Sir
Walter
Roberts
HIS
ANSWER
TO
Mr.
FORDS
Book
Entituled
A
Designe
for
bringing
a
Navigable
River
from
Rickmansworth
in
Hartfordshire
,
to
S.
Giles
in
the
Fields
.
THe
Kings
most
excellent
Majesty
,
Mr.
Ford
.
taking
into
his
princely
consideration
,
the
great
incoveniences
that
his
loving
Subjects
about
London
,
and
Westminster
,
did
suffer
for
want
of
water
,
put
a
Bill
in
Parliament
for
the
bringing
of
water
from
Rickmansworth
.
His
Majesty
beares
the
name
of
this
Bill
,
but
Master
Ford
the
charge
,
as
he
confessed
to
a
Gentleman
of
quality
,
to
whom
he
said
not
long
since
,
that
this
businesse
had
cost
him
an
hundred
pounds
,
and
the
very
Bill
twenty
four
pounds
,
which
is
more
(
I
beleeve
)
than
ever
he
will
get
by
it
:
and
in
the
Bill
there
are
some
things
affirmed
,
which
his
Majesty
disavowes
,
and
knowes
to
be
otherwise
;
and
certainly
Master
Ford
was
not
well
advised
to
prefer
a
Bill
in
his
Majesties
name
,
and
to
alledge
any
thing
in
it
,
which
his
Majesty
did
not
know
,
or
beleeve
to
be
true
,
and
which
he
himselfe
could
not
prove
,
nor
make
good
;
and
if
some
man
had
done
this
,
it
would
have
been
accounted
a
great
offence
,
and
taken
for
no
lesse
than
crimen
laesae
Majestatis
.
For
to
make
the
King
publikely
in
Parliament
speak
any
thing
in
a
Bill
,
which
is
not
true
,
is
an
high
dishonour
to
his
Majesty
,
and
such
as
deserves
an
high
censure
.
And
this
Master
Ford
hath
done
who
in
that
Bill
hath
made
his
Majesty
contradict
himselfe
and
the
Great
Seal
of
England
,
and
deny
many
things
concerning
the
Springs
at
Linch-mill
,
and
the
feacibility
and
benefit
of
the
close
Aqueduct
,
which
he
had
before
affirmed
in
severall
Patents
and
Grants
concerning
the
same
,
and
to
affirme
some
other
which
were
to
Master
Fords
knowledge
disproved
by
depositions
of
witnesses
,
and
Records
of
Courts
which
he
had
seen
.
Another
great
errour
Master
Ford
hath
committed
,
in
his
little
book
.
In
the
first
and
second
pages
whereof
,
he
makes
his
Majesty
the
authour
of
the
lesse
designe
,
(
to
bring
water
to
the
City
)
and
himselfe
of
the
greater
,
to
make
a
Navigable
River
)
but
this
slip
may
in
some
measure
be
excused
,
That
his
Majesties
designe
is
feacible
,
and
Master
Fords
is
not
.
I
could
charge
him
with
another
over-sight
as
great
as
any
of
these
,
That
he
did
not
foresee
the
great
benefit
that
this
new
Navigation
would
be
to
the
City
and
Countrey
before
this
Bill
was
preferred
,
and
advise
his
Majesty
to
prefer
his
Bill
for
this
worke
,
rather
than
that
,
since
he
(
as
appeares
by
his
book
)
was
to
be
the
undertaker
of
both
,
and
now
preferres
this
as
the
better
worke
:
but
I
will
not
overcharge
him
,
nor
stay
longer
upon
the
Preface
(
the
porch
of
his
book
,
)
but
will
now
enter
and
survey
the
building
;
(
The
reasons
which
he
brings
to
shew
the
benefit
of
his
Navigable
River
)
which
are
eleven
in
number
;
and
I
might
answer
them
all
in
one
word
;
by
saying
(
as
I
may
very
truly
,
)
that
out
of
them
all
,
there
cannot
be
collected
one
good
argument
to
prove
,
that
this
worke
if
it
were
done
,
would
be
any
benefit
to
City
or
Countrey
,
but
for
his
and
others
satisfaction
,
I
will
make
a
particular
answer
to
them
all
.
And
first
,
to
the
first
,
I
answer
:
That
to
set
great
multitudes
of
labourers
on
worke
,
is
not
simply
good
in
it selfe
,
but
quite
contrary
,
unlesse
the
worke
which
they
are
imployed
in
be
good
for
the
Common-wealth
,
which
this
is
not
,
as
appeares
by
the
complaint
of
the
Countrey
against
it
,
and
not
of
ordinary
men
onely
,
but
of
the
principall
Lords
and
Gentlemen
of
the
County
.
