Scanderbeg
the
Second
;
OR
,
The
Life
of
the
present
King
of
Poland
.
CHAP.
I.
The
Introduction
and
Seasonableness
of
the
History
:
An
Account
of
this
Noble
Family
of
the
Sobieski
,
and
the
Parents
of
this
Illustrious
Prince
.
THE
Stupendious
Atchievments
of
the
present
King
of
Poland
,
his
incomparable
Valour
,
joyn'd
with
an
equal
Prudence
of
Conduct
,
and
(
through
the
favour
of
Providence
)
attended
with
answerable
Success
,
has
afforded
Matter
of
general
Discourse
and
Admiration
:
and
the
Obligations
he
has
lately
laid
upon
all
Christendom
,
in
repelling
the
barbarous
incursions
of
the
Mahumetans
,
threatning
,
like
an
impetuous
Torrent
,
to
overflow
Germany
;
after
which
,
no
Christian
Kingdom
or
State
could
have
promised
it self
security
from
that
terrible
Inundation
;
as
it
must
in
point
of
Gratitude
,
have
excited
all
this
part
of
the
world
to
pay
the
iust
Tribute
of
their
Praises
to
his
immortal
Fame
;
so
it
cannot
but
have
jnspir'd
them
with
curious
desires
to
be
acquainted
with
the
whole
History
of
that
Illustrious
Hero
:
For
who
can
be
but
impatient
to
know
the
first
Bloomings
of
a
Tree
which
has
yielded
such
happy
Fruit
,
and
to
the
Shade
of
whose
prosperous
Arms
(
next
the
Divine
Protection
)
they
owe
their
Repose
,
To
enquire
after
the
past
Actions
of
his
Life
,
as
well
as
the
present
which
have
been
performed
on
the
publick
Theatre
;
to
understand
the
Family
he
derives
from
(
since
rarely
extraordinary
Branches
grow
up
but
from
eminent
Roots
;
and
Streams
usually
relish
of
the
Fountain
whence
they
proceed
.
)
To
trace
the
progress
of
his
younger
years
,
and
those
signal
Services
whereby
he
deserved
before
he
wore
a
Crown
;
for
Sovereignty
,
which
in
almost
all
other
Kingdoms
is
(
under
God
)
the
designation
of
Nature
,
by
Chance
of
Birth
,
is
there
the
sole
Guerdon
or
Reward
of
superlative
Merit
,
where
(
as
of
old
at
Rome
)
there
is
no
arriving
at
the
chief
Temple
of
Honour
,
but
by
passing
through
That
of
the
highest
Vertue
.
My
Endeavour
therefore
shall
be
to
gratifie
such
a
just
and
becoming
Curiosity
,
by
Publishing
the
entire
Memoires
of
this
most
Excellent
Prince
hitherto
;
and
though
I
am
sensible
such
have
been
his
astonishing
Actions
,
as
may
be
apt
in
after-times
to
render
whoever
attempts
his
History
,
suspected
of
Flattery
or
Romance
(
since
there
want
not
some
Scepticks
,
who
causlesly
think
all
the
mighty
Exploits
of
Alexander
the
Great
,
to
be
only
the
Fumes
of
Grecian
Rhetorick
,
and
worthy
of
no
more
solid
Credit
than
the
Fictions
of
Poets
,
or
more
modern
Extravagancies
of
Pomish
Legends
)
yet
I
am
relieved
against
such
Censures
,
by
Publishing
these
Memorials
in
the
same
Age
wherein
the
Wonders
therein
Recorded
,
were
Transacted
,
and
dare
appeal
to
all
the
World
as
Witnesses
,
whilst
the
Ottoman
Port
trembles
to
behold
her
Crescent
Moon
forc'd
by
the
bright
Northern
Star
into
a
waning
Posture
;
whilst
the
Plains
of
Caminick
retain
yet
a
Vermilion
Die
from
the
Blood
of
vanquish'd
Infidels
,
and
Vienna's
relieved
Walls
are
all
hung
round
with
glorious
Trophies
of
his
Victories
,
it
must
be
the
highest
Effrontery
as
well
as
Ingratitude
for
any
to
go
about
to
lessen
his
Renown
,
since
it
cannot
be
done
but
by
opposing
such
notorious
Truths
.
This
Valiant
Prince
is
descended
both
by
the
Paternal
and
Maternal
Line
,
of
as
ancient
Noble
Families
as
most
in
Poland
;
his
Father
being
James
Sobiesky
Castellan
of
Cracovia
,
a
person
no
less
eminent
for
Abilities
in
Affairs
of
State
,
than
for
his
Courage
and
Conduct
in
the
Field
;
who
was
employed
in
the
year
1621.
as
Ambassador
and
Plenipotentiary
of
that
Crown
upon
a
Treaty
of
Peace
,
which
by
his
Prudence
and
Address
was
happily
concluded
upon
honourable
terms
with
the
Sultan
Osman
;
and
distinguisht
himself
by
his
Merit
on
many
other
important
Occasions
,
and
after
several
great
Services
faithfully
performed
for
his
Countrey
,
exchanged
this
transitory
Life
for
Immortality
,
in
the
Year
of
our
Lord
1646.
His
Mother
was
one
of
the
Daughters
of
Stanislaus
Zoltiewski
,
Grand
Chancellor
,
and
General
of
the
Crown
,
who
bravely
fought
that
memorable
Battel
of
Cicora
,
on
the
19th
.
of
September
,
1620.
And
tho
he
was
again
five
times
attacqu'd
by
the
Turks
on
the
Second
of
October
following
,
yet
he
gallantly
repuls'd
them
,
till
at
last
being
overpower'd
with
Numbers
,
and
abandon'd
by
his
Followers
,
he
was
slain
,
most
couragiously
fighting
amongst
the
thickest
Troops
of
the
Infidels
,
on
the
6th
.
of
the
same
Month
,
and
in
the
73.
Year
of
his
Age
.
His
Grand-Child
,
the
illustrious
Theme
of
our
History
,
and
the
worlds
present
Wonder
,
was
but
a
younger
Brother
,
yet
gave
in
his
early
Youth
all
the
blooming
Presages
of
a
growing
Hero
;
to
further
which
,
his
careful
Parents
were
not
wanting
to
cultivate
his
greener
Years
to
the
best
advantage
,
allowing
him
an
Education
sutable
to
his
Birth
and
Hopes
;
wherein
he
made
a
quick
,
yet
solid
Progress
,
endeavouring
to
surmount
the
Glories
of
his
Ancestors
by
an
acquisition
of
the
most
commendable
Qualities
;
for
after
he
had
imbib'd
all
the
Learning
which
his
Countrey
afforded
,
and
was
become
well
acquainted
with
the
Learned
Languages
,
the
Latine
Tongue
being
there
almost
in
as
frequent
use
as
the
Vulgar
;
he
travell'd
to
enrich
himself
with
Foreign
Experience
and
Accomplishments
,
and
came
into
France
with
his
Elder
Brother
Mark
,
who
afterwards
(
having
given
most
signal
Testimonies
of
his
Courage
)
was
unfortunately
slain
by
the
Turks
at
the
Defeat
of
Betow
.
During
his
Stay
at
Paris
,
he
diligently
applied
himself
to
the
best
Exercises
,
as
frequenting
the
Academies
,
Fencing
,
the
Menage
,
&c.
And
tho
then
but
young
,
did
by
his
prudent
,
manly
deportment
,
contract
a
great
acquaintance
with
many
persons
of
Prime
Quality
in
the
French
Court
,
who
regarded
him
with
a
particular
Esteem
:
But
hitherto
he
was
only
laying
in
a
Stock
of
Merit
and
Materials
for
a
Foundation
able
to
bear
up
such
a
vast
Superstructure
of
Gallantry
,
which
in
his
active
mind
he
had
already
designed
;
and
therefore
thinking
it
long
till
he
might
be
actually
serviceable
to
his
Countrey
,
after
he
had
taken
not
a
superficial
view
only
of
the
fairest
Parts
of
Europe
,
but
throughly
considered
their
Manners
and
Interests
,
their
Laws
,
and
Military
Discipline
,
their
Strength
,
Defects
,
Polities
,
Obligations
,
Intanglements
,
and
in
a
word
,
all
that
is
necessary
for
a
Person
of
Quality
to
observe
in
his
Travels
,
he
hastned
home
;
where
after
several
Specimens
of
his
Valour
and
Discretion
,
in
quality
of
a
Senator
,
he
was
by
the
then
King
Cassimir
,
made
first
Grand
Master
of
the
Crown
,
Aug.
24
,
1665.
and
afterwards
(
in
1667
)
Grand
General
of
the
Realm
,
and
Grand
Master
of
the
Kings
Houshold
,
Palatine
of
Cracovia
,
&c
,
on
the
several
occasions
and
Traverses
of
affairs
herein
after
mentioned
.
But
first
for
the
Readers
better
apprehending
the
Nature
of
these
Honours
and
Preferments
,
and
of
many
other
Passages
which
we
shall
have
on
to
mention
in
the
Sequel
of
this
Work
;
it
will
be
requisite
for
him
in
general
to
be
somewhat
acquainted
with
the
particular
Constitution
of
the
Goverumens
,
and
past
History
of
that
Kingdom
.
CHAP.
II
.
The
Kingdom
of
Poland
,
and
its
Laws
and
Customs
described
;
with
a
brief
Deduction
of
the
State
thereof
for
some
Hundreds
of
Years
past
.
POland
is
generally
agreed
to
take
its
Name
from
Pole
or
Poln
,
which
in
the
Sclavonian
Language
signifies
a
Plain
,
or
place
proper
for
the
Chase
:
For
that
the
Countrey
is
there
Composed
of
vast
Campagn
and
level
Woods
,
very
fit
for
Hunting
;
but
Orichovius
(
himself
a
Polander
)
denies
this
Derivation
,
and
tells
us
't
was
first
call'd
Polachia
,
from
Lachus
,
their
first
King
or
Leader
.
This
Country
,
as
it
has
now
annext
the
Great
Dukedom
of
Lithuania
,
and
other
Provinces
,
may
be
numbred
amongst
the
largest
Kingdoms
of
Europe
,
extending
from
about
the
48th
.
degree
of
Latitude
,
unto
the
57th
,
and
from
the
38th
.
of
Longitude
,
unto
the
60th
.
making
in
the
whole
a
much
greater
Continent
than
France
:
Being
bounded
on
the
East
,
for
the
most
part
by
Muscovy
,
and
in
some
places
by
the
Petite
Tartars
.
Towards
the
South
the
Carpathian
Mountains
,
and
the
River
Neister
divide
it
from
Hungary
,
Transylvania
,
and
Moldavia
.
On
the
West
,
it
borders
on
Germany
,
and
touches
on
the
Baltick
Sea
;
and
on
the
North
they
have
Livonia
(
belonging
to
the
Crown
of
Sweden
)
and
part
of
Muscovy
.
The
Air
of
this
Country
is
pure
,
and
the
Soil
fruitful
.
The
chief
Commodities
are
Furs
,
Honey
,
Wax
,
Buff-Hides
,
and
other
Skins
,
Masts
for
Ships
,
and
other
Timber
for
Building
,
Flax
,
Pot-Ashes
,
all
sorts
of
Grain
,
and
Rye
in
abundance
,
whereby
it
hath
made
the
City
of
Dantzick
famous
.
The
Nobility
and
Gentry
are
free
,
magnificent
,
and
very
tenacious
and
jealous
of
their
Liberties
;
but
the
Peasants
or
Common
People
are
no
better
than
Slaves
;
so
much
subjection
they
are
in
to
their
Lords
,
who
treat
them
with
the
greatest
Tyranny
in
the
World
;
their
Lives
being
assessed
at
a
certain
Price
;
and
accordingly
a
Gentleman
there
values
his
Servants
or
Tenants
,
that
is
,
if
any
of
his
Neighbours
kill
one
of
them
,
paying
such
a
Rate
,
there
's
an
end
of
the
Business
.
The
publick
establish'd
Religion
is
Roman
Catholick
,
tho
the
Light
of
the
Reformation
darted
thither
its
Beams
from
Germany
;
but
the
good
Seed
faling
into
an
ill
Ground
,
the
Ignorance
of
the
Inhabitants
being
very
great
,
and
no
publick
Care
taken
for
regulating
or
encouraging
the
Purity
of
Doctrine
amongst
them
,
and
the
Papists
,
being
willing
to
connive
at
,
if
not
promote
extravagant
Opinions
;
(
that
they
the
more
might
have
somewhat
wherewith
to
upbraid
Protestants
)
several
Heterodox
Opinions
have
long
since
there
taken
footing
:
but
above
the
rest
Socinianism
;
an
Instance
whereof
,
is
the
Cracovian
Catechism
;
other
Books
deriving
their
Original
from
thence
:
Their
Language
is
a
Dialect
of
the
Sclavonian
;
but
most
of
them
do
also
speak
Latine
.
As
to
the
Government
,
't
is
the
only
Kingdom
or
Royalty
(
under
which
Term
I
intend
not
to
include
the
Empire
)
that
is
at
this
day
Elective
in
Europe
;
for
tho
the
Crown
of
Denmark
were
generally
so
for
many
Ages
,
till
in
the
Year
1660.
the
Senate
of
that
Kingdom
were
made
(
or
forc'd
)
to
alter
it
,
yet
now
his
Majesty
of
Denmark
writes
himself
Hereditary
King
of
Denmark
,
as
well
as
of
Nerway
.
't
is
commonly
believ'd
,
that
the
first
People
(
of
whom
we
have
any
Records
left
)
entring
Poland
,
were
the
Huns
and
Sclavonians
,
whom
,
Orichorius
says
,
came
from
about
Macedonia
,
and
yet
retain
in
their
vulgar
Tongue
some
relish
of
the
Greek
Language
;
and
that
they
having
driven
thence
the
Suevi
and
Goths
,
and
other
People
who
were
possest
of
all
that
Tract
of
Land
from
the
River
Vistula
,
even
to
the
Elb
;
at
last
one
Lechus
,
(
or
rather
Lachus
)
made
himself
their
Chief
,
about
the
Year
of
our
Lord
350
,
and
commenced
the
Monarchy
of
Poland
;
from
whom
there
are
reckoned
14
Princes
to
Miesko
(
or
Micislas
)
who
began
his
Dominion
,
Anno
964.
and
was
the
first
Christian
Duke
of
that
Country
,
being
Baptized
upon
his
Marriage
with
a
Daughter
of
Boleslas
Duke
of
Bohemia
,
the
7th
.
of
March
,
965.
To
this
Micislas
,
his
Son
,
Named
Boleslas
,
succeeded
in
the
Year
999.
and
was
by
the
Emperor
Otho
the
3d
.
(
going
to
visit
the
Tomb
of
St.
Adelbert
,
whom
those
of
Prussia
had
slain
)
Created
King
.
After
whom
came
Micislas
the
Second
,
Father
of
Casimir
the
First
;
followed
by
his
Son
Boleslas
the
Second
,
Sirnamed
The
Cruel
;
for
that
he
put
to
Death
Stanislaus
Bishop
of
Cracovia
;
for
punishment
whereof
,
Poland
lost
the
Title
of
a
Kingdom
;
and
was
governed
by
several
Princes
or
Regents
,
till
it
again
recovered
the
Quality
of
a
Realm
under
King
Primislaus
,
about
the
Year
1295.
To
whom
succeeded
Ladislas
the
Third
;
who
after
four
years
was
expelled
;
and
Vinceslas
,
King
of
Bohemia
,
chosen
in
his
room
;
but
after
five
years
Ladislas
was
reestablished
;
and
next
came
Casimir
the
Third
,
called
The
Great
.
After
whom
,
Lewis
King
of
Hungary
,
being
chosen
King
of
Poland
,
left
two
Daughters
;
the
younger
of
which
,
being
declared
Queen
,
Married
wirh
Jagellon
Great
Duke
of
Lithuania
,
who
,
upon
these
Espousals
,
being
Baptized
(
for
before
he
was
a
Pagan
)
was
accepted
for
King
,
and
his
Countreys
were
united
to
the
Kingdom
of
Poland
,
about
the
Year
1386.
He
at
his
Christning
taking
the
Name
of
Ladislas
;
who
had
for
his
Successors
Ladislas
the
Fourth
,
and
Ladislas
the
Fifth
,
King
of
Hungary
,
and
Casimir
the
Fourth
,
and
John
Albertus
,
and
Alexander
and
Sigismund
the
first
and
second
:
Which
last
dying
without
Children
,
in
the
Year
1572.
the
Polanders
chose
Henry
Duke
of
Anjou
(
second
Son
of
King
Henry
the
Second
of
France
)
who
was
Crowned
Febr
.
15
,
1574.
But
that
Prince
being
advised
of
the
Death
of
his
Brother
Charles
the
9th
.
quitted
his
Elective
Crown
of
Poland
,
to
take
up
that
of
France
,
falling
to
him
by
Inheritance
,
in
the
Year
1576.
After
whose
Recess
,
the
Poles
not
agreeing
in
their
Election
,
one
Party
named
Stephen
Batheri
,
Prince
of
Transilvania
;
and
the
other
Maximilian
Arch-Duke
of
Austria
;
which
occasion'd
a
War
between
them
,
But
the
First
carried
it
,
and
died
without
Issue
,
1586.
Then
Sigismund
(
the
Third
King
of
Poland
of
that
Name
)
Son
of
John
,
King
of
Sweden
,
was
chosen
to
the
Throne
;
soon
after
which
,
his
Father
dying
,
he
was
also
Crowned
King
of
Sweden
;
but
having
been
secretly
bred
by
his
Mother
(
who
was
a
Papist
)
in
her
Religion
(
unknown
to
his
Father
,
who
was
a
zealous
Protestant
)
and
he
having
upon
his
Election
to
the
Diadem
of
Poland
,
made
publick
Profession
of
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
,
the
States
of
Sweden
,
upon
their
Receiving
and
Crowning
him
King
,
oblig'd
him
to
Conditions
of
maintaining
their
then
received
Religion
(
which
was
as
still
it
is
,
the
Lutheran
Perswasion
)
and
that
he
should
no
way
endeavour
the
introducing
of
Popery
;
which
Articles
he
soon
after
violating
,
by
erecting
,
or
suffering
Popish
Churches
,
and
placing
Roman
Catholicks
to
be
Governors
of
Castles
,
Forts
,
and
Places
of
Importance
and
Trust
,
whereby
they
perceived
his
Resolutions
to
bring
in
upon
them
that
Religion
;
they
revolted
,
and
accusing
him
of
Breach
of
Faith
,
&c.
proceeded
to
depose
him
,
and
set
up
his
Unkle
Charles
(
the
Third
Son
of
his
Grandfather
Gustavus
Errickson
)
in
his
stead
.
Hence
arose
the
Foundation
of
Fewds
and
Wars
between
Poland
and
Sweden
;
Sigismund
prosecuting
his
Claim
and
Pretensions
,
and
Charles
justifying
his
Election
;
which
Quarrel
descended
to
their
Posterity
;
for
Sigismund
dying
in
the
Year
1632.
Ladislaus
his
Eldest
Son
followed
;
who
also
departing
this
Life
in
1648.
his
Brother
Casimir
was
chosen
,
who
Reigned
Twenty
Years
,
and
then
(
as
we
shall
shew
more
at
large
in
the
following
Pages
)
voluntarily
surren●
dring
the
Crown
,
Michael
Corib●●
Wiesnowiski
was
chosen
King
of
Poland
,
and
he
dying
in
1673.
this
Joh●
Sobietski
by
his
Merits
,
and
those
extraordinary
Services
he
had
rendre●
his
Countrey
,
was
unanimously
Elected
King
.
I
thought
it
not
unnecessary
to
give
this
short
Deduction
,
since
it
may
very
much
serve
to
illustrate
after-Passages
;
as
also
it
will
be
convenient
to
acquaint
the
Reader
,
That
the
Kings
of
Poland
being
thus
Elective
,
are
very
much
restrained
and
limited
in
their
Power
;
some
Authors
telling
us
,
That
the
King
takes
an
Oath
not
only
to
Govern
according
to
the
Laws
,
Statutes
and
Customs
of
the
Kingdom
,
to
maintain
the
Rights
and
Priviledges
of
every
Order
,
and
not
to
diminish
the
Revenues
of
the
Realm
;
but
also
that
there
is
a
Clause
in
his
Oath
,
amounting
to
the
Absolving
of
the
People
from
their
Obedience
in
case
he
Rule
otherwise
:
But
as
the
latter
seems
strange
,
and
yet
is
no
more
than
what
●n
effect
is
contained
in
the
Aurea
Bulla
,
or
Fundamental
Law
of
Germa●y
,
in
relation
to
the
Emperor
,
and
●herefore
may
probably
be
true
;
yet
●n
the
form
of
the
old
Oath
of
the
●olish
Kings
,
Publish'd
by
Orichovius
,
〈◇〉
do
not
find
any
mention
of
it
.
However
,
this
is
on
all
hands
agreed
,
That
by
the
ancient
Constitution
,
Laws
and
Customs
of
that
Kingdom
,
the
King
can
do
nothing
considerable
without
the
consent
of
the
Estates
;
and
that
he
must
in
making
Peace
or
War
,
levying
of
Taxes
,
alienating
Lands
belonging
to
the
Crown
,
or
ought
else
of
importance
to
the
Commonwealth
,
have
the
advice
and
concurrence
of
the
Senate
.
As
the
Nobles
have
such
an
influence
on
the
Supream
Government
,
so
subordinately
they
assume
(
or
have
formerly
done
it
)
a
greater
pow●
than
they
allow
to
their
King
hi●
self
;
for
in
their
several
and
respectiv●
Seigniories
,
they
behave
themselves
〈◇〉
absolute
Lords
;
the
Realm
being
d●vided
into
Thirty
four
Palatinates
〈◇〉
Governments
;
each
of
which
has
u●der
him
Castelains
,
that
is
to
say
,
Ca●tains
or
Governors
of
Cities
;
of
who●
there
are
in
Poland
in
all
about
t●●
number
of
87.
As
for
their
Grand
Ecclesiastick●
they
have
two
Archbishops
,
viz.
〈◇〉
Gnesna
and
Leopold
(
there
was
fo●
merly
another
at
Riga
,
till
that
Cit●
fell
under
the
Swede
.
)
The
Arch-B●shop
of
Gnesna
is
the
prime
Senator
〈◇〉
State
,
and
upon
the
Death
of
a
King
he
hath
the
chief
Management
of
A●fairs
,
and
issues
out
Precepts
for
th●
Election
of
a
new
Prince
,
and
adm●nisters
the
Oaths
to
him
when
he
i●
chosen
.
