
not
long
survive
,
thought
it
good
policy
to
strengthen
her
Family
by
the
advancement
of
such
noble
persons
as
might
protect
her
on
occasion
But
she
deceived
her self
,
regarding
onely
the
merits
of
the
persons
,
and
not
considering
whether
she
should
receive
all
those
acknowledgments
and
retributions
which
men
of
honor
are
engag'd
to
return
at
need
.
He
hath
,
however
,
a
popular
applause
,
but
I
cannot
tell
whether
the
Spaniards
are
satisfi'd
with
him
,
since
he
did
not
seem
to
give
them
any
content
in
the
Conclave
.
But
I
am
very
much
taken
with
his
expressions
,
which
ever
tend
to
the
publick
good
.
Goudi
,
or
as
he
is
called
at
present
,
de
Rets
,
hath
made
the
world
talk
of
him
,
both
before
and
since
his
promotion
to
be
Cardinal
:
before
,
because
he
was
as
it
were
the
Scourge
,
that
excited
troubles
in
all
occurrences
,
that
admitted
of
the
least
pretence
to
thwart
the
present
Government
:
and
since
,
because
his
authority
being
increased
,
he
presumed
his
importunities
against
Mazarin
and
his
Partisans
would
become
more
effectual
,
and
that
onely
for
his
particular
interest
,
and
to
make
himself
famous
in
the
administration
of
affairs
.
It
cannot
be
denied
but
Mazarin
was
in
a
kind
of
dream
when
he
named
him
for
that
Dignity
,
and
committed
a
very
great
error
therein
,
not
forecasting
the
event
of
it
.
And
indeed
,
Pope
Innocent
reproached
him
highly
for
despising
and
dealing
unhandsomely
with
one
of
that
Dignity
,
whom
both
himself
and
all
France
had
presented
to
the
Court
of
Rome
,
by
their
recommendations
.
But
this
does
not
make
good
the
too
bold
pretences
of
the
Ecclesiastical
power
,
which
presumes
,
it
is
unlawful
for
great
Princes
to
restrain
the
exorbitancies
of
a
Cardinal
,
that
endeavours
to
trouble
the
peace
of
the
Country
.
There
were
divers
Assemblies
at
Rome
to
consult
a
way
,
whereby
,
without
prejudice
to
the
Cardinal
Dignity
,
they
might
allay
his
discontent
,
but
it
was
very
difficult
,
since
those
of
France
required
security
that
he
should
breed
no
disturbance
,
and
those
in
Rome
could
not
resolve
to
do
it
,
because
the
means
propounded
was
to
give
away
his
Church
at
Paris
to
another
,
and
keep
him
out
of
France
,
without
leaving
him
destitute
of
what
was
necessary
for
his
maintenance
.
Charles
Barberino
is
the
third
Cardinal
of
that
Family
,
which
is
rarely
seen
;
but
that
which
deserves
more
admiration
,
is
that
this
excess
of
favour
proceeded
from
a
Pope
,
who
had
made
it
his
task
to
eclipse
,
not
to
say
destroy
,
that
House
;
so
evident
it
is
,
that
self-interest
over-sways
the
minds
of
men
,
making
those
that
were
the
most
inveterate
enemies
to
become
the
most
endeared
friends
.
This
reconciliation
,
and
the
alliance
that
was
made
betwixt
these
Families
,
was
the
work
of
Donna
Olimpia
,
who
prudently
considered
,
that
if
the
Pope
suffer'd
this
enmity
to
continue
,
he
would
be
exposed
thereby
to
the
same
inconveniencies
they
had
brought
upon
others
.
This
reflexion
pleased
,
and
was
seconded
by
a
most
advantagious
reciprocal
union
.
Nor
was
there
any
cause
of
scruple
that
the
Pope
joyned
Purple
to
Purple
in
the
same
Family
,
considering
the
excellent
qualities
of
this
young
man
,
who
shewed
an
extraordinary
wit
and
modesty
to
all
men
,
and
who
applying
himself
wholly
to
the
noblest
studies
,
renounced
his
birth-right
in
favour
of
his
younger
Brother
,
to
make
himself
a
Church-man
;
and
indeed
,
is
a
very
good
Clergy-man
,
who
never
medles
with
any
other
kind
of
business
.
He
depends
absolutely
on
the
Cardinal
Francis
,
and
conforms
himself
wholly
to
his
manner
of
life
.
Pio
,
a
Ferrarian
,
is
of
a
Family
known
to
your
most
Serene
Lordships
for
its
Nobility
,
and
the
merits
of
its
Branches
,
which
shall
make
me
say
the
less
of
him
.
He
does
not
enjoy
his
health
perfectly
though
he
be
but
young
,
and
may
perhaps
leave
his
Church
at
Ferrara
,
because
the
air
of
Rome
better
agrees
with
him
,
where
he
hath
acquir'd
a
great
deal
of
wealth
,
and
intends
to
settle
himself
altogether
.
He
glories
in
the
natural
affection
he
hath
towards
your
most
Serene
Signiory
,
as
of
a
thing
he
much
values
and
most
highly
esteems
.
Aldobrandin
,
a
Roman
,
but
originary
of
Florence
,
is
the
onely
remainder
of
a
Papal
Family
,
founded
upon
seven
Great-grand-children
,
Nepvews
of
Clement
the
VIII
,
who
were
so
extreme
robust
,
that
one
would
have
judged
their
Line
eternal
,
and
yet
this
Branch
is
withered
.
To
find
a
Cardinal
of
this
Family
,
as
the
Princess
Rossano
desired
,
who
is
the
sole
Hegress
of
all
that
Estate
,
they
were
fain
to
seek
out
this
small
Courtier
,
who
springs
from
the
same
Stock
indeed
,
but
by
reason
of
his
poverty
was
neglected
even
of
his
own
kindred
.
This
example
,
together
with
many
others
,
should
make
the
Pope's
clearly
know
,
as
well
as
their
kindred
,
that
what
ever
care
and
pains
they
take
to
raise
their
Family
,
it
never
succeeds
or
continues
long
,
God
not
being
pleased
to
suffer
those
Grandeurs
,
which
are
founded
on
the
Church's
Patrimony
,
to
stand
as
they
would
have
it
.
And
who
ever
would
be
pleased
to
look
over
the
History
of
the
Popes
,
where
their
Families
are
registred
shall
find
this
an
infallible
Truth
:
for
one
shall
discover
,
that
either
they
were
quite
extinguished
,
or
such
as
were
left
remaining
became
reduced
to
a
condition
below
a
mean
Fortune
:
This
Cardinal
doth
acknowledge
,
that
all
he
hath
came
from
that
Princess
,
who
was
willing
to
show
her
acknowledgments
to
the
blood
of
the
Aldobrandinos
,
and
now
,
by
showing
himself
worthy
,
as
he
hath
done
,
of
the
honour
conferred
upon
him
,
and
gaining
a
good
opinion
of
every
one
,
upon
all
occasions
,
he
patiently
expects
the
time
which
may
prove
more
favourable
to
him
.
Vidman
staid
longer
here
than
he
said
he
would
do
when
he
went
from
Rome
,
where
he
was
surprised
with
the
immature
death
of
Count
David
his
Brother
,
for
whom
the
whole
Court
was
very
sorrowful
;
because
those
Lords
,
besides
the
good
fortune
they
have
had
to
see
their
Family
so
well
stored
with
all
sorts
of
riches
,
do
so
win
the
affections
of
all
people
by
their
sweet
converse
,
that
there
is
none
but
are
ravish'd
at
their
prosperity
.
The
Cardinal
is
also
an
excellent
natur'd
man
,
who
,
to
all
his
other
good
qualities
,
adds
a
most
tender
love
towards
his
Country
,
which
is
reciprocally
obliged
to
make
their
acknowledgments
to
him
upon
every
occasion
.
Spada
of
Luca
,
is
a
Prelate
who
was
emploi'd
in
Urban's
time
in
the
affairs
of
greatest
confidence
,
and
he
held
the
same
credit
in
the
time
of
Pope
Innocent
,
which
is
an
evident
testimony
that
he
hath
excellent
qualities
.
In
his
Legation
to
Ferrara
he
did
you
all
the
good
Offices
that
you
could
expect
from
that
good
Neighbourhood
;
and
when
your
Ambassadors
were
received
in
that
City
in
their
passage
to
Rome
,
he
out-did
all
the
Ministers
of
the
Apossolique
Chair
in
expressions
of
civility
;
whence
I
draw
this
consequence
,
that
he
very
perfectly
knows
your
Lordships
worths
,
and
the
great
obligations
which
are
due
to
you
from
the
Court
of
Rome
.
Gualtieri
D'Orvicte
is
Donna
Olimpia's
Creature
,
who
having
power
to
do
what
she
would
,
brought
this
man
and
another
that
depended
wholly
upon
her
,
to
promotion
,
by
casting
dust
in
the
Pope's
eyes
that
he
might
not
see
what
she
did
,
not
caring
whether
he
were
pleased
or
not
,
after
she
made
him
commit
the
sault
.
This
Cardinal
was
not
at
Rome
during
my
abode
,
he
resides
at
his
Church
at
Fremo
,
where
he
can
yet
,
himself
,
hardly
believe
he
is
awake
,
and
really
in
possession
of
what
he
holds
.
There
is
little
good
to
be
said
of
him
,
and
that
you
may
judge
this
a
truth
,
it
may
suffice
to
tell
you
,
it
was
a
work
of
the
Brain
of
that
Woman
.
Odescalco
de
Como
hath
the
Lombard
way
of
acting
,
which
is
to
say
,
ingenious
and
franck
,
and
truly
he
is
held
to
be
without
malice
.
He
does
not
profess
any
skill
in
Politiques
,
but
wants
not
for
judgment
,
and
makes
good
use
of
it
;
in
time
and
place
convenient
.
I
have
nothing
to
alledge
against
him
,
since
the
Court
finds
no
fault
with
him
;
when
this
man
is
mention'd
they
speak
briefly
,
without
making
any
reflection
of
his
good
or
bad
qualities
,
which
is
a
convincing
proof
that
there
is
more
good
than
hurt
in
him
,
because
at
Court
they
pardon
none
they
can
except
against
.
I
believe
your
most
Serene
Signiory
may
conside
in
a
person
of
his
humor
,
when
he
makes
protestation
of
his
affection
towards
you
,
as
he
hath
done
every
time
I
was
with
him
.
Our
Ottobuono
for
his
sweet
and
charming
conversation
is
beloved
of
all
the
Court
,
nor
are
there
any
but
do
wish
him
a
greater
dignity
than
he
hath
:
and
truly
he
hath
rendred
himself
worthy
of
it
by
his
continued
labours
and
vigilancy
:
and
the
rather
,
because
by
his
actions
,
accompani'd
with
so
much
civility
to
all
the
world
;
and
his
judgment
in
managing
business
of
consequence
,
he
hath
made
it
apparent
that
he
deserves
one
should
conside
in
him
.
The
City
of
Brescia
is
too
narrow
a
limit
for
the
exercise
of
his
Virtues
:
and
the
expences
he
makes
would
have
been
better
employed
in
some
Legation
,
or
some
considerable
employment
at
Court
,
where
,
to
speak
truth
,
such
weak
men
do
reside
,
that
either
for
the
success
in
an
affair
,
or
for
want
of
choosing
the
readiest
and
safest
ways
,
they
do
even
displease
those
whom
they
most
favour
.