To
the
second
I
answer
,
That
Hartfordshire
,
Buckinghamshire
,
and
Middlesex
,
want
not
vent
for
their
Corne
,
Meale
,
or
other
commodities
,
but
do
buy
and
sell
them
as
cheape
as
other
Counties
do
,
and
therefore
they
need
no
navigable
River
for
this
purpose
.
His
argument
doth
onely
concerne
that
part
of
Hartfordshire
,
which
would
border
upon
his
new
River
,
if
it
should
be
made
,
and
they
do
most
of
all
oppose
his
worke
,
and
therefore
certainly
they
conceive
it
will
be
noxious
,
not
commodious
to
them
.
And
if
it
be
not
good
for
them
,
it
cannot
be
good
for
any
,
since
other
places
may
have
chalke
,
manure
,
and
other
commodities
as
well
and
as
cheape
from
other
Counties
,
as
from
Hartfordshire
,
and
then
what
benefit
will
this
navigable
River
be
to
them
?
To
the
fourth
I
answer
,
That
the
River
of
Thames
is
bigge
enough
to
carry
away
all
the
soil
that
is
made
in
or
near
London
or
Westminster
,
and
lies
farmore
conveniently
for
it
,
than
his
new
River
will
do
,
and
there
is
land
enough
bordering
upon
this
River
to
receive
it
all
,
if
it
were
ten
times
as
much
,
without
making
a
new
River
,
to
carry
it
into
Hartfordshire
.
5.
To
the
fifth
I
answer
,
That
fewell
and
other
commodities
,
are
as
cheape
in
Hartfordshire
as
in
other
Counties
,
neither
could
this
new
River
,
if
it
were
made
,
make
them
cheaper
.
To
the
sixth
I
answer
,
That
Hartfordshire
is
not
so
hot
a
Clymate
,
or
the
Cattell
there
of
so
calid
a
constitution
,
but
that
lesse
water
than
a
Navigable
River
may
satisfie
their
thirst
.
To
the
seventh
I
answer
,
That
Master
Ford
is
much
mistaken
in
thinking
that
carriage
doth
spoil
highwayes
,
for
we
finde
by
experience
,
that
the
greatest
Roades
are
alwayes
the
best
,
and
blinde
lanes
the
worst
wayes
:
The
Reason
whereof
is
,
because
much
carriage
and
travelling
upon
them
,
makes
them
even
and
smoothe
,
and
the
want
of
this
makes
the
other
uneven
and
rugged
,
neither
doth
carriage
ever
hurt
high-wayes
,
but
in
ill
weather
,
carriage
being
the
onely
meanes
we
have
to
mend
them
,
by
bringing
gravell
and
other
amendment
for
them
.
To
the
eighth
I
answer
,
That
the
Cities
of
London
and
Westminster
may
perhaps
(
if
his
worke
be
done
)
have
the
Ornament
of
a
great
new
Ditch
,
but
not
of
a
Navigable
River
,
it
being
impossible
to
make
a
Navigable
River
to
S.
Giles
in
the
Fields
,
with
any
reasonable
charge
.
There
being
so
many
great
hils
and
valleys
between
Rickmansworth
and
it
,
and
the
ground
of
Saint
Giles
being
above
60.
foot
higher
than
the
natural
course
of
that
River
at
Westminster
.
9.
To
the
ninth
I
answer
,
that
certainly
other
Counties
which
border
upon
the
River
of
Thames
and
the
River
of
Lee
,
may
serve
and
supply
London
and
Westminster
,
and
other
places
adjoyning
,
with
Corne
and
other
commodities
as
cheape
as
hartfordshire
,
if
this
new
River
were
made
,
and
therefore
the
making
of
it
can
no
way
advantage
them
.
To
the
tenth
I
make
the
same
answer
,
which
I
did
to
the
fourth
,
it
being
the
same
in
substance
contracted
into
fewer
words
.
That
the
River
of
Thames
will
carry
away
the
doung
and
soil
of
this
City
better
and
cheaper
than
his
new
River
,
for
it
will
go
all
the
way
downe
hill
to
Thames
,
but
must
go
up
hill
to
S.
Giles
.
Besides
some
parts
of
the
City
lie
above
two
miles
from
S.
Giles
in
the
Field
,
whereas
no
part
of
it
lies
above
halfe
a
mile
from
the
Thomes
.
To
the
eleventh
I
answer
,
That
those
places
in
or
near
London
,
which
want
water
,
shall
be
better
supplied
,
by
the
Aqueduct
undertaken
by
Sir
Walter
Roberts
and
others
,
than
they
can
be
by
his
worke
;
who
may
perhaps
bring
more
water
than
Middleton
hath
done
,
but
cannot
bring
better
in
an
open
River
;
but
by
the
close
Aqueduct
from
Hodsdon
all
those
places
in
or
about
London
and
Westminster
which
want
water
,
shall
be
plentifully
supplied
with
pure
and
clear
spring-water
fit
for
any
use
,
which
Master
Fords
being
brought
open
cannot
be
.