Their
most
important
Affairs
are
●●solved
on
and
determined
in
Diets
〈◇〉
Parliaments
held
after
this
manner
;
●he
King
by
his
Chancellor
sends
to
the
●relates
and
Palatines
his
Letters
call'd
●●structionis
Literae
[
Letters
of
Instru●tion
]
which
mention
the
Matters
●●at
his
Majesty
will
propose
to
the
Assembly
,
and
appoints
the
Time
of
●heir
Meeting
;
which
Letters
be●ng
received
,
each
of
the
Senators
●onsiders
in
particular
the
Nature
,
the
Quality
,
and
the
Consequences
of
●hose
things
,
touching
which
he
has
●iberty
to
give
his
Vote
as
he
pleases
,
●ither
in
reference
to
the
Publick
Good
,
or
his
Private
Interest
.
But
besides
this
,
the
King
also
sends
his
Letters
into
every
Palatinate
,
acquainting
them
when
the
Nobless
is
to
assemble
;
and
willing
them
to
chuse
one
or
more
Representatives
of
their
Province
,
whom
they
called
Land-Nuntio's
;
and
for
this
purpose
,
they
have
a
Convention
held
in
each
County
,
call'd
The
Landt-Jag
,
si●
weeks
before
the
Session
of
the
Diet●
at
which
a
Commissioner
from
the
King
is
present
,
who
declares
wha●
is
to
be
debated
in
the
ensuing
Parliament
on
his
Majesties
part
:
Upo●
which
they
deliberate
,
and
then
chuse
Members
for
their
several
Provinces
,
giving
them
their
Instructions
(
which
they
must
exactly
follow
)
in
reference
to
the
Kings
Desires
,
and
withall
a
Liberty
to
propound
what
they
shall
find
conducible
to
the
Good
o●
their
Countrey
.
Now
this
distinct
Body
of
Nuntio's
tho
less
in
dignity
than
the
Senate
,
ye●
equal
to
them
in
Authority
,
is
a
Ballance
to
the
Senators
,
controuling
o●
them
,
if
from
the
Bounty
or
Temptations
of
the
King
,
they
should
prove
corrupted
or
byass'd
to
the
endangering
of
their
Liberties
.
And
therefore
they
generally
chuse
the
most
prudent
and
sufficient
Persons
to
that
Trust
;
and
indeed
they
had
need
be
wise
;
for
such
is
their
Constitution
,
That
if
in
the
Diet
,
upon
any
Debate
,
there
shall
happen
but
one
single
Gentleman
(
be
he
Senator
or
Nuntio
)
to
dissent
,
and
obstinately
persist
therein
,
nothing
can
be
Concluded
by
all
the
rest
on
that
Point
;
and
therefore
all
their
Determinations
are
made
with
an
unanimous
Suffrage
,
or
(
as
they
commonly
express
it
)
Nemine
reclamante
.
Besides
the
Palatinates
,
the
Cities
of
Cracow
,
Dantzick
and
Vilna
,
have
the
priviledge
to
send
their
Deputies
to
the
Diet
,
who
have
Seats
in
the
Chamber
of
the
Nobles
:
But
ordinary
Affairs
are
heard
and
dispatch'd
by
Judges
establish'd
in
each
Palatinate
,
and
the
Burgraves
of
each
City
,
where
it
is
permitted
to
all
sorts
of
Persons
to
be
present
;
as
also
in
their
Provincial
Assemblies
;
so
that
the
meanest
Peasant
may
,
if
he
please
,
know
all
.
The
King's
Chief
Revenue
arises
from
Salt-pits
,
and
the
Mines
of
Copper
and
Lead
,
and
in
some
places
Silver
.
He
has
the
Nomination
of
Prelates
,
and
all
Dignities
of
the
Realm
,
and
the
Officers
of
War
,
of
the
Exchequer
,
o●
Justice
,
and
of
Policy
.
The
Highest
Honours
are
these
;
of
the
Grand
Marshal
of
the
Crown
,
Grand
Master
of
the
King's
Houshold
,
the
Grand
Chancellor
,
&c.
CHAP.
III
.
The
Marriage
of
Sobiesky
,
and
his
Advancement
to
the
Charges
of
Grand
Marshal
,
and
General
of
the
Crown
;
wherein
occasionally
is
given
a
Brief
Account
of
the
Reign
of
King
Casimir
,
and
the
manner
of
his
Resigning
the
Crown
.
THough
the
great
Sobiesky
began
early
to
devote
his
Services
to
Mars
,
yet
he
escaped
not
the
sweet
en●anglements
of
Cupid
;
Love
and
Arms
●sually
intermix
the
Stories
of
Heroes
:
●or
as
Valour
is
the
Property
of
Ele●ated
Souls
,
and
a
constant
Inhabi●ant
of
the
most
Generous
Breasts
,
so
●re
they
the
most
susceptible
of
the
Noblest
Passions
:
Nor
is
it
to
be
●eckoned
amongst
the
least
of
his
●ood
Fortunes
,
That
in
his
Youth
he
made
so
brave
a
Conquest
as
the
Heart
of
Madam
Arquiem
,
one
of
the
most
Considerable
Ladies
in
the
Polish
Court
,
both
for
Quality
,
Beauty
,
and
Fortune
;
't
was
the
Charming
Idaea
o●
his
brave
Person
and
Vertues
made
the
first
Impressions
on
her
Soul
,
and
she
had
not
been
wanting
to
testifion
several
Occasions
,
that
his
Addresses
were
not
displeasing
to
her
,
bu●
rather
gave
him
sufficient
grounds
to
promise
himself
the
Happiness
of
he●
Favour
.
But
she
being
one
of
the
Queen
Ladies
of
Honour
,
Her
Majesty
proposed
her
for
a
Match
to
the
Princ●
Zomoski
(
one
of
the
greatest
Palatines
of
that
Kingdom
)
and
in
th●
absence
of
Sobieski
prevailed
so
fa●
on
the
Lady
,
being
then
very
young
and
asham'd
to
own
her
pre-engagement
,
that
she
was
Married
to
tha●
Prince
:
But
he
Living
not
long
,
sh●
being
then
at
Liberty
to
pursue
he
own
Inclinations
,
was
shortly
after
Espoused
to
Sobieski
,
bringing
him
a
Beauty
more
advanced
,
together
with
●he
accession
of
a
vast
Dowry
added
●o
her
proper
Fortunes
;
by
which
Alliance
Heaven
has
blest
him
with
several
Children
,
and
particularly
Prince
Alexander
,
of
whom
we
shall
have
occasion
anon
to
speak
further
,
●he
having
already
Signaliz'd
himself
,
and
shewn
the
World
that
he
resolves
to
follow
the
steps
of
his
Gallant
Father
;
nor
indeed
can
any
but
a
Prince
of
his
promising
Merit
be
fit
to
support
and
advance
that
Mighty
Glory
to
which
he
is
Apparent
Heir
.
The
24th
.
of
August
,
1665.
Castmir
,
then
King
of
Poland
,
thought
fit
to
give
Sobieski
the
Office
of
Grand
Marshal
of
the
Crown
,
in
the
room
of
Lubomirski
,
then
discharged
of
that
Office
for
his
Rebellion
in
Heading
the
Party
called
The
Confederates
,
which
was
like
to
have
destroyed
the
Polish
Kingdom
;
and
concerning
the
Original
of
which
it
will
not
be
unfit
here
to
give
a
brief
Account
.
Casimir
being
Elected
Anno
1648.
to
the
Crown
,
did
,
by
a
Dispensation
from
the
Pope
,
Marry
the
Relict
of
his
Brother
and
Predecessor
Ladislaus
,
a
French
Lady
,
and
of
an●
enterprizing
Temper
,
whose
afterintermedlings
in
Affairs
of
State
,
and
Endeavours
to
promote
a
French
Successor
,
is
thought
to
have
much
contributed
to
the
Disturbances
and
Miseries
of
that
Kingdom
:
But
its
first
Calamities
arose
from
an
Invasion
made
by
Charles
Gustavus
,
King
of
Sweden
,
about
the
Year
1655.
To
which
he
was
disposed
,
partly
by
his
Martial
Temper
,
and
that
Feud
that
had
long
been
between
them
,
by
reason
of
the
Kings
of
Poland's
Pretensions
to
the
Crown
of
Sweden
;
and
partly
,
as
excited
by
Ragieski
,
late
Vice-Chancellor
of
Poland
,
who
having
Married
a
Young
and
very
Beautiful
Lady
,
the
King
,
who
was
Naturally
Amorous
,
Courted
her
,
and
they
long
had
an
Intrigue
together
,
till
Ragieski
at
last
perceiving
it
,
carried
away
his
Wife
from
Court
to
a
Countrey-House
at
a
distance
:
The
King
incensed
to
be
thus
deprived
of
his
Mistress
,
Commands
him
back
to
Court
,
under
pretence
to
render
His
Majesty
the
Services
which
the
Duty
of
his
Office
required
:
But
soon
after
,
he
was
Accused
of
Caballing
against
the
Interests
of
the
State
,
and
holding
Intelligence
with
the
Enemies
of
the
Crown
;
and
notwithstanding
all
the
Opposition
of
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Gnesna
,
Primate
of
the
Realm
,
in
his
Favour
,
Condemned
to
lose
his
Place
,
Forfeit
his
Goods
,
and
be
for
ever
Banish'd
.
The
Parents
and
Kindred
of
this
Noble-man
Murmured
aloud
at
this
procedure
,
and
many
others
stuck
not
to
say
,
that
the
Dignity
,
Priviledges
,
and
Honour
of
the
whole
Nobility
were
violated
in
his
Person
,
and
so
became
dis-affected
towards
the
King
,
whilst
Ragieski
himself
taking
shelter
in
Sweden
,
knew
he
could
no
way
better
ingratiate
there
,
than
by
discovering
the
Weaknesses
of
Poland
,
and
the
Di●contents
that
were
amongst
its
Gran●dees
.
All
which
made
such
Impression
on
the
King
of
Sweden
,
that
notwithstanding
there
was
a
Truce
depending
,
he
entred
Poland
with
a
Formi●
dable
Army
,
and
like
a
Whirlwin●
he
forc'd
his
Passage
,
took
the
Capital
Cities
,
Warsaw
and
Cracow
,
an●
over-run
the
whole
Kingdom
,
ma●
of
the
Palatines
and
Chief
Lord
espousing
his
Party
,
so
that
King
Ca●simir
was
forc'd
to
fly
to
the
Border
almost
generally
deserted
,
only
th●
City
of
Dantzick
persisted
in
u●
movable
Loyalty
;
and
to
their
Fide●
lity
next
under
God
,
Casimir
owe●
the
Recovery
of
his
Kingdom
an●
Crown
.
For
Charles
being
not
ab●●
to
win
that
City
,
and
his
Souldier
committing
all
kind
of
Spoils
an●
Cruelties
,
the
Poles
began
to
forsak●
him
and
return
to
their
Duty
.
Kin●
Casimir
gathered
up
an
Army
able
to
make
Head
against
the
Enemy
,
and
having
worsted
them
in
several
Conflicts
,
and
the
Dane
at
the
same
time
falling
upon
the
Swedish
Territories
at
home
,
that
King
was
fain
to
disgorge
his
Conquests
as
fast
as
he
had
gain'd
them
,
and
Casimir
was
quickly
not
only
Re-establish'd
in
his
Dominio●s
,
but
to
chastise
the
Great
Czar
,
who
had
Assisted
the
Swede
,
carried
the
War
successfully
and
with
mighty
Devastations
into
Muscovy
,
and
obliged
them
to
an
Advantagious
Peace
.
Affairs
being
brought
to
this
Happy
Calm
,
the
King
having
no
Issue
,
nor
like
to
have
any
,
the
Queen-being
a
passionate
Advancer
of
the
French
Interest
,
as
being
her
Native
Countrey
,
moved
the
King
to
procure
a
Successor
Nominated
in
his
Life
time
,
and
strongly
Endeavoured
that
the
Duke
D'Enguien
,
only
Son
of
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
might
be
the
Man
,
and
Marry
her
Neice
,
the
Daughter
of
the
Princess
Pallatine
:
Nor
were
the
French
Pistols
wanting
to
dispose
the
Court-party
to
that
Choice
.
Th●
extreamly
irritated
others
of
th●
Nobles
to
oppose
such
a
Design
amongst
whom
Lubomirski
was
th●
Chief
,
with
whom
a
strong
Part●
joyn'd
,
that
called
themselves
Th●
Confederates
:
But
after
several
Traverses
of
War
,
and
Treaties
betwee●
them
,
he
was
put
to
the
worst
;
hi●
Place
of
Grand
Marshal
taken
from
him
,
and
he
forced
to
Retreat
to
Breslaw
in
Silesia
,
where
he
afterward
dyed
of
a
Palsie
in
Jan.
1666
/
7.
In
the
mean
time
his
Office
o●
Grand
Marshal
was
(
as
you
hav●
heard
)
confer'd
upon
Sobieski
,
and
soon
after
the
Crown-General
Potos●●
departing
this
Life
,
that
Importan●
Charge
was
also
committed
unto
him
though
many
opposed
it
,
alledging
that
it
was
not
fit
two
such
great
Trusts
,
as
Marshal
and
General
should
both
be
managed
by
one
Person
,
and
therefore
would
have
had
the
same
enjoy'd
by
Prince
Demetrius
,
a
Prince
of
great
Interest
and
Merit
.
But
indeed
the
Exigencies
of
Poland
at
that
time
required
no
less
than
the
incomparable
Valour
of
Sobieski
to
Relieve
them
;
For
the
Cossacks
(
who
are
a
People
composed
of
many
Strangers
of
several
Nations
,
but
the
Gross
of
them
consists
of
Polish
Peasants
,
who
to
avoid
the
Servitude
of
the
Nobles
,
have
abandoned
their
Countrey
,
and
withdrawn
themselves
into
the
Ukrain
,
a
Province
bordering
on
the
Turks
and
Tartars
,
plentifully
abounding
with
all
things
necessary
for
Humane
Life
;
where
they
follow
the
Greek
Church
,
as
to
Religion
,
and
have
a
Patriarch
of
their
own
,
Residing
at
the
strong
and
great
City
of
Kioff
:
They
acknowledge
themselves
generally
Subjects
to
the
King
of
Poland
,
and
serve
him
in
repelling
the
Incursions
of
the
Infidels
without
any
Pay
,
being
always
in
Arms
for
their
own
Security
,
but
their
Resentment
is
so
violent
against
the
Nobles
,
and
the
ill
will
of
the
latter
so
great
against
them
,
to
reduce
them
to
an
intire
Vassalage
,
that
they
are
frequently
in
Arms
on
against
the
other
.
)
These
Cossacks
,
〈◇〉
say
,
having
now
joyn'd
with
the
Tartars
,
and
promised
Assistance
from
the
Turks
,
Invaded
the
Frontiers
with
great
Spoils
,
taking
the
Town
o●
Podhays
,
and
blockt
up
Russe-Lemberg
against
whom
General
Sobieski
advan●cing
about
Sept.
1667.
was
by
reason
of
their
numbers
reduced
to
grea●
streights
,
they
having
surrounded
him
with
their
Army
,
but
Animating
hi●
Men
by
his
Exemplary
Courage
,
h●
issued
out
upon
them
with
a
great
slaughter
of
the
Enemy
,
and
little
loss
on
his
side
;
and
so
not
only
quitted
himself
of
those
disadvantages
but
brought
them
to
conclude
a
Treaty
on
the
Terms
following
.
First
as
to
the
Tartars
:
1.
That
there
should
be
an
Amnesty
for
all
things
done
in
the
late
War
,
till
the
Signing
of
the
Treaty
.
2.
That
if
any
Differences
should
for
the
future
arise
,
they
should
not
presently
return
to
Arms
,
but
endeavour
to
Reconcile
them
by
their
Envoys
.
3.
The
Sultan
Gilga
,
in
the
Name
of
the
Cham
of
Tartary
his
Master
,
Engaged
himself
to
be
an
Enemy
to
all
such
as
should
make
War
upon
the
Poles
,
and
to
Assist
them
with
Forces
when-ever
required
,
for
which
the
Poles
were
to
pay
them
a
Yearly
Penston
,
and
for
so
doing
to
give
Hostages
,
until
the
States
(
which
were
to
be
Assembled
about
January
following
)
should
have
raised
Money
for
their
present
satisfaction
.
4.
That
the
Cham
should
not
Quarter
any
of
his
Forces
in
Ukrania
,
or
any
other
part
of
the
King
of
Poland's
Dominions
without
his
consent
.
5.
That
if
any
of
the
Foreign
Forces
which
had
been
in
the
Army
of
the
Cham
should
make
any
Incursions
into
Poland
,
he
should
neither
give
them
Assistance
nor
Protection
.
6.
That
Prisoners
on
both
side
should
be
Released
;
and
that
Sultan
Galga's
Forces
should
comm●
no
Disorders
in
their
Return
.
The
Treaty
with
Doroskensko
,
General
of
the
Cossacks
,
was
thus
:
1.
That
they
should
have
a
General
Pardon
.
2.
That
they
should
seek
no
other
Protection
than
from
His
Majesty
of
Poland
,
and
that
the
Pole●
that
live
amongst
them
may
quietly
enjoy
their
Estates
,
as
the
Cossack
should
what
they
possess'd
in
Poland
.
3.
That
the
Army
of
Zaporanisk●
may
send
their
Deputies
to
the
States
of
Poland
,
and
that
none
of
His
Majesties
Forces
should
be
sent
into
any
of
their
Cities
and
Towns
.
4.
That
the
Governour
of
Biala-Cieurky
should
be
Ordered
not
to
disturb
the
Cossacks
.
't
is
most
true
,
that
the
Grand
Marshal
had
done
abundance
of
Illustrious
Actions
,
which
render
him
worthy
of
that
Figure
he
has
since
made
in
the
World
,
but
it
must
be
avowed
,
that
this
was
so
eminent
,
as
it
might
alone
have
entituled
him
to
the
Reversion
of
that
Crown
,
which
he
now
enjoys
with
so
much
Glory
:
For
in
that
Juncture
,
considering
with
what
Conduct
and
fore-sight
he
prevented
such
a
pressing
Danger
,
and
the
Advantages
of
these
Treaties
,
wherein
the
Honour
of
the
King
was
conserv'd
,
and
the
Realm
set
at
Peace
,
nothing
could
be
more
seasonable
,
or
worthy
of
Praise
.
But
still
the
General
well
knowing
that
the
Tartars
are
a
People
that
use
not
to
be
very
much
slaves
to
their
words
,
and
that
without
doubt
they
had
some
amongst
them
,
which
in
their
March
homewards
,
would
Ramble
abroad
to
Plunder
,
put
himself
in
the
Head
of
a
Party
of
Horse
to
observe
their
Motions
,
and
finding
a
Detachment
of
them
near
Jarnipolis
beginning
to
Pillage
,
came
suddenly
upon
them
,
slew
divers
,
and
force
the
rest
to
fly
to
their
Main
Body
.
The
General
Diet
met
not
till
Fe●
24.
at
Cracow
,
where
the
matter
〈◇〉
the
Succession
being
taken
into
Debate
,
the
States
publish'd
a
Remonstrance
of
the
following
purport
.
That
whereas
all
the
Difference
and
Troubles
which
have
lately
arise
in
this
Kingdom
,
have
sprung
from
no
other
cause
than
the
Electio●
(
which
some
Persons
intended
t●
have
made
)
of
a
Successor
to
th●
Crown
during
the
Life
of
our
present
King
:
For
the
timely
prevention
of
so
great
an
Inconvenience
.
We
by
these
Presents
,
Declare
to
th●
World
our
dissatisfaction
in
that
point
,
and
that
in
case
of
an
Interregnum
,
should
His
Majesty
(
to
whom
we
wish
a
long
and
happy
Life
)
depart
this
World
,
We
have
Covenanted
and
Agreed
amongst
ou●
selves
to
resume
and
observe
all
and
every
point
of
the
Order
made
concerning
Elections
;
as
also
the
Diploma
of
Sigismund
the
Third
,
and
in
no
wise
to
allow
of
or
consent
to
any
such
Election
during
His
Majesties
Life
,
but
to
hold
and
Esteem
all
and
every
Person
that
shall
be
found
to
Oppose
the
same
,
as
Enemies
to
our
Countrey
.
And
if
any
Ministers
of
Foreign
Potentates
shall
endeavour
to
advance
their
own
Interest
by
Encouraging
any
such
Election
,
We
shall
declare
and
proceed
against
them
(
notwithstanding
the
Law
of
Nations
)
as
Enemies
of
our
Countrey
.
And
whensoever
His
Majesty
shall
depart
this
Life
,
we
shall
,
according
to
our
Obligation
,
immediately
upon
the
News
thereof
,
proceed
to
the
Election
of
a
New
King
,
without
expecting
an
Universal
Diet
.
Further
declaring
,
that
whoever
shall
forcibly
endeavour
to
obtain
the
Crown
,
shall
be
proceeded
against
as
a
common
Enemy
.
Hereupon
the
matter
of
Chusing
a
Successor
was
laid
aside
,
and
during
these
Disputes
,
the
Queen
of
Poland
dyed
,
which
together
with
the
Discontents
of
that
ill-regulated
Government
,
and
the
perpetual
Turmoils
he
was
in
,
induced
the
King
to
an
irrevocable
Resolution
to
Resign
the
Crown
,
and
betake
himself
to
the
Solace
of
a
private
Life
.
To
which
purpose
,
at
a
Convention
of
the
Senators
,
June
12.
1668.
He
by
his
Chancellor
gave
in
to
them
the
following
Paper
.
It
is
not
unknown
to
your
Lordships
,
That
it
hath
been
long
since
the
intention
of
His
Majesty
,
even
during
the
Life
of
his
Royal
Consort
the
Queen
,
of
Glorious
Memory
,
but
especially
since
Her
Majesties
Decease
,
to
Resign
the
Government
of
the
Kingdom
.
To
put
this
Resolution
into
due
effect
,
His
Majesty
hath
only
expected
a
convenient
Season
and
good
Opportunity
,
having
been
forced
upon
the
account
of
the
late
Confederation
,
the
Wars
with
the
Muscovites
abroad
,
and
the
Commotions
at
home
,
to
defer
the
Execution
thereof
until
now
.
For
as
much
as
it
was
to
be
feared
,
that
during
these
Disturbances
and
Unsettlements
,
the
Republick
might
be
highly
endangered
by
an
Inter-Regnum
:
But
now
,
since
by
the
Divine
Goodness
,
Peace
appears
again
at
home
,
and
a
Truce
is
concluded
with
the
Muscovite
,
His
Majesty
is
fully
Resolved
with
all
convenient
speed
to
execute
his
said
Intention
;
to
which
he
is
induced
upon
sundry
private
Considerations
,
and
particularly
by
his
great
Indisposition
of
Body
,
which
disables
him
any
longer
to
support
the
Burthen
of
this
Kingdom
:
His
own
Conscience
also
requiring
some
interval
of
Retirement
between
the
Cares
of
Government
and
the
end
of
his
Life
.
