A
DISCOURSE
OF
Earthquakes
.
AN
Earthquake
is
the
great
inconvenience
of
Nature
;
and
whereas
all
other
evils
admit
of
some
remedy
to
alleviate
them
,
nothing
remains
to
this
,
but
that
it
happens
more
seldome
.
Against
Thunders
,
and
when
Nature
seems
to
be
in
an
angry
fit
among
the
Clouds
,
and
throws
down
its
destructive
Fires
,
some
deep
subterraneous
Caves
may
perhaps
afford
a
refuge
;
such
as
that
reported
to
be
made
by
Augustus
Caesar
in
the
Flaminian
way
,
where
being
affrighted
with
Lightning
he
used
to
retire
.
But
against
such
a
voracious
evil
there
is
no
security
.
The
Sea
it self
affords
no
safety
,
when
its
Waters
are
swelled
beyond
their
natural
bounds
,
by
the
fury
of
subterraneous
Exhalations
.
The
best
use
therefore
we
can
make
of
these
Prodigies
and
unusal
Accidents
,
is
to
contemplate
the
infinite
Wisdom
and
Power
of
God
,
in
the
contrivance
of
this
Earth
which
we
inhabit
.
The
late
Earthquake
which
hapned
Sept.
the
8th
.
was
felt
not
only
at
London
,
but
at
the
same
time
near
fifty
miles
distant
in
Sussex
,
where
I
then
was
;
and
which
(
as
was
observed
by
credible
Persons
)
sensibly
shook
one
part
of
a
House
,
while
the
other
was
perfectly
unmoved
,
and
passed
according
to
the
bigness
of
the
hollows
and
ramifications
of
vast
subterraneous
Caverns
,
with
a
more
or
less
sensible
concussion
.
This
unusual
Phaenomenon
with
us
,
led
me
to
the
consideration
of
the
immediate
Origine
and
Natural
Causes
of
Earthquakes
;
not
at
all
doubting
,
but
that
there
is
a
higher
Power
which
moderates
and
guides
the
blind
impetus
and
force
of
such
raging
and
ferocient
Motions
.
In
order
to
which
I
shall
consider
first
the
Frame
and
Structure
of
this
present
Earth
,
which
I
shall
borrow
from
such
Authors
as
my
present
station
would
allow
me
,
and
so
far
as
my
Judgment
extends
,
reflect
upon
the
Reasons
of
their
several
Hypotheses
.
SECT
.
I.
WE
are
to
know
therefore
,
That
the
Earth
is
no
where
one
entire
compacted
Mass
,
or
solid
Contexture
,
but
bored
through
with
infinite
Burrows
and
Cavities
,
which
pass
under
the
very
bottom
of
the
Sea
,
and
dispread
themselves
into
infinite
Branches
throughout
the
whole
Terrestrial
Globe
,
like
the
Ramifications
of
Veins
,
and
Nerves
,
and
Arteries
in
the
Humane
Body
.
And
as
some
of
these
are
the
Conduits
to
supply
the
Body
with
an
aqueous
Substance
,
so
through
others
is
derived
a
Substance
more
unctuous
and
balsamick
:
And
lastly
,
others
convey
up
and
down
for
the
motion
of
the
Corporeal
Frame
,
a
certain
Igneous
,
Spirituous
,
and
Celestial
Matter
.
To
which
,
by
an
easie
Analogy
,
we
may
imagine
,
That
some
of
these
dark
Recesses
,
and
deep
Burrows
,
are
no
other
than
Aquaeducts
,
and
that
by
these
this
exteriour
Sea
may
have
a
communication
with
that
inmost
or
deepest
Abyss
,
and
is
carried
to
the
roots
of
Mountains
and
Hills
;
where
,
as
by
certain
Alembicks
,
it
is
distilled
,
and
becomes
in
a
great
measure
the
Original
of
Fountains
and
Rivers
,
which
by
a
constant
current
return
back
what
they
borrowed
of
the
Sea
.
Others
are
like
Aeolipyles
,
wherein
a
constant
Air
or
Wind
is
carried
,
which
serves
as
well
for
the
forcing
the
Waters
into
the
dark
Vaults
,
as
for
the
exsuscitation
and
keeping
alive
that
constant
and
perpetual
Fire
which
Nature
keeps
under
ground
.
And
therefore
as
there
is
a
constant
passage
through
these
subterraneous
Burrows
for
Air
and
Water
;
so
we
cannot
imagine
but
that
such
an
active
Element
as
Fire
should
every
where
pervade
and
pass
through
them
.
SECT
.
II
.
NOW
that
the
Earth
is
in
all
places
full
of
these
Cavities
and
hollow
Passages
,
is
evident
,
1.
From
the
communication
that
some
Seas
are
said
to
have
one
with
another
;
as
for
instance
,
The
Caspian
Sea
amongst
others
,
receives
into
it
that
vast
River
Volga
(
of
which
Varenius
in
his
Geography
,
Lib
.
1.
C.
16.
Propos
.
5.
says
,
That
within
the
compass
of
a
Year
it
pours
such
a
quantity
of
Water
into
the
Caspian
Sea
,
as
would
be
able
to
cover
the
whole
Globe
of
the
Earth
,
)
without
any
visible
out
let
.
Therefore
it
being
impossible
that
the
redundancy
of
this
Water
should
be
extracted
by
the
Sun
in
vapours
,
this
Sea
must
sensibly
increase
,
and
at
last
over-flow
all
its
banks
;
which
we
find
it
does
not
,
but
continues
with
little
or
no
variation
in
the
same
Altitude
.
Hence
it
is
very
rationally
supposed
by
modern
Geographers
,
that
it
hath
Communication
with
some
other
Seas
by
subterraneous
Ducts
and
Chanels
.
Which
Athanasius
Kircher
in
his
Mundus
subterraneus
,
Tom
.
1.
c
.
13.
Sect
.
1.
with
great
probability
asserts
to
be
these
two
chiefly
:
The
first
is
a
vast
and
infernal
Cavern
passing
even
under
Mount
Cancasus
,
whereby
the
Caspian
disburdeneth
and
dischargeth
it
's
Waters
into
the
Euxine
Sea
,
the
whole
Region
of
Georgia
and
Megrelia
lying
between
,
being
as
it
were
a
Bridge
over
these
Waters
that
pass
underneath
;
and
this
he
proves
first
,
from
constant
and
daily
observation
,
viz.
That
when
the
Eastern
Winds
do
the
most
fiercely
rage
and
exercise
their
force
upon
the
Caspian
Sea
,
at
the
same
time
there
are
observed
greater
Ebullitions
and
Agitations
in
the
Euxine
Sea
:
And
on
the
contrary
,
When
the
Western
Winds
prevail
,
and
violently
agitate
the
Euxine
,
the
Caspian
suffers
unusual
perturbations
:
which
is
an
evident
sign
that
these
two
Seas
communicate
one
with
another
in
reciprocal
Motions
through
hidden
and
wide
subterraneous
Burrows
.