But
as
for
his
exile
from
Court
,
which
we
may
t●●m
honourable
,
the
cause
thereof
can
be
attributed
to
nothing
else
,
but
the
knowledge
they
have
of
his
eminent
virtues
,
as
well
for
that
ordinarily
Virtue
is
looked
upon
with
an
envious
eye
,
as
because
he
did
in
the
Conclave
endeavour
earnestly
to
unite
the
opposite
parties
,
who
wavered
and
obstructed
all
other
designs
.
All
I
can
say
to
your
Excellencies
of
this
Lord
,
is
,
that
the
affection
he
bears
his
Native
Country
is
the
most
tender
and
hearty
that
can
be
desired
in
any
of
your
most
Serene
Republique's
Subjects
,
and
whatever
favours
you
bestow
,
you
can
never
place
them
better
than
on
a
man
,
who
,
like
this
same
now
mention'd
,
is
wholly
disposed
to
prefer
the
publique
interest
in
all
occasions
before
his
own
.
Maldachino
is
very
well
,
the
Pope
was
very
careful
to
make
him
go
and
take
the
aire
of
the
Campagnia
for
a
good
while
,
whence
he
returned
at
the
intreatics
of
the
Cardinals
,
who
took
that
absenting
for
an
exile
:
The
Spaniards
were
not
much
allarm'd
at
his
change
,
and
declaration
for
France
.
Yet
must
it
be
said
in
his
praise
,
that
he
did
very
wisely
,
in
seeking
the
support
and
gaining
the
favour
of
a
great
King
.
Nay
,
there
is
some
generosity
in
it
,
because
there
is
no
appearance
he
was
moved
out
of
interest
;
since
Mazarin
is
not
a
person
likely
to
bestow
any
great
reward
upon
him
,
whether
it
be
out
of
his
natural
inclination
to
parsimony
,
or
some
fixed
design
to
regulate
and
reduce
the
vast
expences
of
that
Nation
,
drained
by
so
long
a
War
,
or
some
more
hidden
and
refined
politique
consideration
,
it
being
certainly
a
pure
folly
to
waste
the
Exchequer
in
Pensions
for
the
Court
of
Rome
.
Besides
,
nothing
is
more
apparent
than
this
,
that
the
way
to
gain
those
people
is
to
neglect
them
.
Interest
and
Fear
would
soon
reunite
them
,
and
make
them
look
towards
France
for
succour
,
did
they
fear
they
were
abandon'd
to
the
dreadful
power
of
Spain
:
all
the
humility
of
submission
,
and
art
of
compliance
would
then
be
put
in
practise
to
make
sure
of
,
and
draw
the
French
to
their
side
to
oppose
that
ambitious
Neighbour
,
who
surrounding
the
Pope
with
Millan
and
Naples
,
may
devour
him
when
he
hath
the
mind
to
it
.
I
have
visited
him
uron
some
occasions
,
but
never
much
regarded
his
discourse
,
which
still
tended
to
make
me
believe
he
is
very
much
a
servant
to
your
most
Serene
Lordships
.
Borromeo
,
a
Milanois
,
a
Lord
of
a
considerable
Birth
,
hath
ever
given
testimony
in
those
employments
he
hath
had
,
of
a
strict
secresie
,
great
modesty
and
sincerity
,
which
are
qualities
rarely
lodged
together
in
a
man
that
is
in
power
or
command
.
He
doth
at
present
exercise
the
charge
of
Lega●
in
Romagnia
with
much
praise
,
not
giving
any
cause
of
complaint
under
his
Government
.
I
cannot
but
give
a
fair
judgment
of
his
Sentiments
for
the
publique
good
,
on
which
that
of
your
most
Serene
Republique
is
necessarily
depending
,
which
he
assured
me
of
the
last
time
I
visited
him
.
Imperiale
,
a
Genoese
,
is
a
man
sit
for
Government
,
who
quickly
apprehends
where
any
evil
is
,
and
hath
capacity
enough
to
apply
the
remedy
.
He
hath
also
a
free
heart
,
which
will
not
easily
yield
when
he
finds
on
which
side
there
is
more
reason
.
Yet
cannot
I
tell
whether
he
would
succeed
well
if
he
had
the
Soveraign
command
,
because
he
is
a
Genoese
,
and
prepostess'd
with
the
Maxims
of
his
Country
,
which
pretend
to
attain
to
that
in
a
short
time
,
to
which
other
Potentates
could
not
arrive
but
by
a
succession
of
many
ages
;
and
this
may
perhaps
be
one
of
the
causes
will
exclude
him
from
any
higher
advancement
.
In
the
mean
time
,
he
makes
very
powerful
protestations
,
that
he
will
ever
side
with
those
who
stand
for
the
Liberty
of
Italy
,
which
is
to
say
in
good
English
,
that
he
will
side
with
your
most
Serene
Republique
.
Astalli
,
a
Roman
,
hath
acted
several
parts
at
the
Court
of
Rome
in
a
short
time
.
He
was
a
Prelate
of
a
mean
Fortune
;
since
that
he
was
made
a
Cardinal
.
He
was
of
kindred
,
and
supported
by
Pope
Innocent's
Niece
,
who
would
speak
all
,
and
do
all
,
at
that
time
when
he
was
made
Cardinal
He
was
in
Pamfilio's
Family
in
quality
of
a
Nepvew
:
a
while
after
he
was
rejected
as
unworthy
of
that
Title
,
exiled
from
Rome
,
and
almost
cast
into
the
Precipice
:
but
a
little
after
the
death
of
Innocent
he
somewhat
recovered
himself
again
,
yet
could
not
make
them
restore
what
they
had
taken
.
In
fine
,
he
found
relief
in
the
protection
of
the
Catholique
King
,
who
hath
bestowed
some
Largess
upon
him
,
which
hath
set
him
in
a
pretty
good
posture
.
The
History
of
the
strange
turns
he
hath
been
subject
to
,
would
be
very
curious
,
but
it
being
too
prolix
,
I
shall
pass
it
by
;
because
,
likewise
,
ere
this
Writing
appears
,
no
doubt
but
the
Relations
of
those
times
will
set
forth
the
truth
of
it
.
There
can
be
nothing
more
intricate
than
the
condition
of
that
Family
,
which
then
governed
;
for
on
the
one
side
,
the
Pope's
Niece
and
her
Confederates
were
ever
making
some
enterprize
,
and
on
the
other
the
Cardinal
Panciroli
,
who
was
then
the
chief
Minister
of
State
,
countermined
them
,
and
either
of
these
scoffed
at
that
Pope
before
his
face
;
because
,
although
he
had
wit
enough
,
yet
he
had
not
the
judgment
or
way
to
make
those
stand
in
awe
of
him
,
who
were
the
most
obliged
to
him
.
In
the
mean
time
,
this
Cardinal
,
after
he
had
undergone
so
many
different
Fortunes
,
attained
to
his
case
and
quiet
,
yet
without
any
great
repute
or
esteem
,
being
more
addicted
to
follow
his
own
inclinations
,
than
to
serve
the
Publique
;
and
therefore
I
cannot
inform
you
what
his
affection
is
towards
this
Republique
.
Albjci
,
of
Cenata
,
is
a
man
,
who
finding
he
can
raise
himself
no
higher
by
the
ways
of
eminent
virtue
,
is
resolved
to
try
what
he
can
do
by
his
extravagancies
;
and
this
it
is
makes
him
speak
so
freely
against
the
corruptions
of
the
times
,
which
he
is
not
satisfi'd
in
doing
in
private
,
but
taking
delight
to
shew
his
Eloquence
,
which
is
not
the
highest
that
ever
was
,
he
discourses
of
it
in
publique
Oratories
,
and
sometimes
with
biting
expressions
,
which
seems
to
aim
at
the
Popes
creatures
,
who
are
in
command
.
This
is
ill
resented
at
the
Palace
,
but
they
let
him
go
on
,
as
if
they
understood
him
not
:
and
yet
not
being
free
from
failings
himself
,
it
is
wonder'd
he
should
be
so
apt
to
censure
others
.
He
hath
rather
I
know
not
what
kind
of
commerce
with
the
world
,
than
any
considerable
knowledge
;
and
having
been
chosen
by
Pope
Innocent
,
as
a
person
fit
for
Government
,
he
made
him
a
Cardinal
,
having
more
respect
to
his
being
an
enemy
to
Macula●o
,
who
was
hated
by
this
Family
,
that
so
he
might
oppose
all
that
favour'd
him
,
than
to
any
merit
was
found
to
be
in
himself
.
He
speaks
very
fine
things
against
those
that
shew
themselves
slow
and
cold
in
their
present
assistance
of
this
Signory
;
but
his
importunate
and
tedious
discourses
are
but
little
regarded
,
nor
indeed
esteemed
sincere
,
because
they
are
always
Satyrical
.
Azzolino
de
la
Marca
was
brought
to
be
Cardinal
by
those
means
that
prevail
most
at
Rome
,
that
is
to
say
,
by
discovering
the
defects
of
others
;
I
shall
not
stand
here
to
repeat
the
story
of
Astalli's
fall
,
caused
partly
by
the
reports
,
true
or
false
,
of
this
man
.
It
is
certain
,
there
are
no
eminent
virtues
in
him
,
and
if
you
except
but
some
pretty
little
flashes
of
the
Pen
,
which
he
learned
in
the
exercise
of
his
Office
of
Secretary
,
I
see
nothing
extraordinary
in
him
.
He
spends
most
part
of
his
time
in
amorous
entertainments
,
while
all
he
does
,
brings
little
benefit
to
the
Publique
.
I
never
much
esteemed
the
great
care
he
takes
to
express
the
devotion
he
hath
for
your
Signiory
,
because
I
know
any
thing
pleases
his
mind
more
than
thoughts
of
business
,
thinking
all
his
time
too
short
to
recreate
himself
.
The
Cardinal
Lantgrave
of
Hesse
,
who
is
a
Lord
of
a
high
birth
and
a
generous
spirit
;
might
have
made
better
use
of
his
Talents
,
as
it
is
believed
,
in
the
profession
of
a
Souldier
,
than
of
a
Gown-man
:
not
but
that
he
hath
given
some
good
tokens
,
by
proving
himself
a
good
Catholique
,
and
a
good
Disciple
in
the
Maxims
of
the
Court
of
Rome
;
but
when
it
concerns
his
taking
any
advantage
,
as
he
pretends
much
,
reflecting
on
what
he
is
,
every
one
withdraws
,
even
the
Spaniards
themselves
,
who
otherwise
being
wont
to
shew
their
largess
towards
those
of
his
quality
,
are
yet
sparing
to
him
,
not
well
apprehending
what
service
they
can
expect
at
Rome
from
a
Prince
,
who
hath
laid
aside
his
Armour
to
take
up
a
Cardinal's
little
Gown
:
and
that
which
makes
them
perhaps
more
distasted
with
him
,
is
his
leaving
the
Protestant
Religion
to
become
a
Catholique
without
any
study
or
learning
,
which
are
most
necessary
Ornaments
in
a
Cardinal
;
especially
a
stranger
,
that
intends
to
gain
any
credit
near
the
Pope
.
Nevertheless
he
does
not
dispair
but
the
time
may
come
,
when
he
may
settle
himself
at
Rome
in
the
condition
others
are
in
there
,
without
any
need
of
seeking
abroad
for
assistance
,
as
he
hath
been
forc'd
to
do
when
he
staid
there
after
the
creation
of
this
Pope
,
being
still
put
to
his
shifts
,
by
reason
of
the
few
assignations
he
had
,
insomuch
that
he
was
forc'd
to
be
gone
for
fear
of
intangling
himself
.
He
is
a
Gentleman
of
a
good
judgment
,
who
,
following
the
candour
,
so
natural
to
his
Country
,
either
blames
or
praises
as
he
finds
people
deserve
.
