AN
ABSTRACT
OVT
Of
the
Records
of
the
Tower
,
touching
the
Kings
Revenue
.
THE
Kings
of
England
have
supported
and
repaired
their
estates
,
either
-
1.
By
annuall
proportioning
their
Issues
and
Expences
with
their
certaine
and
casuall
Revenues
,
and
that
either
by
-
1.
Advice
of
their
privie
Councell
,
Or
,
-
2.
Parliament
.
-
2.
By
abating
and
reforming
the
excesse
of
-
1.
Houshold
.
-
2.
Retinue
and
Favorites
.
-
3.
Gifts
and
Rewards
.
-
3.
By
raising
of
Money
,
and
improving
the
Revenues
of
the
Crowne
,
and
that
either
by
the
-
1.
Grant
of
the
Subject
,
Or
,
-
2.
Power
absolute
in
the
Soveraigne
.
First
,
for
proportioning
the
Issues
and
expences
,
with
their
certaine
and
casuall
Revenues
.
H.
4.
Anno
12.
when
the
Revenue
and
profits
of
the
Kingdome
,
together
with
the
Subsidy
of
Wooll
,
〈◊〉
and
Tenth
of
the
Clergy
,
amounted
to
no
more
then
48000
l'
.
of
which
24000
l'
.
was
alotted
for
the
expence
of
house
,
most
of
the
rest
to
the
guard
of
the
Sea
,
and
defence
of
this
Kingdome
,
the
Realme
of
Ireland
,
The
like
was
Anno
11.
when
for
the
charge
of
House
was
appointed
16000
l'
.
and
7000
l'
.
to
the
City
of
London
in
discharge
of
the
Kings
debt
.
Anno
3.
H.
5.
the
like
assignments
were
made
proportionable
to
the
Revenue
which
in
the
great
custome
of
Woolls
,
Anno
9.
H.
5.
the
Revenue
of
the
Kingdome
amountting
to
55743
l'
.
20
s.
10
d.
was
so
by
the
King
with
advice
of
his
Councell
,
The
rest
to
defray
the
debts
and
necessary
occasion●
of
the
State
.
Elizabeth
anno
12
,
at
which
time
,
besides
the
Wards
,
and
Dutchy
of
Lancaster
,
the
profit
of
the
Kingdome
was
188197
l.
'
4
s.
The
payments
and
assignments
110612
l'
.
13
s.
of
which
the
houshold
was
30000
l'
.
privie
Purs●
2000
l'
.
Admiralty
30000
l'
.
which
by
an
estimate
1.
Mali
anno
1604.
was
40000
l'
.
and
i●
now
swolne
to
neere
50000
l'
,
yearly
,
by
the
error
and
abuse
of
Officers
.
-
2.
For
abating
and
reforming
the
excesse
of
—
-
1.
Houshold
.
-
2.
Retinue
and
Favorites
.
-
3.
Gifts
and
Rewards
.
-
1.
For
abating
and
reforming
the
excesse
of
houshold
,
either
by
-
1.
Parliament
.
-
2.
Councell-Table
.
1.
By
Parliament
.
Anan
3.
E.
2.
An
ordinance
was
ma●e
pro
hospitio
Regis
,
Al
honneur
de
dieu
et
al
honneur
et
profit
de
Saincte
Esglise
et
al
honneur
de
Roy
,
et
son
profit
,
et
au
profit
de
son
peuple
selons
droit
et
reson
delserement
quod
le
dit
nostre
Signeur
le
Roy
fist
à
son
Coronment
.
And
about
this
time
was
the
Kings
house
new
formed
,
and
every
Officer
limited
his
charge
and
salary
.
Anno
36.
E.
3.
Anno
4.
H.
4.
Vous
poir
viure
le
vostre
biens
propres
in
ease
de
vostre
peuple
,
Ordinations
for
the
Kings
House
.
And
to
ease
the
charge
of
the
Kings
house
,
the
Queens
have
allowed
a
portion
of
their
joincture
,
sui●ng
to
their
owne
expence
,
to
the
Treasurer
of
the
houshold
;
as
did
Philippa
,
the
wife
of
Edward
the
third
.
And
so
likewise
Henry
the
fourth
his
wife
,
anno
7.
And
H.
6.
his
wife
allowed
2000
l'
.
a
yeare
out
of
her
estate
.
2.
Excesse
of
houshold
abated
and
reformed
by
Councell
Table
.
Aula
Regis
.
Au
pleiser
du
Dieu
et
du
peuple
.
Hen.
6.
Anno
27.
Ed.
4.
Anno
12.
reformeth
it
againe
,
2.
By
abating
and
reforming
the
excesse
of
Retinue
and
Favorites
.
Thus
Henry
the
second
did
with
William
de
Ipre
Earle
of
Kent
,
a
Netherlander
,
Thus
Richard
1.
did
with
Otho
Earle
of
Yorke
,
Thus
Henry
the
third
did
with
his
halfe
brethren
the
Earle
of
Pembroke
,
and
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
L●●
to●●●g●age
sire
Pieres
de
Gaveston
s●it
entirement
●●stre
desire
ent●vi●
〈◊〉
Roy
,
&
de
son
servis
:
Item
Burgois
de
Till
soit
ouste
&
son
fia●
quod
est
Mar●scall
del
Exchequer
.