And
whereas
he
affirmeth
,
that
the
water
of
his
Navigable
River
shall
be
such
as
shall
be
alwayes
clear
,
and
fit
for
all
uses
;
I
wonder
at
his
confidence
,
and
cannot
imagine
that
any
understanding
man
can
beleeve
it
,
that
is
not
a
Catholique
,
and
led
by
an
implicite
faith
;
there
being
no
Navigable
River
in
the
world
that
is
alwayes
clear
,
but
will
be
foul
and
muddy
in
floods
and
great
rain
;
when
land
waters
and
washings
of
streets
and
highwayes
fall
into
it
;
neither
can
any
art
or
artificiall
conveyance
keep
these
out
,
unlesse
M.
Ford
can
make
such
a
case
for
his
new
River
,
that
no
water
at
all
shall
come
into
it
in
flouds
,
which
he
may
do
by
making
it
onely
in
Paper
,
as
he
hath
done
,
and
that
in
my
opinion
will
be
his
best
way
,
for
this
Navigation
(
I
mean
his
book
)
will
hurt
no
body
but
the
Printer
;
the
other
will
hurt
many
,
and
be
good
for
none
.
And
thus
having
answered
the
reasons
which
he
hath
brought
to
shew
the
benefit
of
his
new
Navigation
,
I
come
now
to
answer
those
allegations
,
which
he
offers
to
remove
the
objections
made
against
it
by
the
Countrey
,
which
as
he
saith
in
his
book
,
are
these
five
.
1.
The
depriving
them
of
their
fish
.
2.
The
hindering
their
winter
land-flouds
,
which
enrich
their
meadowes
,
and
bring
downe
a
fat
soil
called
Moor-earth
,
of
which
they
make
great
advantage
.
3.
The
taking
away
their
fences
made
by
the
River
.
4.
The
spoiling
of
their
corne-mils
,
and
consequently
their
Markets
,
which
consist
much
of
Meale
.
5.
And
of
their
Paper-mils
.
To
all
which
he
answers
.
First
,
in
generall
,
that
all
these
objections
arise
from
a
mistake
,
as
if
the
purpose
were
to
take
all
their
Water
,
whereas
it
is
intended
,
and
shall
be
sufficiently
secured
,
that
no
more
water
shall
be
turned
from
the
ordinary
course
than
what
shall
run
between
an
hatch
of
four
foot
wide
.
Which
answer
is
so
far
from
removing
,
or
satisfying
any
one
of
those
objections
,
that
it
is
a
convincing
argument
to
prove
them
all
;
for
a
hatch
of
foure
foot
wide
upon
a
good
fall
,
will
carry
away
more
water
,
then
runs
in
that
River
;
and
if
he
take
away
so
much
as
such
a
hatch
will
receive
,
he
will
leave
them
none
,
or
very
little
;
which
may
be
made
demonstrative
,
by
drawing
a
gate
of
foure
foot
wide
at
any
of
those
Mils
,
which
stand
upon
the
maine
River
,
which
I
dare
undertake
shall
carry
away
the
water
faster
then
the
whole
River
can
bring
it
down
,
and
in
short
time
shrink
it
so
as
it
shall
be
visible
:
and
therefore
Master
Ford
hath
either
exprest
himselfe
ill
,
or
else
he
doth
not
well
understand
workes
of
this
nature
,
it
being
a
vaste
deale
of
water
,
that
a
hatch
of
foure
foote
wide
upon
a
good
fall
will
carry
away
.
1.
I
have
done
with
his
generall
answer
,
and
come
now
to
the
particulars
of
it
.
Where
he
saith
:
first
,
That
none
of
their
fish
shall
be
diminished
,
but
shall
all
bee
shut
out
of
his
River
by
a
great
set
made
at
the
head
of
it
;
which
I
confesse
may
be
done
:
but
if
he
take
away
the
water
from
the
fish
,
he
were
as
good
take
away
the
fish
too
.
Secondly
,
he
saith
that
their
winter
floods
may
and
must
be
wholly
kept
out
of
this
Trench
,
which
shall
receive
no
muddy
water
into
any
part
of
it
,
nor
more
water
in
winter
than
in
summer
,
which
is
impossible
,
unlesse
as
I
said
before
,
he
meane
only
to
make
a
Paper
river
;
and
then
he
may
let
into
it
,
and
into
his
owne
imagination
,
though
not
into
other
mens
,
what
water
hee
pleaseth
and
when
he
pleaseth
;
but
otherwise
to
say
that
his
River
shall
receive
no
muddy
water
,
when
there
is
none
but
muddy
water
in
the
River
from
which
he
receives
it
(
as
in
floods
)
nor
more
water
in
winter
than
in
summer
,
when
the
very
raine
from
heaven
,
which
hee
cannot
shut
out
of
his
River
,
is
more
in
winter
than
in
summer
,
is
a
strange
assertion
.