Secondly
,
he
argues
from
some
rejectaneous
Offals
found
in
the
Euxine
,
which
are
proper
only
to
the
Caspian
Sea
,
such
as
a
certain
kind
of
Alga
or
Seaweed
,
and
Serpents
,
and
the
planks
of
ships
made
of
such
timber
as
grows
not
about
the
Euxine
but
the
Caspian
Sea
.
Whereby
the
Communication
of
these
two
Seas
further
appears
.
The
other
Out-let
or
subterraneous
Duct
leads
into
the
Sinus
Persicus
,
or
Persian
Bay
;
in
which
there
is
a
Vortex
or
Gulf
,
which
at
some
times
swallows
up
the
Waters
to
a
very
sensible
and
remarkable
decrease
,
and
after
a
while
the
Chanel
being
full
,
no
token
or
sign
of
any
Vortex
appears
.
By
which
it
is
probably
conjectured
that
when
the
Caspian
Sea
agitated
by
violent
Winds
hath
thrown
much
of
it
's
Waters
into
the
Euxine
Sea
,
it
is
again
replenished
from
this
Persian
Gulf
.
And
the
like
Communication
is
found
between
the
Red
Sea
and
the
Mediterranean
by
these
hidden
Burrows
and
Perforations
under
ground
.
2.
Another
Argument
of
the
hollowness
of
the
Earth
,
is
the
passage
of
Rivers
underground
,
which
break
forth
again
in
distant
places
,
and
appear
as
new
Rivers
.
The
most
famous
of
these
is
Niger
,
a
River
in
Africa
,
which
modern
Geographers
will
have
to
be
derived
from
Nilus
by
subte●raneous
Aquae
ducts
:
This
great
River
having
his
Course
obstructed
and
shut
up
with
a
mighty
chain
of
the
Mountains
of
Nubia
,
hath
either
found
or
forced
a
passage
under
them
,
and
meeting
in
those
subtenraneous
Vaults
with
a
fresh
supply
,
breaks
out
on
the
Western
side
of
those
Mountains
and
falls
into
the
Atlantick
Ocean
.
Thus
Tygris
▪
in
Mesopotamia
crossing
the
Lake
Arethusa
;
and
meeting
with
the
Mountain
Taurus
,
loseth
himself
there
in
a
vast
and
deep
Den
or
Cave
,
and
ariseth
again
on
the
other
side
;
afterwards
passing
through
the
Lake
of
Thospites
,
he
again
hides
himself
under
ground
,
where
traveling
about
six
German
Miles
,
he
breaks
forth
anew
,
and
continues
his
course
till
not
far
from
Babylon
,
he
falls
into
Euphrates
.
Aristotle
,
in
his
Meteors
,
takes
notice
of
many
such
Rivers
about
Arcadia
,
in
Peloponnesus
,
absorped
in
gaping
Hollows
of
the
ground
,
and
at
some
distance
emerging
again
.
Lycus
and
Erasinus
are
mentioned
by
Ovid
,
Met
.
15.
Sicubi
terreno
Lycus
est
epotus
hiatu
,
Existit
procul
hinc
,
alioque
renascitur
orbe
.
Sic
modo
combibitur
,
tecto
modò
gurgite
lapsus
Redditur
Argolicis
ingens
Erasinus
in
agris
.
Some
of
the
Greek
Writers
affirm
,
that
Alpheus
,
a
River
of
Achaia
,
is
drunk
up
by
a
wide
Hiatus
,
or
opening
of
the
ground
,
and
passes
in
its
hidden
Burrows
,
even
into
Sicily
,
and
ariseth
in
the
shoar
of
Syracuse
,
where
it
is
known
by
the
name
of
Arethusa
:
and
to
confirm
their
conjecture
,
they
say
that
every
fifth
year
Arethusa
in
Sicily
casts
up
dung
of
beasts
at
the
same
time
when
the
Olympick
Games
were
celebrated
in
Achaia
,
and
the
dung
and
offal
of
the
Sacrifices
thrown
into
Alpheus
.
After
the
same
manner
Guadiana
,
anciently
known
by
the
name
Anas
,
a
river
between
Portugal
and
that
part
of
Spain
called
Boetica
,
falls
into
a
subterraneous
passage
,
and
after
a
dark
and
dismal
journey
of
Thirty
two
Miles
,
breaks
forth
again
to
see
the
light
of
this
upper
World
.
Whence
the
Spaniards
boast
that
in
their
Kingdom
they
have
a
Bridge
upon
which
there
stand
stately
Woods
and
fair
Meadows
,
and
on
which
some
thousands
of
Cattle
are
fatted
.
But
we
need
not
search
into
remote
parts
of
the
World
,
when
our
own
Countrey
furnishes
us
with
diverse
of
these
Examples
,
to
shew
us
that
there
is
no
part
of
the
Earth
but
what
is
fistulous
and
bored
through
with
innumerable
Passages
divaricated
up
and
down
far
and
wide
.
The
Mole
,
a
small
Rivulet
in
Surry
,
falls
into
a
hollow
of
the
ground
not
far
from
Boxhill
(
so
called
from
the
great
number
of
Box-Trees
there
growing
)
and
rises
again
at
some
considerable
distance
.
Now
by
these
Rivers
throwing
themselves
into
a
Cave
or
opening
of
the
Earth
,
and
continuing
their
Course
,
some
of
them
at
least
,
for
many
Miles
,
and
then
shewing
themselves
again
,
we
are
sensibly
taught
that
the
Earth
is
not
one
solid
and
compacted
Mass
;
but
formed
into
many
subterraneous
Caverns
,
Pipes
and
hollow
Recesses
,
some
of
vast
dimensions
and
large
Capacities
,
which
besides
the
Water
that
may
be
supposed
in
some
to
be
stagnant
,
in
others
gliding
through
them
,
are
filled
with
Air
and
Vapours
,
and
copious
Exhalations
of
all
sorts
of
Mineral
Bodies
.
I
shall
now
conclude
this
Argument
with
the
story
of
the
Sicilian
Diver
mentioned
by
Kircher
,
l.
2
c
.
15.
of
his
Mundus
subterraneus
;
taken
out
of
the
Archives
of
Sicily
,
and
transmitted
to
him
by
the
Secretary
of
State
.