Ite●
quod
Bertram
Assabi
&
son
frere
&
ceux
de
Gascoigne
&
Aymerick
de
Trisc●mband
sei●s
oustre
&
ses
Terres
prises
en
le
main
le
Roy.
Thus
Henry
4.
did
with
the
Gascoines
and
Welsh
in
like
sort
overburdening
and
impoverishing
the
King
and
Realm
,
Ne
ad
nul
substance
des
personnes
vaylantes
&
suffesants
si
bes●igne
seroit
mes
de
Rascail●
par
la
grendre
part
.
3.
By
abating
and
reforming
the
excesse
of
Gifts
,
and
Rewards
.
Hence
was
it
that
the
wisedome
of
former
times
foreseeing
the
mischiefe
that
the
open
hand
of
the
Soveraigne
may
bring
the
State
into
,
made
a
Law
,
11.
R.
2.
That
whatsoever
cometh
to
the
King
by
Judgement
,
It
is
one
of
the
greatest
accusations
against
the
Duke
of
Summerset
,
And
it
was
made
the
first
and
chiefest
Article
to
depose
King
Richard
for
wasting
and
bestowing
the
Lands
and
Revenue
of
the
Crowne
upon
unworthy
persons
,
3.
By
raising
of
money
and
improving
the
Revenue
of
the
Crowne
,
either
By
the
-
1.
Grant
of
the
Subject
,
which
is
-
1.
generall
,
as
Parliament
,
Or
,
-
2.
Particular
.
-
2.
Power
absolute
in
the
Soveraigne
,
as
by
—
-
Loanes
,
Or
,
-
Benevolence
.
1.
Generall
,
as
in
the
Parliament
,
I.
defence
of
the
State
:
hence
grew
the
scr●tage
granted
to
H.
2.
R.
1.
King
John
and
H.
3.
To
E
,
2.
The
Subsidie
of
Woolls
,
and
other
contributions
to
Edw.
3.
for
his
wars
.
And
the
like
granted
to
Rich.
2.
an
.
2.3.7
.
so
they
may
be
imployed
in
the
wars
and
particular
Treasurers
to
account
in
Parliament
.
So
in
the
8.
and
9.
H.
4
,
on
the
like
condition
.
Tonnage
and
Poundage
began
an
.
5.
E
,
3.
Presidents
of
this
nature
are
plentifull
in
all
the
Rolles
of
Parliament
.
II.
For
maintenance
of
Religion
and
Church
as
in
the
yeare
1266.
And
E.
2.
anno
5.
9.
&
10.
by
an
Ordination
of
the
Prelates
,
Earles
and
Barons
.
All
grants
made
by
Edward
3.
to
unworthy
persons
,
R.
2.
resumed
anno
primo
.
And
by
H.
4.
anno
6.
all
patents
for
life
or
yeares
since
the
fourth
of
E.
3.
were
resumed
.
At
the
petition
of
the
people
H.
the
5.
revokes
all
grants
out
of
the
principality
made
to
unworthy
persons
,
and
all
annuities
out
of
the
customes
of
Wooll
deducting
20000
l'
.
a
yeare
out
of
all
other
annuall
pensions
rateably
,
H.
6.
anno
29.
&
33.
resumeth
in
England
all
Lands
,
Offices
,
Liberties
,
and
Grants
,
from
anno
1.
2.
Particular
,
by
-
Loanes
1.
Voluntary
,
or
-
Benevolence
,
2.
Compulsive
.
1.
Loanes
voluntary
,
William
de
la
Poole
bound
for
E.
3.
anno
13.
in
great
summes
.
And
the
Duke
of
Glocester
,
anno
2.
H.
6.
And
the
Cardinall
pawned
his
silver
vessels
for
H.
6.
his
debt
.
Pawne
upon
Jewels
.
Thus
did
H.
3.
anno
26.
to
the
Archbishop
of
Yorke
:
Edward
the
first
imployed
one
Andaver
ad
jocalia
sua
impignoranda
.
Edw.
2.
pawned
his
jewels
to
the
Lord
Beamont
.
Edw.
3.
pawned
Magnam
Coronam
Angliae
to
Sir
John
Wesenham
for
8.
yeares
.
R.
2.
pawned
Vasa●●●●a
&
diversa
jocalia
,
to
Sir
Robert
Knolls
.
Hen.
4.
Invadiavit
tabellas
&
tressellas
suas
Argentent
de
Hispania
.
H.
the
5.
And
the
late
Queen
to
ease
her
people
,
did
the
like
with
her
jewels
in
the
Tower
,
besides
the
often
Mortgage
of
her
Land
.
Vpon
assignment
of
Customes
and
Subsidies
.
So
did
the
Cardinall
Beauford
lend
10000
l'
.
to
H.
6.
anno
22.
upon
security
of
the
Customes
of
London
and
Southampton
.
And
H.
6.
anno
15.
and
E.
4.
anno
12.
did
secure
their
debts
,
by
assignment
over
of
the
next
Subsidie
or
aid
that
should
be
granted
from
the
Church
or
Laity
to
them
,
being
a
device
(
in
truth
)
to
draw
on
a
supply
the
sooner
from
the
State
.
Vpon
the
great
Seale
,
or
privie
Seale
.