He
speaks
of
your
Signiory
in
the
same
terms
as
a
very
good
Italian
should
do
.
Sforza
,
a
Roman
,
hath
given
himself
to
the
Spanyards
,
being
easily
drawn
to
their
party
,
not
so
much
for
the
rich
benefices
they
bestowed
on
him
,
as
out
of
the
hatred
he
bears
against
Mazarin
,
with
whom
he
could
never
have
agreed
,
had
he
remained
for
the
French
.
There
accrues
no
benefit
to
the
Spanyard
by
the
gaining
of
this
Cardinal
,
but
onely
the
reputation
of
having
a
man
on
their
side
of
a
great
birth
,
and
a
bold
spirit
:
for
he
hath
otherwise
no
great
gifts
,
nor
any
considerable
adherents
besides
the
Great
Duke
,
towards
whom
he
shows
himself
very
reserv'd
.
His
genious
ever
inclined
more
towards
the
French
than
the
Spanish
;
yet
hath
he
moulded
his
humour
to
the
Spanish
service
absolutely
,
since
he
found
how
much
more
certain
the
Spanyards
assignments
are
than
the
French
,
and
more
beneficial
than
the
others
could
be
.
This
Family
hath
ever
professed
to
have
a
great
deal
of
affection
for
your
prosperity
,
and
many
of
them
have
had
employments
under
you
,
which
they
have
performed
with
a
great
deal
of
applause
from
your
most
Serene
Republique
,
This
Cardinal
does
not
forget
to
profess
oftentimes
,
that
his
affection
hath
the
same
bias
.
Here
ends
the
old
College
.
It
remains
now
that
I
should
speak
somewhat
of
Pope
Alexander's
Creatures
,
of
four
of
which
,
viz.
the
Cardinals
Chigi
,
Rospigliosi
,
Pallavicini
,
and
Bichi
,
having
discoursed
enough
in
the
beginning
,
I
shall
add
what
may
be
said
of
the
other
five
,
whom
he
hath
made
Cardinals
.
Bagni
is
a
Cavalier
,
as
noble
as
he
is
understanding
in
the
things
of
Peace
and
War
.
The
Spanyards
were
doubtful
of
the
Defunct
Cardinal
his
Brother
,
nor
do
I
believe
they
put
any
great
confidence
in
this
,
whom
they
know
to
be
very
intimate
with
Mazarin
,
which
they
discovered
by
the
reproaches
of
Pope
Innocent
,
who
found
by
Bagni's
Letters
in
reading
of
them
,
that
it
was
Mazarin
had
dictated
them
,
for
which
he
was
very
ill
treated
during
his
Nunciature
in
France
,
the
Assignments
belonging
to
that
Charge
being
then
taken
away
from
him
,
as
an
useless
Minister
:
But
the
present
Pope
,
whilest
he
was
Secretary
to
Innocent
,
having
more
wit
than
he
to
judge
of
the
actions
of
a
Minister
,
had
still
an
esteem
for
him
;
and
the
time
being
come
to
discover
his
mind
,
he
declared
it
more
by
effects
than
verbal
expressions
,
honouring
him
with
the
Cardinal
Purple
,
and
admitting
him
amongst
his
Confidents
,
and
that
with
reason
,
because
his
Brother
and
he
have
served
the
Apostolique
State
the
space
of
three-score
years
.
He
is
antient
and
unhealthful
,
This
Honour
falling
to
his
share
in
a
fit
time
to
attend
him
to
his
grave
.
Paulucci
of
Romagnia
hath
attained
to
a
great
age
,
thorow
many
troubles
and
fatigues
,
which
have
gained
him
a
recompence
in
a
time
,
wherein
he
hath
little
other
advantage
but
his
hopes
,
those
advancements
onely
excepted
which
his
friends
have
procured
him
:
which
hapned
very
seasonably
at
this
time
,
he
not
being
fit
to
perform
the
Functions
of
a
Cardinal
,
as
being
blind
.
He
was
never
endued
with
much
patience
,
and
much
retarded
the
progress
of
his
Fortune
by
often
speaking
publickly
with
too
much
liberty
.
Otherwise
he
is
a
good
man
,
but
one
that
is
more
knowing
in
the
Canon
Law
,
than
prudent
in
his
converse
in
the
world
.
Elci
of
Siena
had
not
the
Title
of
Nunclo
before
he
was
a
Cardinal
,
but
he
was
highly
approved
by
the
Pope
,
and
besides
that
,
of
his
kindred
.
And
it
was
easie
to
discover
by
the
tenderness
of
the
Pope's
expressions
to
him
,
before
he
brought
him
to
promotion
,
that
he
was
enrolled
amongst
those
he
most
loved
.
Your
most
Serene
Lordships
know
him
far
better
than
I
do
,
having
had
him
there
as
Nuncio
a
long
while
amongst
you
,
with
such
satisfaction
as
you
may
well
remember
.
His
qualities
makes
him
worthy
of
the
Purple
and
the
Papal
Mitre
;
and
I
believe
he
may
come
to
it
in
time
,
unless
the
Court
grow
weary
of
the
Sienans
,
whereof
there
being
already
three
in
the
Colledge
,
it
is
to
be
thought
the
number
may
yet
increase
,
if
the
Pope
live
as
long
as
he
promises
to
himself
.
The
thought
this
Cardinal
hath
of
your
most
Serene
Republique
could
not
be
more
advantagious
than
they
are
.
Bonvisi
of
Leuca
,
hath
passed
through
all
the
Offices
at
Court
,
shewing
sometimes
a
constant
resolution
of
fixing
there
,
and
otherwile
an
inclination
to
quit
it
,
as
it
seemed
in
his
long
absence
he
had
intended
.
In
this
Pope's
time
,
his
hopes
renewed
afresh
,
considering
he
had
a
respect
to
the
merits
of
deserving
persons
:
and
truly
he
called
him
of
his
own
accord
,
without
being
courted
to
it
.
He
was
at
first
Master
of
his
Holiness
Chamber
,
and
in
that
Office
he
improved
the
good
opinion
the
Pope
had
of
him
,
so
that
he
was
comprised
in
the
first
promotion
together
with
five
other
men
,
who
had
all
parts
necessary
to
attain
to
the
Dignities
of
Cardinals
.
He
hath
none
but
good
qualities
,
and
knows
how
to
gain
the
love
and
esteem
of
others
,
as
well
as
to
love
and
esteem
others
himself
,
and
especially
those
Princes
that
deserve
most
,
in
which
number
,
to
my
knowledge
,
he
places
your
most
Serene
Signory
.
Farnese
,
a
Roman
,
was
under
Innocent
for
a
time
the
fifth
Evangelist
.
That
Pope
followed
his
opinion
in
all
things
,
and
esteemed
and
made
great
choice
of
them
,
as
proceeding
from
a
man
very
learned
,
prudent
,
and
of
great
integrity
:
afterwards
he
disliked
him
,
because
he
spake
not
according
to
his
fancy
,
and
made
no
more
use
of
him
,
but
spake
of
him
even
in
a
kind
of
a
despising
way
.
The
present
Pope
,
who
judges
of
the
merits
of
men
perfectly
well
,
raised
him
to
the
Office
of
Majordom
,
in
which
he
discharged
himself
exceeding
well
,
although
he
had
a
thousand
other
occupations
,
there
being
no
Assembly
held
to
which
he
was
not
called
,
if
they
treated
of
any
business
of
importance
.
He
helped
the
Family
at
present
in
command
to
the
purchase
of
the
Lands
of
Farnese
,
being
his
jurisdiction
,
and
suggested
the
means
to
exclude
the
Duke
of
Parma
,
who
in
default
of
this
Branch
was
to
succeed
therein
;
in
fine
,
having
had
the
Hat
for
a
reward
,
they
committed
the
Legation
of
Bologna
to
him
,
which
he
performs
to
the
Pope's
great
satisfaction
.
He
is
a
great
Wit
,
and
perhaps
greater
than
were
fitting
for
the
Publique
,
were
he
Pope
:
but
should
he
pretend
to
it
,
he
would
find
opposition
,
and
the
greatest
would
be
the
Duke
of
Parma
,
with
whom
he
hath
never
kept
any
good
correspondence
for
the
interest
of
his
Family
;
therefore
the
Spanyards
,
out
of
a
complaisance
they
have
for
the
Duke
,
and
because
they
have
prejudged
he
hath
some
inclination
towards
France
,
will
do
all
they
can
possibly
to
obstruct
his
being
made
Pope
.
The
time
of
the
promotion
which
is
to
be
made
in
consideration
of
the
Princes
approaches
,
and
since
it
is
already
made
known
who
shall
be
promoted
,
I
leave
that
care
to
the
most
excellent
Sagredo
to
inform
your
most
Serene
Lordships
of
their
condition
and
qualities
,
and
shall
onely
add
,
that
as
for
him
that
pertains
to
your
Republique
,
who
is
to
be
made
Cardinal
,
I
would
not
say
any
thing
of
it
to
the
Pope
,
knowing
this
favour
lights
still
on
those
who
are
most
agreeable
to
his
Holiness
;
it
being
sufficient
that
your
Signory
does
herein
receive
an
honour
equal
to
those
other
Crowns
without
pointing
out
the
inclusion
,
or
the
exclusion
of
any
one
in
particular
,
provided
you
have
no
diffidence
of
the
person
they
shall
promote
.
I
could
here
shut
up
the
List
of
those
that
make
up
the
grandeur
of
the
Court
of
Rome
,
but
since
the
Queen
of
Sweden
hath
made
choice
of
it
for
her
ordinary
residence
,
and
that
I
hapned
to
communicate
sometimes
with
her
Majesty
,
I
shall
add
some
small
matter
which
I
have
to
say
concerning
this
Princess
.
At
her
first
coming
to
Rome
she
had
so
little
knowledge
of
the
grandeur
of
your
State
,
that
she
thought
it
strange
your
Ministers
should
be
treated
equally
with
those
of
the
greatest
Kings
in
Christendom
:
and
therefore
when
it
was
told
her
,
that
my
Predicessor
intended
to
give
her
a
visit
,
she
seemed
in
the
beginning
unwilling
to
allow
him
the
same
Honour
she
granted
to
the
Ministers
of
other
Princes
;
but
being
informed
that
she
mistook
,
she
condescended
to
do
it
in
the
same
manner
as
was
usual
at
Court
.
She
was
afterwards
fully
acquainted
with
the
great
service
this
Republique
did
to
all
Christendom
,
in
opposing
singly
the
dreadful
Forces
of
the
common
Enemy
.
And
this
made
her
shew
more
complaisance
in
often
conversing
with
me
;
and
to
have
the
better
occasions
,
not
regarding
her
little
power
so
much
as
following
the
sentiments
of
her
generosity
,
she
proffer'd
to
find
out
the
means
to
raise
a
Regiment
of
Infantiy
for
the
service
of
this
State
,
and
gave
the
charge
hereof
to
Sentinelli
her
favourite
.
But
afterwards
the
difficulty
of
getting
her
mony
out
of
Sweden
being
encreased
,
the
first
great
heat
of
her
good-will
grew
cool
,
so
that
after
the
order
she
had
given
for
the
receipt
of
a
thousand
Doublons
,
she
made
no
other
assignment
;
all
the
rest
vanishing
in
smoak
,
as
well
through
the
death
of
Sentinelli
,
who
was
usually
there
to
pay
the
Soldiers
,
as
the
disgrace
of
another
who
till
then
was
thought
to
be
in
favour
with
her
Majesty
.