But
above
all
,
having
especial
regard
to
the
Publick
Peace
and
Prosperity
,
since
His
Majesty
finds
,
that
to
break
the
Malice
of
those
Men
,
who
by
misrepresenting
his
good
Intentions
,
continually
perplex
the
Republick
with
the
Jealousies
of
a
forcible
Election
,
he
cannot
but
by
his
own
demissie
give
them
this
certain
mark
of
h●
Royal
Affection
by
leaving
them
〈◇〉
an
intire
exercise
of
a
Free
Choice
.
For
these
Reasons
His
Majesty
after
Mature
Deliberation
,
Declare
That
he
will
Resign
the
Crown
in●●
the
hands
of
the
Republick
,
wit●
out
Reflecting
on
the
Counsels
〈◇〉
your
Lordships
and
the
several
F●reign
dissuasions
from
this
Resoltion
:
For
His
Majesty
hath
not
no●
Assembled
your
Lordships
to
as
your
Advice
whether
he
should
R●sign
or
not
,
since
he
means
not
all
to
submit
his
firm
and
irrevoc●ble
Resolution
to
any
Arbitramen●
nor
to
hearken
to
any
Considerat●ons
or
Intreaties
that
can
be
offere●
to
the
contrary
,
but
only
that
〈◇〉
might
Advise
with
you
about
th●
Manner
and
Solemnity
of
his
R●signation
,
that
so
this
Work
may
b●
done
with
most
Advantage
for
th●
safety
of
the
Republick
,
the
sec●rity
of
the
Peace
during
the
Int●
Regnum
,
and
the
greatest
Freedom
in
the
future
Election
.
And
to
the
intent
His
Majesty
may
perform
what
is
requisite
on
his
part
for
the
fore-mentioned
Ends
,
to
put
to
shame
those
Malicious
Persons
,
whose
Tongues
have
given
out
,
as
if
he
had
already
transacted
with
a
Foreign
Prince
:
He
is
so
far
inclined
to
concur
with
the
Republick
for
a
Free
Election
,
that
he
desires
not
so
much
as
to
Recommend
to
them
any
one
of
the
Candidates
;
and
to
the
end
his
presence
may
not
administer
the
least
Umbrage
of
disturbing
their
Freedom
,
His
Majesty
is
Resolved
,
during
the
Election
,
to
remove
from
Warsaw
.
Nor
will
His
Majesty
be
troublesome
to
the
Republick
upon
the
account
of
his
own
future
Interest
,
assuring
himself
,
That
the
Commonwealth
in
their
approaching
Election
,
will
cause
to
be
inserted
the
Articles
of
Capitulation
,
That
the
succeeding
Regent
shall
take
due
care
for
a
fixed
Maintenance
of
him
after
h●
Resignation
.
And
this
is
that
which
His
Majesty
was
willing
to
propose
to
you
Lordships
Consideration
,
That
yo●
would
agree
on
such
away
of
R●signation
as
might
be
safe
to
all
concernments
,
to
himself
Honourabl●
and
expedient
for
the
Republick
Declaring
,
That
he
intends
to
preceed
thereunto
in
the
next
Die●
which
he
much
desires
may
be
A●sembled
the
first
of
August
,
to
th●
end
,
that
the
Solemnities
of
th●
Inter-Regnum
and
the
Election
ma●
be
ended
before
the
next
Winter
.
Pursuant
to
this
Resolution
,
o●
the
16th
.
of
September
following
,
th●
Estates
being
Assembled
in
the
Cast●
of
Warsaw
,
King
Casimir
made
t●
them
the
following
Speech
.
My
Lords
,
YOu
see
at
last
that
moment
wherein
your
King
and
your
Father
,
to
consummate
that
affection
with
those
of
his
Family
,
for
more
than
two
hundred
years
past
,
have
had
for
your
publick
Weal
,
finding
himself
too
weak
to
support
at
once
both
the
burthen
of
Age
,
and
of
〈…〉
Affairs
,
comes
to
remit
in
〈…〉
our
hands
the
Crown
,
that
most
precious
and
desirable
thing
amongst
Mortals
.
Behold
,
I
say
,
the
time
which
is
the
Funerals
of
my
Glory
:
For
henceforth
I
am
Dead
to
the
World
,
and
shall
rather
chuse
instead
of
a
Royal
Globe
,
a
small
Turf
of
Earth
,
wherein
,
with
the
Benevolence
of
the
Republique
,
I
may
repose
amongst
the
Ashes
of
my
Predecessours
,
That
it
may
be
read
in
your
Annals
,
That
I
whom
you
have
so
often
seen
in
the
head
of
your
Armies
,
and
alwaies
the
last
in
a
Retreat
,
am
also
the
first
that
voluntarily
deprived
my self
of
tho●
human
Grandeurs
,
and
surrendred
t●
you
the
Royal
power
,
from
a
mo●
tender
Love
towards
my
Countr●
Your
kindness
and
the
free
Suffrage
of
those
present
at
my
Election
,
raise
me
to
this
high
degree
of
Majesty
and
my
reciprocal
affection
induc●
me
to
despoil
my self
thereof
in
〈◇〉
grateful
requital
.
My
●●esto●'s
,
wh●
have
been
your
Kin●
●●en
by
n●
cessity
of
nature
,
they
●ave
quitte●
the
Diadem
,
have
left
either
Brothers
or
some
of
their
Blood
,
who
Relation
and
Vertues
have
oblige●
you
to
consider
them
in
the
ne●
Election
.
But
I
for
a
Testimony
〈◇〉
my
affection
to
the
Publique
,
gi●
up
all
I
have
received
,
and
leave
entirely
to
whomsoever
is
better
ab●●
to
serve
you
.
It
has
been
my
m●
fortune
to
fall
into
such
unhapp●
times
,
that
the
Soveraign
Dignit●
wherewith
you
invested
me
,
has
no●
only
contributed
innumerable
Tro●bles
to
my self
(
which
for
you●
sakes
I
should
have
endeavoured
to
struggle
with
)
but
given
causes
of
Jealousies
to
others
;
I
desire
pardon
for
what
has
been
done
amiss
during
the
time
of
my
Reign
;
and
that
you
would
impute
my
Errors
to
Humane
frailty
,
and
wish
my
Successor
may
prove
more
Fortunate
both
to
his
own
Concernments
and
those
of
the
Republick
.
And
that
you
may
be
Happy
in
your
Choice
,
I
shall
in
my
Solitude
beseech
God
to
Illuminate
you
with
his
Blessing
on
this
occasion
,
and
at
present
return
you
all
the
Thanks
I
can
possibly
,
for
the
Love
you
have
shewn
me
,
for
the
good
Offices
I
have
received
of
you
,
the
Counsels
which
you
have
given
,
and
the
Aids
and
Supplies
you
have
so
liberally
offered
me
.
And
thus
with
all
the
Endearments
imaginable
,
It
ake
leave
of
you
,
hoping
that
you
will
not
fail
to
conserve
me
in
your
Memory
.
'T
is
with
these
Sentiments
that
I
give
you
all
a
Fatherly
Benediction
,
assuring
you
,
that
if
I
shall
happen
to
be
at
never
so
far
a
distance
in
Body
from
my
Dearest
Countrey
,
I
shall
be
always
entirely
united
thereunto
in
Mind
and
all
the
Affections
of
my
Soul
,
and
hear
with
an
extream
Joy
that
Kingdom
to
flourish
and
be
it
Repose
by
anothers
Conduct
,
which
under
me
has
more
than
once
bee●
at
the
very
brink
of
Destruction
—
I
would
say
more
,
but
am
hindred
through
want
of
Memory
,
and
that
tenderness
of
my
Heart
,
which
suffers
me
not
to
speak
further
to
you
but
with
my
Tears
.
This
Pathetick
Speech
ended
(
which
set
all
the
Assembly
a
weeping
)
King
Casimir
Publickly
Resigned
the
Crown
,
Scepter
,
and
other
Ensigns
of
Royalty
,
and
departed
in
the
Quality
of
a
Private
Nobleman
:
However
the
General
our
Generous
Sobieski
,
with
all
the
Nobles
waited
on
him
to
his
Apartment
,
and
the
States
in
gratitude
soon
after
presented
him
with
his
Assurance
of
an
Honourable
Main●enance
for
his
Life
.
WE
the
States
Ecclesiastical
and
Civil
,
as
also
Inhabitants
of
the
two
Nations
of
Poland
and
Lyffland
in
Council
Assembled
,
do
by
these
Presents
Certifie
and
Publish
to
all
the
World
and
to
our
Posterity
,
That
we
have
humbly
besought
,
and
by
all
ways
imaginable
endeavoured
to
perswade
John
Casimir
our
King
and
Master
,
that
he
would
not
Relinquish
that
Crown
,
to
which
himself
,
as
formerly
his
Ancestors
,
the
Renowned
and
Mighty
Kings
of
Poland
,
had
been
Elected
,
but
that
he
would
continue
the
Government
so
long
as
he
lived
.
But
for
as
much
as
no
persuasions
could
induce
His
Majesty
to
alter
his
Resolution
,
but
that
he
hath
freely
Resigned
the
Kingdom
of
Poland
and
great
Dutchy
of
Lyffland
,
together
with
all
their
Dependencies
into
the
Hands
and
free
disposal
of
the
Republick
;
we
knowing
not
how
t●
resist
His
Majesties
Intentions
herein
His
Majesty
desired
that
we
would
make
some
convenient
Provision
fo●
his
future
subsistence
;
which
being
a
point
in
which
we
had
not
receiv'd
the
Advice
of
our
Brethren
in
their
Provincial
Assemblies
,
we
were
ye●
willing
,
out
of
our
Affection
to
Hi●
Majesty
,
to
agree
and
consent
to
the
Allowance
of
an
Yearly
Pension
of
150000
Livres
,
whereof
this
Kingdom
to
be
Charged
with
th●
Payment
of
One
Hundred
Thousand
,
and
the
great
Dutchy
o●
Lyffland
with
Fifty
Thousand
,
ou●
of
the
Revenues
of
the
Kings
Table
:
The
said
Sums
to
be
fixt
and
specified
at
the
next
Election
.
And
that
the
Lords
of
the
Treasury
of
both
Nations
,
not
attending
the
said
specification
,
shall
make
an
Allowance
of
the
said
Pension
from
the
day
of
His
Majesties
Resignation
.
And
this
we
do
promise
to
get
confirmed
in
our
Provincial
Assemblies
,
and
to
make
Provision
for
the
Security
thereof
by
an
Agreement
with
the
succeeding
King
.
Further
Agreeing
,
That
this
Allowance
both
from
this
Kingdom
and
the
Dutchy
of
Lyffland
,
shall
continue
during
the
Life
of
His
Majesty
,
and
to
be
paid
fully
and
wholly
to
him
,
without
any
Abatements
,
Fees
,
or
Gratifications
whatsoever
.
CHAP.
IV
.
Of
the
Election
of
Prince
Micha●
Koribut
Wiesnowiski
to
th●
Crown
of
Poland
,
and
th●
Eminent
Services
of
Genera●
Sobieski
during
his
Reign
.
KING
Casimir
having
thus
abandoned
the
Government
,
Sep●
16th
.
1668.
The
Arch-Bishop
o●
Cnesna
(
according
to
his
Office
)
applyed
himself
to
take
care
of
th●
State
during
the
Inter-Regnum
,
an●
appointed
a
General
Assembly
for
〈◇〉
New
Election
to
be
held
at
Warsa●
in
May
following
.
In
the
mean
time
the
several
Candidates
were
busie
in
making
the
Parties
:
As
the
Son
of
the
Grea●
Duke
of
Muscovy
(
who
had
been
bred
in
Poland
,
and
spoke
that
Language
)
on
whose
behalf
the
Duke
his
Father
offered
,
that
he
should
Change
his
Religion
,
and
embrace
that
of
the
Roman
Communion
,
make
a
Renunciation
to
Muscovy
,
That
all
places
formerly
taken
from
Poland
should
be
restored
.
That
four
Millions
should
be
Advanced
as
his
Free
Gift
for
the
Payment
of
the
Arrears
of
the
Polish
Army
,
And
that
he
would
be
Obliged
to
Assist
Poland
against
all
Enemies
whatsoever
with
an
Army
of
40000
Men
,
and
enter
into
a
firm
and
perpetual
League
with
them
.
The
next
was
the
Duke
of
Neuburgh
,
a
Brother
to
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
whom
the
Emperour
seemed
much
to
favour
in
his
Pretensions
.
A
Third
was
the
Prince
of
Lorrain
,
and
a
Fourth
the
Prince
of
Conde's
Son
,
whom
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Gnesna
and
General
Sobieski
were
thought
to
Favour
.
Towards
the
beginning
of
Ma●
1669.
the
Grandees
began
to
Reso●
to
Warsaw
,
in
Order
to
the
approaching
Election
.
On
the
first
of
Ma●
Duke
Michael
Radzevil
,
General
o●
the
Field
in
Lythuania
,
made
his
Entr●
with
a
stately
Equipage
:
First
,
Marche●
five
Companies
of
Heyduques
,
consisting
of
an
hundred
in
each
,
with
their
Ensigns
flying
,
and
Drums
beating
,
a●●
clad
in
large
blew
Vests
lined
with
Yellow
:
Then
a
Foot
Company
o●
sixty
in
Yellow
clad
like
Janizaries
followed
by
two
Troops
of
Dragoon
well
Mounted
,
with
blew
Coats
and
Silver
Lace
;
then
a
Troop
of
German
Horse
in
excellent
Accoutrements
,
followed
by
as
many
Hussars
,
and
after
them
by
60
Gentlemen
of
Quality
Richly
Habited
,
with
their
Lances
after
the
Turkish
Fashion
;
Then
came
Duke
Radzevil
himself
,
followed
by
above
200
of
the
Lords
and
Principal
Gentry
of
Lythuania
,
all
splendidly
Array'd
,
and
their
Horses
extraordinarily
Harnessed
,
and
among
them
divers
of
the
most
Ancient
Nobility
,
as
Prince
Slavislaus
Lubomirski
,
the
Lord
Potoski
.
These
were
followed
at
some
distance
by
a
great
number
of
Gentlemen
their
Attendants
,
with
their
other
Servants
in
Rich
Liveries
,
after
whom
marched
two
Troops
of
Tartarian
Horse
,
an
hundred
in
each
Troop
,
followed
by
five
Troops
of
Dragoons
in
blew
Coats
with
Silver
Lace
:
And
lastly
,
a
full
Company
of
Heyduques
brought
up
the
Rear
.
This
Entry
,
though
Magnificent
,
was
much
exceeded
in
the
Afternoon
by
that
of
the
Lords
Pazzi
,
the
one
Great
Chancellor
,
the
other
Great
General
of
Lythuania
,
who
had
thrice
their
Number
and
Attendance
.
But
all
these
were
Eclipsed
by
the
more
Illustrious
appearance
,
May
3d
.
of
General
Sobieski
;
all
the
Princes
and
Nobles
doing
him
the
Honour
to
meet
him
some
Miles
from
the
City
,
who
was
followed
by
a
vast
number
of
Gentlemen
and
Officers
,
and
had
a
stately
Company
of
Janizaries
(
like
those
of
the
Grand
Signior
)
for
his
Guard
in
most
sumptuous
Habit
.
The
Waywood
of
Cracovia
also
came
Attended
with
a
Train
of
above
5000
Persons
.
The
Diet
being
begun
,
and
the
Nobles
having
Elected
the
Lord
Potoski
,
Brother-in-Law
to
Prince
Slavislaus
Lubomirski
,
for
their
Marshal
or
Speaker
,
an
Oath
was
proposed
to
,
and
taken
by
the
Senators
and
Equestrian
Order
,
in
these
terms
.
I
Swear
,
That
I
neither
already
am
,
nor
hereafter
will
be
bound
or
engaged
either
by
Word
or
Writing
,
to
any
Forreigner
or
stranger
in
the
Election
of
a
Prince
.
That
I
neither
already
have
,
nor
will
enter
into
any
Party
or
Faction
,
nor
suffer
my self
to
be
corrupted
through
Gifts
or
Rewards
by
any
Foreign
Princes
,
〈◇〉
I
will
not
give
my
Vote
or
Suffrage
for
any
Person
but
such
as
I
shall
judge
fittest
for
the
Administration
of
the
Government
of
this
Kingdom
.
And
if
I
have
formerly
obliged
my self
to
any
Foreign
Prince
,
I
do
hereby
Renounce
the
said
Obligation
,
and
leave
his
Party
.
After
this
,
the
Diet
establish'd
a
Chamber
or
Court
of
Justice
,
composed
of
Senators
and
several
Waywoods
,
selected
Persons
of
the
respective
Provinces
,
who
were
to
take
care
of
all
Affairs
concerning
the
Crown
,
and
to
prevent
Disorders
which
daily
happened
by
such
a
vast
concourse
:
And
of
this
Court
,
Marshal
Sobieski
was
appointed
President
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Dutchess
of
Muscovy
happening
to
dye
,
that
Duke
was
so
Afflicted
therewith
,
that
he
had
some
thoughts
of
committing
the
Government
to
his
Son
,
and
so
gave
over
his
Sollicitations
for
the
Crown
of
Poland
;
so
that
now
there
were
only
left
three
Parties
,
viz.
That
of
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
of
the
Duke
of
Neuburgh
,
and
the
Prince
of
Lorrain
,
each
endeavouring
to
exclude
the
other
.
But
soon
after
,
the
nomination
of
the
Prince
of
Conde
was
excluded
by
the
Diet
,
and
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Gnesn●
was
openly
called
Traitor
,
and
threatned
to
be
Killed
for
offering
to
but
speak
in
favour
of
the
French
Interest
;
and
some
Menaces
were
made
by
the
Nobles
to
Sobieski
on
that
Account
,
he
being
suspected
a
favourer
of
that
Party
,
by
reason
of
his
Alliance
with
a
French
Lady
,
Mary
de
la
Grange
,
Daughter
of
the
Marq
.
of
Arquiem
,
and
Widdow
of
Prince
Zomoski
,
as
before
mentioned
.
Then
the
Competition
between
the
Duke
of
Neuburgh
and
the
Prince
of
Lorrain
was
bandied
very
obstinately
,
so
that
it
was
much
feared
it
might
occasion
a
Rupture
,
and
the
contending
Parties
fall
to
blows
:
To
prevent
which
,
on
the
19th
.
of
June
,
the
Lord
Opalinski
,
Palatine
of
Calitz
,
made
an
Eloquent
Harangue
between
both
Parties
,
wherein
having
at
large
demonstrated
the
fatal
consequences
of
such
Heats
,
he
began
to
Expostulate
with
them
how
they
came
to
be
so
passionately
concerned
for
two
Princes
whom
they
were
strangers
unto
,
and
either
of
which
,
for
ought
they
knew
,
might
treat
them
ill
,
when
once
he
had
got
Possession
of
the
Crown
,
and
therefore
he
Advised
them
rather
wholly
to
lay
aside
those
Foreign
pretensions
,
and
chuse
a
Piasti
,
that
is
,
some
Nobleman
of
their
own
Countrey
,
of
whose
Vertues
and
Temper
they
had
Experience
;
and
for
his
part
,
he
knew
none
of
greater
worth
,
or
better
deserving
the
Royal
Dignity
,
than
Prince
Michael
Koribut
Wiesnowiski
,
which
Nomination
was
presently
received
with
general
Acclamations
,
the
Assembly
crying
out
,
Vivat
!
Vivat
!
And
the
said
Prince
being
then
present
,
was
immediately
forced
by
the
Assembly
to
be
Covered
and
Take
a
Chair
,
which
he
refused
,
urging
his
Incapacity
to
support
so
Weighty
a
Crown
;
but
the
Assembly
not
hearkning
to
his
Apology
,
Obliged
him
,
not
without
Tears
in
his
Eyes
,
to
accept
the
Honour
:
All
the
rest
of
the
Provinces
and
Palatinates
giving
in
their
Suffrages
to
his
Choice
,
save
only
the
Grand
Chancellor
Patz
,
the
Principal
Person
of
Lythuania
,
who
affirmed
he
would
not
give
his
Voice
for
any
but
the
Prince
of
Lorrain
.
But
his
Brother
,
the
Palatine
of
Troski
,
shewed
him
the
Inconveniences
of
refusing
a
Piasti
,
encouraging
him
to
Nominate
one
of
his
own
side
of
the
Countrey
;
whereupon
he
named
Prince
Boguslaus
Radzevil
,
for
whom
there
appeared
a
considerable
Party
,
but
that
of
Wiesnowiski
upon
the
Competition
prevailed
,
and
in
the
Heat
Killed
two
Gentlemen
upon
the
place
,
who
spake
over-boldly
against
their
Choice
.
Things
being
thus
carried
,
Marshal
Sobieski
,
and
the
Marshal
of
the
Nobless
,
retiring
themselves
,
protested
against
the
Election
,
but
the
prevailing
Party
slighted
it
;
and
demanded
of
the
Archbishop
of
Guesna
to
proclaim
the
Election
,
but
he
pretending
some
Indisposition
,
would
have
delayed
it
,
till
they
threatning
to
oblige
the
Bishop
of
Cajari
,
and
he
supply
that
Office
,
he
then
appeared
in
the
Field
,
with
the
two
Marshals
,
and
according
to
Custom
demanded
three
times
,
That
if
they
were
agreed
upon
the
Election
,
they
should
name
the
Person
,
which
they
did
with
great
Acclamations
,
accompanied
with
the
discharge
of
all
the
Cannon
;
this
being
about
eight
a
clock
in
the
Evening
,
and
before
nine
,
the
King
was
Proclaimed
,
and
so
Conducted
to
the
Castle
,
and
next
day
in
St.
Johns
Church
took
his
Oaths
he
Observ'd
,
the
Pacta
Conventa
,
or
Agreements
concluded
upon
;
then
dined
with
the
Primate
,
and
afterwards
went
into
the
Field
of
Kolu
(
the
place
where
the
Election
was
held
,
some
distance
from
the
City
)
and
returned
his
thanks
to
the
several
Waywodeships
,
Palatinates
,
and
Provinces
.
Both
the
Archbishop
of
Gnesna
,
and
Marshal
Sobieski
were
dissatisfied
with
the
Irregularity
of
this
Election
,
yet
for
the
publick
quiet
,
complyed
therewith
.