The
privie
Seale
,
which
is
of
late
most
in
use
,
and
it
is
worthy
of
observation
to
see
the
willingnesse
of
former
times
in
respect
of
these
.
L●
nommes
de
ceux
qui
ont
da
prester
au
R●y
les
sommes
escrits
.
The
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
lent
1000
Markes
,
the
Bishop
of
Lincoln
as
much
,
the
Bishop
of
Norwich
600.
the
Bishop
of
London
500.
Markes
,
the
Bishop
of
Bath
400
Markes
,
the
Lord
Privie
Seale
200
l'
.
the
Clerkes
of
the
Chancery
a
thousand
Markes
.
Particular
grants
of
the
Subject
by
Loanes
compulsive
.
Florence
,
Venice
,
and
S.
Luke
,
compelled
by
an
order
in
Counsel
,
3.
H.
5.
because
they
had
by
grace
and
sufferance
,
Du
Roy
grantes
,
privileges
,
&c.
reportants
grand
lucre
pour
Lex
ercise
de
Leur
Merchandre
en
le
Angleterre
.
And
the
persons
that
refused
to
lend
,
were
committed
to
the
Fleet.
Particular
grants
of
the
Subject
by
Contribution
,
or
benevolent
Gifts
.
These
were
of
old
usuall
and
free
:
therefore
called
,
Amicable
grant
,
yet
hee
threatned
the
refusers
with
convention
before
his
Councell
,
and
confiscation
of
goods
.
The
Kings
raise
money
,
and
improve
the
Revenues
of
the
Crowne
,
By
power
absolute
in
the
Soveraigne
in
the
disposing
-
1.
Lands
.
-
2.
Merchandise
.
-
3.
Regalities
.
1.
Lands
,
as
by
selling
,
which
hath
been
often
and
old
,
if
they
were
not
of
the
ancient
demeasne
lands
,
which
our
fore-fathers
held
impious
to
alienate
from
the
Crown
.
And
those
were
such
Lands
as
go
under
the
title
of
Terra
Regis
,
in
the
book
of
Doomsday
,
By
passing
in
Fee
●arme
,
except
places
of
the
Kings
residence
,
Parkes
,
spacious
wastes
,
or
Forrests
,
all
the
lands
of
the
Crowne
,
which
remaines
either
in
the
annexation
,
custody
,
land●
,
or
the
Queenes
joincture
,
and
exceed
not
yearly
32000
l'
.
These
although
largely
estated
out
in
severall
natures
,
some
for
lives
,
some
for
yeares
,
will
one
with
the
other
bee
advanced
to
a
treble
rent
,
which
amounting
to
96000
l'
.
leaving
an
annuall
improvement
of
64000
l'
.
And
if
the
offer
be
not
made
restrictive
for
the
new
Tenant
,
there
is
no
doubt
but
his
Majesty
shall
finde
ready
and
hearty
undertakers
amongst
the
Gentry
and
Nobility
too
,
who
have
any
place
of
residence
neere
any
of
his
Majesties
Manors
.
And
the
Kings
security
the
better
,
since
their
abilities
will
settle
the
Fee-farme
rent
upon
more
land
then
the
purchase
.
If
any
shall
object
against
this
a
losse
by
fines
and
profits
of
Courts
,
a
prejudice
in
not
serving
necessity
(
as
of
late
)
by
sales
or
diminution
of
Regalities
in
seisure
of
so
many
Royalties
.
It
may
be
answered
to
the
first
,
that
the
casuall
profits
of
Courts
,
never
defrayed
to
the
present
Officers
their
fee
and
expences
.
And
this
appeareth
from
a
collection
made
the
44.
yeare
of
the
late
Queene
,
where
the
totall
issue
of
such
certain
charge
exceeded
the
receipt
of
such
chances
above
8000
l'
.
To
the
second
,
if
looking
upon
the
severall
Rates
of
the
Kings
lands
exposed
to
Fee-farme
sales
,
we
finde
some
of
50.
others
at
21
yeares
,
as
to
the
late
contractors
,
and
make
out
of
these
extreams
a
Medium
of
the
largest
forty
yeares
,
and
set
on
the
other
side
the
common
and
current
estimate
for
d●ad
rents
15
yeares
purchase
,
we
must
finde
that
5
l'
.
land
sold
unimproved
respectively
to
the
like
trebled
by
a
Fee-farme
will
be
250
l'
.
losse
to
his
Majesty
in
the
sale
.
As
for
Regalities
,
though
it
may
adde
somewhat
to
the
Subject
in
increasing
such
his
petty
command
,
it
can
nothing
to
a
Soveraigne
,
whose
transcendent
power
drowneth
in
it
all
such
subordinate
Dependencies
and
Regards
.
But
if
we
consider
besides
the
former
improvement
the
encrease
of
casual
advantage
at
diminution
of
certain
charge
,
wee
shall
have
just
cause
not
to
continue
this
course
.