To
the
third
he
saith
,
that
it
is
presumed
that
an
inch
of
water
taken
away
from
the
depth
of
the
River
,
will
make
no
considerable
difference
to
their
fences
,
which
is
confest
,
if
that
were
the
case
as
it
is
not
,
for
a
hatch
of
foure
foot
wide
will
not
take
away
an
inch
only
from
the
depth
of
their
River
,
but
an
ell
if
it
be
so
deep
in
all
,
and
the
hatch
laid
low
enough
.
To
the
fourth
I
answer
,
that
M.
Ford
cannot
now
with
any
reason
say
,
that
he
will
take
but
a
little
water
out
of
the
River
of
Colne
,
since
in
the
bill
which
he
hath
preferred
in
his
Majesties
name
,
he
saith
,
that
he
will
by
his
new
River
bring
a
far
greater
quantity
of
better
water
to
London
,
then
can
be
brought
from
Lynch-mill
springs
,
which
are
now
found
to
be
so
great
,
that
it
is
feared
by
many
,
that
the
taking
of
them
away
,
may
hinder
Navigation
upon
the
River
of
Lee
,
which
is
80.
foot
wide
,
and
eight
foot
deep
:
and
if
M.
Ford
take
away
more
water
out
of
the
River
of
Colne
,
which
is
far
lesse
then
Lee
,
it
must
needs
exceedingly
prejudice
,
if
not
utterly
destroy
all
the
Mills
standing
upon
it
,
below
his
new
River
.
And
though
some
of
them
have
as
he
affirmes
,
the
water
of
six
Rivers
to
serve
them
now
,
yet
if
he
take
away
all
this
water
before
it
come
at
them
,
as
he
may
doe
by
a
hatch
of
foure
foot
wide
,
they
will
be
little
the
better
for
it
.
And
I
doe
confidently
beleeve
,
that
there
are
none
,
or
very
few
of
those
mills
but
at
some
time
or
other
want
water
;
and
then
if
Master
Fords
new
River
take
away
any
from
them
at
those
times
,
they
must
needs
want
so
much
more
as
he
takes
away
,
neither
is
this
any
thing
which
he
alledges
that
a
great
deale
of
this
water
doth
runne
wast
,
which
cannot
be
avoyded
in
lesse
streames
then
this
is
,
though
the
Millars
want
water
never
so
much
,
because
where
the
streame
wants
either
height
or
quantity
to
maintaine
the
Mils
without
being
pent
,
there
it
must
needs
run
over
as
often
as
the
Mill
stands
still
,
after
the
Pent
is
full
,
though
the
Millar
at
another
time
may
want
that
weter
,
which
thus
runs
waste
.
And
the
reason
why
Millars
pend
up
their
water
in
ponds
and
river
is
,
because
the
water
without
being
pent
,
wants
either
height
or
quantity
to
supply
their
Mils
,
for
if
it
had
both
these
,
and
would
serve
their
turne
as
well
without
being
pent
,
they
would
not
trouble
themselves
to
make
and
maintaine
pends
.
To
the
fifth
and
last
I
answer
,
that
the
case
of
the
Paper-mills
and
Corne-mills
,
being
the
same
,
the
same
answer
may
serve
for
both
,
which
is
briefly
this
:
That
if
so
much
water
,
as
a
hatch
of
foure
foot
wide
will
receive
,
be
taken
out
of
the
River
of
Colne
,
it
will
utterly
destroy
all
the
Mills
below
it
,
because
it
will
take
away
all
the
water
of
that
River
if
it
were
bigger
then
it
is
.
It
therefore
plainly
appeares
by
that
which
hath
been
said
,
that
this
proposition
of
making
a
Navigable
River
from
Rickmansworth
in
Hartfordshire
to
S.
Giles
in
the
fields
,
is
not
fit
to
be
prosecuted
any
further
,
being
a
worke
of
great
difficulty
,
of
excessive
charge
,
and
of
more
prejudice
then
benefit
,
both
to
the
Countrey
and
City
.
So
shallow
and
unfit
this
Ford
is
to
make
a
Navigable
River
.
But
if
the
Inhabitants
of
Hartfordshire
conceive
that
Navigation
from
Richmansworth
to
London
will
bee
a
worke
of
any
great
benefit
to
them
,
I
can
shew
them
a
better
way
to
make
a
Navigable
River
from
thence
to
London
(
though
not
to
S.
Giles
)
then
that
which
M.
Ford
proposeth
,
and
that
is
by
widening
and
deepning
the
River
in
his
naturall
course
,
where
it
is
either
too
narrow
or
too
fleet
,
and
by
making
lockes
in
some
convenient
places
.
All
which
may
be
done
with
a
quarter
of
the
charge
which
M.