However
,
I
omitted
not
to
pay
her
my
respects
from
time
to
time
,
in
token
of
my
acknowledgment
,
to
which
she
ever
corresponded
by
actions
of
great
civility
.
But
to
say
truth
,
that
Princess
is
possessed
onely
with
vain
speculations
,
which
are
the
foundation
of
those
great
undertakings
she
designes
.
And
being
unwilling
to
venture
the
hazard
of
misfortune
,
hoping
for
all
she
desires
,
so
she
thinks
every
thing
that
comes
in
her
fancy
is
very
easily
brought
to
pass
.
And
if
the
news
of
the
King
of
Sweden's
death
,
which
I
heard
of
in
my
journey
homewards
,
proves
true
,
her
want
of
mony
will
yet
be
greater
.
Indeed
,
Pope
Alexander
voluntarily
engaged
himself
in
those
great
expences
were
made
for
her
reception
at
Rome
,
but
no
man
doubts
but
he
repented
him
of
it
since
,
when
he
perceived
there
was
not
that
solidity
of
judgment
in
her
as
had
been
reported
;
for
she
hath
made
it
appear
,
she
is
a
Woman
like
others
,
and
by
consequence
as
subject
to
defects
as
any
other
of
that
Sex
.
She
hath
at
present
begun
a
course
of
life
somewhat
more
moderate
,
and
therefore
more
durable
;
and
if
she
would
have
really
perswaded
the
world
,
that
it
was
a
knowledge
of
the
true
Religion
which
obliged
her
to
quit
her
Crown
and
Kingdom
,
and
pass
into
the
bosome
of
another
Church
and
Country
,
she
could
not
have
taken
a
wiser
resolution
,
than
to
have
made
her
retrear
into
some
Monastery
where
she
might
have
been
at
ease
,
and
lead
a
quiet
life
free
from
trouble
,
and
suitable
to
her
condition
,
not
as
to
the
greatness
,
but
the
conveniency
of
it
,
and
with
a
liberty
to
have
come
out
again
when
she
pleased
.
She
did
not
much
praise
the
Pope
,
but
said
,
she
was
promised
by
him
,
that
he
would
put
her
in
a
condition
to
live
handsomly
;
whereas
on
the
contrary
she
perceived
,
that
his
Holiness
kindred
had
not
that
esteem
for
her
they
ought
to
have
.
She
added
many
other
things
,
which
shews
her
to
be
of
a
querulous
humour
,
that
is
,
just
like
a
Woman
that
cannot
tell
what
she
would
have
.
When
I
took
leave
of
her
,
I
found
her
pensive
enough
at
the
news
of
the
dangerous
condition
of
the
King
of
Sweden
;
which
makes
me
believe
what
I
heard
since
his
death
,
that
she
hath
left
Rome
and
is
gone
into
her
Country
,
the
better
to
secure
the
payments
they
were
engag'd
to
make
her
.
When
she
hath
done
that
,
if
she
return
to
make
her
abode
in
Rome
,
many
people
will
be
glad
of
it
,
but
,
very
few
will
have
any
cause
to
be
jealous
.
And
now
,
having
made
know
the
internal
and
external
qualities
of
the
Pope
,
and
his
Kindred
,
together
with
those
that
serve
him
,
for
aid
and
counsel
in
his
Government
both
Politique
and
Ecclesiastique
,
it
is
time
to
examine
the
internal
Sentiments
of
his
Holiness
towards
Christian
Princes
,
and
so
to
conclude
by
examining
what
his
thoughts
are
concerning
the
good
and
advantage
of
your
most
Serene
Republique
,
upon
which
,
having
made
a
most
serious
reflection
,
I
dare
believe
that
I
shall
be
but
very
little
or
not
at
all
mistaken
.
ANd
to
begin
with
him
,
who
holds
the
first
and
highest
rank
,
and
hath
most
authority
amongst
Secular
Princes
,
viz.
the
Emperour
,
we
cannot
say
but
the
Pope
holds
very
good
intelligence
or
correspondence
with
him
,
since
at
the
Election
of
his
Majesty
to
the
Imperial
Crown
,
he
did
all
he
was
able
to
overcome
those
difficulties
the
Electors
made
,
who
would
hardly
comply
,
unless
some
satisfaction
were
allowed
them
which
they
pretended
were
due
to
them
:
and
his
Holiness
had
much
adoe
to
gain
the
favour
as
well
of
the
Ecclesiastique
as
the
Secular
Electors
,
not
to
name
the
Protestants
,
who
being
on
the
one
hand
perswaded
by
the
Sollicitations
of
the
French
,
and
on
the
other
with-held
by
the
certain
knowledge
,
it
was
then
the
onely
time
to
make
their
conditions
better
than
they
had
been
;
for
it
was
much
impaired
thorow
the
long
continuance
of
that
great
Dignity
in
the
Austrian
Family
:
and
therefore
the
Pope
speaks
very
load
of
the
high
services
he
therein
did
to
his
Imperial
Majesty
,
having
just
reason
to
expect
he
should
in
retribution
do
any
thing
for
him
again
that
lies
in
his
power
:
To
which
purpose
it
is
evident
indeed
,
that
they
take
all
the
care
imaginable
to
please
him
.
Thus
at
the
beginning
of
this
Pope's
Government
,
it
was
chiefly
upon
his
sollicitation
that
the
Emperour
attaqued
the
King
of
Sweden
,
by
the
invasion
he
made
upon
Pomerania
,
notwithstanding
the
many
difficulties
might
have
hapned
,
by
reason
of
the
danger
of
breeding
new
troubles
in
Germany
upon
pretence
of
a
breach
of
the
Peace
at
Munster
,
which
the
Friends
and
Allies
of
the
Swede
might
allege
:
and
which
,
is
most
considerable
,
this
was
undertaken
in
a
time
when
the
Court
was
empty
of
mony
,
which
is
a
thing
that
ought
still
to
be
had
in
readiness
upon
any
sudden
commotion
.
Nevertheless
the
Pope's
perswasions
prevailed
upon
the
promise
he
made
,
that
if
any
urgent
occasion
required
,
and
they
called
upon
him
,
he
would
remit
them
a
good
sum
from
Rome
;
but
although
they
did
much
want
it
,
and
craved
it
with
much
earnestness
,
they
were
put
off
with
many
excuses
to
evade
the
promise
,
as
it
is
the
custome
of
that
Court
to
disingage
themselves
,
and
leave
those
others
engaged
who
confide
too
much
in
them
.
And
though
this
were
hush'd
up
by
the
Imperialists
,
yet
it
hath
made
them
somewhat
forgetful
of
the
obligation
the
Pope
pretended
from
this
Court
,
especially
considering
besides
this
,
that
the
Pope's
endeavour
for
the
election
of
Leopoldus
,
was
not
so
much
to
hinder
the
choice
of
any
other
,
as
out
of
this
respect
the
Pope
had
,
that
if
the
Imperial
Dignity
should
fall
on
any
other
Prince
,
it
were
not
certain
whether
the
Authority
of
the
Court
of
Rome
would
be
still
continued
over
the
German
Catholiques
,
or
whether
the
Pope's
Constitutions
would
be
observ'd
with
the
great
reverence
as
now
they
are
,
under
the
Government
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
which
hath
been
ever
very
observant
in
the
Customs
and
Manners
of
that
Court
.
I
therefore
hold
it
for
true
and
certain
,
that
the
Pope
and
Emperor
will
at
present
keep
a
fair
agreement
,
and
the
more
,
because
in
the
Treaty
of
Peace
between
the
two
Crowns
of
France
and
Spain
,
their
interests
were
little
considered
,
since
amongst
all
those
that
were
mentioned
and
comprised
,
these
were
placed
last
of
all
,
at
which
they
were
both
displeased
and
m●mured
to
themselves
;
yet
both
dislembled
this
discontent
,
which
did
in
some
manner
help
to
tie
them
the
more
strictly
to
their
former
considence
,
and
made
the
Emperour
give
ear
more
readily
to
the
Counsels
of
the
Pope
,
When
the
troubles
in
the
North
increased
.
The
Pope
knows
,
that
in
the
Emperor's
Court
perhaps
he
hath
more
credit
than
in
any
other
in
Christendome
,
which
will
make
him
put
those
designs
in
execution
,
he
hath
told
me
of
more
than
once
,
which
is
,
to
put
the
Emperour
upon
a
War
that
will
prove
advantagious
to
Christendome
by
an
easie
way
,
but
wholly
reserv'd
to
himself
.
Perhaps
the
present
juncture
of
affairs
may
render
the
thing
more
feasible
than
at
another
season
;
yet
when
his
Holiness
told
me
his
design
,
whatsoever
reflexion
I
made
,
yet
could
I
not
apprehend
either
how
or
when
it
might
be
brought
to
pass
.
Nor
do
I
believe
he
would
find
much
repugnance
on
the
Emperor's
part
,
having
a
lively
spirit
,
and
great
disposition
to
engage
upon
any
good
counsel
:
but
if
there
should
be
much
mony
required
to
carry
it
on
,
it
would
be
esteemed
a
Chymera
,
because
the
Princes
of
this
age
have
an
aversion
to
all
propositions
of
rupture
that
are
made
,
and
the
Emperour
more
than
any
,
especially
now
his
Coffers
are
drained
,
and
part
of
those
under
his
power
obey
not
their
Superiour
very
willingly
,
whilst
others
would
be
glad
to
see
him
fall
,
and
every
one
is
unwilling
to
disburse
.
The
Emperour
hath
no
other
Minister
at
Rome
but
the
Cardinal
Colonne
,
who
bearing
ever
a
great
respect
to
the
Pope
for
the
Interest
of
his
Family
,
cannot
do
his
Imperial
Majesty
any
great
service
in
his
Negotiations
,
but
all
passes
thorow
the
hands
of
the
Lord
Caraffe
,
Nuncio
in
the
Imperial
Court
,
who
exercises
that
Office
with
as
great
satisfaction
to
either
side
,
as
he
did
with
profit
,
when
he
resided
near
your
most
Serene
Lordships
.
The
French
Nation
does
,
perhaps
,
best
of
any
apprehend
the
Genious
of
the
Court
of
Rome
,
and
knows
the
readiest
ways
to
withdraw
themselves
out
of
such
inconveniencies
wherein
other
Princes
do
insenfibly
engage
themselves
.
They
esteem
and
revere
the
Apostolique
Chair
in
a
Souvereign
degree
,
and
tender
all
the
respect
that
can
be
required
from
a
Prince
truly
Catholique
and
pious
;
but
for
all
this
they
are
very
clear-sighted
and
wary
to
maintain
their
Prerogatives
,
and
prevent
the
Ecclesiastiques
,
who
at
present
endeavour
to
extend
their
power
over
all
,
from
bringing
any
prejudice
upon
them
.
No
sooner
is
any
decree
made
in
the
Sanctury
of
Rome
which
relishes
of
ambition
,
but
it
is
carefully
examined
by
the
Parliament
,
who
oftentimes
,
without
any
qualification
,
gives
judgment
against
such
decrees
,
and
after
lets
the
Court
of
Rome
cry
out
against
them
as
they
please
.
Many
times
also
upon
the
discussion
and
negative
of
what
it
contains
they
tell
the
Popes
their
Lesson
,
when
they
go
beyond
their
bounds
in
seeking
to
diminish
the
Royal
Authority
,
so
that
they
are
most
commonly
constrained
to
bow
,
and
give
satisfaction
.