For
if
the
Commissioners
in
this
businesse
may
be
ordered
by
instruction
to
reserve
upon
every
Mannor
of
above
30.
l'
.
per
annum
,
a
tenure
in
a
Knights
service
by
halfe
a
Fee
and
of
above
50
l'
in
Capite
.
by
an
intire
fee
,
and
by
the
purchase
to
pay
his
Rent
into
the
receipt
himselfe
,
halfe
yearly
,
and
strike
there
his
Tally
;
the
former
will
advance
the
Revenue
accidentall
of
the
Crowne
in
Wardships
,
primer
seisin
,
Alienations
and
Aides
,
and
the
latter
cut
off
at
once
so
many
their
unnecessary
Receivers
,
Auditors
,
Stewards
,
Bailiffes
,
and
Clarks
,
as
stand
the
King
in
yeerly
above
12000.
l'
.
As
for
other
dues
or
casuall
Revenues
,
which
now
fall
under
the
charge
of
these
Officers
:
The
collection
and
payment
may
be
as
it
hath
been
with
the
rest
,
from
the
time
of
H.
2.
untill
of
late
dayes
laid
●on
the
Sheriffes
of
the
Shires
,
and
all
the
accompts
left
to
the
two
Auditors
of
the
presse
to
draw
up
,
and
the
Clerkes
of
the
Pipe
to
enter
in
Magno
Rotulo
,
as
in
former
times
;
for
it
must
seeme
strange
to
all
men
of
judgement
,
that
it
should
be
with
those
Officers
who
had
their
beginning
but
since
the
25.
yeare
of
King
Henry
the
eight
,
by
addition
of
his
new
Revenue
of
150000
l'
.
from
the
suppressed
Monasteries
,
otherwise
then
with
all
things
in
Nature
and
reason
Cessante
causa
&
effectus
,
not
to
be
discontinued
when
as
all
Crown
annexed
.
Lands
that
gave
them
their
just
imployment
for
the
most
part
passed
from
the
Soveraigne
into
the
Subjects
possession
.
Besides
this
of
a
generall
disposing
in
Fee
Farme
,
there
hath
been
a
project
in
particular
to
infranchise
the
Copyholders
in
the
several
Manors
which
I
should
hold
to
be
of
more
prejudice
to
his
Majesty
,
then
the
other
,
bringing
with
it
all
the
former
inconveniences
,
losse
of
Fines
,
Regalities
,
and
advantages
of
Sale
,
and
being
without
many
of
the
advantages
,
as
Wardships
,
Primer
seisin
,
Alienation
,
and
Aids
;
for
no
man
will
buy
quillets
but
in
soccage
,
and
discontinuance
of
Officers
,
who
must
still
remaine
,
though
they
can
bring
but
l●ttle
benefit
.
And
it
was
not
the
least
of
charitable
thrift
in
the
King
,
to
reduce
much
of
his
waste
to
habitation
of
Christians
,
especially
the
remote
Forrests
,
which
would
encrease
many
thousand
families
for
his
service
,
and
bring
many
thousand
pounds
to
his
Coffers
.
But
in
the
carriage
of
this
businesse
there
must
be
much
caution
to
prevent
commotion
:
for
in
them
there
are
many
that
have
right
in
Common
,
sans
numbre
.
And
the
resolution
in
agreement
with
them
must
be
sudden
,
and
confident
:
for
multitudes
are
jealous
and
inconstant
,
and
the
instruments
to
effect
this
,
must
be
such
as
be
neighbours
interessed
and
popular
,
not
strangers
.
And
the
first
demise
to
the
Inhabitants
,
and
at
under
and
easie
values
.
3
,
By
manuring
of
Lands
.
H.
anno
13.
in
removing
out
of
most
of
his
Parkes
(
as
Gillingham
,
Brigstocke
,
Chiffe
,
Woodstocke
,
Haverell
)
all
mens
Cattell
pro
bobos
,
pro
lardaria
Regis
in
parcis
praedi●●
is
impinguendis
.
And
E.
1.
commanded
all
the
Escheators
in
England
,
ex
colore
seminar●
&
appropriare
ad
maximum
Regis
proficium
omnes
terras
quae
Regi
&
Corona
suae
devonerint
per
mortem
aliquorum
vacatione
Epi●copatum
,
The
Kings
raise
money
,
and
improve
the
Revenewes
of
the
Crowne
.
By
Merchandise
-
1
Trading
themselves
.
-
2
Licencing
others
to
Trade
Commodities
,
-
3
Improving
Customes
-
1
Lawfull
.
-
2
Vnlawfull
.
1
Trading
themselves
,
thus
did
Edw.
1.
Anno
22.
Thus
did
Edw.
3.
Anno
12.
with
all
the
Tinne
and
H.
6.
And
the
late
Queene
Anno
1567.
2
By
lycencing
others
to
trade
Commodities
-
1
Lawfull
or
-
2
Vnlawfull
.
First
Lawfull
but
solely
.
Thus
did
H
,
6.
Secondly
,
Vnlawfull
or
prohibited
.
Thus
did
many
of
the
Kings
after
such
time
as
the
heavy
burthen
of
imposition
began
in
the
miserable
necessity
of
H.
3.
called
then
by
no
better
name
then
Maltolt
,
and
continued
untill
the
15
:
Le
sage
discretion
de
vous
&
vostre
Councel
,
to
diverse
Citizens
of
London
H.
4.
in
like
sort
dispenceth
for
great
quantities
of
Tynne
for
seaven
yeares
paying
1000.
Benedict
Benony
,
Merchant
of
Florence
with
an
obstante
any
Statute
or
restraint
.