There
was
in
the
time
of
Frederick
King
of
Sicily
a
famous
Diver
,
who
through
continual
use
had
made
the
Waters
so
familiar
to
him
as
that
they
seemed
to
be
his
natural
Element
,
which
had
so
chang'd
his
Nature
and
Temper
,
that
he
seemed
more
like
an
Amphibious
Creature
than
a
Man
;
a
Cartilagineous
substance
like
the
foot
of
a
Goose
growing
between
his
Fingers
:
Hence
they
called
him
Piscecola
,
or
Nicholas
Fish
.
The
King
being
at
Messina
,
and
hearing
of
Nicholas
,
was
desirous
to
be
informed
of
the
Nature
of
Charybdis
,
of
which
he
had
been
told
such
wonderful
things
.
He
was
at
first
unwilling
to
undertake
so
dangerous
an
enterprise
:
but
the
King
causing
a
Golden
Plate
to
be
thrown
into
Charybdis
,
the
better
to
animate
Nicholas
,
promised
him
he
should
have
it
,
if
he
would
venture
to
fetch
it
out
.
Nicholas
for
the
love
of
the
Gold
quickly
accepted
of
the
condition
,
and
throws
himself
into
the
devouring
Gulf
,
where
,
after
three
quarters
of
an
hours
stay
,
he
was
by
the
violence
of
the
Water
cast
up
again
,
with
the
Golden
Plate
in
his
hand
.
So
soon
as
he
had
refreshed
himself
,
and
recovered
the
Fatigue
of
his
descent
,
he
was
brought
into
the
King's
presence
,
who
demanding
of
him
an
account
of
all
things
he
had
observed
in
the
Deep
,
the
Diver
returns
him
this
answer
,
That
he
had
now
executed
his
Majestie's
Commands
,
but
if
he
had
known
before
hand
what
he
should
have
met
withal
,
he
would
not
have
ventured
,
though
the
King
would
have
given
him
half
his
Dominion
.
The
King
asked
him
the
Reason
;
the
Diver
replyes
,
That
there
were
diverse
things
which
rendred
it
extremely
fearful
.
As
First
,
The
vehemence
and
force
of
a
River
boiling
out
of
the
wide
jaws
of
the
very
bottom
of
the
Sea
,
which
could
not
be
resisted
by
a
Man
though
of
the
greatest
strength
.
Secondly
,
The
multitude
of
Rocks
whose
Cavities
he
could
scarce
enter
without
a
manifest
danger
of
his
life
.
Thirdly
,
The
Whirlpools
,
and
violent
streams
of
subterraneous
Waters
encountring
one
another
from
the
inmost
bowels
of
the
Rocks
,
that
it
were
enough
to
make
a
man
dye
with
fear
.
Fourthly
,
The
vast
companies
of
Polypi
,
of
which
he
saw
one
whose
body
was
as
big
as
a
man
,
and
his
Cirri
ten
foot
long
,
with
which
had
he
been
encompassed
,
the
rude
embrace
would
even
have
scared
him
to
death
.
Besides
the
multitude
of
Dog-fish
,
equalling
the
bigness
of
Dolphins
,
which
have
their
Kennels
about
the
Rocks
,
and
armed
with
three
rows
of
Teeth
,
with
which
they
divide
their
Prey
with
greater
facility
than
any
Sword
could
cut
it
.
Being
asked
,
how
he
could
so
soon
find
the
Plate
,
he
answered
that
he
found
it
(
according
to
his
conjecture
)
in
the
Cavity
of
a
Rock
,
but
if
it
had
sunk
directly
to
the
bottom
,
it
had
been
impossible
ever
to
have
descended
in
such
violent
whirlings
,
and
tempestuous
regurgitations
of
subterraneous
Waters
.
3.
There
are
subterraneous
Cavities
of
another
Nature
,
and
more
remarkable
,
which
they
call
VOLCANO'S
or
fiery
Mountains
,
See
Dr.
Burnet's
Theory
of
the
Earth
,
l.
1.
c
.
9.
that
belch
out
Falmes
and
Smoke
and
Ashes
,
and
sometims
great
Stones
and
broken
Rocks
,
and
lumps
of
Earth
or
some
Metallick
mixture
;
and
throw
them
to
an
incredible
distance
by
the
force
of
the
Eruption
.
These
argue
great
vacuities
in
the
Bowels
of
the
Earth
,
and
Magazines
of
combustible
matter
treasured
up
in
them
.
And
as
the
exhalations
within
these
places
must
be
copious
,
so
they
must
lye
in
long
Mines
or
Trains
to
do
so
great
Execution
,
and
to
last
so
long
.
't
is
scarce
credible
what
is
reported
concerning
some
Eruptions
of
Vesuvius
and
Aetna
?
History
tells
us
that
some
Eruptions
of
Vesuvius
have
carried
Cinders
and
Ashes
as
far
as
Constantinople
:
Ammianus
Marcellinus
saith
,
That
they
were
so
affrighted
with
them
,
that
the
Emperor
left
the
City
,
and
that
there
was
a
day
observ'd
yearly
in
memorial
of
it
.
Aetna
is
of
greater
fame
and
fury
,
a
Chronicle
of
whose
more
remarkable
Eruptions
we
have
in
Kircher
his
Mundus
subterraneus
.
Mund
.
Subter
,
l.
4.
The
last
which
hapned
in
the
year
1669.
is
no
whit
inferiour
to
any
foregoing
,
the
melted
matter
which
the
Mountain
poured
forth
extending
in
breadth
six
miles
,
and
running
as
far
as
Catanea
,
foroing
it
's
passage
even
into
the
very
Sea
,
and
forming
a
convenient
Port
of
that
melted
Matter
.
It
is
excellently
well
described
by
the
Earl
of
Winchelsea
in
a
Letter
to
King
Charles
the
Second
,
afterwards
Printed
,
who
in
his
return
from
Constantinople
touched
at
Catanea
at
the
time
when
the
Mountain
flamed
.
There
is
no
quarter
of
the
World
destitute
of
these
flaming
VOLCANO'S
.
Asia
abounds
with
many
of
them
up
and
down
.
Africa
has
no
less
than
Eight
remarkable
Volcano's
,
besides
innumerable
Crater's
and
sulphureous
Grotto's
or
Caves
.
In
the
New
World
or
America
,
in
that
vast
Chain
of
Mountains
called
the
Andes
,
there
are
reported
to
be
no
less
than
Fifteen
;
some
of
which
by
the
great
quantities
of
sulphureous
Matter
which
they
contain
,
and
terrible
Eruptions
,
have
brought
unspeakable
Calamities
to
the
Kingdom
of
Chile
,
absorping
and
swallowing
up
whole
Cities
by
prodigious
Divulsions
of
the
Ground
,
and
over-turning
others
by
violent
Concussions
.
In
the
bowels
of
which
Mountains
there
are
Caves
or
Subterraneous
Receptacles
of
such
Extent
and
Capacity
as
to
equal
whole
Regions
:
in
which
are
likewise
the
Cataracts
of
mighty
Rivers
,
which
pour
their
Waters
with
such
a
horrible
noise
,
as
is
beyond
expression
.