Which
happens
very
rarely
,
when
the
Popes
have
to
do
with
any
other
Princes
,
how
great
soever
they
be
,
for
out
of
divers
respects
they
dare
not
use
that
liberty
of
speech
which
is
natural
to
the
French
;
which
makes
the
Popes
less
hasty
to
innovate
the
Prerogatives
of
that
Kingdome
,
knowing
that
by
bringing
in
some
Novelty
they
do
not
advance
their
business
,
but
rather
wrong
themselves
,
at
least
in
their
Reputation
if
no
other
way
,
they
being
still
obliged
either
to
relax
,
or
not
to
see
that
put
in
execution
which
they
had
resolved
upon
.
I
could
not
find
that
the
Pope
had
any
aversion
for
that
Nation
,
as
some
have
believed
,
I
onely
perceived
that
he
condemned
their
new
form
of
Government
,
because
he
thought
it
was
invented
by
Mazarin
,
the
onely
object
of
all
the
injuries
I
ever
heard
from
his
Holiness
mouth
.
But
at
the
same
time
he
complained
of
Mazarine
,
he
ever
intermixed
some
praises
of
the
King
and
Queen
,
and
somewhat
in
commendations
of
the
flourishing
state
of
that
Kingdom
,
to
whom
that
unhappiness
was
befallen
,
as
he
said
,
to
be
governed
by
one
single
Man
,
who
,
without
any
regard
to
the
publick
good
,
sought
onely
his
own
private
interest
;
but
when
the
first
news
of
the
Peace
was
spread
abroad
,
he
was
a
long
time
very
pensive
,
and
of
opinion
,
that
it
was
fit
to
take
good
consideration
of
what
passed
;
still
doubting
that
Mazarin
,
by
this
pleasing
and
welcome
news
,
had
a
design
to
lull
other
Princes
〈◇〉
,
according
to
his
usual
policy
,
and
af●e●
some
parade
of
his
good
intents
,
to
avoid
the
world's
blame
,
begin
again
a
War
with
more
fury
than
ever
.
Afterwards
,
finding
there
was
really
a
Treaty
,
and
being
confirmed
in
it
by
his
own
Ministers
,
he
could
do
no
less
than
express
some
signs
of
content
,
and
declare
,
that
having
never
asked
any
thing
of
God
with
more
affection
and
desire
than
the
making
of
this
Peace
,
it
was
indifferent
to
him
whether
it
was
brought
about
by
his
or
any
other
means
,
he
having
this
comfort
at
least
,
that
the
Articles
could
not
differ
very
much
from
those
,
which
he
a
long
time
before
by
his
many
consultations
and
ca●●s
had
framed
to
the
same
end
.
But
,
for
all
this
,
the
Pope
was
somewhat
notled
,
though
he
would
not
shew
it
,
that
it
should
be
said
,
The
Peace
was
now
brought
about
by
that
same
person
,
he
had
in
all
companies
accused
as
the
onely
dissenter
and
o●po●er
of
what
he
undertook
to
make
them
agree
upon
:
and
that
the
Spanyards
should
now
come
to
acknowledge
him
the
Author
of
the
peace
and
quiet
of
their
State
,
that
had
ever
been
their
Antagonist
,
and
oppressed
them
,
to
the
great
prejudice
of
the
Catholique
Religion
:
And
although
the
Pope
made
a
large
discourse
in
praise
of
Mazarin
,
to
the
Gentleman
that
came
to
Rome
about
the
Dispensation
for
the
Marriage
,
briefly
running
over
all
the
particulars
therein
,
and
making
it
pass
for
one
of
the
greatest
and
happiest
actions
that
ever
was
effected
by
any
of
his
Predecessors
,
or
Ministers
;
yet
upon
some
occasions
hapning
since
,
it
was
easie
to
take
notice
,
that
his
Holiness
still
retains
part
of
his
old
jealousie
;
and
were
there
no
other
proof
,
that
which
passed
concerning
the
Arch-bishop
of
Ambrun
,
Ambassador
from
the
King
of
France
to
your
most
Serene
Lordships
,
were
a
sufficient
one
,
which
hath
occasion'd
the
great
discontent
that
hath
lasted
so
long
time
,
and
cannot
yet
be
composed
.
For
the
Pope
still
pleads
this
,
that
although
there
were
many
other
men
in
France
of
greater
probity
,
and
sitter
for
that
employment
than
he
,
yet
Mazarin
would
put
it
upon
an
Ecclesiastique
,
that
so
because
of
the
integrity
required
therein
,
and
the
inconveniencies
which
would
follow
,
he
might
be
sure
to
find
out
some
occasion
of
discontent
when
he
pleased
.
Your
Lordships
cannot
believe
how
much
heat
the
Pope
shewed
in
maintaining
this
opinion
,
for
although
the
difference
were
a
trifle
,
the
action
not
being
in
it self
so
considerable
as
the
Church-men
would
have
it
to
be
,
yet
I
have
been
more
puzzled
about
it
than
in
matters
of
the
highest
importance
,
having
had
much
ado
to
perswade
the
Pope
,
not
to
believe
your
most
Serene
Lordships
took
part
rather
with
the
French
than
him
;
who
by
your
refusing
to
receive
his
Nuncio
in
a
habit
different
from
the
ordinary
garb
,
you
shewed
how
little
you
cared
the
Apostolique
Chair
should
maintain
its
Prerogatives
,
and
that
Authority
that
God
alone
can
limit
,
I
omitted
not
to
shew
his
Holiness
,
most
sincerely
that
the
end
and
onely
aim
of
your
Lordships
was
to
prevent
greater
discontents
that
might
have
followed
,
and
to
abstain
from
those
kind
of
Novelties
which
in
time
might
have
been
made
customary
.
I
intreated
some
of
the
most
considing
and
judicious
Cardinals
,
to
mediate
about
it
,
that
so
small
a
matter
might
not
make
dissention
,
but
that
your
Lordships
sincerity
might
be
looked
on
with
a
prudent
eye
.
But
the
Pope
would
not
be
satisfi'd
with
reason
,
who
continuing
his
first
complaints
,
replied
,
That
it
was
a
premeditated
business
of
Mazarin's
,
who
had
not
been
content
to
trouble
the
whole
world
by
blowing
the
coals
of
dissc●tion
and
war
,
but
would
now
,
if
he
could
,
make
them
find
bitterness
,
too
,
in
the
very
beginning
of
a
Peace
.
He
wasted
a
great
part
of
the
Audience
before
his
anger
could
be
abated
,
in
these
and
the
like
kind
of
discourses
.
And
I
doubt
whether
things
can
stand
long
as
they
are
,
unless
the
French
resolve
to
recall
their
Ambassador
from
hence
,
as
I
think
all
the
world
is
bound
to
do
what
they
can
,
to
maintain
the
Peace
by
such
common
satisfactions
,
hoping
that
hereafter
things
of
so
small
importance
shall
not
interrupt
our
greater
joy
and
quiet
.
However
,
I
think
,
notwithstanding
this
I
have
related
,
I
may
truly
tell
your
most
Serene
Lordships
,
it
is
most
likely
,
that
although
the
Pope
and
the
King
of
France
are
not
always
absolutely
satisfi'd
with
each
other
,
yet
they
would
scarce
be
brought
to
such
terms
as
should
cause
a
rupture
:
they
being
likely
to
keep
and
continue
their
amity
,
not
onely
during
the
life
of
this
Pope
and
King
,
but
of
their
Successors
.
And
there
are
two
reasons
that
oblige
me
to
believe
so
;
the
first
is
,
that
the
Popes
finding
they
cannot
introduce
their
Innovations
according
to
their
own
fancies
,
by
force
and
rigour
,
into
that
Kingdom
,
to
the
prejudice
of
the
privileges
of
the
Gallican
Church
,
and
the
notable
diminunion
of
their
Temporal
Jurisdiction
,
will
forbear
it
,
that
they
may
not
undergo
the
contempt
of
seeing
their
Decrees
rejected
,
and
their
Authority
despised
.
Whence
it
will
follow
,
that
the
Cause
ceasing
,
those
Distentions
,
which
are
the
Effects
,
will
cease
likewise
.
The
second
,
which
is
purely
Politique
,
may
be
reduced
to
this
,
That
although
the
Popes
have
acquired
great
power
over
the
Spanyard
,
by
their
having
several
times
extremely
obliged
them
,
and
do
in
their
Country
exercise
an
Authority
not
at
all
disputed
,
nevertheless
they
cannot
but
have
some
jealousie
and
fear
,
lest
that
Monarchy
should
one
day
open
its
eyes
,
and
endeavour
to
ease
themselves
of
those
great
burthens
the
Clergy
have
insensibly
laid
on
their
backs
;
and
because
if
that
should
happen
,
it
may
be
the
thunder
of
the
Censures
,
and
Temporal
power
of
the
Church
,
would
prove
insufficient
to
oppose
that
danger
.
The
Pope's
have
therefore
made
it
their
Maxim
to
keep
the
Amity
of
the
French
,
as
a
means
thereby
to
help
themselves
in
case
there
should
any
change
or
stirs
happen
on
the
House
of
Austria
.
Some
Cardinals
have
at
times
entertained
me
with
discourse
on
this
subject
,
not
in
such
plain
terms
,
but
however
in
such
a
way
,
that
I
could
easily
perceive
that
they
see
clearer
and
farther
then
some
Princes
imagine
they
do
.
When
ever
the
French
,
laying
aside
their
suspition
of
the
Clergies
covertousness
,
shall
endeavour
or
desire
to
be
at
greater
amity
with
the
Court
of
Rome
,
there
is
no
cause
to
fear
but
it
would
succeed
,
because
of
their
conformity
in
Religion
,
and
because
of
their
own
interest
:
who
,
if
they
should
trouble
the
peace
of
Rome
,
would
compel
them
to
unite
themselves
more
firmly
with
the
Spanyard
,
a
thing
the
French
will
endeavour
to
obstruct
as
much
as
possibly
they
can
.
If
we
should
judge
of
things
according
to
the
interest
of
the
Court
of
Rome
,
and
Pope
Alexander's
inclination
,
we
need
not
doubt
but
the
Spanyards
possess
the
affection
of
his
Holiness
more
than
any
other
.
The
interest
of
the
Court
of
Rome
consists
in
this
,
that
for
the
most
part
,
the
mony
wherewith
it
is
glutted
above
all
the
other
Cities
in
Italy
,
comes
in
greatest
abundance
from
the
States
of
the
Catholique
King
,
where
the
Ecclesiastical
Tribunal
is
held
in
Sovereign
veneration
,
all
the
States
of
that
Monarchy
having
their
recourse
thither
,
to
the
great
profit
of
the
Officers
,
who
have
a
share
in
the
First-fruits
and
many
other
things
,
according
to
their
Quality
,
and
their
Offices
.
And
as
for
the
Pope's
inclination
,
provided
he
otherwise
have
a
general
zeal
for
the
good
of
Christendom
,
and
the
propagation
of
the
Faith
,
and
that
he
remain
stedfast
in
these
two
things
,
as
I
believe
he
doth
,
I
think
he
may
and
ought
to
have
a
more
particular
affection
for
that
Nation
,
whose
Maxim
it
is
,
Not
to
admit
of
any
other
Religion
in
their
Dominions
but
the
Roman
Catholique
,
and
employing
all
the
power
they
have
to
advance
it
:
But
in
truth
,
things
are
not
carri'd
thus
,
for
whether
the
Court
of
Rome
believes
that
all
the
Spanyards
do
in
pretence
of
Religion
is
rather
out
of
self-interest
,
or
whether
this
Court
is
perswaded
they
ought
absolutely
to
rule
over
those
that
will
never
fall
foul
on
her
,
how
great
soever
the
inconveniencies
are
they
lie
under
,
it
is
ever
observ'd
in
all
the
differences
arising
betwixt
Rome
and
Spain
,
that
after
a
great
and
long
contest
,
the
Agreement
is
most
commonly
made
to
the
Popes
content
,
and
the
diminution
of
somewhat
of
the
Catholique
King's
pretences
;
and
when
businesses
have
thus
hapned
to
the
disadvantage
of
that
Monarchy
,
other
Princes
have
also
received
a
notable
prejudice
thereby
:
for
when
the
Pope
or
his
Ministers
have
once
carri'd
so
high
a
hand
over
the
Spanyard
as
to
make
him
yield
,
they
presently
make
use
of
the
opportunity
to
quell
or
confound
those
that
would
do
otherwise
,
or
at
least
to
induce
them
not
to
refuse
that
,
to
which
so
great
a
Monarchy
as
Spain
hath
acquiesc'd
.