In
this
yeare
such
Licenses
were
so
frequent
that
the
Towne
of
Calice
complained
in
Parliament
of
their
decay
thereby
,
yet
without
reliefe
as
it
seemeth
,
for
the
same
King
Anno
36.
giveth
leave
to
Lawrence
Barbarico
to
transport
from
London
or
Cicister
12000.
H.
7.
raised
much
money
by
giving
leave
to
many
Merchants
to
trade
inward
and
outward
commodities
prohibited
,
as
to
Alonso
de
Burgues
great
proportions
of
Wood
,
Anno
6.
H.
7.
7
&
Dudley
.
and
to
a
multitude
of
others
all
kinds
of
graine
and
other
forbidden
things
:
as
in
Anno
20
,
21
,
22.
Improving
of
Customes
by
-
1.
Farming
out
of
Ships
-
2.
Raising
the
booke
of
rates
-
3.
Farming
the
Customes
.
1.
2.
29.
E.
1.
Rot.
Almaigne
3.
E.
3.
Extract
.
Brux
.
Ell●
.
Raising
the
booke
of
Rates
this
was
in
some
sort
done
Consensu
Mercatorum
by
Ed.
1.
and
Ed.
3.
And
againe
in
H.
8.
time
of
which
the
house
of
Burgundy
complained
as
against
the
treaty
of
entercourse
,
and
of
late
so
stretched
,
as
it
is
feared
it
will
prove
the
overthrow
of
Trade
.
Neither
doe
I
finde
this
course
at
any
other
time
,
as
a
branch
of
this
may
partly
fall
out
,
the
benefit
Princes
made
by
Prerogative
power
of
imposing
inward
and
outward
upon
Commodities
over
and
above
the
ancient
Custome
or
Subsidie
.
The
first
that
used
this
course
after
the
State
was
setled
from
a
King
of
a
Voluntary
government
after
the
Conquest
(
when
as
Kings
ruled
more
by
the
edge
of
the
sword
then
by
rule
of
Law
was
H.
3.
about
the
entrance
of
his
Reigne
,
Dors
claus
,
An
16.
H
3.
N.
20.
but
finding
it
to
bee
an
apparent
overthrow
of
Commerce
and
Trade
,
against
the
great
Charter
,
made
proclamation
Anno.
16.
H.
3.
in
all
the
Ports
of
England
that
all
Merchants
might
come
faciendo
rectas
et
debitas
consuetudines
sed
tibi
timeant
de
Malistoltis
for
it
had
no
better
name
then
Maltolts
.
And
thus
it
continued
all
his
Raigne
,
being
a
time
of
great
necessity
and
expence
by
reason
of
the
warrs
,
he
sometimes
taking
the
advantage
either
to
raise
an
imposition
,
or
else
to
gaine
an
aide
from
the
people
in
discharge
thereof
,
they
continually
urging
the
injury
in
barring
them
their
Birth-right
;
and
the
King
on
the
other
side
,
the
greatnesse
of
his
owne
occasions
,
and
it
may
be
gathered
by
Record
,
that
thus
it
held
on
,
untill
the
fifteenth
of
R.
2.
in
which
yeare
is
the
last
Petition
against
Impositions
generally
grounded
(
in
likelihood
)
from
the
Kings
power
in
restrayning
or
permitting
trade
all
the
time
after
:
though
License
with
Non
obstante
were
ordinary
,
To
this
of
impositions
I
may
adde
the
Rule
I
find
Anno
20.
H.
6.
made
in
counsell
,
That
all
goods
for
payment
of
Subsidie
shall
berated
of
commodities
domestick
,
as
they
may
be
sold
betweene
Merchant
and
Merchant
;
and
if
forraine
,
then
so
as
it
shall
appeare
upon
Oath
of
the
Merchant
or
his
Factor
they
stood
them
in
at
the
first
,
and
the
generall
Maxime
which
limits
all
Regall
advantage
upon
Trade
of
Merchants
is
,
Vt
causa
honesta
sit
&
necessaria
,
ratio
facili●
tempus
idoneum
.
Farming
out
of
Customes
.
So
did
Ed.
3.
The
like
he
did
Anno
17.
R.
2.
Anno
20.
letteth
out
for
terme
of
life
the
Subsidie
of
Cloth
in
diverse
Countries
,
and
E.
4.
Anno
1.
the
Subsidie
of
ulnage
of
Cloth
.
Thus
did
H.
8.
with
his
Customes
,
and
since
his
time
the
late
Queene
,
and
our
late
Soveraigne
Lord
King
Iames
,
and
it
was
so
then
in
use
in
the
best
govern'd
State
(
Rome
)
which
let
out
their
portions
and
Decims
to
the
Publicans
.
Kings
raise
money
,
and
improve
the
Revenewes
of
the
Crowne
.
By
Regalities
-
1
Temporall
or
-
2
Mixt.
As
for
-
1
Liberties
&c.
-
2
Penalties
of
Lawes
.
-
3
Letters
of
favour
.
1
Liberties
in
granting
restraining
or
renewing
them
.
It
is
a
course
usuall
that
the
Kings
have
raised
money
by
calling
in
question
the
Charters
and
Liberties
of
Corporations
,
Leetes
,
free
Warrens
,
and
other
Royalties
.