Fords
worke
will
cost
,
and
without
any
prejudice
either
to
the
Mills
or
Lands
,
nay
with
some
benefit
to
them
both
,
because
they
shall
have
the
same
water
,
which
they
now
have
,
and
so
much
more
as
the
River
will
containe
more
,
being
made
wider
and
deeper
,
and
pent
higher
.
And
this
worke
I
conceive
may
bee
done
with
a
reasonable
charge
,
though
I
can
only
affirm
it
probably
,
not
knowingly
,
because
I
have
not
yet
surveyed
it
throughly
,
and
being
done
,
it
will
be
far
more
usefull
and
profitable
to
the
Countrey
in
respect
of
Navigation
,
then
M.
Fords
designe
.
And
for
supplying
the
City
and
other
places
with
water
,
that
may
be
done
also
by
the
Aqueduct
from
Hoddesdon
far
better
than
by
his
new
River
,
whether
he
make
it
Navigable
or
not
,
and
both
these
workes
may
be
finished
with
halfe
the
charge
that
his
Navigable
River
will
cost
.
And
if
the
Countrey
may
be
accommodated
with
better
Navigation
,
and
the
City
supplyed
with
better
water
,
for
halfe
the
charge
that
M.
Fords
worke
will
cost
,
I
presume
the
Lords
before
whom
the
cause
is
now
depending
,
will
not
suffer
his
proposition
to
be
prosecuted
any
farther
.
I
have
done
with
the
worke
which
he
proposeth
,
and
now
come
to
the
security
which
he
offers
for
the
performance
of
it
,
eight
thousand
pounds
a
yeare
Lands
,
which
is
at
the
least
six
thousand
pounds
a
yeare
more
then
he
hath
,
or
is
likely
to
have
of
his
owne
.
And
if
there
be
any
such
men
to
be
found
in
the
world
,
as
will
engage
six
thousand
pound
a
yeare
Land
upon
another
mans
project
,
grounded
upon
no
more
probability
of
reason
then
this
is
,
They
shall
have
my
voice
to
be
recorded
for
more
then
kinde
friends
,
and
perhaps
their
posterity
will
have
cause
enough
to
thinke
them
kinde
fooles
,
but
I
cannot
beleeve
that
there
are
any
such
,
and
and
if
there
be
,
Master
Ford
hath
done
well
to
conceale
their
names
:
But
if
he
can
give
such
great
security
,
why
doth
he
not
rather
take
up
so
much
money
at
interest
as
will
doe
the
worke
,
and
take
the
whole
benefit
of
it
to
himselfe
,
and
his
partners
,
then
to
receive
twenty
five
thousand
pounds
of
his
Majestie
,
upon
condition
to
pay
unto
him
and
his
heires
for
ever
foure
thousand
pounds
a
yeare
out
of
the
rents
and
profits
of
the
worke
,
since
foure
thousand
pounds
a
yeare
would
in
lesse
then
ten
yeares
pay
twenty
five
thousand
pounds
with
the
interest
,
and
this
would
be
lesse
dangerous
,
and
more
commodious
for
M.
Ford
,
and
for
his
sureties
,
who
by
this
meanes
should
in
fifteene
yeares
,
if
the
work
succeeded
,
be
absolutely
freed
of
their
security
,
and
M.
Ford
and
his
partners
should
enjoy
the
whole
benefit
of
the
work
afterward
,
whereas
now
their
Lands
must
stand
engaged
for
ever
,
if
the
worke
goe
on
;
and
M.
Ford
and
his
associates
must
for
ever
pay
foure
thousand
pounds
a
yeare
to
his
Majesty
,
and
his
heires
,
if
the
whole
rents
and
profits
of
the
worke
shall
amount
to
so
much
.
And
therefore
M.
Ford
cannot
perswade
me
,
that
he
can
any
where
take
up
twenty
five
thousand
pounds
upon
this
security
,
for
if
he
could
,
why
should
he
take
it
of
his
Majesty
upon
such
hard
conditions
,
as
to
pay
foure
thousand
pound
a
yeare
for
ever
for
it
?
And
if
no
other
will
lend
him
twenty
five
thousand
pounds
upon
this
security
,
why
should
his
Majesty
?
Who
cannot
hope
that
this
Navigable
River
(
if
it
could
be
made
with
any
reasonable
charge
,
as
it
cannot
)
would
yeeld
halfe
foure
thousand
pounds
per
annum
.
And
his
Majesty
can
have
no
more
rent
or
profit
out
of
the
worke
then
it
will
yeeld
:
whereas
the
close
Aqueduct
,
if
it
be
well
and
artificially
done
(
as
it
shall
be
if
Sir
Walter
Roberts
and
his
partners
have
the
doing
of
it
)
is
in
probability
like
to
be
worth
tenne
thousand
pounds
a
yeare
,
and
so
his
Majesty
and
his
heires
shall
be
sure
to
have
their
rent
of
foure
thousand
pounds
a
yeare
,
well
and
duly
paid
them
for
ever
.