And
when
shortly
after
some
stirs
were
like
to
happen
in
the
Army
,
upon
a
report
that
he
was
to
be
turned
out
of
his
Command
as
General
,
he
being
sent
down
thither
,
not
only
pacified
them
in
that
,
but
other
their
discontents
,
and
retain'd
them
in
their
due
Obedience
to
the
Crown
,
and
in
January
following
the
Tarrars
of
Dialogrod
falling
into
the
Ukrain
and
Podolia
,
where
they
made
great
spoil
,
and
had
taken
a
multitude
of
poor
people
Captive
,
he
advanced
against
them
,
and
put
them
to
flight
,
leaving
the
most
part
of
their
Booty
,
and
Prisoners
behind
them
.
The
27th
of
February
,
1669
/
70
King
Michael
was
Married
to
Eleanor
,
the
Emperors
Sister
,
by
reason
of
which
Alliance
Jealousies
were
raised
,
that
His
Majesty
had
a
mind
to
make
himself
Absolute
and
Hereditary
,
and
subvert
the
Polish
Liberties
.
Insomuch
,
that
at
a
Diet
or
Assembly
of
Estates
held
soon
after
,
the
Equestrian
Order
put
up
several
Requests
,
and
amongst
others
,
that
the
Pacta
Conventa
,
or
Agreement
concluded
upon
,
when
he
was
chosen
King
,
might
be
openly
read
;
their
other
desires
his
Majesty
readily
Accorded
,
but
was
loth
to
grant
this
,
till
finding
them
resolv'd
not
to
proceed
in
any
business
,
till
that
were
granted
,
he
condescended
thereunto
,
and
accordingly
next
day
the
Equestrian
Order
went
to
the
House
of
Senators
,
where
His
Majesty
was
seated
under
a
Canopy
of
State
,
and
the
Senators
on
each
side
of
him
,
and
there
the
said
Pacta
were
publickly
read
,
at
the
last
Article
whereof
,
which
imported
,
That
if
the
King
did
not
rightly
and
duly
perform
his
part
,
what
he
had
there
promised
,
then
they
were
discharged
from
their
Allegiance
to
him
;
They
all
gave
a
loud
shout
.
[
Which
passage
serves
to
reconcile
the
difference
of
Authors
touching
that
Kings
Oath
,
mentioned
before
Ch.
2d
.
for
though
there
are
no
such
express
words
in
the
Terms
of
the
Oath
,
yet
it
seems
they
are
wont
to
be
contained
in
the
Pacta
Conventa
,
which
by
that
Oath
he
swears
to
observe
.
]
The
Kings
Uncle
,
Prince
Demetrius
Wiesnowiski
,
was
Lieutenant
General
under
Sobieski
,
and
between
them
two
,
there
was
no
very
good
Correspondence
;
to
bring
them
to
a
better
understanding
of
each
other
,
the
King
used
several
means
,
and
to
Crown
the
work
,
it
was
resolved
,
that
the
said
Prince
should
marry
with
the
Princess
of
Ostrogy
,
Sister
to
the
Prince
of
that
Name
,
and
Neice
to
General
Sobieski
;
which
was
performed
with
great
Solemnity
,
and
thenceforwards
the
Animosities
between
these
two
great
men
ceased
.
In
the
year
1672.
The
Cossacks
assisted
by
some
Tartars
,
having
again
faln
to
their
old
habit
of
Rebellion
,
and
General
Sobieski
with
the
Forces
of
the
Crown
,
having
Chastised
them
for
the
same
,
and
forced
their
Leader
Doreskensko
to
retire
;
the
Turk
took
thence
an
occasion
to
quarrel
with
Poland
,
upon
pretence
that
he
had
taken
the
Cossacks
into
his
protection
;
and
making
a
sudden
inroad
,
besieged
the
City
Camieniec
,
where
having
made
their
Approaches
under
the
shelter
of
great
Sacks
filled
with
Cotton
Wool
,
and
raised
a
Battery
,
upon
which
they
planted
12
whole
Cannons
,
with
which
for
12
whole
days
they
continually
plaid
most
furiously
upon
the
Town
;
the
Besieged
were
forced
to
surrender
upon
Articles
,
to
march
out
with
Bag
and
Baggage
,
the
whole
Garrison
not
being
above
500
men
,
of
whom
200
were
unfortunately
killed
by
the
accidental
blowing
up
of
a
Tower
by
their
own
Powder
;
the
Grand
Seignior
was
personally
present
at
the
taking
of
it
,
and
entred
the
Town
the
same
day
it
was
yielded
,
and
placed
therein
a
Garrison
of
8000
Janizaries
,
his
whole
Army
consisting
of
near
190
thousand
Horse
and
Poot
,
as
was
reported
.
The
King
of
Poland
was
at
this
time
at
Jauowitz
,
expecting
the
Arrival
of
the
Nobility
,
who
were
from
all
parts
resorting
to
him
;
and
to
gain
time
,
he
sent
Ambassadors
to
the
Grand
Seignior
to
treat
of
a
Peace
,
or
procure
a
Cessation
;
whereupon
the
Grand
Vizier
return'd
him
this
Answer
.
To
the
Vice-Chancellor
of
Poland
.
THE
Letter
of
the
most
Serene
and
Honourable
King
of
Poland
,
our
Great
Friend
,
to
our
most
Serene
,
most
Glorious
,
and
most
Potent
Emperour
of
the
World
,
and
Monarch
,
like
to
Alexander
the
Great
,
who
is
the
Shield
of
the
whole
World
,
was
together
with
your
Letter
directed
to
me
,
brought
to
my
hands
in
our
Camp
near
Caminiec
,
some
days
before
our
taking
of
that
place
;
I
delivered
the
Imperial
Letter
to
His
Majesty
,
and
having
caused
mine
to
be
Translated
,
I
understood
what
you
wrote
.
That
which
I
did
write
to
you
from
Adrianople
,
gave
you
notice
of
what
hath
since
happened
,
and
may
serve
for
Answer
to
these
Letters
;
But
you
were
wanting
to
do
those
things
in
time
,
which
were
necessary
for
the
Preservation
of
your
Country
;
and
therefore
have
seen
and
heard
things
which
you
would
not
,
and
what
is
to
follow
,
is
known
to
God
alone
.
We
always
wrote
both
to
your
King
and
you
,
what
hath
now
come
to
pass
,
which
you
might
have
prevented
by
sending
Ambassadors
to
his
Imperial
Majesty
,
with
Royal
Presents
,
as
is
usual
,
and
promise
of
Tribute
,
who
thereby
might
have
appeased
the
burning
wrath
of
our
Great
Lord
,
and
obtained
better
Conditions
for
you
;
nay
,
had
you
ever
since
(
for
the
Gate
of
Mercy
of
our
Emperor
is
open
to
all
)
sent
Ambassadours
to
offer
a
Tribute
,
it
was
to
be
hoped
they
might
have
obtained
the
good
will
of
our
Lord
,
and
he
permitted
them
to
renew
the
ancient
Peace
and
Friendship
.
If
therefore
after
all
,
you
have
any
care
for
the
quiet
and
good
estate
of
your
Armies
,
Kingdom
and
Subjects
,
do
what
you
intend
very
suddenly
,
without
any
delay
,
and
the
sooner
you
do
it
,
the
more
advantagious
it
will
be
for
you
.
That
you
have
desired
the
most
Glorious
Cham
of
Tartary
to
be
Mediator
at
this
Treaty
,
you
do
well
,
for
he
hath
offered
his
friendly
persuasions
on
your
behalf
.
Peace
be
to
those
that
believe
the
Commandments
of
God
.
But
the
Winter
coming
on
apace
,
and
sharp
weather
,
hindred
the
Turks
further
Advance
,
and
General
Sobieski
falling
unexpectedly
upon
a
Body
of
20
thousand
Tartars
(
at
that
time
Consederates
with
the
Turks
)
at
a
place
called
Try
,
totally
routed
them
,
killing
above
10000
of
them
,
as
also
rescuing
very
near
as
many
poor
Christians
,
whom
they
were
carrying
away
into
miserable
slavery
;
and
soon
after
defeated
another
Party
of
them
with
great
slaughter
,
whereby
the
Country
was
freed
from
their
Rapine
and
Devastations
,
which
was
generally
acknowledged
to
be
a
most
acceptable
and
advantagious
service
to
the
Kingdom
of
Poland
at
that
juncture
.
The
King
having
summoned
the
Arrier
Ban
(
that
is
,
a
General
Convention
of
all
the
Nobless
throughout
his
Dominions
)
to
appear
in
their
Arms
,
lay
Encamped
near
Samosch
,
where
amongst
other
things
,
the
Nobility
took
into
confideration
the
Party
called
Malecontents
,
amongst
whom
they
named
the
Bishop
of
Guesna
,
the
Crown
Ensign
,
and
many
others
,
and
ordered
that
they
should
be
summoned
to
appear
and
take
an
Oath
of
Confederation
,
which
was
there
framed
,
and
upon
their
taking
the
same
,
a
general
Act
of
Oblivion
to
pass
;
but
if
they
should
refuse
to
appear
and
enter
into
the
same
,
then
they
were
to
be
declared
Traitors
,
their
Offices
disposed
of
to
others
,
and
all
their
Goods
and
Estates
to
be
Confiscated
.
Which
Oath
ran
in
these
words
.
I.
N.
N.
Of
my
own
free
Will
,
and
without
any
Constraint
,
do
swear
by
the
Holy
and
Blessed
Trinity
,
that
for
the
Honour
of
God
,
the
Dignity
and
Welfare
of
our
Free
Elected
and
Crowned
King
and
Lord
,
and
the
preservation
of
this
Republick
,
and
the
Priviledges
and
Liberties
thereof
,
against
all
Enemies
whatsoever
,
I
will
readily
expose
my
Life
and
Fortunes
;
and
that
I
will
not
forsake
or
depart
from
this
Confederation
,
till
our
Country
be
freed
from
all
danger
of
any
Enemies
as
well
at
Home
as
abroad
,
but
will
do
all
that
shall
lie
in
my
power
for
the
making
this
Treaty
more
strong
and
valid
,
until
we
shall
have
obtained
the
ends
aforesaid
,
and
if
I
come
to
know
that
any
Person
does
Act
in
prejudice
of
this
Confederation
and
Brotherly
Agreement
.
I
shall
be
obliged
to
discover
the
same
,
without
having
the
least
respect
to
Friendship
or
Relation
,
and
account
and
prosecute
him
as
an
open
Enemy
.
I
have
not
taken
any
Money
to
be
corrupted
,
nor
will
I
take
any
.
I
will
not
hold
any
Intelligence
,
or
Act
on
any
occasion
to
the
prejudice
of
my
King
and
Country
,
but
will
truly
and
sincerely
observe
this
Confederation
in
Brotherly
Unity
,
without
any
mental
Reservation
,
or
hope
to
be
dispensed
therefrom
.
So
help
me
God
.
Things
running
thus
high
,
several
of
those
accounted
disaffected
,
retired
to
Meaco
in
Prussia
;
but
the
Archbishop
of
Guesna
remain'd
at
Lovitz
,
his
usual
Residence
,
seeming
not
at
all
concern'd
at
the
heats
of
the
Nobless
,
who
offered
1000.
Ducats
to
any
that
should
bring
his
Head
into
the
Leaguer
,
and
threatned
to
proceed
to
Depose
or
degrade
him
;
but
that
the
Popes
Nuncio
opposed
,
as
being
a
violation
of
Ecclesiastical
Liberty
,
for
that
Lay
Assembly
to
proceed
against
a
Churchman
without
leave
from
his
Holiness
.
In
the
mean
time
Commissioners
sent
by
the
King
to
the
Grand
Seignior
,
clapt
up
a
Peace
with
the
Port
on
the
following
Articles
.
-
1.
That
the
Tarrars
formerly
In
habiting
the
Kingdom
of
Pol
.
called
Lipcees
,
and
who
have
since
quitted
their
abodes
there
,
and
given
themselves
up
to
the
protection
of
the
Port
,
yet
so
as
to
leave
their
Wives
and
Children
behind
them
,
shall
have
free
liberty
to
return
and
fetch
away
their
said
Wives
and
Children
,
and
their
Goods
and
Moveables
whatever
,
and
that
such
as
shall
desire
still
to
abide
in
Poland
,
shall
have
liberty
so
to
do
,
without
any
molestation
or
disturbance
.
-
2.
That
the
King
of
Poland
shall
by
his
Ambassadours
send
yearly
to
the
Port
22000
Ducats
,
which
shall
be
paid
every
year
on
St.
Demetrius-day
,
being
the
15th
of
Novemb
.
on
this
Condition
,
that
the
Grand
Seignior
shall
secure
the
Subjects
of
the
Crown
of
Poland
,
against
the
incursions
of
the
Turks
,
Tartars
,
and
other
people
subject
to
the
Port
;
and
in
case
the
Poles
shall
at
any
time
be
endammaged
by
them
,
the
King
of
Poland
shall
demand
satisfaction
of
the
Grand
Seignior
,
and
forbear
to
pay
the
abovementioned
Tribute
,
till
he
shall
have
received
it
.
-
3.
Podolia
,
as
in
ancient
time
shall
be
subject
to
the
Port
;
and
in
case
any
difference
shall
arise
concerning
the
Limits
,
it
shall
be
amicably
decided
by
Commissioners
to
be
to
that
purpose
deputed
by
both
Parties
.
-
4.
The
Garrisons
which
the
Poles
now
have
in
any
place
or
Fortress
in
Podolia
,
shall
immediately
be
drawn
out
from
thence
,
and
have
liberty
to
return
home
with
their
Goods
,
&c.
On
the
other
side
,
the
Grand
Seignior
shall
restore
all
places
taken
from
the
Poles
in
Russia
.
-
5.
Free
Exercise
of
Religion
shall
be
granted
to
all
Persons
.
-
6.
Such
as
desire
to
depart
with
their
Goods
and
Families
out
of
Caminiec
,
shall
have
free
liberty
so
to
do
,
and
return
into
Poland
within
the
space
of
two
months
,
after
the
Ratifying
of
this
Treaty
.
-
7.
The
Ukrain
shall
be
left
free
to
the
Cossacks
as
in
former
times
,
and
the
Poles
shall
quit
all
the
Forts
and
places
they
have
possess'd
themselves
of
there
,
and
shall
depart
with
all
their
Goods
,
&c.
except
their
Cannon
.
-
8.
The
Cossacks
that
have
been
under
Hanensko
,
may
return
to
their
former
Habitations
in
the
Ukrain
,
if
they
shall
think
fit
,
and
no
injury
shall
be
done
them
by
the
other
Cossacks
;
but
Hanensko
himself
shall
remain
in
Poland
.
-
Lastly
,
All
former
Treaties
between
Poland
and
the
Port
,
shall
remain
in
force
.
Besides
all
which
,
there
was
a
separate
Article
that
the
Crown
of
Poland
should
pay
a
Tribute
of
16
thousand
Ducats
to
the
Cham
of
Tartary
.
This
Agreement
,
so
prejudicial
and
dishonourable
to
the
Poles
,
as
rendring
that
Crown
Tributary
to
two
of
its
Infidel
Neighbours
,
at
a
time
when
it
might
have
been
in
a
condition
to
defend
it self
,
(
for
besides
the
Army
,
with
the
General
,
the
King
at
Lublin
,
had
above
100000
men
in
Arms
)
was
very
ill
resented
by
General
Sobieski
,
and
many
others
,
who
lookt
upon
it
only
as
a
Politick
Device
,
that
in
the
mean
time
the
opposite
Faction
might
be
at
leisure
,
and
have
opportunity
to
crush
those
they
called
the
Malecontents
;
and
therefore
though
two
Senators
were
sent
from
the
Convention
to
the
Army
,
to
invite
them
to
enter
into
the
aforesaid
Oath
of
Association
,
yet
he
declined
it
.
The
Peace
being
thus
concluded
with
the
Turks
,
and
the
Polish
Nobility
finding
themselves
unable
any
longer
to
subsist
in
the
Field
,
by
reason
of
the
ill
weather
,
and
for
want
of
Forrage
and
Provision
,
did
about
the
latter
end
of
October
break
up
their
Assembly
;
only
left
a
party
of
2300
men
in
Arms
for
the
Kings
Guard
,
and
agreed
that
a
General
Assembly
of
the
Deputies
of
the
several
Palatinates
should
be
held
in
the
beginning
of
January
,
and
there
the
Confederation
begun
in
the
Leaguer
to
be
confirmed
,
and
then
to
proceed
to
the
Tryal
and
Condemnation
of
such
of
the
Malecontents
as
should
continue
to
absent
themselves
,
and
refuse
the
before
recited
Oath
.
Hereupon
the
Army
entred
into
a
Counter-Confederation
,
wherein
they
declare
,
They
will
defend
the
Liberty
of
their
Country
,
and
the
Priviledges
of
the
Nobles
,
which
(
they
alledg'd
)
under
pretence
of
adhering
to
the
Royal
Authority
were
violated
,
and
endeavour'd
to
be
suppress'd
;
and
that
therefore
they
were
resolved
to
protect
those
of
the
Nobility
,
which
were
so
severely
prosecuted
under
the
name
of
Malecontents
,
and
disturbers
of
the
Peace
of
the
Kingdom
,
Titles
which
much
more
fitly
belong'd
to
their
Accusers
.
Pursuant
to
this
Declaration
,
the
Army
began
to
Advance
somewhat
towards
Warsaw
,
which
put
the
Court
into
great
Consternation
,
but
General
Sobieski
thought
fit
not
to
approach
further
than
Lowitz
,
being
willing
to
determine
all
differences
by
an
amicable
Composure
;
and
accordingly
after
several
Overtures
,
towards
the
end
of
March
73
,
an
Accommodation
was
made
upon
the
Terms
following
,
-
1.
That
all
past
Offences
should
be
forgiven
and
forgotten
.
-
2.
That
the
Confederation
made
the
last
year
by
the
Nobility
.
should
be
Cancel'd
and
made
void
.
-
3.
That
all
those
,
who
had
during
these
unhappy
misunderstandings
been
Branded
by
the
name
of
Malecontents
,
should
on
all
occasions
,
without
exception
or
distinction
partake
of
the
Kings
favours
,
with
,
and
as
well
as
,
the
rest
of
the
Nobility
.
To
confirm
this
good
Intelligence
,
the
Grand-General
Sobieski
came
to
Warsaw
with
a
numerous
Train
,
where
he
was
complemented
on
the
part
of
the
King
by
the
Vice
Chancellor
,
and
by
the
Weywode
of
Posen
for
the
Senate
;
and
in
the
name
of
the
Nobility
Assembled
in
the
Diet
by
two
of
their
Deputies
,
and
by
the
said
Diet
it
was
ordered
that
he
should
be
presented
with
50
thousand
Dollars
,
as
an
acknowledgment
of
his
good
Services
;
but
he
generously
considering
the
present
necessities
of
the
Publick
,
freely
abated
one
third
part
thereof
.
In
Council
he
vigorously
urg'd
the
regaining
of
that
Honour
,
which
by
an
unhappy
Treaty
had
been
lost
the
last
Summer
,
and
that
it
might
never
be
said
the
free
Crown
of
Poland
,
had
for
a
day
been
Tributary
to
the
Sworn
Enemies
of
Christendom
,
opposed
the
payment
of
any
of
the
Mony
agreed
on
;
offering
that
With
an
Army
of
60
thousand
(
if
the
State
would
take
care
for
their
pay
)
he
did
not
doubt
but
to
give
a
good
account
of
this
Summers
Campaign
;
which
much
encouraged
the
Diet
to
resolve
upon
and
prepare
for
a
War
,
and
in
order
thereunto
,
the
Crown-Jewels
,
which
they
had
before
ordered
to
be
Pawned
,
valued
at
600
thousand
Livres
,
were
entrusted
in
his
hands
for
securing
the
Army
their
Arrears
;
and
so
forthwith
his
Excellency
departed
to
Sokal
,
where
the
Army
was
Rendevouz'd
,
extreamly
satisfied
with
his
Conduct
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Archbishop
of
Guesna
departed
this
life
,
April
the
12th
,
1673.
and
in
his
Room
the
King
advanc'd
the
Bishop
of
Cujavia
to
succeed
him
.
The
Grand
Seignior
understanding
these
resolutions
and
preparations
in
Poland
,
dispatcht
thither
the
following
Letter
(
though
not
delivered
by
the
Chiaux
till
after
the
Kings
death
.
)
THou
the
chief
Prince
of
the
Christian
People
,
Administrator
of
the
Nazarene
Kingdom
of
Poland
,
King
Michael
our
Friend
,
may
your
Administration
have
an
happy
Issue
.
By
these
Letters
We
give
you
to
understand
that
Achmet
Bassa
,
our
Grand
Vizier
,
is
the
chief
Administrator
of
our
Dominions
,
the
Dignity
and
Authority
of
whose
Ministry
let
God
encrease
:
We
have
not
long
since
understood
,
that
you
refuse
to
pay
our
most
Serene
Majesty
the
Tribute
stipulated
by
the
late
Treaty
between
us
and
you
;
and
to
remove
the
Garrisons
out
of
your
places
on
the
Frontiers
;
wherefore
it
appears
clearer
than
the
light
,
that
you
have
broke
the
Peace
that
was
concluded
with
me
;
&
is
it
thus
lawful
for
you
in
so
short
a
time
to
violate
the
Peace
?
The
Governors
and
Souldiers
of
our
Frontier
places
have
not
done
your
Subjects
any
damage
,
nor
given
you
any
cause
of
Offence
,
wherefore
then
have
you
broke
the
Peace
?
And
why
have
you
provoked
Me
the
Monarch
of
the
World
to
Anger
?
What
?
Do
your
Souldiers
think
to
delude
us
?
Send
us
quickly
the
Tribute
and
the
Gifts
,
which
by
vertue
of
the
Treaty
(
tho
by
you
violated
)
and
the
promise
of
your
Envoy
,
ought
to
have
been
paid
on
the
day
of
St.
Demetrius
last
past
.
Send
them
quickly
if
you
will
,
that
the
ancient
Treaties
between
us
be
preserved
and
reestablished
:
Send
the
Gifts
,
restore
the
Castles
,
repair
the
damages
,
and
do
it
sufficiently
,
unless
you
desire
to
be
by
my
Arms
compelled
to
it
.
If
you
omit
it
,
by
the
help
of
God
,
I
will
with
innumerable
Armies
infest
and
destroy
thy
Poland
.
Be
therefore
ready
for
War
,
and
send
back
my
Messengers
quickly
,
that
I
may
know
thy
mind
.
But
these
proud
Menaces
were
in
vain
,
the
Invincible
Sobieski
had
advanc'd
to
the
banks
of
the
River
Niester
,
and
by
a
Commanded
Party
sent
out
under
the
Conduct
of
the
Crown
Standard
bearer
,
taken
in
the
strong
Town
and
Castle
of
Miedzibos
,
after
an
obstinate
Resistance
;
as
also
Jaslowiec
,
and
several
other
places
,
and
brought
off
great
numbers
of
Prisoners
,
from
whom
he
understood
,
that
the
Hussam
Bassa
lay
on
the
other
side
the
Niester
with
a
Body
of
40000
men
,
expecting
a
great
Reinforcement
to
come
up
to
him
out
of
Asia
,
whereupon
he
resolv'd
with
all
expedition
to
pass
the
River
,
and
give
them
Battel
,
before
the
arrival
of
those
Troops
.