Thus
did
R.
1.
proclaiming
Quod
omnes
Chartoe
&
confirmationes
quae
prioris
Sigilli
impressione
roboraverint
irrita
forent
nisi
porsteriori
sigillo
roborentur
.
And
H.
3.
Anno
10.
enjoyned
all
qui
suis
volebant
libertatibus
gaudere
,
ut
innovarent
Chartas
suas
,
de
nova
regio
sigillo
getting
money
thereby
.
Edw.
1.
by
diverse
Commissions
,
with
Articles
called
Articuli
de
Ragman
annexed
to
them
,
Gilbert
de
Thornton
his
Attourney
putting
in
information
by
quo
warranto
against
all
persons
,
as
well
bodies
politicke
as
others
,
whereby
they
are
inforced
anew
to
renew
their
Charters
,
and
Fine
for
their
Liberties
.
3.
9.
3.
Rot.
8.
unlesse
they
made
a
new
purchase
of
their
Liberties
;
and
this
was
one
of
the
usuallist
and
easiest
meanes
to
raise
money
from
the
people
,
because
it
lighteth
only
upon
the
best
abilities
,
and
if
there
were
now
but
twenty
pound
taken
of
every
Corporation
,
of
every
Person
that
holdeth
by
Charter
his
liberties
50.
pound
for
renewing
of
them
.
And
of
every
one
that
claimeth
by
prescription
ten
pound
for
purchase
of
a
Charter
.
All
which
would
bee
easie
and
acceptable
,
it
would
amount
to
above
one
hundred
thousand
pound
.
2.
For
penall
Lawes
they
have
been
sometime
,
but
with
ill
successe
wrought
upon
.
When
R.
2.
Anno
22.
began
his
Course
,
No
lesse
fatall
was
the
like
to
Empson
and
Dudley
,
3.
For
Letters
of
favour
either
for
mitigation
or
dispatch
of
Iustice
.
Of
the
first
sort
there
be
many
found
in
H.
6.
and
E.
4.
their
times
,
sometimes
of
Protection
,
although
by
course
of
the
Common
Law
,
none
are
warrantable
but
to
such
as
are
going
in
Obsequium
Regis
,
or
Ibidem
Moraturi
,
sometimes
freeing
men
from
Arrests
by
calling
them
up
to
appear
before
the
Kings
Councell
,
sometimes
in
cases
highly
criminall
,
releiving
the
Prisoner
,
in
commanding
the
Judges
to
make
stay
of
all
proceedings
upon
supposall
of
indirect
practises
untill
the
King
was
better
informed
.
Of
the
second
sort
there
are
many
in
H.
7.
4.
For
Offices
thus
did
King
Iohn
with
the
Chancellorship
,
selling
it
for
terme
of
life
to
Gray
for
five
thousand
Markes
.
Divers
Offices
now
in
the
gift
of
the
Master
of
the
Rolls
were
engaged
to
the
Chancellor
and
Treasurer
of
England
,
as
are
to
be
found
in
Records
of
H.
4.
H.
5.
and
H.
6.
to
bee
passed
by
warrant
under
the
Kings
hand
and
upon
some
Considerat●on
.
And
H.
7.
renewed
this
course
using
Dudley
as
his
instrument
to
compound
with
Suitors
for
those
and
any
other
places
,
and
by
that
Record
we
finde
the
Chancellor
the
chiefe
Iustice
the
Keeper
of
most
of
the
Record
,
the
Clerks
of
the
Assizes
and
peace
,
the
Masters
of
the
game
and
Parkes
,
and
what
else
carrying
either
profit
or
reputation
paid
to
the
King
,
Lewis
12.
some
proportion
of
money
for
their
places
.
Neither
is
this
different
from
the
course
of
other
States
for
in
France
,
Lewis
the
12.
(
called
the
father
of
his
Countrey
)
did
so
with
all
the
Offices
not
being
of
Iudicature
which
his
Successors
did
not
forbeare
.
Vasques
C.
12
,
40
,
43.
In
Spaine
it
is
usuall
and
Vasques
the
Spanish
Advocate
and
Charles
the
fifth
.
precsribeth
it
to
his
sonne
as
a
rule
in
his
last
instruction
drawing
his
ground
of
reason
and
Convenience
from
the
example
and
practice
of
the
Sea
of
Rome
.
The
like
might
bee
of
all
inferior
promotions
that
are
or
may
bee
in
the
Kings
Guift
whether
Ecclesiasticall
or
Temporall
,
if
they
were
after
the
true
value
in
profit
and
reputation
listed
into
rankes
according
to
the
severall
Natures
of
their
imployments
respectively
.
5
For
honour
,
and
that
either
by
power
legall
or
election
.
Of
the
first
it
is
onely
in
respect
of
Land
whereby
every
man
is
to
find
,
when
the
King
shall
require
that
hath
ability
to
bee
made
a
Knight
and
is
not
.
Of
this
sort
there
is
plenty
of
examples
.
The
other
out
of
choice
and
grace
;
As
Hugo
de
putiaco
Bishop
of
Durham
was
by
King
R.
1.
created
Earle
of
Northumberland
for
a
great
summe
of
money
,
And
I
doubt
not
but
many
of
these
times
,
would
set
their
ambition
at
as
high
a
price
.