Besides
,
this
close
Aqueduct
will
be
a
great
benefit
to
the
City
,
and
no
prejudice
at
all
to
the
Countrey
.
And
I
know
the
honour
and
justice
of
the
Parliament
is
such
,
as
they
will
prefer
that
work
which
they
shall
conceive
to
be
most
for
his
Majesties
profit
,
and
the
publique
good
.
I
have
now
done
with
the
security
,
and
with
this
designe
of
M.
Fords
,
and
so
I
hope
hath
he
;
which
I
wish
for
his
good
,
and
the
good
of
all
whom
it
concernes
.
FINIS
.
A
PROPOSITION
FOR
the
serving
and
supplying
of
London
,
Westminster
,
and
other
places
adjoyning
;
with
a
sufficient
quantity
of
good
and
cleare
springwater
,
to
be
brought
from
Hoddesdon
in
Hartfordshire
in
a
close
Aqueduct
of
Bricke
,
Stone
,
Lead
,
or
Timber
.
THE
Cities
of
London
and
Westminster
being
growne
very
populous
;
and
there
being
of
late
many
faire
houses
and
other
large
and
spacious
buildings
erected
in
them
,
and
in
the
Coven
garden
,
S.
Martins
,
S.
Iames
,
S.
Giles
,
Drewrylane
,
Lincolnes-Inne-fields
,
Holborne
,
and
other
places
adjacent
:
and
there
being
also
a
great
want
of
good
water
in
all
the
said
places
,
especially
in
the
new
buildings
;
the
works
already
done
being
not
sufficient
to
supply
them
,
and
Middletons
water
by
reason
of
the
foulenesse
and
muddinesse
of
it
(
comming
in
an
open
trench
)
being
found
by
experience
not
to
be
fit
for
many
uses
,
and
to
faile
many
times
for
a
whole
week
or
fortnight
together
.
His
Majesty
out
of
his
Princely
care
and
zeale
of
the
publique
good
,
considering
the
many
and
great
mischiefes
that
his
loving
subjects
inhabiting
within
these
Cities
and
places
,
must
needs
suffer
by
the
want
of
so
necessary
a
commodity
;
And
knowing
the
great
benefit
that
will
accrew
unto
them
by
having
plenty
and
abundance
of
good
and
pure
water
,
being
informed
,
that
there
were
certain
springs
of
excellent
water
at
Hoddesdon
in
Hartfordshire
,
that
might
conveniently
be
brought
in
an
Aqueduct
of
Brick
or
Stone
,
to
a
conserve
at
Islington
,
and
from
thence
disperst
to
serve
and
supply
all
the
said
places
,
did
for
his
better
satisfaction
grant
a
commission
to
Sir
Charles
Herbert
and
others
;
to
examine
whether
these
springs
were
sufficient
for
height
,
quantity
and
quality
,
to
serve
and
supply
all
the
said
places
,
and
what
the
charge
of
the
worke
would
be
.
In
March
1636.
these
Commissioners
did
certifie
his
Majestie
that
these
springs
did
lie
33.
foot
and
6.
inches
higher
than
the
pavement
at
the
Crosse
in
Cheapside
(
which
is
22.
foot
higher
then
the
Pyach
in
the
Coven
garden
.
)
That
they
did
yeeld
for
quantity
above
12000.
Tun
of
water
in
24.
houres
,
and
that
they
were
naturall
and
constant
springs
which
did
neither
increase
much
in
winter
with
landwaters
,
nor
decrease
in
summer
,
but
had
continued
so
time
out
of
minde
.
That
they
were
for
quality
very
good
and
well
conditioned
waters
,
fit
for
dressing
of
meate
,
for
Baking
,
Brewing
,
or
Washing
.
And
that
they
had
caused
divers
tryals
to
be
made
of
them
in
their
presence
for
their
better
satisfaction
.
That
there
were
divers
other
springs
hard
by
them
which
might
conveniently
(
if
need
were
)
be
raised
and
brought
with
them
.
And
that
these
springs
might
bee
brought
in
an
Aqueduct
of
Bricke
,
to
a
conserve
at
Islington
for
25000.
pounds
,
and
the
Mill
and
Lands
purchased
for
750.
pound
more
.
Upon
this
Certificate
,
and
upon
hearing
the
cause
himselfe
at
the
Councel-table
,
his
Majesty
was
pleased
to
grant
his
Letters
Patents
to
Michael
Parker
and
Everard
Manwaring
for
the
raising
of
25000.
l.
for
this
worke
.