So
that
Nature
here
seems
to
keep
house
underground
,
and
the
hollows
of
the
Mountains
to
be
the
funnels
or
Chimneys
,
by
which
the
smoke
and
fuliginous
matter
of
those
everlasting
Fires
ascends
.
And
lest
the
North
should
be
thought
condemned
to
the
inclemency
of
eternal
Cold
,
Nature
,
or
rather
the
Wise
Author
and
disposer
of
;
Nature
,
hath
placed
there
likewise
divers
VOLCANO'S
,
as
Hecla
in
Islandia
,
whose
top
though
covered
with
perpetual
Snow
,
yet
the
roots
flame
with
inextinguishable
Fire
,
belching
forth
out
of
its
Cavities
with
formidable
Thunders
,
such
vast
quantities
of
Stones
and
Ashes
,
as
render
all
the
circumjacent
ground
naked
and
barren
.
And
in
Greenland
nearer
to
the
very
Pole
,
there
is
said
to
be
a
VOLCANO
or
flaming
Mountain
;
at
the
foot
of
which
(
as
is
reported
by
Bartholomew
Zenet
,
the
King
of
Denmark's
chief
Admiral
,
who
by
I
know
not
what
chance
was
cast
upon
those
coasts
)
there
is
a
Monastery
of
Dominican
Friars
,
and
not
far
from
it
a
Flaming
Mountain
,
at
whose
foot
a
hot
Spring
breaks
forth
:
by
these
Waters
derived
in
pipes
,
not
only
all
the
Cells
of
the
Monks
are
heated
like
stoves
,
but
their
flesh
and
bread
is
baked
.
The
Mountain
belches
forth
a
sort
of
Pumice
stone
,
or
Tophus
,
with
which
the
whole
Monastery
is
built
;
for
the
Tophi
being
soaked
in
this
Water
,
stick
together
as
if
by
a
kind
of
Bitumen
.
Here
likewise
are
curious
Gardens
watered
with
this
boiling
Water
,
in
which
are
all
sorts
of
Flowers
and
Fruits
.
And
after
this
Water
hath
run
through
the
Gardens
,
it
falls
into
a
Bay
or
haven
hard
by
,
whereby
it
comes
to
pass
that
the
Water
there
is
never
Frozen
,
and
for
that
reason
frequented
by
innumerable
Fowls
and
Fish
,
which
abundantly
suffice
the
inhabitants
for
Food
.
The
like
Flammivomous
Mountains
are
observed
towards
the
Southern
Pole
.
To
shew
us
further
that
the
Earth
is
every
where
replenished
with
these
deep
and
dark
caverns
and
recesses
:
Dr.
Burnet's
Theory
of
the
Earth
,
l.
1.
c
.
9.
Miners
and
those
that
work
under
ground
,
meet
with
many
more
in
the
bowels
of
the
Earth
,
that
never
reach
to
the
top
of
it
.
Burrows
and
Chanels
,
and
Clefts
and
Caverns
that
never
had
the
comfort
of
one
beam
of
light
since
the
first
formation
of
the
Earth
.
And
where
we
think
the
ground
is
firm
and
solid
as
upon
Heaths
and
Downs
,
it
often
betrays
its
hollowness
by
sounding
under
the
Horses
feet
,
and
the
Chariot
wheels
that
pass
over
it
.
We
do
not
know
when
and
where
we
stand
upon
good
ground
,
if
it
was
examined
deep
enough
.
So
that
it
would
amaze
the
stoutest
heart
,
and
make
him
ready
to
dye
with
fear
,
if
he
could
see
into
the
subterraneous
World
,
and
view
the
dark
Recesses
and
Apartments
of
Nature
under
ground
;
and
behold
that
even
the
strongest
of
our
Pyles
of
building
,
whose
foundation
we
think
is
laid
firm
and
fast
,
yet
is
set
upon
an
Arch
or
Bridge
,
made
by
the
inclining
and
bending
of
the
parts
of
the
Earth
upon
one
another
,
over
an
immense
or
prodigious
Vault
,
at
the
bottom
of
which
lyes
an
unfathomable
Sea
,
and
its
upper
hollows
filled
with
stagnating
Air
,
and
with
the
exspirations
of
sulphureous
and
bituminous
Matter
.
Upon
such
a
dreadful
Abyss
it
is
that
we
walk
and
ride
and
sleep
,
and
are
sustained
only
by
an
Arched
Roof
not
of
equal
thickness
in
all
places
.
SECT
.
III
.
THIS
being
the
present
state
and
frame
of
the
Earth
,
it
follows
,
First
,
That
no
place
can
promise
it self
an
immunity
and
freedom
from
Earthquakes
,
because
there
is
no
Countrey
but
what
is
perforated
by
these
subterraneous
Hollows
and
Pipes
:
And
the
more
Cavernous
any
Region
is
,
the
more
obnoxious
to
Earthquakes
.
For
were
the
Earth
one
solid
and
entire
Mass
,
closely
compacted
together
,
there
could
never
have
been
naturally
any
such
dreadful
PHAENOMENON
as
an
Earthquake
.
For
,
whatever
is
the
Cause
of
Earthquakes
,
it
is
evident
,
that
it
passes
or
glides
along
through
the
subterraneous
Cavities
of
the
Earth
.
And
we
have
before
shewed
,
That
there
is
no
vast
tract
of
Land
,
or
quarter
of
the
World
,
but
abounds
with
VOLCANO'S
,
sulphureous
Crater's
,
and
AESTUARIES
,
from
which
by
greater
Cavities
branched
every
way
into
smaller
Pipes
,
the
subterraneous
Heat
is
carried
through
all
parts
of
the
World
.
As
in
the
structure
of
a
Humane
Body
,
there
is
not
the
least
part
but
is
furnished
with
capillary
Veins
,
which
convey
the
Blood
to
it
.
Secondly
,
Things
being
made
by
an
Infinite
Wisdom
,
there
may
be
diverse
ends
designed
by
that
Omnipotent
Architect
,
in
scattering
these
VOLCANO'S
up
and
down
the
Earth
;
among
which
this
seems
to
be
very
clear
and
visible
,
viz.
For
the
Vegetation
of
the
Earth
;
and
the
Production
of
all
sorts
of
Minerals
and
Fossils
,
which
without
this
subterraneous
Fire
dispersed
every
where
through
the
Veins
of
the
Earth
,
could
scarce
ever
have
been
effected
;
especially
in
the
colder
Climates
of
the
World
,
whatever
may
be
thought
to
be
done
in
the
Torrid
Zone
by
the
Action
of
the
Sun
,
and
in
those
places
which
are
more
immoderately
scorched
by
his
direct
beams
.