Accordingly
having
pass'd
over
the
Army
,
he
advanced
towards
the
Turks
,
who
lay
commodiously
entrench'd
under
the
Walls
of
Cothim
,
greatly
exceeding
the
Poles
in
number
;
and
his
Cavalry
being
on
the
9th
of
Nov.
73.
come
within
Cannon
shot
of
their
Leaguer
,
the
Grand
Marshal
went
in
Person
within
Musket
snot
of
the
Enemies
Camp
,
to
observe
in
what
posture
they
lay
,
and
at
his
return
call'd
a
Council
of
War
,
where
it
was
resolv'd
,
that
considering
the
want
of
Provisions
,
under
which
the
Polish
Army
at
present
labour'd
,
it
was
their
best
course
to
Attack
the
Infidels
in
their
Trenches
.
Towards
Evening
his
Foot
and
Train
of
Attillery
came
up
,
several
little
skirmishes
having
in
the
mean
time
pass'd
between
his
foremost
Troops
,
and
those
of
the
Enemy
.
The
next
morning
,
Nov.
10.
General
Sobieski
drew
up
the
whole
Army
into
Battalia
,
and
having
placed
his
Artillery
(
which
consisted
of
50
pieces
of
Cannon
)
most
conveniently
for
annoying
the
Enemy
,
advanced
in
good
Order
,
and
with
great
resolution
towards
their
Camp
;
and
being
come
pretty
near
it
,
the
Hospodars
of
Wallachia
and
Moldavia
(
Provinces
formerly
belonging
to
the
Poles
)
revolted
from
the
Turks
,
and
came
over
to
the
Polish
Army
with
5000
men
,
immediately
all
things
were
ordered
for
the
Attack
;
which
was
to
be
made
in
five
several
places
,
the
Crown
Watchmaster
was
posted
next
the
Neister
,
on
the
side
of
Czeczora
,
next
him
the
General
Sobieski
,
and
then
the
under
General
Wisnowiski
,
assisted
by
the
Weywode
of
Kiovia
,
the
other
two
were
to
be
manag'd
by
the
Troops
of
Lithuania
;
in
which
order
they
had
beset
the
Enemy
,
but
because
reducing
the
Army
into
this
posture
took
up
much
time
,
that
night
the
Turks
,
who
were
not
wanting
in
their
defence
,
seemed
to
have
some
advantage
over
them
;
Collonel
Danemark
a
brave
Commander
in
the
Crown-Watchmasters
Quarter
,
and
Captain
Jarozki
,
with
many
other
Officers
and
common
Souldiers
being
cut
off
;
the
Enemies
loss
was
altogether
as
great
.
That
whole
night
the
Polish
Troops
stood
ready
in
Arms
within
Musket
shot
of
the
Enemies
Retrenchment
,
and
early
next
morning
,
Nov.
11.
General
Sobieski
adventured
again
on
foot
to
discover
the
posture
they
were
in
,
and
the
many
of
his
Officers
would
have
dissuaded
from
so
hazardous
an
Attempt
,
continued
in
his
Resolution
to
fall
upon
them
.
And
now
he
ordered
his
Cannon
to
play
very
furiously
on
the
Enemy
,
and
having
every
where
given
the
necessary
Orders
,
encouraged
his
Troops
with
assurance
of
Victory
,
telling
them
,
they
fought
not
only
for
Honour
,
but
also
for
the
Liberty
of
their
Countrey
,
and
(
what
was
yet
infinitely
more
valuable
)
their
Religion
;
and
so
marched
with
his
drawn
Sable
in
his
hand
on
foot
at
the
head
of
them
till
they
came
up
to
the
Tutks
Entrenchments
,
and
then
mounted
on
Horseback
,
the
like
being
done
by
the
rest
of
the
great
Officers
.
The
first
discharge
was
of
the
Cavalry
,
who
in
the
space
of
a
quarter
of
an
hour
had
made
themselves
Masters
of
the
Enemies
Retrenchments
,
and
made
great
slaughter
amongst
them
;
upon
which
the
foremost
of
the
Infantry
,
who
should
have
seconded
the
Horse
in
pressing
on
upon
the
Enemy
,
thinking
they
had
already
won
the
Battel
,
began
to
fall
to
Plundering
,
which
the
Turkish
Horse
perceiving
,
sell
upon
them
,
and
did
great
Execution
amongst
them
;
and
would
have
done
much
more
,
had
not
the
Hussars
come
in
to
their
assistance
,
who
again
put
the
Enemy
into
disorder
,
insomuch
that
Hussain
Bassa
who
commanded
the
Turkish
Army
,
finding
himself
unable
any
longer
to
stand
the
Shock
,
began
to
retreat
with
many
thousands
of
his
Men
towards
Czraozo
,
but
the
Weywode
of
Bleski
and
the
Sicur
Riouwski
observing
it
,
Intercepted
his
passage
,
and
forced
him
to
return
back
into
the
Battel
,
where
General
Sobieski
with
a
party
Rencountred
him
,
but
being
much
inferior
in
number
,
and
the
Turks
fighting
(
like
their
condition
desperately
)
tho
the
General
himself
performed
wonders
as
well
by
the
slaughters
he
made
with
his
own
Hands
,
as
by
the
encouragement
his
Example
and
Words
gave
to
his
followers
,
yet
things
were
like
to
have
fallen
into
much
confusion
,
had
not
the
Hussars
once
more
come
in
with
incredible
Resolution
,
and
then
the
Battle
seemed
altogether
as
fierce
as
when
it
first
began
;
so
bravely
did
they
behave
themselves
on
both
sides
,
but
after
a
long
and
bloody
dispute
,
the
Crescent
gave
way
to
the
Cross
,
the
Turks
were
broken
to
pieces
,
leaving
many
thousands
of
their
Companions
dead
on
the
place
;
so
that
the
Field
was
covered
with
breathless
bodies
,
and
of
those
that
endeavoured
to
escape
the
greatest
part
were
drowned
in
the
Neister
;
so
that
of
their
whole
Army
which
according
to
the
modestest
Computation
consisted
of
between
30
and
40
thousand
Men
,
there
were
not
5000
that
escaped
;
and
as
there
was
no
Quarters
given
during
the
heat
of
the
fight
,
so
consequently
there
were
very
few
Prisoners
;
amongst
the
dead
were
found
Heybegh
Bassa
,
and
Solyman
Bassa
two
great
Commanders
;
but
their
General
Hussain
had
the
luck
to
make
his
escape
,
and
fled
to
Caminiec
.
On
the
Poles
side
the
loss
was
considerable
,
the
General
Quartermaster
,
the
Crown-Hunter
,
the
Lord
Starosta
Wolbramski
;
the
Lord
Rzeozky
,
the
Lord
Rozmiarowski
,
Captain
of
the
Hussaws
,
and
many
other
Officers
slain
;
besides
those
that
were
wounded
.
After
the
fight
ended
the
Soldiers
had
leave
to
Ransack
the
Enemies
Leaguer
,
where
they
found
great
Booty
,
and
to
compleat
the
Victory
,
the
next
day
they
took
the
Castle
of
Cothim
by
Storm
.
The
joyful
news
of
this
Grand
Victory
(
chiefly
owing
to
the
Courage
and
Conduct
of
General
Sobieski
)
found
Poland
in
Mourning
;
for
in
the
very
time
that
the
same
was
gaining
,
King
Michael
after
some
weeks
lingering
Indisposition
,
departed
this
life
at
Lemburgh
Nov.
10
,
1673.
whence
his
Corps
was
removed
to
Warsaw
,
where
being
Embalmed
,
it
was
(
according
to
custom
)
to
remain
unburied
,
untill
after
the
Election
of
a
new
King
.
CHAP.
V.
General
Sobieski
Elected
King
;
His
sudden
Conquest
of
the
Ukrain
1674.
with
4000
Men
he
Routs
60000
Tartars
near
Leopold
,
August
75.
and
in
November
following
with
15000
chases
before
him
above
100
thousand
of
the
Enemy
,
&c.
't
is
hard
to
imagin
,
much
more
to
express
what
unusual
transports
the
Polish
Nation
felt
upon
the
Arrival
of
these
two
Different
Tidings
;
Joy
and
Sorrow
,
like
contrary
Torrents
,
struggled
in
their
Breasts
,
ready
to
overwhelm
them
with
a
Neutral
Astonishment
.
The
death
of
their
King
in
the
Flower
of
his
Age
(
for
he
was
but
in
his
33th
.
year
)
leaving
the
Kingdom
not
only
engaged
in
a
terrible
War
abroad
,
but
(
what
was
worse
)
Embroil'd
and
in
danger
of
being
torn
to
pieces
by
Factions
at
home
,
and
the
Clashing
Interests
of
Pretenders
to
the
Crown
,
was
matter
of
an
afflicting
Consideration
:
But
on
the
other
side
,
such
a
Glorious
Victory
just
in
the
nick
,
seem'd
a
good
Omen
of
future
success
,
and
that
the
Divine
Favour
designed
not
to
abandon
the
State
of
Poland
to
the
Malice
and
Cruelties
of
its
Enemies
,
since
it
had
so
signally
appeared
for
its
preservation
:
And
besides
the
present
security
,
this
prosperous
Battel
brought
to
their
Affairs
(
Hali
Bassa
who
was
advancing
with
a
numerous
Host
to
reinforce
,
Hussain
Bassa
having
upon
the
News
of
his
total
defeat
,
Retreated
towards
the
Danube
;
)
The
terror
it
struck
into
the
Enemy
,
the
encouragement
it
gave
the
Polish
Soldiery
,
the
influence
it
had
on
Revolted
Provinces
,
and
Wavering
Friends
,
all
vastly
augmented
the
Import
of
it
;
for
Kingdoms
and
States
as
well
as
Merchants
,
subsist
as
much
by
Reputation
as
by
real
Intrinsick
strength
;
an
instance
whereof
was
soon
found
here
,
for
immediately
on
this
Blow
to
the
Turks
,
the
Envoy
from
the
Czar
of
Muscovy
,
offered
Poland
in
the
Name
of
his
Master
an
Assistance
of
50
thousand
Men
against
them
,
tho
he
very
little
observed
this
promise
afterwards
.
Nor
was
Sobieski
wanting
in
the
part
of
a
discreet
General
,
to
Improve
this
Victory
,
but
presently
dispatcht
some
Troops
under
the
Command
of
the
Crown-standardbearer
into
Walachia
,
the
better
to
secure
that
Countrey
in
their
Allegiance
,
and
sent
other
Forces
under
the
Weywode
of
Braklaw
to
quarter
round
about
Caminiec
,
and
so
strictly
Blockade
that
place
,
that
no
provisions
might
be
brought
into
it
;
after
which
,
having
disposed
the
rest
of
his
Troops
in
fit
Winter
Quarters
,
he
came
to
Lemburgh
resolving
to
reside
there
all
the
Winter
to
be
near
at
hand
in
any
emergency
;
nor
could
the
Invitations
of
the
Nobles
,
nor
of
the
Queen
Dowager
her self
,
who
wrote
to
him
to
be
present
at
the
Diet
at
Warsaw
in
January
,
about
the
Election
,
remove
him
;
so
much
did
he
prefer
the
service
and
safety
of
his
Countrey
before
the
pursuing
and
advancing
his
own
Interests
.
January
the
15th
.
1673
/
4
,
the
Diet
met
for
the
first
time
,
and
chose
the
Lord
Bielmiski
to
be
their
Marshal
,
or
Speaker
;
the
generality
of
the
Nobility
seemed
inclinable
to
make
choice
of
a
person
qualified
to
Marry
with
the
Queen
Dowager
,
as
well
for
their
Affection
to
her
Majesty
,
as
in
Good
Husbandry
for
the
Publique
,
to
prevent
the
many
Inconveniences
that
might
accompany
a
New
Queen
,
especially
in
point
of
Charge
,
when
instead
of
one
they
must
provide
Dowries
for
two
.
Amongst
the
Candidates
,
Prince
Charles
of
Lorrain
seemed
to
stand
fairest
,
for
besides
the
Interest
of
the
Emperour
and
the
Queen
Dowager
,
engaged
in
his
favour
,
many
of
the
Noblest
greatly
esteemed
his
person
for
the
vigour
of
his
Youth
,
and
the
Experience
he
had
already
had
of
Military
Affairs
;
whilst
those
that
opposed
him
,
had
only
to
alledge
,
that
't
was
to
be
feared
he
would
be
too
much
addicted
to
the
House
of
Austria
.
But
all
that
this
Diet
agreed
on
considerable
,
was
to
appoint
the
time
of
Election
to
be
the
20th
.
of
April
following
.
At
which
day
they
Reassembled
accordingly
,
and
began
to
adjust
the
Preliminaries
,
but
General
Sobieski
arrived
not
at
Warsaw
till
the
2d
of
May
,
making
his
entry
then
with
great
Solemnity
;
for
besides
his
Guard
of
two
Troops
of
Horse
,
and
a
Regiment
of
Dragoons
,
and
his
Train
which
were
numerous
of
persons
of
Quality
,
most
of
the
Nobility
and
Senators
that
were
there
went
forth
to
meet
him
,
at
the
Pallace
of
Prince
Radzevil
Under
Chancellor
of
Lithuania
,
he
alighted
and
was
with
all
his
Retinue
entertain'd
at
a
Noble
Banquet
:
The
next
day
his
Excellency
went
out
of
Town
to
pay
his
Respects
to
the
Queen
,
and
on
the
fourth
of
May
was
the
first
time
he
appeared
in
the
Diet
.
Where
for
several
days
following
,
there
happen'd
a
long
and
brisk
Contest
between
the
Nobility
and
Gentlemen
of
Poland
,
and
those
of
the
Dutchy
of
Lithuania
;
the
former
proposing
him
the
said
General
Sobieski
to
the
Publick
Choice
as
a
person
eminently
deserving
of
the
Republick
by
the
continued
services
he
had
rendred
it
,
and
particularly
for
the
Victory
obtained
in
the
last
Campaign
over
the
Turks
at
Cochmi
,
which
next
to
the
Divine
Assistance
they
solely
attributed
to
his
great
Courage
and
Conduct
;
and
that
at
present
being
engaged
in
a
War
with
so
powerful
an
Enemy
,
they
thought
they
could
not
make
choice
of
any
one
,
whose
Experience
in
Military
Affairs
,
and
his
other
great
Abilities
could
render
more
meriting
the
Crown
than
he
:
Adding
,
That
a
Forreign
Choice
would
but
engage
them
in
Forreign
Interests
,
which
might
perhaps
be
more
regarded
than
the
welfare
of
the
Crown
.
The
Lithuaners
on
the
other
side
,
urged
the
general
Resolution
of
the
Nobility
of
that
Dutchy
,
not
to
admit
of
any
Piasti
(
that
is
,
a
Native
either
of
Poland
or
Lithuania
)
for
that
they
had
found
the
ill
consequences
of
it
,
during
the
late
Kings
Reign
by
the
Factions
some
of
the
Nobility
had
stirred
up
against
him
;
and
therefore
they
ought
to
chuse
a
Forreigner
,
and
such
a
Prince
,
who
besides
his
other
endowments
rendring
him
worthy
of
the
Crown
,
could
be
a
fit
Husband
for
the
Queen
Dowager
,
and
who
was
assisted
by
powerful
Alliances
,
the
better
to
enable
the
republick
to
carry
on
the
present
War
against
the
Turks
;
on
all
which
Considerations
they
knew
none
fitter
to
be
their
King
than
the
Prince
of
Lorrain
.
Some
there
were
that
nominated
the
Prince
of
Newburgh
,
but
their
number
was
not
considerable
;
but
after
all
these
Disputes
,
General
Sobieski
was
by
plurality
of
Votes
,
and
indeed
at
last
almost
unanimously
Elected
King
on
the
21st
.
of
May
1674.
with
the
great
Applause
of
the
People
of
that
Kingdom
.
And
accordingly
the
Bishop
of
Cracow
in
the
absence
of
the
Archbishop
of
Guesna
(
who
was
sick
)
did
with
the
usual
solemnities
publickly
declare
him
King
by
the
name
of
John
the
third
King
of
Poland
,
Great
Duke
of
Lithuania
,
&c.
Who
forthwith
was
graciously
pleased
to
promise
of
his
own
free
will
and
motion
,
That
the
Queen
Dowager
should
be
provided
for
according
to
her
high
Quality
,
and
extraordinary
Merit
;
as
also
,
that
the
Arrears
of
the
Army
should
be
forthwith
discharged
out
of
his
own
Revenues
,
seeing
the
Publick
could
hardly
do
it
at
present
.
He
also
expressed
himself
willing
to
Confer
the
Command
of
Grand
Marshal
,
or
General
,
on
Prince
Demetrius
Wiesnowiski
,
Uncle
to
the
late
King
,
and
that
of
Lieutenant
General
of
the
Crown
(
thereby
becoming
vacant
)
to
the
Palatine
of
Kiovia
,
but
as
he
signified
his
Resolution
to
prosecute
the
War
against
the
Turks
with
the
utmost
vigour
,
or
oblige
them
to
an
Honourable
Peace
,
and
to
that
purpose
that
he
would
at
his
own
particular
charge
raise
1000
Foot
,
and
maintain
them
during
the
War
,
to
encourage
the
Senators
and
other
Great
Men
of
the
Kingdom
to
do
the
like
proportionably
;
so
he
desired
that
he
might
retain
the
command
of
General
in
his
own
hands
till
this
Campaign
be
ended
,
for
that
the
present
urgent
Affairs
of
the
Kingdom
were
like
to
prevent
his
Coronation
before
the
Campaign
;
which
the
Nobility
assented
to
:
As
likewise
that
the
Article
offered
in
the
Pacta
Conventa
obliging
the
King
not
to
Resign
the
Crown
on
any
occasion
whatsoever
,
should
be
omitted
.
The
15th
.
of
May
died
the
Archbishop
of
Guesna
scarce
warm
in
his
place
,
and
the
King
raised
the
Bishop
of
Culm
,
a
Person
of
great
esteem
and
merit
,
to
succeed
him
in
that
dignity
.
The
Queen
Dowager
by
the
consent
of
the
King
and
Diet
had
a
yearly
Revenue
of
200
thousand
Guilders
Assigned
her
,
with
liberty
to
reside
in
any
place
within
the
Polish
Territories
,
except
Cracow
,
or
some
other
fortified
places
on
the
Borders
of
Silesia
;
and
her
Majesty
made
choice
of
Thorne
in
Prussia
for
her
Residence
.
Tho
his
Majesty
was
most
solicitous
for
carrying
on
the
War
,
yet
the
Nobility
and
Senators
w●●e
generally
as
Remiss
therein
,
for
tho
they
had
promised
him
at
first
maintainance
for
60
thousand
Men
,
he
now
desired
it
but
for
40000
,
and
yet
such
were
their
Dissentions
and
Jealousies
as
would
not
permit
them
to
consent
thereunto
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Muscovites
pretending
Friendship
with
the
Poles
,
and
that
they
would
oppose
the
common
Enemy
,
had
on
the
contrary
only
fallen
upon
Doroskensko
,
Head
of
the
Rebel
Cossacks
and
recovered
many
places
in
the
Ukrain
to
inlarge
their
Territories
that
way
;
However
the
Great
Cham
of
Tartary
,
and
the
Grand
Seignior
with
their
Forces
hastned
thither
to
oppose
the
Muscovites
,
and
in
short
time
had
over-run
another
great
part
of
that
Countrey
;
so
that
the
whole
Province
was
like
to
be
intirely
lost
.
wherefore
to
give
what
Assistance
he
could
in
such
an
unfortunate
posture
of
Affairs
:
King
John
seeing
no
Recruits
or
Money
could
be
obtained
,
departed
from
Warsaw
on
the
22th
.
of
August
towards
the
Frontiers
,
appointing
a
Rendevouz
of
that
small
Army
he
had
,
to
be
held
on
the
15th
.
of
September
;
they
being
not
above
15
or
16000
Men
Effective
.
't
is
true
Romadanowski
the
Muscovitish
General
had
a
vast
Army
consisting
of
above
100
thousand
Men
,
encamped
near
the
River
Dniester
,
but
did
little
or
no
service
with
them
,
being
diverted
by
the
Turks
,
who
knowing
the
Suspicious
,
Jealous
Nature
of
that
People
,
caused
Reports
to
be
spread
,
that
the
Poles
had
made
their
own
Terms
,
and
were
clapping
up
a
Peace
with
the
Port
,
without
including
or
giving
them
notice
of
it
;
serving
themselves
of
this
Stratagem
,
the
Turks
and
Tartars
without
any
considerable
opposition
had
possessed
themselves
of
the
whole
Ukrania
,
except
two
or
three
places
,
and
at
last
besieged
the
Great
City
Haman
,
which
having
assaulted
with
great
fury
,
and
the
Muscovites
,
who
promised
to
relieve
it
,
being
instead
thereof
on
a
sudden
repassed
the
Dniester
and
Retreated
,
those
of
the
Town
surrendred
upon
Articles
to
have
their
Lives
and
Goods
saved
;
but
the
Barbarous
Enemy
without
any
regard
to
his
capitulation
,
put
all
the
Inhabitants
and
People
that
had
fled
thither
from
all
parts
round
about
for
shelter
,
Men
,
Women
,
and
Children
to
the
Sword
;
so
that
of
100
thousand
Souls
very
few
remained
alive
within
the
space
of
few
Hours
.
About
the
beginnning
of
October
the
Troops
of
Lituania
consisting
of
about
12000
came
up
to
the
King
of
Poland
,
so
that
then
he
was
30000
strong
,
and
having
held
a
Council
of
War
at
Slotzow
on
the
Frontiers
,
resolved
to
March
in
the
Head
of
them
into
the
Ukrain
and
fall
upon
the
Enemy
,
casting
aside
all
further
Treaty
,
which
now
again
the
Grand
Vizier
(
since
his
Master
the
Grand
Seignior
had
repassed
the
Danube
on
his
return
towards
Constantinople
)
had
made
overtures
of
,
on
purpose
to
amuse
the
Poles
,
and
foment
the
Jealousies
of
the
Muscovites
,
and
so
divide
them
.