And
about
the
same
time
,
he
also
granted
other
Letters
Patents
to
Sir
Edward
Stradling
,
and
Iohn
Lyde
for
the
doing
thereof
:
In
which
his
Majesty
did
covenant
to
allow
them
25000.
l.
for
the
doing
of
the
worke
,
and
to
assist
them
and
their
associates
by
the
best
wayes
and
meanes
he
could
,
either
by
making
them
a
Corporation
,
or
by
giving
his
Royall
assent
to
an
Act
of
Parliament
for
the
better
effecting
thereof
.
And
they
did
covenant
with
his
Majesty
to
finish
the
said
Aqueduct
in
five
yeares
;
and
to
raise
out
of
the
rents
and
profits
thereof
4000.
pounds
a
year
to
his
Majesty
and
his
heires
for
ever
;
Or
else
to
pay
backe
the
25000.
pounds
or
so
much
thereof
as
they
should
receive
.
Sir
Edward
Stradling
did
afterwards
associate
to
him
Sir
Walter
Roberts
,
M.
Gage
,
and
M.
Newce
:
and
thereupon
the
contract
was
renewed
.
Upon
the
death
of
M.
Gage
,
M.
Ralegh
was
brought
in
his
room
,
and
the
contract
with
his
Majesty
was
renewed
again
,
under
the
great
Seal
of
England
;
and
the
other
undertakers
did
make
choice
of
Sir
Walter
Roberts
to
have
the
oversight
and
ordering
of
this
worke
;
who
with
their
consent
and
allowance
caused
the
levels
to
be
again
exactly
taken
,
and
a
plot
made
of
the
grounds
,
through
which
the
Aqueduct
was
to
be
carried
;
which
was
done
by
M.
de
Boyes
a
German
,
an
expert
Artist
.
After
this
,
Sir
Edward
Stradling
,
M.
Ralegh
,
and
M.
Newce
,
deserting
the
worke
,
and
desiring
to
be
freed
of
the
security
which
they
had
given
to
his
Majesty
for
the
Performance
of
it
,
Sir
Walter
Roberts
did
in
December
last
by
petition
acquaint
the
Lords
of
the
Parliament
with
it
;
and
did
withall
desire
that
he
might
have
liberty
to
go
on
with
the
worke
,
according
to
the
contract
with
his
Majesty
,
giving
security
to
performe
it
.
Upon
this
petition
of
his
,
the
Lords
of
the
Committee
for
petitions
did
make
an
Order
the
24.
of
December
,
by
which
they
did
declare
,
that
they
did
well
approve
of
the
worke
,
and
thought
fit
the
petitioner
Sir
Walter
Roberts
should
undertake
the
same
.
And
their
Lordships
did
likewise
order
,
that
all
the
parties
therein
named
should
attend
them
in
the
Painted-Chamber
upon
the
14.
of
Ianuary
following
,
●t
two
of
the
clocke
in
the
afternoon
,
to
give
an
account
of
the
monies
which
they
had
received
and
had
in
their
hands
for
that
worke
.
The
parties
did
attend
accordingly
,
and
M.
Ford
did
then
prefer
a
petition
to
their
Lordships
,
in
which
he
did
pretend
and
alledge
,
that
this
worke
which
Sir
Walter
Roberts
and
others
had
undertaken
was
not
feacible
,
the
waters
of
those
springs
wanting
height
,
quantity
and
quality
,
to
supply
the
said
Cities
and
places
with
water
,
or
to
raise
the
rent
reserved
to
his
Majesty
.
And
he
did
likewise
informe
their
Lordships
,
that
the
worke
was
deserted
;
though
he
knew
the
contrary
,
and
had
seen
the
Order
above
mentioned
.
The
Lords
rejecting
his
petition
,
and
one
of
them
saying
,
that
it
was
not
fit
to
overthrow
a
contract
under
the
great
Seal
of
England
,
upon
a
petition
;
He
not
long
after
preferred
a
Bill
in
his
Majesties
name
;
in
which
he
suggested
the
very
same
things
which
he
had
done
before
in
his
petition
.
After
this
Bill
had
been
read
the
first
time
in
the
Lords
House
,
Sir
Walter
Roberts
and
Master
Ford
meeting
often
in
the
Commitee
Chamber
,
and
discoursing
together
about
this
businesse
,
In
the
end
fell
to
this
agreement
,
That
they
should
joyne
together
and
undertake
that
worke
which
should
be
most
for
the
common
good
.
This
agreement
was
set
downe
in
writing
,
approved
of
by
them
both
,
new
written
by
consent
,
and
a
time
and
place
appointed
for
the
signing
of
it
.
But
M.
Ford
sending
his
man
to
excuse
his
not
comming
to
signe
it
,
got
his
Bill
that
morning
to
be
read
the
second
time
and
committed
,
which
was
not
fair
dealing
.
When
the
cause
came
to
be
heard
before
the
Lords
,
M.
Ford
was
not
able
to
prove
any
one
of
his
objections
against
this
worke
.