And
that
there
is
such
a
Vital
Heat
imparted
from
subterraneous
Fire
appears
,
in
that
Snow
falling
upon
the
Glebe
or
Turf
newly
turned
up
by
the
Plow
,
melts
and
dissolves
upon
it
,
till
the
coldness
of
the
Ambient
Air
cause
the
Agitation
of
its
Parts
to
cease
.
So
that
son
any
Reason
I
can
see
to
the
contrary
,
the
fertility
of
Northern
Countries
owes
it self
in
a
very
great
measure
to
the
subterraneous
Fires
dispersed
through
them
,
and
so
likewise
those
of
the
same
Latitude
in
the
opposite
Pole
.
And
further
,
as
none
of
the
least
ends
,
that
God
may
continue
and
keep
up
a
lively
sense
of
his
Being
and
Providence
,
by
letting
loose
these
raging
Fires
to
rend
and
tear
the
Earth
with
vast
Chasms
and
Divulsions
,
by
which
to
chastise
a
wicked
and
Atheistical
people
,
and
to
manifest
his
Power
over
not
only
the
upper
but
lower
Regions
.
For
such
is
the
exquisite
Art
of
Divine
Wisdom
in
the
contexture
of
the
Earth
,
that
one
and
the
same
Contrivance
shall
be
subservient
to
accommodate
to
various
Ends
and
Purposes
.
Virgil
seems
to
make
some
guesses
and
imperfect
Description
of
some
of
these
subterraneous
Regions
,
when
he
introduces
the
Nymph
CYRENE
opening
the
Waters
to
make
a
passage
for
her
Son
into
those
infernal
shades
,
Duc
age
,
duc
ad
nos
,
&c.
Come
lead
the
Youth
below
,
bring
him
to
me
,
The
Gods
are
pleas'd
our
Mansions
he
should
see
;
Streight
she
commands
the
floods
to
make
him
way
;
They
open
their
wide
bosom
,
and
obey
;
Sost
is
the
path
,
and
easie
is
his
tread
,
A
watry
Arch
bends
o're
his
dewy
head
;
And
as
he
goes
,
he
wonders
and
looks
round
,
To
see
this
new
found
Kingdom
under
ground
.
The
silent
Lakes
in
hollow
Caves
he
sees
,
And
on
their
banks
an
echoing
Grove
of
Trees
;
The
fall
of
Waters
'mongst
the
Rocks
below
,
He
hears
,
and
sees
the
Rivers
how
they
flow
;
All
the
great
Rivers
of
the
Earth
are
there
,
Prepar'd
as
in
a
womb
by
Nature's
care
.
Last
,
to
his
Mothers
bed-chamber
he
's
brought
.
Where
the
high
roof
with
Pumice
stone
is
wrought
.
And
if
we
could
open
a
way
into
the
inner
Region
of
the
Earth
,
and
could
be
admitted
to
a
view
or
prospect
of
the
subterraneous
World
,
we
should
behold
with
wonder
and
amazement
the
various
Apartments
and
concamerations
of
Nature
;
here
immense
Caves
arched
over
with
suspended
Rocks
,
and
filled
with
exhalations
of
all
sorts
of
Minerals
,
and
there
the
Orifices
of
lesser
Ducts
and
Canals
,
opening
themselves
into
the
eternal
Treasuries
of
sulphureous
Smoke
and
Fire
.
Nat.
Ques
.
l.
3.
c
.
16.
Which
Seneca
long
since
took
notice
of
,
The
Laws
of
Nature
(
says
he
)
under-ground
,
are
less
known
indeed
to
us
,
but
not
less
certain
.
Whatever
you
see
above
,
believe
the
same
to
be
beneath
:
For
there
are
huge
Dens
,
immense
Recesses
and
large
Spaces
,
and
the
Mountains
standing
upon
an
Arch
of
Rocks
;
here
vast
Gapings
and
broken
hollows
stretching
infinitely
,
which
have
often
been
the
Graves
to
receive
and
bury
whole
Cities
that
have
sunk
into
them
.
SECT
.
IV
.
IT
remains
now
that
we
consider
the
most
immediate
material
Causes
of
Earthquakes
.
And
here
I
shall
not
think
it
worth
the
while
,
to
discourse
of
the
several
kinds
which
Metereologists
make
of
Earthquakes
,
which
the
Reader
may
find
in
Libertus
Fromondus
his
Meteors
.
L.
4.
C.
7.
Art.
2.
Since
they
only
differ
gradually
,
and
according
to
the
greater
or
lesser
force
or
activity
of
prepared
Matter
,
they
either
shake
the
Earth
,
or
else
break
through
and
rend
it
with
formidable
Divulsions
.
I
say
therefore
that
Earthquakes
are
the
effects
of
subterraneous
Fires
:
For
we
must
conceive
the
Earth
not
to
be
a
Homogeneous
,
but
a
Heterogeneous
Mass
throughout
its
whole
substance
,
and
here
to
be
impregnated
with
a
sulphureous
Matter
;
there
with
Nitrous
,
Aluminous
,
Vitriolate
,
or
Mercurial
;
here
to
abound
with
a
Bituminous
substance
,
and
there
with
Oker
and
Chalks
;
for
these
Exhalations
being
raised
and
excited
from
the
inmost
bowels
of
the
Earth
by
the
Action
of
a
subterraneous
Heat
,
diffuse
themselves
through
the
Pores
and
Fibres
of
the
ground
,
and
impregnate
it
with
such
qualities
as
themselves
consist
of
.
The
force
of
Cannons
and
subteraneous
Mines
used
in
the
sieges
of
Cities
,
loaden
with
Gunpowder
,
is
strange
and
wonderful
,
there
being
nothing
so
firm
,
solid
,
and
well
compacted
,
that
will
not
in
a
moment
be
thrown
down
and
broken
in
pieces
;
all
which
terrible
Ravages
and
Devastations
are
the
effects
of
a
certain
kind
of
Dust
made
of
Nitre
,
Sulphur
and
Coals
.
Now
if
an
artificial
Powder
have
such
and
irresistible
force
and
violence
,
how
much
greater
will
the
strength
of
that
combustible
Matter
be
,
which
arises
from
Sulphur
,
Nitre
,
S●l
Ammoniack
,
Bitumen
,
Gold
,
Copper
,
Iron
,
Arsuick
,
Mercury
,
and
such
other
Mineral
and
Metallick
Spirits
,
with
which
the
bosome
of
the
Earth
is
copiously
furnished
and
replenished
.