Accordingly
his
Majesty
sending
forth
the
Weywode
of
Russia
with
a
considerable
party
to
learn
the
Condition
of
the
Enemy
,
who
near
the
Walls
of
Caminiec
surpriz'd
and
defeated
1000
Turkish
Horse
;
and
brought
away
150
of
them
Prisoners
,
did
in
Person
march
to
Barr
a
City
in
the
Ukrain
,
which
he
stormed
so
furiously
that
he
soon
became
Master
thereof
:
The
Turks
and
Tartars
that
were
there
flying
to
the
Castle
,
which
proved
not
long
their
shelter
,
but
on
the
18
of
Nov.
was
forced
to
surrender
upon
discretion
:
The
Turks
his
Majesty
generously
sent
away
with
a
Convoy
to
Caminiec
;
but
the
Lipher
Tartars
were
distributed
for
purchase
as
Slaves
amongst
the
Soldiers
of
Lithuania
.
Next
his
Victorious
Majesty
advanced
to
the
City
Mohilow
on
the
Dniester
,
a
place
of
great
Importance
,
as
being
the
pass
into
Moldavia
,
which
quickly
surrendred
to
his
Arms
,
as
likewise
did
Sciana
,
Kalnick
and
above
40
other
places
of
Podolia
;
but
at
this
time
the
Forces
of
Lithuania
would
needs
leave
his
Majesty
and
return
home
,
alledging
they
were
not
able
to
bear
the
Rigor
of
the
season
,
it
being
now
Dec.
74.
but
his
Majesty
with
his
gallant
Poles
resolved
still
to
continue
the
Campaign
,
and
push
on
his
good
Fortune
,
scarce
a
week
passing
,
but
some
considerable
Post
or
other
was
yielded
to
him
;
the
Turks
,
tho
they
had
very
considerable
Forces
in
those
parts
not
daring
to
make
Head
against
him
.
Towards
the
beginning
of
January
,
his
Majesty
took
in
Raskaw
,
a
Considerable
place
on
the
Deinster
,
wherein
were
1600
Turks
,
of
whom
the
Foot
were
all
Cut
to
pieces
,
but
the
Cavalry
made
their
Escape
,
the
Polish
Horse
being
so
wearyed
with
continual
Service
,
that
they
could
not
pursue
them
;
So
that
now
his
Majesty
had
Subdued
all
that
part
of
the
Ukrain
which
lies
Westward
of
the
Neiper
,
Excepting
the
City
of
Czebryn
,
the
Residence
of
Dorosensko
,
whom
He
Endeavoured
by
a
Treaty
to
Reduce
to
Obedience
,
and
the
other
made
Shews
of
Complying
therewith
,
upon
the
Demands
following
,
viz.
1.
That
the
Cossacks
shall
continue
in
the
free
Exercise
of
the
Greek
Religion
,
without
any
Disturbance
whatsoever
;
2.
That
a
Bishop
or
Arch-bishop
of
their
Church
,
shall
have
a
place
,
and
sit
in
the
Senate
;
3.
That
a
part
of
the
Ukrain
shall
be
set
apart
for
their
Army
.
4.
That
the
King
at
his
Coronation
shall
confirm
all
their
Priviledges
,
and
these
Articles
upon
Oath
;
5.
That
the
Republick
shall
declare
whether
they
have
need
of
the
Service
of
the
Cossacks
,
and
on
what
Conditions
they
desire
it
.
6.
That
the
Deputies
which
the
Cossacks
shall
send
to
the
Dyet
,
shall
be
received
,
and
treated
with
the
same
Respect
as
the
Deputies
of
the
Dukedom
of
Lythuania
,
or
of
the
Kingdom
of
Poland
;
7.
That
they
shall
continue
their
Commerce
with
their
Neighbours
as
heretofore
:
And
Lastly
,
That
they
may
Erect
Printing-Houses
,
Schools
,
&c.
But
nothing
Succeeded
Effectually
on
these
overtures
,
for
Dorosensko
was
but
Playing
his
own
Game
between
the
Poles
and
the
Muscovites
,
and
friend
to
neither
,
further
than
his
Interest
led
him
.
In
April
75.
The
Turks
and
Tartars
began
in
Numerous
Bodies
to
take
the
Field
.
King
John
who
had
held
out
in
those
parts
all
the
Winter
without
any
considerable
Recruits
,
whereby
his
small
Army
was
much
Weakned
,
so
that
it
was
generally
believed
he
would
be
Necessitated
to
quit
the
Ukrain
,
yet
Supported
by
his
Natural
Courage
,
he
Resolv'd
not
to
Stir
a
Foot
,
but
on
the
last
Extremity
,
and
therefore
Reinforc'd
the
Garrisons
at
Moh●low
,
Nimirow
,
Braclaw
,
Kalmick
,
and
Bialacierkiew
;
Which
being
done
,
he
left
not
Forces
enough
to
deserve
the
Name
of
an
Army
to
keep
the
Field
,
had
not
his
Valour
and
Conduct
,
like
a
Figure
advanc'd
in
place
in
Arithmetick
,
rendred
them
Virtually
as
many
thousands
,
as
they
were
Numerally
Hundreds
.
In
May
,
the
King
made
a
Step
to
Zlokzow
,
Eight
Leagues
from
Leopold
,
where
he
had
a
Consultation
with
several
Senators
of
the
Kingdom
,
Remonstrating
to
them
the
just
Reason
he
had
to
Complain
of
being
neglected
,
since
after
a
Campaign
of
Seven
Months
,
in
which
by
an
handful
of
Men
so
great
Advantages
had
been
procured
to
the
Crown
,
by
Restoring
under
its
Obedience
the
greatest
part
of
the
Ukrain
,
and
in
which
both
his
Majesty
in
his
own
Person
,
and
all
his
Souldiers
had
Suffered
so
much
through
the
Scarcity
of
Provisions
they
found
in
many
places
,
being
forc'd
to
eat
Horses
,
Dogs
,
&c.
for
their
Sustenance
,
together
with
Innumerable
Fatigues
and
Dangers
;
Yet
no
Care
had
been
taken
at
home
to
furnish
him
with
Supplies
Necessary
,
or
to
Enable
him
to
Recruit
his
Army
,
which
was
now
become
so
Weak
as
not
to
be
longer
able
to
keep
the
Field
;
His
Majesty
having
hitherto
been
Necessitated
to
maintain
the
War
almost
wholly
at
his
own
Proper
Charges
;
Which
yet
under
all
these
Perplexities
he
Resolved
to
continue
.
But
whatever
Instances
he
made
,
little
was
done
towards
his
Supply
;
However
,
he
return'd
to
the
Army
,
and
kept
his
Head
Quarters
at
Leopold
;
And
it
was
but
high
time
to
assure
the
People
of
those
parts
,
by
his
Royal
Presence
,
Who
otherwise
were
just
ready
to
abandon
their
Habitations
,
by
Reason
of
those
vast
Swarms
of
Turks
and
Tartars
,
which
they
had
Intelligence
were
every
day
pouring
into
their
Neighbourhood
,
amounting
in
all
,
to
the
Number
of
200
Thousand
or
upwards
.
On
the
17th
of
August
1675.
A
Council
was
held
of
the
Cheif
Commanders
of
the
Turks
and
Tartars
,
in
the
Presence
of
the
Great
Cham
himself
,
and
Ibrahim
Bassa
,
where
it
was
Resolved
to
Attempt
,
First
,
the
Town
of
Slotskow
,
and
afterwards
to
possess
themselves
of
Leopol
,
where
they
understood
the
King
of
Poland
then
was
Quarter'd
,
having
not
in
all
above
14000
men
with
him
,
for
the
Lithuanian
Troops
had
not
yet
Join'd
him
.
Pursuant
hereunto
,
on
the
22d
of
that
Month
Sultan
Nuradin
being
on
his
March
,
with
40
Thousand
Selected
Tartars
,
the
Flower
of
their
whole
Army
;
Accompanyed
besides
with
the
Eldest
Son
of
Cham
,
and
Sultan
Aquigitary
,
and
their
Troops
,
and
many
others
of
the
most
Eminent
Officers
,
as
Volunteirs
,
in
this
Expedition
;
So
that
the
whole
Body
Consisted
of
at
least
Sixty
Thousand
;
With
which
Formidable
Force
,
Sultan
Nuradin
on
the
23d
early
in
the
Morning
appeared
before
the
Town
and
Castle
of
Slotskow
,
eight
Leagues
from
the
Polish
Camp
at
Leopol
.
He
immediately
made
an
Assault
,
and
continued
it
till
two
in
the
Afternoon
,
with
all
Imaginable
Fury
;
But
the
Palatine
of
Russia
who
Commanded
there
,
had
so
well
disposed
of
his
Men
and
of
his
Cannon
,
that
with
very
little
loss
,
he
destroyed
great
Numbers
of
Infidels
;
who
being
thereby
Extreamly
discouraged
,
quitted
their
Enterprize
,
and
Marched
towards
Leopol
.
Where
his
Majesty
having
received
Intelligence
both
of
their
Repulse
at
Slotskow
,
and
of
their
Advance
towards
him
,
presently
Ordered
the
Cannon
to
be
continually
Fired
from
the
Castle
,
to
give
warning
to
all
the
Neighbouring
Garrisons
to
be
upon
their
Guard
,
then
went
and
Visited
the
Camp
,
and
gave
the
necessary
Orders
for
the
safety
of
his
Queen
and
the
young
Princes
,
who
were
at
the
same
time
in
that
City
;
For
he
was
Resolv'd
to
venture
All
in
the
Defence
of
his
Country
,
and
Common
Cause
o●
Christendom
.
Things
being
thus
Setled
,
his
Majesty
went
up
to
an
High
Hill
,
from
whence
he
could
observe
three
Leagues
Distance
round
about
,
and
about
Noon
perceived
by
the
Clouds
of
Dust
that
were
raised
,
The
Approach
of
the
Enemy
.
The
Kings
Camp
lay
about
a
Mile
from
Leopol
,
on
the
East-side
in
a
Valley
shut
up
by
several
Hills
,
somewhat
beyond
the
Camp
;
that
Way
the
Enemy
was
to
approach
,
there
was
an
Ascent
of
about
300
paces
,
and
having
Marcht
as
far
on
the
top
of
the
Hill
,
you
descend
again
by
a
very
narrow
Way
amidst
a
Wood
that
had
lately
been
Cut
,
at
the
Bottom
of
which
Descent
there
was
a
Plain
by
which
the
Tartars
must
necessarily
pass
to
Engage
them
:
The
King
Commanded
Prince
Radzevil
his
Brother
in
Law
,
to
Post
himself
with
some
Troops
for
the
Guard
of
a
Pass
on
the
Right
hand
of
his
Camp
;
And
General
Kariski
on
the
Left
,
caused
several
Pieces
of
Cannon
to
be
planted
on
a
Hill
,
from
whence
they
might
command
the
Plain
through
which
the
Tartars
were
to
pass
,
and
Lined
the
Wood
on
each
side
of
the
Narrow
Way
with
several
Companies
of
Musqueteers
;
Then
his
Majesty
caused
some
Troops
of
Horse
with
all
the
Voluntiers
to
advance
into
the
Plain
,
to
Oppose
the
Enemy
,
who
about
four
in
the
Afternoon
appeared
in
such
Numbers
,
that
all
the
Plain
was
cover'd
with
them
;
In
the
mean
time
,
the
King
from
an
Hill
observ'd
the
Countenance
of
the
Enemy
,
and
gave
the
necessary
Orders
,
and
caused
several
other
Troops
of
Horse
to
Advance
before
him
,
and
being
followed
with
Six
Troops
of
Hussars
,
which
〈◇〉
posted
on
the
Right
and
Left
of
the
Way
,
in
the
midst
of
the
Copse
or
Low-wood
,
so
advantagiously
that
they
appeared
to
be
far
more
in
Number
than
indeed
they
were
,
his
Majesty
with
a
Natural
Air
of
Gallantry
usual
to
him
in
time
of
Action
,
and
a
chearful
Countenance
Presaging
Victory
,
Entred
himself
into
the
Plain
,
Encouraged
his
Souldiers
,
telling
them
he
came
there
with
a
full
Resolution
either
to
Conquer
with
them
,
or
to
dye
with
them
;
and
having
thrice
with
a
loud
Voice
pronounced
by
Way
of
Invecation
,
the
Name
of
JESUS
,
and
giving
the
Souldiers
all
his
Benediction
,
he
briskly
Advanc'd
in
the
Head
of
them
toward
the
Enemy
;
And
now
the
Fight
began
to
be
sharp
on
all
sides
,
His
Majesty
omitting
no
part
of
his
Office
either
as
to
Courage
or
Conduct
,
but
perform'd
both
the
parts
of
a
most
prudent
General
,
and
of
a
most
Valiant
Souldier
,
and
by
his
Example
inspiring
all
the
rest
of
his
Officers
and
Souldiers
,
so
that
with
this
small
handful
of
men
,
he
made
those
vast
Multitudes
begin
to
fly
before
Night
,
leaving
great
Numbers
slain
upon
the
place
.
And
for
a
Testimony
of
a
Compleat
Victory
,
their
Great
and
onely
Standard
which
they
always
carry
before
them
,
was
taken
.
His
Majesty
would
gladly
have
pursued
the
Enemy
further
,
but
that
the
Night
was
dark
,
and
he
feared
lest
the
Cham
with
the
rest
of
the
Troops
might
come
up
to
their
Assistance
.
In
this
great
Action
the
most
Memorable
Victory
that
has
been
Atcheived
in
our
Age
,
or
indeed
almost
in
any
other
,
the
King
had
not
with
him
above
4000
men
(
The
rest
being
left
to
secure
the
City
of
Leopol
,
)
and
of
those
scarce
1500
came
up
to
Execution
;
And
with
such
a
Party
thus
to
defeat
by
plain
downright
fighting
an
Army
of
Threescore
Thousand
Combatants
,
seems
altogether
prodigious
or
miraculous
;
yet
so
great
was
the
fright
and
Consternation
that
the
Tartars
were
in
,
that
they
fled
that
one
Night
as
many
Leagues
as
they
had
Marched
three
days
before
,
and
to
make
the
more
hast
,
left
behind
them
that
little
Baggage
they
had
brought
with
them
.
Nor
was
the
Confusion
less
in
the
Camps
of
the
Cham
and
Ibrahim
Bassa
,
upon
seeing
their
Companions
returning
in
this
disorder
from
an
expedition
from
which
they
had
promised
themselves
so
much
advantage
;
But
after
some
days
Recruiting
and
Consideration
,
to
shew
that
they
were
not
dismaid
at
this
ill
success
,
't
was
resolved
to
March
with
all
their
Forces
towards
the
King
of
Poland
;
And
in
order
thereunto
,
2000
Janisaries
and
a
strong
body
of
Horse
,
were
sent
out
to
Attacque
a
small
Castle
near
Brzeziani
,
in
which
were
only
60
Poles
,
who
yet
so
bravely
Behaved
themselves
,
that
they
repulsed
the
Infidels
with
great
loss
;
which
so
much
dampt
their
Spirits
,
that
they
would
not
proceed
on
their
intended
design
upon
the
City
of
Brzeziani
.
But
on
the
contrary
,
the
Polish
Crown-Ensign
,
who
Commanded
there
,
making
a
Sally
with
a
Party
of
Horse
,
fell
upon
the
Rear
of
the
Tartars
,
killed
many
of
them
,
and
made
the
whole
Body
mend
their
pace
.
Soon
after
10000
Tartars
advancing
somewhat
near
the
City
Leopol
,
the
King
sent
out
the
Lord
Harkownisky
with
a
good
Body
of
Horse
against
them
,
who
after
a
brisk
Engagement
forced
them
to
take
to
their
heels
;
leaving
a
great
number
dead
behind
,
tho
in
this
Action
there
were
several
Brave
Polish
Gentlemen
likewise
slain
.
In
September
the
Lithuanian
Troops
being
come
,
the
King
was
no
longer
content
to
make
good
his
Post
at
Leopol
,
but
would
also
with
that
small
Army
not
then
above
15000
,
advance
to
seek
out
the
Enemy
,
who
were
at
least
seven
times
as
many
in
Number
.
But
left
his
Royal
Consort
,
and
the
Young
Princes
still
at
Leopol
,
being
willing
they
should
remain
there
,
to
keep
the
people
of
those
parts
in
heart
,
who
might
otherwise
for
fear
abandon
their
Habitations
,
and
leave
the
Country
desolate
,
but
by
this
means
were
induced
to
continue
at
their
Dwellings
,
considering
that
the
King
,
his
Queen
and
Children
,
were
exposed
to
the
same
danger
as
They
.
His
Majesty
understanding
that
the
Enemy
had
Besieged
Podhais
,
did
intend
to
March
on
the
15th
of
September
to
Releive
it
,
but
on
the
14.
received
Intelligence
of
its
being
Surrendred
,
and
Twelve
Thousand
Persons
made
Prisoners
,
and
the
Town
first
plundred
and
then
Burnt
,
though
they
had
expresly
Capitulated
to
March
away
with
their
Persons
and
Goods
.
Upon
Advice
of
which
,
His
Majesty
on
the
17th
,
held
a
Council
of
War
at
Lemburgh
,
where
several
of
the
Senators
advised
not
to
Adventure
with
so
few
Forces
against
such
a
Mighty
Enemy
;
But
His
Majesty
Heroickly
told
them
,
That
he
would
not
sit
still
and
see
so
many
poor
Christians
carried
into
Slavery
,
and
his
Territories
laid
desolate
;
But
was
resolved
to
Remedy
it
,
or
perish
in
the
Attempt
.
And
so
Marched
forwards
the
same
day
towards
the
Enemy
;
who
were
then
sat
down
before
Buczaez
,
but
upon
notice
of
his
Advance
,
raised
their
Seige
,
and
Marched
with
all
their
Forces
to
Trembowlae
,
which
they
Invested
.
And
Ibrahim
Bassa
the
Turks
General
,
sent
to
summon
the
Garrison
to
surrender
;
who
Answered
,
That
if
they
came
thither
in
hopes
of
meeting
with
any
Booty
or
Plunder
in
the
place
,
they
were
much
deceived
,
For
there
were
only
Soldiers
and
Peasants
who
defended
it
,
and
had
nothing
to
lose
but
their
Lives
,
which
they
were
resolved
to
sell
very
dear
.
His
Stout
Answer
much
incensed
the
Turks
,
so
that
in
14
days
which
they
continued
the
Seige
,
they
shot
above
2000
Cannon
Bullets
into
the
Town
,
and
500
Fireballs
,
and
sprung
divers
Mines
,
though
without
effect
,
and
stormed
several
times
,
but
were
repulsed
with
great
loss
,
and
yet
continued
obstinate
to
pursue
the
Siege
,
till
happening
by
Chance
to
Intercept
a
Peasant
charged
with
a
Letter
from
the
King
to
the
Governour
,
in
which
His
Majesty
assured
him
,
That
he
was
coming
in
Person
with
his
whole
Army
to
Relieve
him
,
and
that
in
order
thereto
he
had
already
passed
such
a
River
,
and
was
Marching
directly
towards
the
Enemy
;
Immediately
upon
which
(
such
was
the
Terror
of
King
Sobieski's
name
to
the
Infidels
)
Ibrahim
Bassa
gave
order
for
dislodging
the
Cannon
from
the
Batteries
which
consisted
of
about
100
peices
,
and
to
March
towards
Caminiec
,
and
the
next
day
decampt
his
whole
Army
and
followed
them
;
Marching
above
Fifteen
Leagues
in
so
much
Confusion
and
Consternation
,
that
he
Commanded
the
Tartars
to
keep
near
him
to
cover
his
March
,
just
as
if
he
had
been
routed
in
Battel
,
and
a
Victorious
Enemy
were
in
the
pursuit
of
him
;
and
thought
themselves
not
secure
till
they
had
Entrencht
themselves
under
the
protection
of
the
Canons
of
Caminiec
;
a
thing
almost
incredible
,
that
an
Army
of
15
,
or
(
at
most
)
Sixteen
Thousand
should
,
force
an
Army
of
100
Thousand
and
upwards
to
raise
two
Sieges
with
so
much
disorder
and
precipitation
.
Nay
when
lodged
under
the
Walls
of
Caminiec
,
they
yet
thought
not
themselves
safe
;
For
the
King
advancing
after
them
that
way
,
Ibrahim
Bassa
held
a
Council
of
War
,
where
it
was
resolved
not
to
stand
an
Engagement
with
the
Poles
,
but
to
pass
the
N●ester
,
and
March
away
towards
Walachia
,
which
was
done
accordingly
,
but
not
so
suddenly
,
but
part
of
the
Kings
Troops
under
the
Lord
Lubomirski
fell
upon
their
Rear
,
and
slew
great
Numbers
of
them
.
And
also
the
King
forthwith
caused
several
Troops
to
Advance
one
each
side
of
the
Niester
,
with
such
good
success
that
the
said
.
Lubomirsk
seized
on
the
Enemies
Bridge
,
Cutting
in
pieces
all
those
that
were
left
to
Guard
it
,
and
the
Night
following
the
Lord
Konski
,
General
of
the
Artillery
,
met
with
500
Waggons
drawn
by
above
2000
Oxen
,
that
were
coming
from
Caminiec
to
pass
that
Bridge
,
which
he
took
,
destroying
their
Convoy
,
and
releasing
a
great
many
Christians
,
whom
the
Infidels
were
carrying
into
Slavery
;
And
the
Soldiers
being
for
their
Encouragement
allowed
the
Plunder
,
possessed
themselves
of
a
rich
booty
,
as
well
in
mony
as
goods
,
wherewith
those
Waggons
were
laden
.
His
Majesty
ordered
that
the
Boats
which
Composed
the
Bridge
before
mentioned
,
should
be
carried
and
laid
up
in
some
place
of
security
,
to
be
made
use
of
as
occasion
should
serve
the
next
Spring
.
And
then
being
informed
,
That
the
Turks
in
the
fear
they
were
in
of
being
further
pursued
,
had
marched
night
and
day
,
and
again
repassed
the
Danow
,
as
also
that
the
Tartars
were
returned
home
by
the
way
of
Bialogrod
,
resolved
to
put
his
Army
into
Winter
Quarters
,
and
to
endeavour
to
settle
Affairs
at
home
,
so
as
he
might
early
take
the
Field
next
Spring
.
And
accordingly
His
Majesty
on
the
12th
of
November
,
arrived
at
Zulk●ew
,
three
Leagues
from
Leopol
,
where
,
as
he
was
most
joyfully
received
of
his
Queen
and
the
Young
Princes
his
Children
,
so
no
less
almost
was
the
Joy
of
all
the
people
,
Crowding
to
behold
,
salute
,
and
Welcome
home
the
Common
Father
and
Deliverer
of
their
Country
.
CHAP.
V.
The
King
Crowned
;
Obtains
another
great
Victory
over
the
Turks
and
Tartars
;
The
Articles
of
Peace
,
The
Magnificent
Entertainment
of
his
Excellency
the
English
Ambassador
.