And
for
his
Majestie
now
to
make
a
degree
of
Honour
hereditary
as
Barronets
next
under
Barons
,
and
grant
them
in
Tayle
taking
of
every
one
a
thousand
pound
.
In
Fine
it
would
raise
with
ease
ten
thousand
pound
.
And
by
a
Iudicious
election
be
a
meanes
to
content
those
worthy
Persons
in
the
Common-wealth
,
that
by
the
confused
admission
of
Many
Knights
of
the
Bath
held
themselves
all
this
time
disgraced
.
6
For
Coyne
and
Bullion
by
which
although
some
Kings
out
of
a
last
shift
have
seemed
to
relieve
themselves
,
yet
was
it
(
in
truth
)
full
of
danger
and
distrust
to
the
Common-wealth
being
assured
token
of
a
Bankerupt
State
,
and
to
the
Prince
in
conclusion
of
most
disadvantage
,
for
the
Revenewes
of
the
Crowne
being
commonly
in
certaine
Rents
they
must
in
true
value
,
howsoever
in
verball
sound
bee
abated
to
the
proportion
that
the
money
shall
bee
abased
,
and
every
man
will
rate
his
Commodity
in
sale
,
not
according
to
the
accompt
of
pence
or
pounds
,
but
to
the
weight
of
the
pure
Silver
contained
in
the
current
money
;
As
for
example
,
that
which
was
before
the
descrying
of
the
Coyne
worth
five
shillings
in
the
pound
weight
,
will
(
if
the
allay
bee
to
the
halfe
)
bee
held
at
ten
shillings
,
and
so
in
every
proportion
respectively
,
for
money
is
not
meerely
to
bee
esteemed
in
respect
of
the
sculpture
or
figure
,
but
it
must
value
in
Pecunin
quantum
in
Massa
,
and
Silver
is
a
Commodity
as
other
wares
,
and
therefore
holdeth
his
estimation
as
they
doe
according
to
the
goodnesse
.
And
the
Lord
Treasurer
Burleigh
in
Anno
one
thousand
five
hundred
sixty
one
,
when
the
Court
of
State
affected
an
abasement
of
Coyne
,
after
a
grave
deliberation
advised
the
Queene
from
it
,
and
never
would
give
way
to
any
such
resolution
in
his
time
.
But
that
benefit
which
truely
the
King
may
make
more
of
Bullion
then
now
hee
doth
,
is
to
erect
againe
Cambrium
Regis
his
owne
Exchange
,
an
Office
as
antient
as
before
H.
3.
and
so
continued
untill
the
middle
of
H.
8.
the
profit
of
it
being
now
ingrossed
amongst
a
few
Gold-smiths
,
and
would
yeeld
above
two
thousand
pound
a
yeare
if
it
were
heedfully
regarded
,
and
then
should
the
King
himselfe
never
want
the
materialls
if
two
things
were
observed
;
the
one
to
permit
all
men
bringing
in
Bullion
to
Trade
outward
the
value
thereof
in
domesticke
Commodities
at
an
abated
Custome
,
the
other
to
abate
the
mighty
indraught
of
Forraine
Manufactures
,
and
unnecessary
Wares
,
that
the
outward
Trade
might
over-ballance
the
inward
,
which
otherwise
will
(
as
it
hath
done
)
draw
on
this
desperate
consumption
of
the
Common-wealth
,
which
in
Anno
twenty
seaven
E.
3.
was
otherwise
,
for
then
the
exitus
exceeded
the
introitus
pounds
,
and
in
the
last
times
of
the
late
Queene
,
for
at
this
time
the
unmeasurable
use
of
Luxurious
Commodities
was
brought
in
,
as
Wine
,
Spices
,
Silke
and
fine
Linnen
,
&c.
For
of
the
latter
sort
above
ten
Groates
the
Ell
,
there
is
above
360000
pound
yearely
spent
,
which
is
halfe
the
value
of
our
Cloths
transported
,
maketh
the
State
to
buy
more
then
they
doe
sell
,
whereas
a
good
Father
of
a
Family
ought
to
be
Vendacem
and
not
Emacem
;
Besides
the
condition
of
our
people
is
now
such
that
the
greater
part
neither
get
nor
save
,
which
in
a
private
house
is
an
apparant
Argument
of
ruining
,
and
must
be
no
lesse
in
a
Common-wealth
.
And
it
is
observed
generally
that
hence
the
want
of
Bullion
now
is
such
,
that
there
is
not
money
(
in
specie
)
sufficient
to
pay
the
Lenders
their
principall
,
so
that
Usury
is
paid
for
money
upon
supposition
and
not
really
.
If
then
his
Majesty
shall
be
pleased
to
advise
of
his
Counsell
to
advantage
himselfe
,
any
otherwise
by
Coynage
it
will
be
safe●
to
doe
it
upon
a
simple
Metall
then
by
any
impliant
or
better
suite
,
which
well
govern'd
States
both
moderne
and
ancient
used
;
for
Rome
in
her
greatest
pitch
of
glory
had
their
money
Ere
argento
,
auro
,
puro
puto
,
and
so
have
all
the
absolute
Monarchies
to
this
day
in
Christendome
.