When
therefore
the
subterraneous
Fire
breaking
its
Prison
in
the
bowels
of
a
Mountain
,
forces
it self
into
those
hollow
Vaults
that
are
filled
and
stored
with
all
sorts
of
cumbustible
Matter
,
it
raises
an
immense
quantity
of
Exhalations
,
which
suddenly
taking
fire
,
diffuse
themselves
far
and
wide
through
the
Pipes
and
Cavities
of
the
Earth
,
and
according
to
their
copiousness
,
and
the
more
or
less
firmness
of
the
superincumbent
Earth
,
do
either
cause
Tremblings
and
Concussions
,
or
violent
Eruptions
,
subversions
of
Cities
,
wide
and
deep
Gulfs
,
sometimes
swallowing
the
Ground
,
and
leaving
a
Lake
in
it
;
stead
;
and
at
other
times
thrusting
up
the
Earth
from
beneath
,
and
forming
a
new
Mountain
,
and
all
those
other
terrible
effects
which
History
records
of
Earthquakes
.
And
that
there
are
in
rerum
Naturâ
such
mineral
Substances
,
whose
union
is
of
sufficient
force
to
produce
whatever
we
find
recorded
of
Earthquakes
appears
,
in
that
if
you
make
a
Composition
of
Gold
dissolved
by
Aqua
Regia
,
Sal
Ammoniack
,
and
Oil
of
Tartar
precipitate
,
and
set
it
on
fire
,
it
will
with
a
horrible
crack
strike
through
whatever
is
near
,
and
makes
any
resistance
,
though
it
were
a
plate
of
Iron
.
Hence
it
will
not
be
difficult
to
give
a
Solution
of
those
stupendious
effects
of
Earthquakes
,
as
1.
What
the
reason
is
of
those
Thunderings
under
ground
,
and
that
dull
murmur
which
usually
precedes
the
Earthquake
.
2.
How
an
Earthquake
may
sensibly
be
felt
in
divers
Countries
some
hundreds
of
Miles
distant
from
one
another
,
at
one
and
the
same
time
,
or
with
a
very
small
difference
.
3.
How
Cities
and
whole
Regions
may
be
absorped
and
swallowed
up
.
4.
Why
there
is
for
the
most
part
an
eruption
of
Waters
where
the
Ground
subsides
and
sinks
down
.
5.
How
new
Islands
may
be
generated
in
the
midst
of
the
Sea
by
the
force
of
Earthquakes
.
For
the
first
of
these
,
What
the
cause
should
be
of
those
Bellowings
,
Thunderings
,
and
hoarse
Murmurs
,
in
the
bowels
of
a
Flammivomous
Mountain
,
which
are
commonly
heard
before
its
Eruption
,
as
if
Nature
had
commenced
a
War
between
two
potent
Enemies
under
ground
.
It
was
before
observed
out
of
Seneca
,
Crede
infra
,
quicquid
supra
vides
:
Whatever
you
see
above
,
believe
the
same
to
be
acted
beneath
in
the
subterraneous
Regions
.
And
it
is
apparent
,
that
the
most
fierce
Aereal
Meteors
,
such
as
Thunder
and
Lightning
,
and
Whirl
winds
,
have
their
original
from
Mineral
Exhalations
elevated
from
their
dark
beds
beneath
in
the
Earth
,
into
the
upper
Regions
by
the
action
of
the
Sun
,
and
the
heat
of
the
subterraneous
Fire
.
Those
dark
Vaults
,
and
immense
Caverns
under
ground
,
seem
the
proper
Kingdom
wherein
these
Meteors
discover
their
utmost
fierceness
,
and
rage
the
most
horribly
:
Now
wherever
there
is
a
concurrence
of
the
same
causes
,
there
of
necessity
the
same
effects
must
be
produced
.
And
since
Naturalists
do
generally
resolve
the
causes
of
prodigious
Thunders
in
the
Air
to
some
Effluvia
,
Halitus
,
or
Exhalations
out
of
the
Earth
,
(
which
is
evident
in
that
hot
Regions
which
abound
much
with
sulphureous
and
other
mineral
Glebe
,
are
most
obnoxious
to
these
formidable
and
destructive
Phaenomena
,
)
it
naturally
follows
,
that
those
capacious
subterraneous
Dens
which
seem
to
equal
whole
Regions
,
and
are
closely
confert
and
crouded
with
all
sorts
of
Mineral
Exhalations
,
these
Meteors
should
most
of
all
domineer
.
And
from
the
accension
or
firing
of
these
Exhalations
arise
those
dreadful
Cracks
and
Thunders
,
which
are
usually
heard
before
the
eruption
of
a
burning
Mountain
.
That
ingenious
Philosopher
Des
Cartes
seems
to
resolve
the
roaring
and
bellowing
of
Thunder
to
the
fall
of
one
Cloud
upon
another
,
as
Snow
rolling
in
vast
quantities
from
the
top
of
the
Alps
to
the
Valleys
beneath
,
imitates
,
saith
he
,
the
like
sound
or
noise
:
But
as
Dr.
More
observes
,
Enchirid
.
Met
.
p.
1.
c
.
23.
this
instance
is
not
well
suited
to
the
present
occasion
:
For
a
snowy
Cloud
is
not
near
the
consistency
,
ponderosity
,
and
firmness
of
those
Moles
of
Snow
upon
the
Alps
,
much
less
does
that
lower
Cloud
upon
which
the
higher
is
supposed
to
fall
,
equal
the
solidity
of
the
Earth
.
To
say
nothing
of
the
cavity
and
hollowness
of
these
Valleys
,
which
much
increases
the
sound
.
Moreover
,
as
he
further
notes
some
Thunders
are
so
vehemently
sonorous
and
acute
,
that
it
is
impossible
but
it
should
drive
the
lower
Cloud
along
with
it
to
the
Earth
,
the
vehemency
of
the
sound
clearly
arguing
the
forcibleness
and
swiftness
of
the
Motion
.
It
were
more
consonant
therefore
to
Experience
and
Observation
,
to
resolve
that
hideous
noise
of
Thunder
into
the
violent
discission
and
rending
of
the
Air
by
the
enkindled
Particles
;
as
we
see
a
small
quantity
of
Aurum
Fulminans
set
on
sire
upon
the
point
of
a
Knife
,
give
such
a
dreadful
crack
as
is
scarce
to
be
endured
.
To
this
purpose
I
remember
Mr.
Boil
,
somewhere
in
his
History
of
Cold
,
relates
a
story
something
to
this
purpose
;
That
the
Miners
in
Hungary
having
dug
to
a
vast
depth
in
the
Earth
,
are
sometimes
sensible
of
an
Exhalation
,
that
catching
fire
at
their
Lights
,
singes
their
Hair
and
Faces
;
and
therefore
at
the
first
approach
of
it
they
fall
flat
to
the
ground
;
but
this
Exhalation
no
sooner
comes
to
the
mouth
of
the
Pit
,
at
the
open
Air
,
but
it
causes
a
noise
or
sound
equal
to
that
in
the
discharge
of
a
Cannon
.