IT
was
now
high
time
to
prepare
for
the
Solemnity
of
the
Kings
Coronation
;
for
by
the
Constitution
of
that
Kingdom
,
there
are
several
things
which
a
Prince
Elect
cannot
perform
till
that
Ceremony
be
past
.
Therefore
Jan.
17.
the
Corps
of
the
late
King
Michael
Wisnowitski
was
Convey'd
from
Warsaw
in
a
Chariot
,
drawn
by
Six
Horses
,
attended
with
all
the
Officers
of
his
Houshold
,
and
many
Persons
of
Quality
,
to
Cracow
,
where
their
present
Majesties
were
lately
Arrived
;
Waited
upon
by
almost
all
the
Nobility
of
the
Kingdom
;
The
Body
of
King
Casimire
which
had
been
sent
for
out
of
France
,
was
also
brought
thither
,
and
on
one
and
the
same
day
were
perform'd
the
Funerals
of
both
those
Kings
,
with
the
usual
Ceremonies
and
becoming
Respects
to
their
Memories
:
Which
being
Dispatcht
,
on
the
Second
of
February
1675
/
6.
King
John
Sobieski
,
and
his
Queen
,
were
Crowned
in
the
Castle
of
Cracow
,
with
all
the
Pomp
and
Magnificence
Imaginable
,
and
the
next
day
his
Majesty
Received
the
Homage
of
all
the
Senators
,
Nobility
,
&c.
And
the
French
Ambassador
presented
to
his
Majesty
a
Solemn
Declaration
of
the
King
his
Master
,
by
which
he
Adopted
the
Queen
of
Poland
his
Daughter
,
Declaring
that
accordingly
She
should
upon
all
Occasions
be
lookt
upon
and
Treated
as
a
Daughter
of
France
;
And
on
the
eighth
of
March
following
her
Majesty
was
happily
delivered
of
a
Young
Princess
.
The
King
Applying
himself
to
Supply
the
Vacancies
,
made
the
Prince
Lubomirski
Grand
Marshal
of
the
Kingdom
;
The
Lord
Siniawski
Mareschal
of
the
Court
;
on
Prince
Demetrius
Wisnowiski
,
Palatine
of
Belz
,
He
bestow'd
the
Command
of
General
of
the
Forces
of
the
Kingdom
;
and
that
of
Lieutenant
General
,
void
by
his
Removal
on
Jablownowski
Palatine
of
Russia
.
In
June
76.
the
Sultan
Nuradin
with
the
two
Sons
of
the
Cham
of
Tartary
,
pass'd
the
Niester
with
a
great
Body
of
Men
,
and
sent
out
parties
to
Ravage
the
Country
;
And
Ibrahim
Bassa
with
his
Turks
Advanced
to
several
Posts
about
Caminiac
.
In
the
mean
time
,
tho'
very
good
Resolutions
were
taken
at
the
last
Diet
,
yet
so
negligent
had
they
been
in
the
several
Palatinates
to
put
them
in
Execution
,
that
the
King
had
neither
men
nor
money
to
make
Resistance
:
However
he
Ordered
what
Troops
he
had
to
March
towards
Leopol
,
to
a
Rendezvous
there
;
And
being
destitute
of
all
other
means
,
Issued
out
his
Letters
for
Convoking
the
Arrierban
for
the
Defence
of
the
Kingdom
.
About
August
76.
His
Excellency
Lawrence
Ambassador
from
the
King
of
Great
Brittain
,
to
his
Majesty
of
Poland
,
being
Arrived
at
Dantzick
;
the
Queen
of
Poland
soon
after
came
thither
also
in
her
Way
for
France
,
to
Drink
the
Waters
of
Burbon
for
the
Recovery
of
her
Health
,
(
though
afterwards
that
Journey
was
laid
aside
)
of
whom
he
had
Audience
;
and
having
performed
his
Complement
to
her
Majesty
,
presented
the
Young
Princess
,
to
whom
his
Majesty
of
Great
Brittain
was
prayed
to
be
Godfather
,
with
a
very
rich
and
Noble
Jewel
on
the
part
of
his
said
Majesty
,
and
so
passed
on
to
Poland
;
Where
he
was
Received
with
all
Demonstrations
of
Respect
and
Kindness
,
suitable
to
his
Character
and
Person
.
The
Turks
and
Tartars
began
now
to
appear
very
formidable
,
and
yet
continued
so
sensible
of
their
last
years
defeats
,
and
so
afraid
of
the
very
Name
of
King
Sobieski
,
That
they
desired
nothing
more
than
Peace
,
for
which
purpose
the
Grand
Seignior
by
the
Prince
of
Moldavia
made
an
Overture
for
a
Treaty
;
Nor
were
the
King
of
Polands
Affairs
in
a
Condition
to
refuse
such
an
Offer
,
and
so
Commissioners
were
sent
.
In
the
mean
time
to
omit
nothing
for
the
publick
safety
,
the
King
understanding
that
the
Turks
were
on
their
March
towards
Jaslovies
,
about
Six
Leagues
beyond
Caminiec
;
He
Marched
on
the
sixth
of
September
from
Javarow
with
intention
to
Releive
it
,
but
by
the
Cowardice
or
Treachery
of
the
Governour
,
the
same
was
yielded
with
little
or
no
resistance
,
and
Burnt
,
as
likewise
they
did
two
or
three
other
considerable
places
,
and
were
Marching
towards
Trembowla
.
Whereupon
His
Majesty
with
all
Expedition
Advanced
,
and
leaving
all
his
Baggage
at
Zorawno
to
make
more
haste
,
on
the
24th
of
October
fell
upon
the
Enemies
Vanguard
,
and
killed
many
,
putting
the
rest
into
disorder
;
but
the
Tartars
being
30
Thousand
strong
,
Rallied
,
and
came
down
on
the
whole
Polish
Army
,
where
a
bloody
Fjght
continued
from
Noon
till
Evening
,
and
in
conclusion
the
Infidels
were
put
to
flight
in
great
Confusion
;
but
His
Majesty
being
vastly
inferiour
in
Number
,
not
above
15
or
16000
to
oppose
near
150
Thousand
,
had
abundance
of
brave
men
Killed
and
Wounded
.
These
ill
Successes
on
the
Turks
part
the
more
easily
disposed
them
to
a
Peace
,
which
soon
after
was
Concluded
on
the
following
Articles
,
very
honourable
and
advantagious
to
the
Polish
Crown
,
viz.
1.
That
the
Treaties
concluded
with
the
late
King
Michael
,
should
be
quite
abolished
,
and
no
more
account
in
the
least
be
had
of
them
.
2.
That
as
for
what
concern'd
Podolia
,
the
Turks
should
retain
Caminiec
,
with
a
certain
Circuit
of
Ground
round
it
;
and
concerning
the
Ukrain
the
greatest
part
,
as
Bialacirkew
,
Pawloz
,
Galnick
,
Memocrow
,
&c.
to
be
quitted
to
the
Poles
;
so
that
what
was
left
to
the
Turks
was
inconsiderable
,
and
mostly
under
Dorosensko
.
3.
All
Prisoners
and
Slaves
to
be
set
at
Liberty
,
and
no
further
Hostility
to
be
permitted
.
4.
The
Christian
Religion
to
be
freely
Exercised
in
all
places
that
the
Turks
retain
,
by
this
Treaty
.
5.
That
the
Turks
should
Renounce
their
pretentions
to
the
Monies
promised
them
by
the
Treaty
of
Leopol
,
and
the
Hostages
given
on
that
Account
to
be
Released
.
6.
That
the
Turks
and
Tartars
should
promise
a
strict
Alliance
to
the
Poles
,
and
assist
them
against
their
Enemies
.
7.
That
the
Custody
of
the
Holy
Sepulchre
shall
be
restored
to
the
Franciscans
,
to
prevent
all
differences
on
that
Account
.
The
Peace
being
thus
happily
concluded
,
and
the
Infidels
retired
;
His
Majesty
of
Poland
came
back
in
November
to
Zulkiew
,
where
His
Excellency
my
Lord
Hide
the
English
Ambassador
had
Audience
in
a
most
splendid
manner
,
being
Conveyed
in
the
Kings
Richest
Coach
,
and
received
by
the
Mareschal
of
the
Court
at
the
Stairs
,
who
Conducted
him
to
the
Chamber
of
Presence
,
where
His
Majesty
received
him
standing
under
a
very
rich
Canopy
of
State
,
Cloathed
in
a
long
Robe
of
Cloth
of
Gold
,
and
a
Vest
of
Cloth
of
Silver
.
After
the
usual
Formalities
of
the
Audience
were
over
,
and
that
the
King
had
for
some
time
entertained
His
Excellency
in
more
familiar
discourses
,
He
was
pleased
to
take
him
into
the
Queens
Apartment
,
His
Excellency
every
where
meeting
with
a
Reception
full
of
the
highest
Kindness
and
Esteem
from
their
Majesties
,
who
as
a
further
instance
thereof
,
were
pleased
to
Invite
His
Excellency
to
an
Extraordinary
Supper
prepared
in
a
large
and
stately
Room
,
His
Excellency
being
seated
on
the
Kings
Right-hand
,
and
next
to
him
,
as
likewise
on
the
Queens
Left-hand
several
persons
of
the
greatest
Quality
in
that
Kingdom
.
After
Supper
,
which
lasted
several
Hours
,
and
was
served
in
with
great
Magnificence
,
His
Excellency
was
Conducted
back
to
his
place
of
Refidence
with
the
King
Coaches
,
&c.
The
next
day
all
the
Senators
and
other
Persons
of
Quality
made
their
Visits
to
His
Excellency
,
which
he
returned
the
day
following
;
And
on
the
13th
of
November
had
his
Audience
of
Congee
of
their
Majesties
,
in
Order
to
his
Return
home
.
He
hastening
to
Nimeguen
,
where
he
assisted
as
one
of
the
Plenipotentiares
for
mediating
a
General
Peace
.
In
December
following
,
His
Most
Christian
Majesty
in
Testimony
of
his
Respects
to
His
Majesty
Commanded
his
Ambassador
Resident
in
that
Court
to
invest
His
Majesty
with
the
Order
of
the
Holy
Ghost
,
which
Ceremony
was
performed
with
extraordinary
Magnificence
;
The
said
Ambassador
at
the
same
time
,
making
to
both
their
Majesties
several
Presents
from
the
King
his
Master
,
which
were
valued
at
some
millions
of
Livres
.
CHAP.
VI
.
Of
the
Actions
of
his
Majesty
of
Poland
afterwards
;
and
Particularly
in
his
late
Expedition
for
the
Relief
of
the
Empire
,
at
the
Raising
of
the
Siege
of
Vienna
,
and
since
to
this
Time
.
HIS
Majesty
of
Poland
having
thus
Restor'd
Peace
to
his
Dominions
,
than
which
after
such
long
Confusions
and
Hazards
nothing
could
be
more
welcome
or
advantagious
to
his
Subjects
,
did
not
during
that
Repose
,
abandon
Himself
to
private
Pleasures
,
nor
at
all
Slacken
his
Royal
Care
for
the
publick
Welfare
and
their
Future
Security
:
But
applyed
himself
with
all
Dilligence
to
Repair
those
Impressions
which
the
late
Incursions
from
abroad
,
and
Disturbances
at
home
,
had
made
upon
the
Realm
.
To
provide
for
the
due
and
equal
Administration
of
Justice
,
and
placing
fit
Persons
in
Offices
of
Importance
,
and
for
the
Management
of
Weighty
Affairs
:
To
Reconcile
and
put
a
period
to
those
Factions
which
had
been
nourished
amongst
the
Grandees
,
by
the
secret
Enemies
of
that
Crown
;
To
fortify
himself
with
such
necessary
Alliances
as
might
conduce
to
the
Common
Utility
of
Christendom
;
and
in
a
word
,
accommodating
his
Vigilant
Endeavours
to
all
those
prudential
Arts
of
Government
that
render
a
people
safe
and
happy
,
and
are
in
themselves
no
less
laudable
and
necessary
Offices
of
a
good
Prince
,
though
perhaps
not
so
fam'd
and
glittering
as
the
Atcheivments
of
Warr
and
Trophies
of
Victory
.
Amongst
the
rest
he
entred
into
a
Treaty
with
the
Czar
of
Muscovy
,
which
held
a
long
time
for
the
Adjustment
of
several
points
in
debate
;
for
though
they
earnestly
pressed
him
to
a
New
Rupture
with
the
Port
,
offering
great
Assistances
,
yet
His
Majesty
reflecting
how
much
they
had
fail'd
formerly
in
their
promises
of
that
kind
,
was
cautious
of
embarquing
himself
in
a
new
War
without
sufficient
security
that
he
should
not
still
be
left
in
the
lurch
when
he
might
have
most
occasion
to
expect
the
aid
of
their
Forces
.
But
in
the
beginning
of
the
year
1683.
Intelligence
daily
arriving
of
the
vast
preparations
the
Turks
were
making
for
Invading
Hungary
and
other
Neighbouring
Parts
of
the
Empire
;
His
Majesty
thought
he
could
no
longer
in
Prudence
for
his
own
Safety
,
Nor
in
Conscience
for
the
general
Cause
of
Christendom
,
sit
any
longer
still
without
endeavouring
to
oppose
the
Designs
of
the
Infidels
.
And
therefore
caused
a
Diet
to
be
held
in
February
,
where
the
matter
being
debated
,
It
was
concluded
,
That
Twenty
Thousand
Men
should
be
forthwith
raised
for
the
Defence
and
Security
of
that
Kingdom
in
the
Present
Conjuncture
;
And
that
the
said
Resolution
should
stand
good
tho'
the
Dyet
should
happen
to
be
unseasonably
broken
up
through
the
Protestation
of
any
of
the
Deputies
,
which
too
often
happens
.
And
Count
Wallastain
being
sent
Ambassador
from
his
Imperial
Majesty
to
the
Crown
of
Poland
,
did
on
the
second
of
April
,
1683.
Conclude
and
Sign
an
Alliance
,
whereby
the
Emperour
obliged
himself
to
Act
with
an
Army
of
Sixty
Thousand
Men
against
the
Turks
,
and
the
King
of
Poland
promised
to
have
between
Thirty
and
Forty
Thousand
Men
in
the
Field
the
Summer
following
for
the
assistance
of
the
Empire
;
Which
League
was
approved
of
by
the
Dyet
,
who
on
the
fourth
of
that
Moneth
broke
up
their
Assembly
with
great
satisfaction
to
all
Parties
.
There
was
at
that
time
a
Turkish
Chiaux
present
in
the
Polish
Court
,
who
endeavoured
all
he
could
to
divert
His
Majesty
from
entering
into
this
Engagement
,
declaring
that
the
Cham
of
Tartary
with
a
mighty
Army
would
fall
into
that
Kingdom
,
if
any
Assistance
were
given
the
Emperour
from
thence
.
And
it
was
also
reported
,
as
if
the
Minister
of
a
certain
Christian
King
was
not
wanting
also
underhand
to
cast
in
Rubs
to
hinder
His
Majesty
from
those
Resolutions
.
But
however
,
so
it
was
,
that
the
Threatnings
of
the
one
,
&
Insinuations
of
the
other
were
not
regarded
,
but
His
Majesty
remain'd
still
stedfast
in
his
purpose
of
opposing
the
Progress
of
the
Ottoman
Arms
;
which
Pious
Inclinations
,
the
Justice
of
Heaven
has
since
Rewarded
with
such
stupendious
Successes
,
as
must
render
his
Name
and
Memory
the
delight
and
wonder
of
all
Posterity
.
I
shall
neither
weary
the
Reader
with
a
tedious
deduction
of
the
Original
Occasions
and
Progress
of
the
disturbances
in
Hungary
,
begun
at
first
by
several
Great
Men
of
that
Kingdom
(
Roman
Catholicks
)
on
pretence
of
their
Liberties
being
violated
,
and
afterwards
unhappily
continued
and
fomented
by
the
unnecessary
Severities
practised
upon
the
Protestants
of
that
Country
;
Which
the
Turk
taking
the
Advantage
of
,
offered
them
his
protection
,
and
on
that
quarrel
seemed
to
ground
his
present
Expedition
;
Nor
shall
I
undertake
to
give
a
particular
Account
of
that
most
memorable
Siege
of
Vienna
,
since
the
same
is
sufficiently
publisht
to
the
World
by
other
Pens
;
But
briefly
summ
up
the
most
remarkable
passages
wherein
His
Majesty
of
Poland
was
Concern'd
.
The
Intelligence
of
the
Turks
Advance
with
a
vast
Army
,
extreamly
startled
the
Emperour
,
the
rather
for
that
at
the
same
time
,
He
had
Advice
that
the
French
were
drawing
together
great
Forces
towards
Germany
;
So
that
he
was
under
Apprehensions
they
would
have
taken
the
Advantage
of
this
Juncture
to
fall
upon
the
Empire
on
that
side
;
But
whether
it
were
an
effect
of
the
Generosity
of
the
most
Christian
King
,
or
that
he
omitted
it
on
the
earnest
Request
of
the
Pope
,
who
wrote
to
him
on
that
occasion
,
or
that
he
waited
to
see
first
the
success
of
the
Ottoman
Arms
,
or
for
whatever
other
Reasons
,
so
it
was
,
That
he
attempted
nothing
of
that
kind
.
The
Imperial
Army
under
the
Command
of
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
had
Besieged
New-Hausel
(
a
strong
Town
taken
some
years
since
from
the
Empire
by
the
Turks
)
where
they
had
advanced
with
good
hopes
of
being
quickly
Masters
of
it
,
when
express
Order
came
from
the
Emperour
to
Raise
that
Seige
,
and
put
Forces
into
Comorra
,
Raab
,
and
Presburgh
,
esteemed
the
Bulwarks
of
Christendom
,
and
which
it
was
rationally
supposed
the
Turks
would
first
Attempt
,
and
not
leave
behind
them
Garrisons
of
such
Importance
;
and
therefore
great
Care
was
taken
to
fortify
them
,
whilst
the
Imperial
City
of
Vienna
,
not
looking
upon
it self
in
such
sudden
danger
,
was
not
so
well
provided
for
.
The
Duke
of
Lorrain
used
all
the
Endeavours
of
a
prudent
General
to
secure
his
Retreat
from
Newhausel
;
but
his
Forces
were
so
discouraged
at
the
Raising
of
the
Siege
,
that
when
the
Infidels
from
the
Garrison
fell
upon
them
,
the
Rearguard
made
little
opposition
,
but
hastned
their
March
to
save
themselves
,
and
so
exposed
the
Infantry
,
which
the
Duke
had
placed
behind
in
certain
Houses
to
Flank
the
Enemy
,
to
inevitable
destruction
,
amongst
whom
was
the
Count
de
Taexis
,
descended
of
one
of
the
best
Families
in
Spain
.
The
Duke
with
the
rest
of
the
Army
retreated
towards
the
Isle
of
Schut
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Troops
intrusted
with
the
Guard
of
an
important
Pass
at
Vaag
,
revolted
to
Count
Teckeley
,
Chief
of
the
Malecontents
in
Hungary
,
and
Confederate
with
the
Turks
,
who
thereby
finding
the
way
open
,
past
the
Vaag
,
and
advanced
to
the
Banks
of
the
Danube
;
and
building
a
Bridge
above
Papas
,
carried
over
their
Infantry
,
whilst
their
Cavalry
and
Baggage
Marched
round
,
and
came
over
the
Bridge
at
Papas-Town
,
and
presently
sent
out
Parties
which
Harrassed
and
Plundred
and
Burnt
all
the
Country
;
And
one
great
Detachment
following
the
Imperial
Army
fell
upon
their
Reer
,
who
by
the
suddenness
of
the
Enemies
coming
,
and
the
Bruit
of
their
vast
Numbers
,
were
so
amaz'd
,
that
notwithstanding
all
the
Duke
could
do
,
his
Cavalry
abandoned
his
Foot
,
and
retired
towards
Vienna
;
and
though
the
Chevalier
of
Savoy
(
Son
of
the
late
Count
of
Soissons
)
and
Count
Taaff
,
made
a
brave
resistance
,
(
wherein
the
Former
was
slain
)
yet
the
Turks
became
Master
of
the
Baggage
,
and
therein
of
a
Booty
valued
at
Three
Hundred
Thousand
Crowns
.
The
greatest
part
of
the
Dukes
Infantry
secured
themselves
in
the
Isle
of
Schut
,
and
were
in
eminent
hazard
of
being
all
lost
,
had
not
the
Duke
quickly
brought
back
his
Horse
,
and
forc'd
a
passage
to
their
Relief
,
and
put
part
of
them
(
as
ordered
before
)
into
Raab
,
Comorra
,
and
Presburgh
,
and
with
the
rest
and
his
Cavalry
withdrew
near
Vienna
;
For
which
Cities-sake
this
disaster
may
be
counted
happy
,
for
if
these
Forces
had
not
been
thus
driven
thither
,
it
would
not
have
been
able
to
defend
it self
against
the
unexpected
Siege
which
immediately
followed
.
For
upon
Advice
of
this
near
approach
of
the
Enemy
,
Their
Imperial
Majesties
and
the
Court
,
on
the
7th
of
July
,
left
Vienna
,
and
went
thence
to
Lintz
,
and
afterwards
to
Passaw
;
but
before
they
were
gone
far
from
the
City
,
had
the
affliction
to
behold
all
the
Towns
,
Villages
and
Houses
on
the
other
side
the
Danube
on
Fire
by
the
Enemy
,
who
wherever
they
came
gave
those
Flaming
.
Testimonies
of
their
Cruelty
.
Soon
after
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
thought
fit
also
to
retire
with
his
Cavalry
,
and
what
Forces
he
could
spare
,
leaving
there
under
the
Governour
Count
Starembergh
,
Twelve
Thousand
Men
Effective
,
which
with
the
Standing
Garrison
compleated
the
whole
to
about
Fifteen
Thousand
Souldiers
,
besides
the
Scholars
,
Burghers
,
and
Handicrafts-men
,
who
were
able
to
bear
Arms
,
and
did
continual
duty
.
On
the
fourteenth
of
July
the
City
was
Invested
by
the
Turkish
Army
,
consisting
in
all
of
about
150
Thousand
Men
,
against
which
most
Formidable
Power
,
and
all
their
Attaques
,
wherein
they
were
not
wanting
either
in
Courage
or
Skill
,
but
did
more
mischief
by
their
Mines
than
their
Batteries
,
the
Garrison
though
but
ill
provided
,
did
yet
by
the
Resolution
and
Encouragement
of
their
Incomparvble
Governour
,
bravely
defend
it self
,
till
the
twelfth
of
September
following
,
during
all
that
time
doing
great
Execution
on
the
Enemy
,
who
were
then
beat
off
by
the
United
Forces
of
the
King
of
Poland
and
the
Imperial
Princes
.