This
stratagem
may
be
effectual
when
they
treat
with
inferior
Princes
,
who
are
not
able
upon
every
contest
they
have
with
Rome
to
take
Arms
:
but
both
the
Pope
and
his
Ministers
decline
all
these
ways
,
when
they
have
to
deal
with
the
French
,
who
,
when
the
Clergy
press'd
them
,
by
this
example
of
the
Spanyards
,
to
condescend
to
things
which
were
prejudicial
to
them
,
soon
gave
them
an
answer
which
stopped
their
mouthes
:
Nay
my self
being
once
earnestly
sollicited
to
press
your
Lordships
for
a
revocation
of
the
Ordinance
,
which
prohibits
the
Clergy
from
purchasing
any
immovables
,
upon
an
example
alleaged
of
the
practise
of
Spai●
,
and
the
other
Territories
of
his
Catholique
Majesty
,
did
give
for
answer
,
That
the
reasons
which
oblig'd
that
great
and
vast
Monarchy
to
suffer
it
,
were
not
current
here
,
because
this
Republique
being
but
a
petty
or
little
State
,
and
the
Clergy
extraordinarily
encreased
in
wealth
,
if
they
were
suffered
still
to
purchase
and
never
to
alienate
,
our
posterity
could
expect
no
other
than
to
be
one
day
driven
out
of
this
Venice
is
built
on
a
Marsh
.
Marsh
,
and
and
perhaps
out
of
all
her
Territories
on
the
firm
Land
.
And
to
this
are
all
those
Principalities
reduc'd
,
who
,
not
content
with
that
subjection
they
owe
the
Church
of
Rome
,
as
the
Universal
Mother
of
Christians
,
have
submitted
to
,
and
followed
the
Pope's
desires
in
things
indifferent
:
not
that
they
do
at
once
demand
several
things
of
difficulty
,
but
sometimes
one
thing
and
then
another
,
and
thus
by
little
and
little
they
gain
so
much
as
doth
both
diminish
and
limit
the
Temporal
Power
:
and
so
when
Princes
shall
think
themselves
Masters
,
they
will
find
their
Authority
so
eclips'd
and
manacl'd
,
that
they
will
be
astonish'd
to
see
another
master
them
at
their
own
homes
.
Those
who
are
acquainted
with
their
extortions
at
Naples
,
and
perhaps
in
all
the
other
Dominions
of
Spain
,
of
the
Officers
of
the
Roman
Treasury
,
as
well
in
matters
of
A
certain
Fee
levi'd
by
the
Ecclesiastical
Chamber
at
the
death
of
a
Clergy-man
that
hath
no
power
to
make
a
Will
.
Despoiling
,
as
in
the
gathering
up
of
what
is
raised
for
the
Fabrick
of
St.
Peter
,
which
they
also
impose
on
meer
Laicks
,
cannot
but
admire
,
that
the
Ministers
of
Spain
should
be
so
drousie
,
as
not
to
observe
with
what
Empire
void
of
all
discretion
,
and
with
what
insolency
they
treat
the
Persons
and
Goods
of
their
Subjects
Let
your
most
serene
Signory
,
therefore
,
give
thanks
to
the
Divine
Bounty
,
that
hath
preserved
her
from
these
confusions
,
and
given
her
the
purdence
and
courage
to
defend
both
her self
and
Subjects
from
the
violence
of
such
Strangers
,
confirming
her
ever
in
the
antient
and
true
Faith
;
but
also
giving
her
at
the
same
time
the
judgment
to
discern
what
is
due
to
Caesar
,
and
what
to
God
.
It
is
certain
,
that
if
the
Spaniards
still
keep
their
eyes
as
close
shut
as
they
have
hitherto
done
,
they
cannot
expect
so
great
a
Tempest
from
any
other
part
as
from
the
Court
of
Rome
,
when
upon
any
accident
there
shall
arise
dissention
amongst
them
,
because
those
people
that
are
Subjects
to
the
Austria●
Family
being
hugely
possessed
with
Religion
,
and
fully
perswaded
,
that
the
Sanctuary
of
Rome
is
that
alone
which
can
either
bestow
or
deprive
them
of
Eternal
Salvation
,
if
in
the
commencement
of
a
rupture
the
Popes
should
proceed
to
Excommunication
,
or
a
Revocation
of
Indulgences
which
they
have
liberally
allowed
the
Catholique
Kings
,
it
is
beyond
all
doubt
that
a
general
combustion
would
follow
thereupon
,
which
might
occasion
the
revolt
of
all
the
Subjects
of
that
great
Empire
,
and
so
the
forfeir
of
the
peace
and
security
of
the
Spanyards
would
flow
from
his
too
great
obedience
,
wherein
they
imagine
their
chief
strength
and
power
does
consist
.
But
perhaps
likewise
the
good
Genious
of
those
Kingdomes
will
suggest
such
means
as
may
prevent
these
inconveniencies
,
and
(
the
present
Age
not
having
been
happy
in
that
Monarchy
,
by
reason
of
the
few
virtuous
Men
that
have
been
her
late
Souvereigns
)
future
Ages
may
produce
more
excellent
ones
,
and
compense
her
past
disorders
,
by
preventing
those
which
might
happen
probably
to
her
hereafter
.
In
effect
,
if
with
attention
we
consider
the
present
posture
of
things
in
the
world
,
it
greatly
concerns
Christendome
to
have
a
Potent
Prince
,
who
in
such
dangers
,
whereinto
the
power
of
the
Turks
may
in
an
instant
and
unprovided
cast
her
,
might
suddenly
make
head
against
them
without
making
of
Leagues
and
expecting
Foreign
aid
,
which
cannot
be
compessed
but
by
length
of
time
,
and
is
a
great
retardment
.
And
if
Christendome
had
had
in
this
present
juncture
of
things
a
powerful
Prince
to
have
thus
succour'd
her
,
perhaps
your
most
Serene
Signory
had
not
been
reduc'd
to
the
condition
she
is
now
in
:
And
,
notwithstanding
,
on
her
security
depends
all
what
the
Monarchy
of
Spain
possesses
in
Italy
.
But
to
return
to
what
I
said
,
Pope
Alexander
is
not
ignorant
of
all
those
reasons
he
hath
to
make
him
love
Spain
and
her
King
;
and
does
often
tell
this
to
the
Ministers
of
other
Princes
;
but
in
such
a
manner
however
,
as
if
it
seemed
that
the
benefits
which
the
Court
of
Rome
receiveth
from
the
Spanyards
were
not
so
considerable
,
as
to
hinder
the
Pope
from
denying
them
from
time
to
time
those
favours
which
they
crave
of
him
,
as
having
authority
not
to
grant
all
to
those
Children
he
most
tenders
what
they
shall
desire
,
but
onely
that
which
will
be
for
their
greatest
good
,
and
highest
,
spiritual
,
advantage
.
His
Holiness
hath
made
complaint
,
for
that
the
Spanish
Ministers
have
been
too
reserved
and
secret
towards
him
,
i●
not
communicating
to
him
the
Treaty
of
Peace
,
pretending
that
having
ever
believed
the
Propositions
on
their
part
were
more
plausible
than
those
which
were
shaped
in
Mazarin's
Closet
,
they
did
him
wrong
in
observing
so
rigorously
that
Seal
of
Secresie
which
Mazarin
had
imposed
on
them
:
And
although
they
endeavour
all
they
can
to
calm
his
discontented
thoughts
thereupon
,
urging
that
it
was
conceal'd
in
the
same
manner
from
the
Emperour
;
and
even
from
the
Republique
,
which
had
been
so
long
time
employ'd
about
the
Treaty
.
He
is
not
,
however
,
satisfi'd
with
this
excuse
,
but
replies
,
That
they
ought
to
make
a
difference
between
Secular
Princes
and
a
Pope
,
who
aimed
at
no
other
thing
but
to
find
out
the
means
to
give
that
content
to
all
Christendom
,
and
not
have
left
that
honour
to
a
man
who
had
studi'd
all
the
devices
imaginable
to
obstruct
so
great
a
happiness
.
After
all
this
,
I
conclude
,
that
the
Pope
hath
just
reason
to
love
the
Spanyards
,
not
so
much
because
they
contributed
to
his
Exaltation
,
as
because
th●●
Arms
have
put
a
stop
to
the
fury
of
Heretiques
,
and
their
Country
brings
in
the
Riches
and
opulency
to
the
Court
of
Rome
;
and
I
believe
he
doth
truly
love
them
,
but
having
found
that
his
Predecessors
had
taken
the
way
to
have
most
commonly
some
contests
with
the
Catholique
Court
,
he
will
not
swerve
from
it
,
esteeming
these
disputes
do
in
some
respects
encrease
the
reputation
of
the
Court
of
Rome
,
and
from
thence
hath
a
fair
opportunity
to
gain
an
esteem
of
other
Princes
;
not
declining
my
former
Proposition
,
That
the
more
the
Spanyards
condescend
to
the
Pope's
will
,
the
more
will
they
prejudice
themselves
,
and
the
Obligations
they
do
acknowledge
to
be
due
from
them
to
the
Apostolique
Sear
,
may
one
day
produce
most
dangerous
effects
,
unless
they
fore-arm
themselves
by
such
precautious
means
,
as
they
shall
judge
most
proper
against
the
pretensions
of
the
Ecclesiastiques
,
thereby
to
put
their
Monarchy
in
a
better
posture
of
security
.
The
King
of
Poland
subsists
because
God
hath
assisted
him
:
For
otherwise
,
had
he
reli'd
on
those
hopes
the
Court
of
Rome
had
given
him
to
supply
him
with
Money
,
his
enemies
had
triumph'd
over
him
,
and
the
total
loss
of
that
Kingdom
would
have
been
such
a
leading
to
other
Provinces
,
as
might
have
wrought
the
manifest
danger
of
establishing
a
Power
in
those
parts
which
would
have
become
formidable
to
all
Europe
.
God
be
praised
that
we
are
so
happy
as
to
see
every
one
returning
to
his
own
home
again
,
his
neighbouring
Princes
beginning
to
stickle
in
that
War
,
as
they
ought
to
do
;
whereas
nothing
to
purpose
could
have
been
expected
from
them
,
had
the
pressing
affairs
of
Christendom
summoned
them
to
the
defence
of
their
own
States
.
The
Pope
talks
loudly
of
the
good
Offices
he
did
for
the
Religion
and
Countries
of
the
Catholique
Princes
at
that
juncture
.
But
the
Polonians
and
Imperialists
speak
otherwise
;
they
profess
,
that
at
the
heighth
of
all
the
War
they
found
no
great
benefit
in
the
exhortations
of
his
Holiness
,
which
served
for
nothing
else
but
onely
to
perswade
their
Enemies
they
had
not
so
little
amity
for
them
,
but
that
they
would
send
them
succour
from
Rome
.