From
hence
it
is
manifest
,
That
there
may
be
more
direful
and
terrible
Thunders
,
according
to
the
diversity
of
Exhalations
,
in
the
subterraneous
Vaults
,
than
ever
have
been
taken
notice
of
in
the
Aereal
Regions
:
And
that
those
hollow
and
dull
murmurs
at
the
foot
of
a
slaming
Mountain
,
owe
their
original
to
the
vehement
conslict
of
these
enkindled
Exhalations
with
the
Air
,
and
are
the
fore-runners
of
that
lamentable
Tragedy
that
usually
ensues
and
follows
.
To
the
Second
,
How
an
Earthquake
may
sensibly
be
felt
in
divers
Countries
at
some
hundreds
of
Miles
distance
from
one
another
,
at
one
and
the
same
time
,
or
with
a
small
difference
;
I
answer
,
That
it
hath
been
before
shown
that
the
Earth
is
perforated
throughout
with
innumerable
Burrows
and
Cavities
,
and
that
there
is
a
subterraneous
passage
or
in-let
from
one
to
another
,
and
that
there
is
no
Country
but
hath
some
of
these
Branches
which
communicate
with
greater
and
more
capacious
Caves
and
Dens
;
now
whereever
an
Earthquake
begins
,
there
it
is
probable
there
is
an
infernal
Pyrophylacium
,
or
Treasury
of
Fire
,
either
under
or
near
it
,
by
which
means
,
or
by
a
mingling
together
among
themselves
,
the
Exhalations
being
once
set
on
fire
,
in
a
moment
they
diffuse
and
spread
themselves
like
a
train
of
Gunpowder
,
for
there
being
fitly
prepared
Matter
in
all
these
Pipes
and
Cavities
,
which
being
all
in
an
instant
set
on
fire
,
it
is
no
wonder
if
it
be
felt
,
though
at
a
vast
distance
from
the
place
where
it
first
began
,
these
Spirits
being
in
their
passage
as
quick
as
Lightning
.
And
in
those
places
where
the
concussion
is
more
violent
,
it
is
very
rational
to
suppose
some
of
these
Cavities
underneath
;
but
where
the
Earth
is
more
hard
and
solid
,
it
may
so
happen
,
that
by
battering
the
Arch
of
some
subterraneous
Dens
,
by
the
extreme
violence
of
these
enkindled
Exhalations
,
it
may
make
even
a
whole
Region
shake
and
tremble
,
by
reason
of
the
continuity
of
its
parts
.
From
hence
a
probable
account
may
be
given
of
the
running
of
an
Earthquake
to
a
hundred
and
threescore
,
nay
three
hundred
Leagues
,
as
Josephus
Acosta
informs
us
.
And
't
is
reported
that
under
the
Reign
of
Valentinian
,
almost
the
whole
World
was
shook
by
an
Earthquake
;
which
could
not
well
be
felt
in
all
places
at
the
same
time
,
unless
either
the
Concavity
be
continuous
,
or
there
be
a
Communication
from
one
to
another
through
smaller
and
narrower
Pipes
;
for
so
one
will
receive
the
flame
and
force
from
another
.
Moreover
the
depth
of
the
Cavern
may
cause
that
the
same
Igneous
Spirit
at
one
stroke
may
force
a
vast
portion
of
the
superficies
of
the
Earth
to
tremble
.
For
since
the
lines
drawn
from
the
Circumference
to
the
Center
of
the
Earth
,
are
not
parallel
,
but
come
nearer
together
,
the
deeper
they
descend
;
it
is
necessary
that
the
portion
of
Earth
intercepted
between
two
lines
should
be
gradually
straitned
like
a
wedge
,
and
broadest
at
the
superficies
of
the
Earth
:
whence
a
Cavern
whose
latitude
does
not
exceed
a
quarter
of
a
Mile
,
so
that
it
be
not
far
from
the
Center
or
lowest
Region
,
may
sustain
all
Europe
.
But
the
force
and
Energy
of
the
exhalations
included
within
such
a
space
,
must
be
incredible
to
move
and
shake
so
great
a
Mole
of
Earth
.
Therefore
if
it
should
so
happen
that
all
Europe
(
for
example
)
should
be
shaken
,
it
is
easie
to
imagine
that
the
fiery
Exhalations
are
disposed
not
in
one
but
in
divers
Caverns
,
and
shake
the
several
parts
of
the
Earth
,
not
by
one
but
many
strokes
,
the
Flame
passing
through
Chinks
and
Clefts
from
one
subterraneous
Burrow
to
another
.
From
the
foregoing
Principles
,
it
will
not
be
difficult
to
give
a
solution
to
the
third
proposed
Question
,
viz.
How
Cities
and
whole
Regions
may
be
absorped
and
swallowed
up
?
We
have
taken
notice
afore
,
that
Earthquakes
are
the
effects
of
enkindled
Exhalations
,
which
consist
not
only
of
sulphureous
and
bituminous
Spirits
,
but
of
Pit-Coals
,
Alom
,
Nitre
,
Antimony
,
Vitriol
,
Mercury
,
and
the
Halitus
of
all
manner
of
Minerals
,
Fossils
and
Metals
,
which
Nature
extracts
and
mixes
in
those
infernal
Vaults
by
a
subtler
sort
of
Chymistry
,
than
Art
can
reach
to
the
Imitation
of
.
Now
when
a
City
or
Region
shall
stand
upon
a
Vault
replenished
with
this
combustible
matter
,
according
to
the
profundity
of
the
Cavity
,
and
solidity
of
the
incumbent
Earth
,
these
fiery
Exhalations
may
not
blow
up
all
immediately
into
the
Air
,
but
by
their
sudden
Impetus
or
jolting
,
loosen
or
disjoyn
a
part
or
portion
of
ground
from
the
rest
,
which
then
by
its
own
weight
will
subside
and
sink
;
of
which
Ravages
and
Devastations
we
have
many
examples
.
Those
two
famous
Cities
of
Achaia
,
Helice
and
Buris
,
are
said
to
be
thus
absorped
and
swallowed
up
by
an
Earthquake
;
which
Ovid
takes
notice
of
,
Met
.
15.
Si
quaeris
Helicen
&
Burin
Achaidos
urbes
,
Invenies
sub
aquis
&
adhuc
ostendere
nautae
Inclinata
solent
cum
moenibus
oppida
mersis
.
And
if
it
be
true
that
Helice
was
thirteen
furlongs
,
and
Buris
forty
,
distant
from
the
Sea
(
as
Fromondus
relates
)
there
was
likewise
a
great
quantity
of
Land
that
sunk
together
with
those
Cities
.