For
pursuant
to
the
League
with
the
Emperour
before
mentioned
,
No
sooner
was
it
known
,
That
the
Infidels
were
Entred
Christendom
,
but
His
Majesty
of
Poland
with
all
imaginable
diligence
gathered
together
his
Forces
:
And
though
there
wanted
not
some
about
him
who
were
supposed
Pensioners
to
France
,
That
insinuated
how
unsafe
it
might
be
to
the
Kingdom
,
for
its
Forces
to
March
out
to
assist
others
,
when
in
the
mean
time
they
might
be
liable
to
the
Incursions
of
the
Tartars
and
Turks
at
home
;
yet
this
brave
Prince
esteemed
himself
obliged
in
Justice
and
Honour
to
neglect
such
Suggestions
,
and
with
all
Expedition
put
his
Army
into
a
posture
to
March
.
And
having
dispatcht
away
the
Sieur
Lubomirski
with
three
Regiments
of
Horse
,
before
,
who
notwithstanding
Count
Teckeley's
Endeavours
to
Intercept
them
,
joyned
with
General
Schuts
,
and
did
very
good
Service
in
several
Rencounters
,
His
Majesty
in
Person
came
to
Cracow
on
the
29th
of
July
,
having
first
been
to
perform
his
Devotions
at
Crenstochow
,
And
soon
after
advanc'd
with
his
whole
Army
,
through
Silesia
,
causing
it
to
March
in
three
Bodies
,
and
different
ways
,
for
their
greater
Conveniency
and
Speed
;
And
from
the
Imperial
Court
the
Schafgats
was
ordered
to
go
and
Complement
him
at
his
Arrival
on
the
Frontiers
,
also
his
Imperial
Majesty
Himself
on
the
twenty
third
of
August
parted
from
Passaw
for
Krembs
,
where
was
appointed
the
Common
Rendezvous
for
His
Majesty
of
Poland
,
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
and
the
Auxiliary
Troops
of
the
Empire
,
all
to
meet
at
.
On
the
second
of
September
His
Majesty
of
Poland
Arrived
at
Holbron
with
the
bravest
Cavalry
that
the
Sun
ever
beheld
,
(
but
much
Harrassed
with
the
fatigues
of
so
tedious
and
continual
a
March
)
consisting
of
18000.
Horse
,
most
of
them
Polish
Gentlemen
,
who
for
the
most
part
had
each
of
them
a
stout
Servant
or
Two
well
Arm'd
;
His
Infantry
were
about
15000
,
and
could
not
come
up
till
two
or
three
days
after
,
so
that
there
was
a
Necessity
to
rest
a
few
days
to
Refresh
the
wearied
Souldiers
before
they
adventured
on
any
Action
:
For
which
purpose
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
had
provided
against
their
coming
great
quantities
of
Provisions
both
for
Horse
and
Men
.
In
which
time
,
as
well
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
as
their
Highnesses
of
Bavaria
,
and
Saxony
came
to
visit
and
pay
their
Respects
to
His
Majesty
,
who
received
them
after
a
most
obliging
manner
,
and
presented
his
Son
Prince
Alexander
to
their
Acquaintance
and
Friendship
;
a
Prince
not
above
Fifteen
or
Sixteen
Years
of
Age
,
but
in
prudence
and
Courage
much
out
stripping
his
years
,
who
attended
his
Father
this
Campaign
,
to
instruct
himself
under
so
great
a
Master
in
the
Rudiments
of
War
.
After
the
first
Civilities
necessary
between
Persons
of
such
Illustrious
Quality
were
past
,
knowing
their
Business
was
not
Complement
,
but
the
Securing
of
Christendom
from
the
most
Eminent
Danger
it
had
been
in
,
for
some
Centuries
;
They
held
a
Council
of
War
to
adjust
the
measures
fit
to
be
taken
in
the
Management
of
that
great
Work
before
them
,
viz.
The
Relief
of
Vienna
;
And
having
Concluded
all
Particulars
,
and
Communicated
the
Scheme
of
their
Resolutions
to
the
Emperour
(
who
had
altered
his
Intention
of
Coming
up
to
the
Armies
,
because
he
would
leave
the
Honour
of
Commander
in
Chief
to
the
King
of
Poland
)
and
the
same
being
by
him
approved
;
They
began
to
Advance
to
put
them
in
Execution
;
and
indeed
it
was
High
time
;
For
the
City
was
now
reduc'd
to
the
very
last
Extremity
,
and
in
Humane
probability
could
not
have
held
out
for
many
hours
longer
.
On
the
11th
of
September
,
The
whole
Christian
Army
,
consisting
of
near
Fourscore
thousand
Combatants
,
was
come
almost
within
sight
of
the
Turks
,
and
all
things
were
prepared
for
the
Battel
next
Day
.
The
Right
Wing
was
assign'd
by
Consent
to
his
Majesty
of
Poland
,
because
He
had
most
Horse
,
and
the
Country
was
on
that
side
open
;
The
Left
to
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
,
and
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
for
that
it
was
amongst
Inclosures
all
along
the
Danube●
;
And
the
Mainbody
to
the
Elector
of
Saxony
,
and
Prince
Waldeck
,
with
the
Troops
of
the
Circles
.
By
break
of
Day
,
September
12.
All
the
Generals
met
on
an
Hill
to
give
the
last
Orders
,
and
were
no
sooner
come
thither
,
But
a
Body
of
about
ten
Thousand
of
the
Flower
of
the
Turkish
Cavalry
appeared
,
advancing
amain
towards
the
Christians
;
whereupon
a
Battalion
was
Ordered
to
put
themselves
into
a
Vineyard
that
was
on
another
Hill
,
hard
by
,
seconded
by
three
other
Battalions
,
who
put
a
stopp
to
the
Turks
Carrier
;
for
not
induring
the
fierce
Firings
of
the
said
Battalions
,
and
being
all
Horse
,
and
in
a
Ground
where
they
could
not
well
Attaque
the
Foot
,
they
contented
themselves
with
one
Discharge
accompanied
with
an
Hideous
Noise
or
Hollow
,
and
so
retired
.
Whereupon
the
King
of
Poland
and
other
Princes
,
drew
the
Army
in
Three
Lines
,
all
closed
,
without
any
Intervails
,
charging
them
to
March
very
flowly
towards
the
Enemy
,
and
to
stand
when
the
Turks
came
to
Charge
them
,
keep
themselves
close
,
and
not
Fire
till
the
Enemy
had
made
their
Discharge
;
which
was
observ'd
accordingly
.
The
Turks
advanced
towards
them
with
a
horrible
Cry
,
as
if
they
meant
to
break
in
upon
them
,
hoping
thereby
to
make
them
give
way
,
or
put
them
into
Disorder
.
But
perceiving
that
the
Christians
stood
firm
,
and
expected
them
in
a
very
close
Order
;
They
durst
not
push
any
further
,
but
made
an
Halt
,
Discharg'd
and
wheeld
off
;
Upon
which
immediately
all
the
first
Line
of
the
Christians
Fired
,
and
the
whole
Army
advanced
with
a
slow
pace
,
gaining
Ground
upon
the
Enemy
;
who
returning
,
came
up
as
before
,
and
the
Christians
thereupon
made
an
Halt
,
and
expected
them
;
and
the
Turks
having
Discharged
,
again
retired
;
and
thus
they
did
several
times
without
being
able
to
break
in
upon
the
Christians
,
who
still
gain'd
Ground
and
drave
them
before
them
.
Being
thus
got
near
the
Enemies
Camp
,
a
Body
of
Foot
and
Dragoons
was
Detached
to
Attacque
their
Cannon
,
which
they
became
Masters
of
without
much
Opposition
,
the
Enemy
having
but
a
small
number
of
Foot
to
defend
them
.
On
the
Right
Wing
their
Horse
endeavoured
to
Charge
the
Christians
in
Flank
,
but
the
King
of
Poland
mistrusting
their
Design
,
caused
part
of
the
second
Line
to
Advance
and
make
a
Front
on
that
side
,
and
Charging
the
Enemy
in
Person
with
the
first
Line
made
them
give
way
.
Whilst
this
was
doing
,
the
Grand
Vizier
had
caused
two
Mines
to
be
sprung
under
the
Ramparts
of
the
City
not
farr
from
the
Scots-Gate
,
whereby
a
Breach
was
made
able
to
let
in
Thirty
or
Forty
Men
a
Breast
;
designing
to
take
the
City
by
storm
,
and
instantly
to
draw
his
Men
within
the
Walls
,
and
under
the
Cannon
thereof
to
secure
his
Baggage
Tents
and
Train
.
But
tho'
his
Forces
designed
to
Effect
this
,
omitted
nothing
that
could
be
done
,
and
fought
like
men
Desperate
,
rather
than
Valiant
;
yet
Count
Starembergh
having
instantly
clapt
ten
Great
Guns
upon
the
Breach
loaden
with
Musquet
Shot
,
Nails
,
pieces
of
Horse-Shoes
,
&c.
Cut
off
the
Assailants
in
vast
Numbers
,
and
yet
fresh
ones
still
Crowded
on
,
and
were
as
Valiantly
resisted
by
the
Besieged
,
so
that
the
Ground
for
above
half
an
hour
was
Disputed
with
the
last
Efforts
of
Resolution
on
each
side
;
but
at
last
the
Turks
were
forced
to
Retreat
to
their
Trenches
;
Upon
whom
Starembergh
made
a
sally
;
and
a
party
from
the
Prince
of
Lorrain
coming
at
that
instant
to
his
Assistance
on
the
other
side
,
beat
them
out
,
and
Cut
in
pieces
more
than
Four
Thousand
Janizaries
.
In
Conclusion
towards
Night
the
whole
Body
of
the
Turks
began
to
fly
,
the
Christians
pursuing
them
beyond
their
Camp
,
being
too
weary
,
after
having
been
near
Forty-eight
hours
upon
Duty
,
to
follow
them
;
But
the
Soldiers
were
Commanded
upon
pain
of
Death
not
to
stirr
out
of
their
Ranks
,
and
the
whole
Army
continued
all
night
in
Battalia
to
prevent
any
surprize
.
But
the
next
Day
finding
the
Enemy
clear
March'd
away
,
Liberty
was
given
to
Plunder
their
Camp
,
half
a
Company
going
out
at
a
time
,
while
the
other
half
continued
in
Arms
,
and
when
the
first
returned
,
the
Second
went
out
in
like
manner
.
Here
were
taken
all
the
Enemies
Baggage
,
and
vast
quantities
of
Provisions
and
Ammunition
,
above
one
hundred
pieces
of
Cannon
,
two
Horse-Tails
(
which
they
use
to
hang
out
as
a
Denunciation
of
Warr
,
when
they
undertake
any
Expedition
.
)
The
Viziers
own
Horse
,
all
their
Tents
,
in
Number
above
Thirty
Thousand
,
and
the
Graud
Seigniors
STANDARD
,
Extraordinary
Rich
and
Sumptuous
;
The
Exact
Figure
,
and
Arabick
Inscriptions
whereof
,
with
their
Interpretations
,
you
have
before
the
Title-Page
hereof
.
This
mighty
Victory
(
in
obtaining
which
,
the
Christians
lost
not
above
One
Thousand
Men
,
and
very
few
Persons
of
Quality
)
must
under
God
,
be
chiefly
attributed
to
the
great
Conduct
and
Courage
of
the
King
of
Poland
,
who
Engaged
his
Royal
Person
amongst
the
thickest
of
the
Enemy
,
having
with
him
the
Prince
his
Son
,
who
thus
early
signaliz'd
Himself
.
Nor
ought
the
Electors
of
Bavaria
and
Saxony
,
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
and
Prince
Waldeck
,
to
want
their
share
of
the
Glory
,
since
they
all
Behaved
them selves
extreamly
well
,
and
gained
great
Honour
and
Reputation
.
September
the
Thirteenth
,
The
King
of
Poland
and
other
Princes
entered
Vienna
,
a
sad
Spectacle
of
past
desolation
,
which
yet
now
served
to
Inhance
the
Joy
for
its
delivery
;
His
Majesty
Embraced
the
gallant
Starembergh
with
the
highest
expressions
of
Esteem
for
his
Person
,
Valour
and
Conduct
.
The
next
day
the
Emperour
Arrived
there
,
and
met
the
King
of
Poland
at
the
Head
of
his
Army
drawn
up
in
Battalia
,
to
whom
in
the
most
Endearing
Terms
,
he
made
his
Acknowledgments
;
Who
received
them
with
a
Modesty
equal
to
his
Courage
;
avowing
that
he
had
only
used
his
just
endeavours
to
discharge
the
Obligations
which
he
ow'd
to
the
Safety
and
Repose
of
Christendom
,
and
that
the
Success
of
his
Arms
,
was
to
be
wholly
attributed
to
the
Goodness
of
God
,
and
the
Bravery
of
those
Princes
who
had
done
him
the
Honour
to
joyn
their
Treops
to
his
.
His
Imperial
Majesty
having
ordered
Prince
Alexaneer
to
be
presented
with
a
Sword
richly
set
with
Diamonds
,
and
so
after
a
short
interview
departed
,
and
the
King
of
Poland
Decamped
with
his
Army
and
marched
to
Wiseha
,
and
so
by
a
Bridg
of
Boats
over
the
Danube
about
a
mile
below
Presburgh
,
on
the
twenty
fifth
of
September
,
and
the
twenty
seventh
the
Imperial
Army
advancing
after
him
passed
over
at
the
same
place
.
On
the
ninth
of
October
,
understanding
that
a
Body
of
about
14000
Turks
lay
incamp'd
near
Barkan
,
being
the
Choicest
Troops
that
were
remaining
of
their
whole
Army
,
under
the
Command
of
several
Bassa's
of
best
account
,
His
Majesty
of
Poland
,
and
some
few
of
the
Imperial
Troops
advanced
thither
,
The
Turks
no
sooner
saw
them
,
but
they
came
briskly
on
,
and
Charged
very
desperately
,
but
being
as
warmly
received
,
after
a
sharp
Encounter
the
Infidels
were
put
to
Flight
,
one
of
their
Bassa's
slain
,
another
taken
Prisoner
,
and
the
rest
of
them
hurrying
over
the
Bridge
at
Gran
,
the
same
broke
down
,
so
that
of
all
that
Body
of
men
,
there
were
not
4000.
that
escaped
.
In
this
Battel
the
young
Prince
Alexander
had
his
Horse
shot
under
him
.
Also
here
,
the
brave
Lord
Landsdown
,
a
young
English
Noblem●n
(
Son
to
the
Right
Honourable
the
Earl
of
Bath
)
who
being
abroad
upon
his
Travels
with
his
Brother
,
had
put
himself
into
the
Campaign
,
first
as
a
Voluntier
,
and
at
the
Relief
of
Vienna
served
as
a
Captain
of
Horse
,
where
having
given
large
Testimonies
of
his
Valour
,
he
now
Commanded
a
squadron
in
Count
Taafts
Brigade
,
and
so
signaliz'd
himself
.
That
afterwards
about
the
beginning
of
January
last
,
waiting
on
his
Imperial
Majesty
at
Lintz
,
he
was
received
with
particular
esteem
in
that
Court
,
and
the
Emperour
at
his
taking
leave
of
him
,
was
pleased
to
declare
,
that
he
could
not
suffer
a
Nobleman
of
so
much
merit
to
return
for
England
,
from
a
Compagne
,
wherein
he
had
acquitted
himself
with
so
much
Gallantry
,
without
a
Mark
of
Honour
,
and
therefore
at
the
same
time
delivered
him
a
Warrant
to
the
Elector
of
Mentz
,
Chancellour
of
the
Empire
,
to
pass
a
Diploma
constituting
his
Lordship
a
Count
of
the
Empire
,
by
the
Title
of
Count
Greenville
.
The
next
Considerable
Exploit
of
his
Majesty
of
Poland
was
,
by
taking
of
Zytchin
,
a
place
of
great
Importance
;
for
having
parted
with
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
and
understanding
that
the
Turks
had
there
a
Considerable
Garrison
,
which
might
Incommode
the
Communication
between
his
Troops
,
and
the
Imperialists
;
sent
the
Prince
his
Son
and
the
Palatine
of
Lublin
with
a
small
Body
of
Horse
,
to
view
it
,
and
at
their
return
,
gave
order
to
attaque
that
place
;
where
the
Turks
on
their
side
were
in
a
posture
of
defence
,
and
having
notice
that
that
the
King
had
ordered
the
Cossacks
to
fall
upon
their
Suburbs
,
set
them
on
fire
the
night
before
,
which
yet
hindred
not
the
Cassacks
from
possessing
themselves
of
one
of
their
Gates
,
and
breaking
down
the
Palizados
.
The
Turks
defended
themselves
with
great
Resolution
,
and
after
a
sharp
dispute
forced
the
Cossacks
to
retire
,
till
being
seconded
with
some
fresh
Troops
,
they
renewed
the
Charge
,
and
Compelled
the
Turks
to
quit
the
Town
,
and
take
shelter
in
the
Castle
,
which
the
King
commanded
immediately
to
be
Assaulted
,
and
then
the
Turks
hung
out
a
White
Flag
,
and
the
Commander
in
Chief
with
two
others
came
out
,
and
prayed
his
Majesty
to
permit
them
to
March
out
to
Buda
;
Which
was
granted
,
and
so
they
went
forth
,
being
eight
hundred
Foot
and
five
hundred
Horse
;
In
the
place
were
taken
great
store
of
Provisions
and
Ammunition
,
and
Twenty
Pieces
of
Cannon
,
besides
several
small
Field
Pieces
;
and
His
Majesty
afterwards
put
the
Town
into
the
hands
of
the
Imperialists
;
And
the
very
next
day
sent
to
summon
two
Castles
called
Brigh
and
Holoch
,
who
yielded
at
discretion
.
Thence
his
Majesty
Marched
to
Kimasombat
,
and
on
the
sixteenth
of
Novem
.
the
General
of
Lithuania
met
his
Majesty
there
.
During
his
Majesties
stay
in
the
upper
Hungary
,
he
endeavoured
by
all
fair
means
to
reduce
Count
Teckeley
to
obedience
,
offering
him
very
good
Termes
,
for
the
performance
of
which
he
would
be
Guarranty
;
but
finding
the
same
ineffectual
,
and
that
it
would
not
be
convenient
to
continue
with
all
his
Troops
this
Winter
in
those
parts
,
left
only
those
of
Lithuania
there
,
and
with
the
rest
which
had
been
much
weakned
by
those
extraordinary
and
continual
Services
they
had
performed
,
Marcht
home
into
Poland
?
and
Arrived
at
Cracow
on
the
21st
of
December
,
where
he
was
welcomed
by
all
the
Applauses
and
Testimonies
of
an
univerversal
Affection
from
his
Subjects
;
and
to
render
their
Joys
and
Triumphs
more
Compleat
,
the
News
Arrived
that
the
Sieur
Kiniski
General
of
the
Cossacks
,
had
obtained
a
Great
Victory
over
the
Turks
and
Tartars
,
who
being
above
forty
thousand
strong
,
Commanded
by
two
Tartarian
Generals
,
and
Haley
Bey
a
Turkish
Officer
,
who
had
under
him
a
selected
Body
of
Spahies
,
and
some
Troops
of
Janizaries
,
had
made
a
suddain
March
,
designing
to
fall
upon
the
Poles
in
Podolia
,
and
Relieve
Caminiec
,
which
was
Blockt
up
;
whereupon
the
General
of
the
Cossiacks
drawing
together
thirty
thousand
Men
,
and
marching
with
great
diligence
to
intercept
them
,
on
the
fourth
of
December
Attacqued
them
near
Tilgrotin
,
and
defeated
them
,
with
so
great
a
slaughter
,
that
thirty
thousand
men
of
them
,
were
destroyed
on
the
place
,
and
in
pursuit
;
Their
two
Tartar
Generals
endeavouring
in
vain
to
Rally
their
men
,
being
slain
,
and
Haley
Bey
being
taken
Prisoner
,
offered
an
hundred
thousand
Crowns
for
his
Life
,
But
the
Cossacks
into
whose
hands
he
fell
,
quarrelling
about
sharing
the
money
,
Killed
him
,
to
end
the
dispute
.
After
which
Victory
,
the
Cossacks
advanc'd
into
the
Countrey
of
the
Tartars
of
Budziack
,
putting
all
they
met
with
to
the
Sword
;
so
that
,
't
is
said
,
they
slew
near
one
Hundred-Thousand
;
and
having
finisht
their
Ravage
,
took
Bialogrod
and
Ketin
,
and
placed
Garrisons
therein
.
All
which
successes
made
such
Impressions
on
the
Wallachians
,
that
Thirty
Thousand
of
them
have
Sworn
fidelity
to
the
Crown
of
Poland
,
and
to
Joyn
with
the
Cossacks
against
the
Turks
and
Tartars
;
And
't
is
said
the
Moldavians
are
following
their
Example
.
In
the
mean
time
His
Majesty
has
appointed
a
Diet
to
be
held
for
taking
the
Necessary
Resolutions
for
prosecuting
this
Happy
Warr
;
Resolving
to
be
again
in
the
Field
early
in
the
Spring
with
a
greater
Army
than
ever
.
Thus
have
we
waited
on
this
Triumphant
Prince
through
several
of
the
most
Important
Actions
of
his
Life
;
and
now
must
leave
him
,
for
the
present
,
to
the
Conduct
of
that
Divine
Hand
which
has
hitherto
blest
him
with
such
a
constant
series
of
miraculous
Success
.
To
Attempt
his
Character
would
require
another
Volumne
;
Alexander
and
Caesar
,
United
,
will
not
express
half
the
Idaea
of
his
Merit
.
He
is
Master
of
all
the
Gallantry
of
Antient
Hero's
,
but
free
from
the
Blemishes
of
their
Pride
,
Ambition
and
other
Vices
;
His
Subjects
find
Him
as
Just
,
kind
and
Indulgent
,
As
his
Enemies
,
Valiant
;
And
he
Labours
not
for
his
own
Glory
and
Interest
;
But
to
Repel
Barbarians
,
and
secure
and
Inlarge
the
Bounds
of
Christianity
;
whereby
his
Name
is
become
more
terrible
to
the
Infidels
than
ever
was
that
of
Scanderbeg
or
Huniades
;
In
a
word
He
seems
a
special
Instrument
raised
by
Providence
to
Conferr
a
double
Obligation
on
all
the
Christian
World
,
by
Repulsing
the
Mahumetans
from
without
,
and
preventing
the
Tyranny
of
others
amongst
themselves
,
who
from
an
Insatiate
Ambition
,
are
more
than
suspected
of
a
Design
to
have
taken
the
Advantage
by
those
Confusions
,
to
have
Grasp'd
to
themselves
an
Universal
Monarchy
.
FINIS
.