And
it
was
this
noise
and
nothing
else
that
made
it
believed
,
the
Catholique
Forces
were
so
much
greater
than
indeed
they
were
.
In
the
mean
time
,
King
Casimir
,
a
good
Souldier
and
good
Catholique
,
finding
at
present
his
losses
are
nothing
so
great
,
as
he
had
cause
to
fear
they
would
prove
,
gives
the
Pope
thanks
for
what
he
hath
done
,
and
to
please
him
the
more
tells
him
,
That
the
very
words
of
his
Holiness
were
not
ineffectual
for
his
assistance
.
The
Duke
of
Savoy
hath
had
no
Minister
at
Rome
since
some
discontent
given
him
in
Pope
Innocent's
time
:
and
,
indeed
,
considering
the
little
busines●
he
hath
there
,
he
needs
not
entertain
any
.
The
present
Pope
,
who
seeks
by
all
means
and
ways
to
add
lustre
and
glory
to
that
Court
,
which
he
thinks
does
consist
much
in
the
number
of
such
Ministers
as
reside
there
on
the
behalf
of
other
Princes
,
hath
declared
,
that
he
should
be
much
pleased
to
have
an
Ambassadour
from
that
Duke
,
as
from
a
Prince
to
whom
the
Church
is
much
oblig'd
:
This
he
made
known
obliquely
to
Madam
and
the
Duke
her
Son
,
who
found
it
fitting
to
content
his
Holiness
herein
,
who
would
be
willing
likewise
to
add
lustre
to
that
Family
,
were
there
any
of
them
at
present
worthy
of
the
Purple
,
to
lay
the
furer
foundation
for
the
posterity
of
the
Chigi
,
upon
which
a
certain
Marquis
,
de
la
Mojette
,
a
very
complete
Cavalier
,
presenting
himself
at
Rome
in
quality
of
Ambassador
,
the
Pope
express'd
a
great
deal
of
satisfaction
thereupon
.
The
name
of
the
Grand
Duke
of
Toscany
is
agreeable
to
the
whole
Court
,
the
Pope
esteems
him
,
and
in
the
Consistory
hath
more
than
once
spoken
of
his
Highness
with
a
great
deal
of
honour
,
perhaps
because
being
born
his
Subject
,
and
the
most
part
of
his
kindred
being
within
his
jurisdiction
,
he
believes
,
that
as
well
out
of
the
respect
to
his
birth
,
as
from
the
consideration
of
what
may
happen
,
he
ought
to
have
all
that
esteem
for
him
which
he
is
worthy
of
.
In
which
this
Pope
is
more
praise-worthy
than
the
three
Popes
his
predecessors
,
which
were
Clement
VIII
,
Pa●●
V
,
and
Urban
the
VIII
,
who
although
they
were
born
in
Toscany
,
did
so
utterly
forget
what
they
owed
to
their
Country
,
and
those
who
were
the
Princes
of
it
,
that
they
could
not
be
excused
of
ingratitude
;
but
because
it
is
the
natural
vice
of
Priests
,
few
men
reflect
upon
it
;
and
nevertheless
this
is
the
cause
that
Princes
themselves
do
not
know
whether
they
ought
to
be
glad
that
one
of
their
Subjects
is
advanced
to
the
Sovereign
Ecclesiastical
Dignity
.
These
two
Princes
for
some
other
kind
of
interests
receive
not
that
satisfaction
which
they
ought
to
have
,
he
that
commands
at
Rome
never
failing
to
clash
sometimes
with
one
of
them
,
and
sometimes
the
other
Prince
,
and
that
perhaps
to
shew
they
are
treated
alike
,
and
so
the
one
hath
no
more
cause
to
applaud
the
Government
than
the
other
.
But
for
all
this
they
negotiate
confidently
,
and
as
both
have
the
repute
of
being
prudent
,
they
communicate
and
consult
together
when
those
two
Courts
have
any
thing
of
difference
,
which
doth
not
a
little
serve
to
preserve
and
maintain
their
amity
.
Although
the
Genoese
,
after
they
had
been
some
time
without
a
Minister
at
Rome
,
because
in
this
Pope's
time
they
had
been
,
as
it
were
,
excluded
from
their
pretences
,
have
of
late
sent
one
thither
with
some
hopes
of
being
better
heard
for
the
future
:
yet
I
can
hardly
believe
the
Pope
will
inovate
any
thing
in
their
favour
,
for
fear
of
causing
some
disturbance
amongst
the
other
Princes
,
who
not
thinking
themselves
inferiour
,
would
not
suffer
them
to
enjoy
greater
Prerogatives
than
themselves
.
Every
one
said
at
Rome
,
that
this
Republique
desiring
more
grandeur
than
she
already
hath
,
would
suddenly
disburse
some
great
sum
to
obtain
it
,
which
might
thereupon
be
granted
,
by
covering
the
Contract
they
might
make
by
some
specious
pretence
.
All
this
may
be
;
but
the
fairest
and
the
honestest
way
,
in
my
opinion
,
would
be
to
engage
them
to
succour
this
Republique
with
their
Squadions
,
provided
they
did
not
require
a
greater
acknowledgment
for
this
than
were
due
.
The
Duke
of
Parma
,
after
the
fair
words
they
have
given
him
,
finds
they
do
in
effect
deny
the
satisfaction
due
to
his
just
desires
,
which
tend
to
furnish
him
wherewith
to
redeem
his
Estate
of
Castro
again
.
I
did
not
omit
,
having
your
Lordships
Orders
,
to
acquit
my self
of
those
devoirs
to
which
I
was
oblig'd
,
both
by
the
justice
of
his
cause
,
and
your
commands
.
But
after
they
had
turned
me
every
way
with
ambiguous
words
,
I
found
that
somewhat
more
effectual
was
required
to
bring
it
to
pass
.
It
cannot
be
deni'd
in
truth
,
but
they
do
very
much
wrong
this
Duke
,
for
though
in
the
Apostolique
Chamber
they
have
made
an
Act
which
adjudges
this
Estate
forfeit
,
if
he
redeem
it
not
within
a
certain
prefixed
time
,
yet
this
Pope
,
of
a
milder
and
more
temperate
humour
than
Innocent
was
,
ought
rather
to
follow
the
rules
of
Equity
than
the
rigour
of
the
Law
,
by
considering
,
that
this
Estate
is
worth
two
thirds
more
than
what
it
is
engaged
for
,
and
that
it
could
not
happen
in
a
worser
time
for
him
to
do
it
,
than
since
the
Contract
was
made
,
all
Lombardy
having
been
in
Arms
,
and
he
moreover
necessitated
to
secure
that
Estate
at
his
own
charges
,
although
it
were
a
Feof
belonging
to
the
Church
,
which
hath
been
a
very
great
expence
to
him
.
But
when
one
treats
with
those
of
the
Apostolique
Chamber
of
any
thing
that
concerns
their
interest
,
one
can
neither
be
heard
,
nor
ever
get
any
thing
from
them
upon
the
account
of
reason
.
It
is
is
therefore
the
interest
of
all
Crowns
,
having
consider'd
the
●●nour
of
the
clauses
of
this
Contract
,
to
find
out
some
way
to
relieve
the
Duke
of
this
enormous
g●ievance
;
and
this
would
be
best
done
by
the
Spanyards
,
to
take
away
all
those
seeds
of
discord
from
Italy
,
which
might
arise
from
the
like
discontents
:
which
should
it
happen
,
the
panyards
would
receive
the
greatest
prejudice
thereby
,
as
having
most
to
loose
.
But
one
good
word
from
the
Pope
makes
them
pass
by
any
thing
,
and
keeps
them
from
doing
or
saying
ought
that
may
displease
him
in
the
least
:
and
I
perceive
already
,
that
the
new
Ambassadour
from
Spain
,
D.
Lewis
Ponze
de
Leon
,
is
come
with
a
design
not
to
negotiate
any
thing
but
what
shall
please
the
Pope
;
and
for
this
reason
will
permit
the
Duke
to
owe
the
whole
obligation
of
this
business
to
Strangers
,
who
afterwards
,
and
that
with
reason
,
shall
be
recompensed
for
it
upon
occasion
.
This
which
I
have
said
of
the
Duke
of
Parma
may
be
appli'd
likewise
to
the
Duke
of
Mrlena
,
who
alleges
the
greatest
reasons
in
the
world
upon
the
Subject
of
Comacchio●
and
what
is
annexed
to
it
.
This
process
hath
been
depending
before
the
Court
Tribunals
above
sixty
years
,
and
yet
they
cannot
obtain
a
Sentence
that
the
demands
of
the
House
of
Este
are
unjust
,
although
the
greatest
Lawyers
of
our
times
have
used
all
their
Art
to
find
out
some
plea
that
might
make
them
let
fall
their
pretences
,
or
at
least
weaken
and
invalidate
them
,
and
support
the
Chamber's
claim
.
All
that
the
Counsellors
could
do
,
who
never
want
evasions
to
spin
out
a
business
,
hath
been
to
prolong
this
same
.
And
it
hath
hapned
several
times
,
when
they
were
brought
to
terms
of
concluding
it
by
some
fair
composition
,
at
the
very
nick
of
time
when
they
were
just
ending
,
they
have
started
some
new
exceptions
to
un●avel
it
again
,
insomuch
that
this
Suit
hath
lasted
already
,
as
I
said
,
above
threescore
years
.
But
it
were
convenient
,
that
at
this
time
when
the
flames
of
an
universal
War
are
extinguished
,
these
sparks
,
which
might
perhaps
bring
all
into
a
combustion
again
,
should
be
put
out
likewise
:
and
it
were
reasonable
too
,
those
Crowns
should
employ
their
authority
and
power
to
make
them
leave
of
that
base
and
vile
avarice
which
is
displeasing
to
the
whole
world
.
But
unless
they
go
about
it
roundly
,
and
speak
to
the
purpose
in
express
terms
,
laying
aside
all
civility
,
it
will
be
difficult
to
bring
this
about
,
the
affairs
of
the
Chamber
of
Rome
being
a
Gulf
that
swallo
vs
all
one
hath
,
and
whence
nothing
can
be
redeemed
no
more
than
from
Hell
.
The
Duke
of
Mantoua
is
held
in
some
consideration
at
Rome
by
reason
of
the
Estate
〈◇〉
possesses
,
which
should
oblige
all
Italians
to
wish
him
prosperity
,
as
the
Pope
doth
,
who
does
herein
agree
with
the
other
Princes
of
Italy
.
But
otherwise
he
cares
little
for
this
Court
,
by
reason
of
the
little
businesses
he
hath
there
.
Nor
does
the
Court
on
their
side
make
any
great
reflexion
on-his
person
.
They
consider
or
look
upon
him
as
a
Prince
,
who
cannot
do
better
than
to
follow
the
stream
with
others
,
that
is
to
say
,
accommodate
himself
to
the
Gusto
of
those
who
are
most
puissant
in
Italy
,
and
particularly
your
Signory
:
for
in
keeping
close
and
well
to
hor
,
he
does
at
the
same
time
do
well
both
for
himself
and
the
general
good
.
We
are
now
come
to
the
last
,
but
most
important
Chapter
of
this
Relation
,
in
which
I
am
to
discover
,
both
what
is
in
the
Pope's
mind
concerning
the
interests
of
your
most
Seren
:
Republique
,
and
what
good
may
be
hoped
for
from
him
,
or
what
hurt
may
be
feared
,
if
it
should
please
God
to
allow
him
a
longer
life
than
his
constitution
seems
to
promise
.