And
Kircher
tells
us
in
his
Description
of
that
dismal
Earthquake
,
which
beginning
at
Strombalo
in
the
year
1638.
made
such
a
miserable
havock
in
Calabria
,
that
when
he
and
his
Companions
were
risen
from
the
ground
upon
which
they
were
not
able
to
stand
for
the
violent
concussion
and
subsultation
of
the
Earth
,
and
casting
their
eyes
upon
the
circumjacent
places
,
they
saw
the
Town
of
Euphemia
covered
with
a
mighty
Mist
;
which
being
dissipated
,
instead
of
the
Town
they
found
a
stinking
Lake
in
its
place
.
And
after
the
same
manner
that
famous
Land
of
Plato's
called
Atlantis
,
which
the
Egyptian
Priests
told
Solon
the
Athenian
,
was
bigger
than
Asia
and
Africa
,
by
an
Earthquake
of
a
nights
continuance
sunk
into
the
Abyss
,
the
Atlantick
Ocean
coming
in
its
place
,
and
nothing
remaining
of
that
terrible
shipwreck
,
but
the
Azores
,
and
some
few
Islands
scattered
up
and
down
in
that
Ocean
:
as
Fromondus
speaks
;
Meteo
l.
4.
c
.
9.
Art.
7.
By
which
it
seems
there
was
some
Tradition
among
the
Aegyptians
of
the
separation
of
America
from
our
World
.
L.
1.
c
.
18.
propos
.
17.
Varenius
in
his
Geography
thinks
it
at
least
probable
that
the
Northern
part
of
America
,
i.e.
New
France
,
New
England
,
Canada
,
&c.
were
once
joyned
to
Ireland
,
and
that
this
separation
might
be
caused
by
an
Earthquake
.
Thus
England
might
be
torn
from
France
,
Spain
from
Africa
,
and
Sicily
from
Italy
,
the
intermediate
Earth
sinking
,
and
the
Sea
coming
in
its
stead
.
We
come
now
to
the
Resolution
of
the
Fourth
Question
,
Why
there
is
for
the
most
part
an
eruption
of
Waters
where
the
ground
subsides
and
sinks
down
?
To
this
end
we
may
consider
that
there
are
Hydrophylacia
,
i.e.
Repositories
or
Treasuries
of
subterraneous
Waters
,
as
well
as
subterraneous
Fires
,
of
different
magnitudes
and
capacities
,
which
have
likewise
their
lesser
Pipes
and
hollow
Branches
,
through
which
the
Waters
are
distributed
and
dispersed
up
and
down
;
and
some
of
these
Caves
may
be
of
that
depth
as
to
reach
to
the
vast
watry
Abyss
beneath
.
Now
when
by
the
force
of
those
furiously
agitated
Exhalations
a
portion
of
Earth
shall
be
loosened
from
its
continuity
with
the
rest
,
and
sink
and
fall
down
into
one
of
these
Repositories
,
the
suddenness
of
the
descent
of
such
a
mighty
Moles
or
quantity
of
Earth
,
must
forcibly
drive
up
the
Waters
like
a
Flood
or
Torrent
to
the
surface
of
the
ground
,
through
that
wide
Gulf
left
by
the
descending
Earth
:
As
was
experienced
in
that
terrible
Earthquake
in
Jamaica
,
when
a
part
of
the
Town
of
Port-Royal
sinking
,
a
Flood
of
Water
immediately
gushed
out
.
It
were
endless
to
bring
the
several
instances
of
this
Nature
,
and
therefore
I
shall
pass
to
the
last
Question
,
How
new
Islands
may
be
generated
in
the
midst
of
the
Sea
by
the
force
of
Earthquakes
?
Of
this
nature
many
examples
are
related
in
History
;
L.
2
,
C.
87
,
33.
Pliny
in
his
Natural
History
making
mention
of
Delos
and
Rhodes
,
Anephe
,
Nea
,
Ajone
,
and
among
the
Cyclades
,
Thera
,
and
Therasia
,
and
Thia
,
which
he
says
first
saw
the
light
of
this
upper
World
in
his
time
,
Junius
Syllanus
,
and
L.
Balbus
being
Consuls
,
hath
these
words
;
Nascuntur
&
alio
modo
Terrae
,
ac
repente
in
aliquo
Mari
emergunt
,
veluti
paria
secum
faciente
Naturà
,
quaeque
hauserit
hiatus
,
al●o
loco
reddente
,
i.e.
Some
Lands
are
otherwise
generated
,
and
of
a
sudden
arise
out
of
the
Sea
;
as
if
Nature
intended
to
keep
an
equality
with
it self
,
and
return
as
much
a
new
in
one
place
,
as
was
swallowed
up
and
absorped
by
a
gaping
Gulf
in
another
.
Of
Therasia
,
Seneca
witnesses
,
That
it
was
thrust
from
the
bottom
of
the
Sea
,
in
his
time
,
by
the
force
of
subterraneous
Fires
,
Therasiam
nostrae
aetatis
Insulam
,
spectantibus
Nautis
,
in
Aegeo
Mari
enatam
,
quis
dubitat
,
quin
in
lucem
spiritus
vexerit
?
Now
in
the
formation
of
a
New
Island
,
these
Exhalations
move
much
after
the
manner
of
a
Mole
heaving
and
casting
up
the
ground
;
thus
in
one
nights
space
a
New
Mountain
thrust
up
its
head
a
Mile
high
,
out
of
the
Sea
near
Puteoli
,
by
the
force
of
these
Spirits
,
which
were
enkindled
in
a
subterraneous
Vault
;
which
therefore
was
called
by
the
name
of
the
New
Mountain
.
I
have
dispatch'd
now
what
I
thought
the
most
considerable
upon
this
Subject
,
there
being
scarce
any
Problem
can
be
started
concerning
Earthquakes
,
but
what
by
an
attentive
consideration
of
the
foregoing
Discourse
,
may
receive
an
easie
solution
.
And
if
any
one
shall
think
that
these
Phaenomena
being
terrible
and
rare
,
that
therefore
they
must
needs
signifie
and
prognosticate
strange
things
;
I
must
tell
him
,
That
as
I
am
not
at
all
inclinable
to
Astrological
Vanities
:
so
I
think
that
an
Earthquake
may
happen
as
well
as
many
a
blazing
Star
,
without
any
ominous
or
direful
Presages
.
But
if
any
thing
can
be
collected
from
the
late
Earthquake
with
us
,
it
is
this
,
That
as
we
had
a
long
calm
and
serenity
of
Weather
after
it
;
so
a
lasting
Peace
and
Tranquillity
will
be
setled
in
the
World
,
by
the
Conduct
and
Victorious
Arms
of
KING
WILLIAM
,
Whom
God
long
preserve
.
FINIS
.