And
I
believe
it
may
be
wrought
to
his
Majesty
of
good
value
,
and
to
the
state
of
much
ease
if
it
may
be
put
in
practice
with
discreet
caution
,
and
constant
resolution
,
for
the
danger
may
only
be
in
the
venting
of
the
quantity
,
which
may
clog
the
State
with
the
uselesse
money
in
extention
of
example
which
may
work
in
by
degrees
an
abasement
of
Bullione
.
The
proportion
that
I
would
hold
beneficiall
and
safe
should
be
in
the
Masse
at
first
one
hundred
twenty
thousand
pound
by
which
his
Majesty
should
gaine
ten
hundred
thousand
pound
cleerely
,
the
encrease
annually
twelve
thousand
pound
in
which
his
Majestie
should
gaine
a
thousand
pound
.
And
the
limitation
that
none
be
inforced
to
take
any
but
in
summes
under
20
s.
and
then
but
the
twentieth
part
proportionably
.
Against
this
some
may
object
that
it
will
either
not
advantage
the
King
so
much
as
is
projected
,
either
from
the
difficultie
in
venting
,
or
facilitie
in
counterfeiting
,
or
else
prejudice
the
State
with
a
worthlesse
money
.
The
benefit
to
the
King
will
easilie
fall
out
if
he
restraine
Retailers
of
victuals
and
small
wares
from
using
their
owne
tokens
;
For
in
and
about
London
there
are
above
three
thousand
that
one
with
another
cost
yearely
five
pound
a
peice
of
leaden
tokens
whereof
the
tenth
remaineth
not
to
them
at
the
yeares
end
when
they
renew
their
store
which
amounteth
to
above
fifteene
thousand
pound
.
And
all
the
rest
of
the
Realme
cannot
bee
inferiour
to
the
City
proportion
and
the
forme
and
figure
may
with
an
Engine
so
subtile
bee
nulled
that
the
charge
will
prevent
all
practise
of
false
play
for
the
prejudice
,
since
London
(
which
is
not
the
24
part
in
people
of
the
Kingdome
)
had
in
it
found
above
800000
,
by
a
late
inquiry
by
the
order
of
the
late
Queene
and
so
falleth
out
to
be
2.
pence
a
person
in
the
intire
State
,
it
may
bee
nothing
either
of
losse
by
the
first
uttering
being
so
easie
,
nor
burthen
any
with
too
great
a
Masse
at
a
time
since
continuall
use
will
disperse
so
small
a
quantity
into
so
many
hands
.
But
on
the
other
side
wil
be
to
the
meaner
sort
(
except
the
Retaylers
that
made
advantage
formerly
of
their
own
Tokens
as
the
King
shall
now
)
of
necessary
use
and
benefit
,
for
the
buyers
hereafter
shall
not
be
tyed
to
one
seller
and
his
bad
Commodities
as
they
are
stilll
when
his
tokens
hereafter
made
current
by
authority
,
shall
leave
him
to
the
choyse
of
any
other
Chapman
.
And
to
the
poore
in
this
time
of
small
Charity
.
It
will
be
of
much
reliefe
since
many
are
like
ro
give
a
farthing
Almes
that
will
not
part
with
a
greater
sum
.
Besides
it
cannot
but
prevent
much
wast
of
silver
that
by
the
minting
pence
and
halfepence
is
occasioned
,
there
wil
be
no
cause
hereafter
to
cut
Bullion
into
proportion
so
fit
for
losse
,
what
that
hath
beene
may
bee
conject●red
.
If
wee
marke
but
of
the
great
quantities
from
the
penny
downward
since
H.
8.
time
stamped
,
how
few
remain
.
Whereas
of
all
the
Coynes
from
three
pence
upwards
which
are
manuable
(
or
manuall
)
plenty
passe
still
in
daily
payment
.
Regalities
mixt
.
As
for
restitution
of
the
temporalities
of
Abbots
and
Bishops
for
which
H.
7.
receiued
great
sums
.
Corodaries
in
Cathedrall
Churches
.
And
having
in
every
Cathedrall
and
collegiate
Church
as
incident
to
his
Crowne
a
Corodarie
and
made
money
of
it
at
the
highest
rate
he
could
.
Vacancie
of
Bishopricks
.
The
benefit
of
the
vacancy
of
any
Bishop
some
Kings
have
used
to
their
best
advantage
,
making
a
Circular
remove
of
as
many
as
in
reputation
and
profit
were
inferiour
to
the
place
void
,
Concurrent
Jurisdiction
as
the
Pope
had
in
former
times
.
Besides
these
there
are
two
of
no
mean
Commodity
.
〈…〉
The
one
is
grounded
upon
a
concurrent
Jurisdiction
with
every
Ordinary
in
the
Diocesse
with
the
King
by
having
the
power
Papall
in
that
point
invested
in
him
by
Act
of
Parliament
,
may
exercise
by
his
Commission
or
otherwise
remit
to
the
Ordinary
for
some
valuable
respect
.
Thus
did
Cardinall
Wolsey
with
Wareham
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
and
all
other
the
Bshops
of
the
Kingdome
after
hee
had
got
his
Legative
power
.
The
other
is
the
short
accompt
yeelded
the
King
of
such
Ecclesiasticall
Tenths
and
duties
as
were
often
or
annually
paid
unto
the
Pope
in
former
times
.
FINIS
.