And
if
from
the
Confident
and
familiar
conversation
of
a
great
Prince
with
the
Minister
or
another
,
one
may
make
a
certain
judgment
of
his
intentions
,
I
cannot
believe
any
other
but
that
your
Signory
may
hope
much
from
him
,
not
things
of
that
im●ortance
or
quality
that
you
have
just
need
of
,
but
at
least
such
things
as
may
suffice
to
maintain
a
peaceable
corespondence
,
and
beget
mutual
Offices
of
Ami●y
,
still
accompani'd
with
the
beauty
desires
of
beholding
each
others
prosperity
;
For
,
in
truth
,
I
cannot
say
but
his
Holiness
treated
with
me
with
all
kind
of
civility
and
good
will
;
and
as
for
those
things
which
be
judged
blamable
,
as
such
actions
,
as
having
been
perhaps
misreported
,
he
thought
worthy
of
censure
;
he
hath
ever
done
it
with
so
much
modesty
and
circumspection
,
that
I
fear
I
should
erre
should
I
think
otherwise
:
because
his
Holiness
hath
ever
spoken
of
your
sage
Government
in
fair
terms
,
having
declared
it
was
guided
and
administred
with
much
Justice
and
Honesty
.
Yet
I
took
notice
that
he
every
day
made
some
steps
towards
the
design
he
had
to
oppose
your
Lordship's
wills
;
and
though
he
never
changed
his
tone
of
speech
in
treating
with
me
,
yet
it
was
easie
to
see
that
he
had
given
place
to
some
sinister
impressions
,
which
abated
the
good
opinion
he
was
wont
to
have
naturally
for
this
State
.
His
first
words
were
upon
my
representing
to
him
the
great
and
pressing
necessities
your
Republique
underwent
by
the
expences
of
the
War
;
That
your
most
Serene
Lordships
would
not
accept
of
those
Propositions
that
might
in
part
have
eased
you
,
as
that
in
suspending
some
useless
Religious
Orders
,
which
being
once
effected
had
much
diminished
the
Publique
charge
,
there
being
yet
a
new
way
to
bring
about
this
benefit
,
if
the
Republique
would
but
suffer
the
Ecclesiastique
Order
by
little
and
little
to
repair
the
losses
they
now
sustained
by
the
alienation
of
their
●●lates
,
which
might
be
done
by
revoking
the
Ordinance
which
forbad
that
Order
to
purchase
any
:
upon
which
I
shall
not
deseant
any
more
,
having
written
so
much
already
thereof
,
that
your
most
Serene
Lordships
have
just
cause
to
be
tired
:
But
whatever
I
could
say
,
it
was
impossible
for
me
to
perswade
him
,
but
that
this
Ordinance
would
produce
the
bad
effects
he
imagin'd
.
Sometimes
he
would
take
occasion
to
complain
,
that
there
were
such
disputes
and
practises
between
the
chief
Commanders
of
the
Army
,
that
it
hindred
the
Republique
from
being
well
served
,
and
that
the
moneys
were
not
well
administred
,
for
that
those
that
manag'd
it
made
so
much
profit
themselves
,
that
it
much
damnifi'd
the
Publique
,
and
that
the
same
Commanders
less
careful
of
doing
their
duty
than
of
making
advantage
,
by
way
of
Trade
,
of
those
Commodities
they
transported
to
the
Levant
,
were
the
cause
that
the
Publique
,
which
required
the
entire
application
of
her
Commanders
,
received
a
great
prejudice
thereby
.
All
which
things
without
doubt
proceeded
from
the
Mouth
or
Pen
of
the
Prior
Bichi
,
who
to
hide
or
cloke
his
own
defects
,
exposed
those
of
others
.
From
thence
the
Pope
took
occasion
to
complain
,
that
the
Republique
in
her
necessities
made
her
address
to
none
but
the
Apostolique
Chair
,
and
he
for
his
part
had
no
greater
care
than
to
furnish
them
with
assistance
,
and
that
if
every
Prince
,
according
to
the
proportion
of
his
power
,
would
but
do
as
much
as
the
Court
of
Rome
,
your
Republique
would
be
sufficiently
provided
both
for
the
Defensive
and
the
Offensive
:
and
hereupon
he
began
to
make
a
long
enumeration
of
those
Charges
the
Apostolique
Chamber
was
subject
to
,
and
in
this
discourse
,
which
was
full
of
equivocations
,
as
I
sent
word
to
your
most
Serene
Lordships
,
he
was
larger
than
enough
to
tire
any
one
.
He
said
moreover
,
that
at
present
the
Peace
was
made
between
the
two
Crowns
,
and
if
they
could
formerly
find
out
Treasure
enough
for
a
War
whereby
to
ruine
one
another
,
they
might
better
do
it
to
assist
this
Republique
,
which
was
become
the
Frontier
of
all
Christendom
against
the
Turks
:
That
your
Signory
ought
to
have
a
great
and
particular
confidence
in
the
French
,
seeing
the
partiality
she
had
shewed
for
them
,
when
she
gave
them
all
the
satisfaction
they
desired
,
tacitly
alluding
to
what
I
related
that
hapned
about
the
Ambassador's
Rochet
.
And
thus
we
onely
lost
time
in
these
discourses
at
the
last
Audience
,
with
little
benefit
to
the
Publique
:
but
it
hath
now
been
certainly
made
known
to
me
,
that
if
the
Pope
hath
been
hitherto
flow
in
performing
that
devoir
,
more
incumbent
upon
him
than
any
other
whatsoever
,
he
will
be
yet
flower
hereafter
,
since
he
believes
he
hath
gone
farther
than
any
other
in
his
obligations
of
opposing
the
common
Enemy
.
This
is
that
which
makes
him
unwilling
to
hear
of
the
sending
an
Extraordinary
Ambassador
to
Rome
,
imagining
he
would
go
with
the
design
also
of
obtaining
some
extraordinary
succom
:
which
,
to
say
truth
,
I
see
the
Pope
very
little
inclined
to
grant
,
not
to
say
,
obstinately
resolved
to
refuse
it
,
because
,
indeed
,
there
is
no
mony
.
If
they
think
he
will
erect
any
Banques
to
get
it
for
them
,
I
do
not
believe
it
;
for
besides
,
his
Holiness
pleases
himself
in
expending
what
arises
from
the
few
there
are
in
such
things
wherein
he
takes
a
great
delight
,
as
in
Buildings
,
and
adorning
of
Churches
,
together
with
all
accommodations
for
his
Dwelling-house
:
and
if
he
should
dispose
himself
to
do
somewhat
more
than
ordinary
,
I
do
not
think
he
would
use
any
other
liberality
but
what
costs
him
nought
,
which
is
an
increase
of
the
Impositions
of
the
Clergy
of
this
State
,
which
is
known
to
be
already
so
bare
,
that
it
hath
nothing
left
but
the
bones
:
and
that
is
just
a
helping
of
us
with
our
own
proper
goods
,
although
it
be
not
desired
that
we
should
say
so
at
Rome
;
for
they
would
have
us
believe
,
that
whatever
belongs
to
the
Priests
in
what
Country
soever
,
appertains
to
them
.
When
the
time
of
my
departure
approached
,
I
found
the
Pope
somewhat
more
mild
.
He
gave
thanks
to
God
again
for
the
Conclusion
of
the
Peace
,
and
testifi'd
,
that
he
had
a
better
opinion
of
the
affairs
in
the
Levant
for
the
future
,
alleaging
the
reason
which
I
have
noted
,
which
was
,
that
his
heart
told
him
,
that
your
Republique
would
never
lay
down
their
Arms
till
they
had
defeated
the
Turks
,
and
obtained
some
signal
Victory
over
them
.
I
guess
,
that
he
said
this
to
me
,
onely
to
encourage
your
Lordships
,
that
so
they
might
refuse
any
kind
of
Treaty
that
might
be
prejudical
judicial
to
Christendom
;
or
perhaps
he
propounded
some
League
to
himself
,
either
with
the
Imperial
Court
,
or
that
of
Poland
:
I
cannot
aver
this
,
but
I
incline
to
believe
the
first
rather
,
because
the
Pope
would
hardly
find
any
Princes
in
those
parts
that
would
confide
in
his
promises
;
nor
would
they
engage
themselves
in
any
enterprize
without
a
sum
in
hand
,
that
might
assure
them
not
to
be
deserted
,
when
they
were
once
enter'd
upon
it
.
At
my
departure
,
after
he
had
stood
much
upon
my
praises
,
wherein
I
had
rather
he
would
have
been
more
sparing
,
provided
he
had
shewed
himself
more
liberal
in
his
favours
towards
your
most
Serene
Republique
,
he
enjoyned
me
to
remember
,
to
represent
these
four
things
to
you
:
The
first
,
That
you
should
endeavour
to
suppress
,
or
take
up
those
differences
at
the
Tribunal
of
the
Inquisition
at
Padua
,
which
are
still
in
contest
,
to
the
great
scandal
of
all
those
that
hear
of
that
matter
:
His
Holiness
told
it
me
just
so
,
without
any
reflexion
on
it
.
But
when
your
Signory
resolves
to
meddle
with
those
interests
,
there
must
be
some
important
reason
that
shall
induce
you
thereto
.
This
order
was
very
unpleasing
to
me
,
because
it
concerns
a
matter
nor
suiting
at
all
with
my
genious
,
and
about
which
much
noise
hath
been
made
.
The
second
,
That
the
security
of
the
Navigation
in
the
Adriatique
Sea
should
be
more
Carefully
look'd
after
,
for
he
complained
,
that
there
was
no
Trade
in
the
port
of
Ancona
,
the
Merchants
not
being
secure
in
their
passage
with
their
goods
,
by
reason
of
the
Reprisals
those
Pirats
of
Dulcigno
do
make
,
their
robberies
,
allarming
the
whole
Coasts
of
the
Marca●
He
added
,
that
if
during
the
continuance
of
the
War
with
the
Turk
,
your
Signory
would
suffer
them
to
keep
two
Gallies
in
the
Port
of
Ancona
,
it
should
be
done
as
soon
as
the
Squadron
returned
from
the
Levant
.
The
third
,
That
it
would
please
your
Lordships
to
forbear
interposing
their
judgments
in
matters
Ecclesiastical
,
as
they
do
from
time
to
time
,
which
offends
and
infringes
the
Ecclesiastical
Jurisdiction
,
and
makes
them
run
themselves
imprudently
into
censorious
inferences
,
not
minding
the
disgraces
hapning
daily
thereupon
:
He
pressed
me
much
to
oblige
you
likewise
to
moderate
some
of
your
Ordinances
.
The
fourth
,
that
your
Signory
would
favour
the
Father
Jesuits
with
their
protection
in
those
occurrences
that
may
happen
,
because
the
seeds
of
that
hatred
conceived
against
them
,
remaining
yet
in
the
hearts
of
some
that
do
not
well
know
them
,
it
may
be
easie
,
but
it
would
prove
no
act
of
generosity
,
said
the
Pope
to
me
,
to
lay
some
ambush
by
calumny
or
impostures
against
them
,
which
are
to
be
look'd
upon
with
an
indifferent
eye
,
and
being
found
out
should
be
repulsed
.
I
promised
to
observe
punctually
what
his
Holiness
had
commanded
me
,
and
to
represent
what
he
desired
to
your
Lordships
.
You
may
be
pleased
to
see
and
consider
wherein
you
can
favour
his
Holiness
,
having
so
great
judgment
as
cannot
erre
;
which
concluded
his
last
Audience
,
adding
thereto
his
Paternal
Benediction
which
he
bestowed
upon
your
Lordships
and
my self
,
with
his
best
wishes
,
and
a
presage
of
victories
and
perpetual
prosperities
.