But
on
the
contrary
Sir
Walter
Roberts
did
disprove
most
of
them
by
the
certificate
of
Sir
Charles
Herbert
and
others
.
M.
Attourney
Generall
being
present
at
this
debate
,
and
of
counsell
for
the
Bill
thus
preferred
in
his
Majesties
name
,
was
pleased
to
say
,
that
in
respect
of
the
contract
which
Sir
Walter
Roberts
had
from
his
Majesty
,
and
the
Order
made
by
the
Lords
of
the
Parliament
upon
his
petition
,
if
Sir
Walter
Roberts
could
either
by
reason
or
demonstration
satisfie
their
Lordships
judgements
,
that
the
worke
which
he
had
undertaken
was
feacible
,
and
that
being
done
it
would
be
sufficient
to
supply
all
those
places
with
good
and
usefull
water
which
were
to
be
supplied
by
it
,
he
thought
fit
,
that
he
should
have
the
doing
of
it
before
any
other
,
neither
should
he
stand
much
upon
the
security
:
but
if
he
could
not
do
this
,
then
it
was
fit
he
should
give
good
security
for
the
performance
of
what
he
had
undertaken
,
if
he
would
go
on
with
it
.
Upon
this
motion
of
M.
Attornies
,
M.
Ford
offering
security
for
the
work
which
he
proposed
,
and
the
Lords
conceiving
that
security
for
the
performance
of
a
worke
was
better
than
any
demonstration
of
reason
,
did
order
.
That
if
Sir
Walter
Roberts
should
give
good
security
for
the
performance
of
the
Aqueduct
which
he
had
undertaken
,
he
should
go
on
with
it
.
Sir
Walter
upon
this
resolution
of
the
Lords
,
did
addresse
himselfe
to
the
Court
of
Aldermen
,
and
did
in
open
Court
acquaint
them
with
the
severall
propositions
which
had
been
made
to
his
Majesty
and
the
Lords
of
the
Parliament
,
concerning
the
supplying
of
London
and
other
places
with
water
.
One
by
himselfe
,
who
had
contracted
with
his
Majesty
to
bring
certain
springs
of
clear
and
excellent
water
,
from
Hoddesdon
in
Hartfordshire
to
London
,
Westminster
,
and
other
places
adjoyning
in
a
close
Aqueduct
of
Bricke
,
Stone
,
Lead
,
or
Timber
.
The
other
by
M.
Ford
,
who
proposed
to
bring
part
of
the
River
of
Colne
from
Rickmansworth
in
Hartfordshire
to
a
Conserve
at
S.
Giles
in
the
Fields
,
in
an
open
trench
or
cut
(
as
Middletons
was
,
)
and
from
thence
to
disperse
it
,
to
serve
the
said
places
,
and
did
desire
them
to
declare
their
opinions
,
which
of
the
two
workes
would
(
as
they
conceived
)
be
best
for
their
City
.
After
some
debate
,
they
all
agreed
that
the
close
Aqueduct
would
be
far
more
usefull
and
beneficiall
to
them
,
than
an
open
River
(
as
Middletons
was
)
could
be
;
since
they
wanted
not
water
so
much
,
as
good
water
,
and
to
bring
more
such
water
,
as
Middletons
was
,
would
be
no
benefit
to
them
,
because
they
which
had
Middletons
water
,
were
fain
to
be
at
a
great
charge
to
buy
Conduit
water
,
Middletons
not
being
fit
for
many
uses
.
When
they
all
thus
agreed
,
that
a
close
Aquednct
would
be
far
better
for
them
,
and
for
all
whom
it
concerned
,
than
an
open
River
,
Sir
Walter
did
make
this
request
to
them
,
that
for
the
good
of
their
City
,
the
benefit
of
the
worke
,
and
the
satisfaction
of
the
King
,
and
the
Parliament
,
that
the
money
raised
,
and
given
for
this
Aqueduct
should
not
be
misimployed
,
they
would
be
pleased
to
take
the
same
into
their
care
and
custody
,
and
see
it
expended
upon
the
worke
as
it
went
on
,
And
to
invite
them
to
consent
to
this
,
he
told
them
,
they
should
have
it
at
a
very
easie
rate
,
at
five
per Cent
.
The
Court
after
some
private
consultation
,
did
make
this
answer
to
Sir
Walters
request
.
That
if
his
Majesty
,
and
the
Lords
of
the
Parliament
should
thinke
it
fit
,
they
would
be
willing
for
the
good
of
the
worke
,
to
be
our
Treasurer
for
the
money
,
and
to
let
us
have
it
,
as
we
wanted
it
;
but
to
give
any
interest
for
it
,
that
they
did
not
thinke
fit
,
seeing
they
gave
none
for
Pauls
money
,
or
any
other
monies
put
into
their
hands
for
pious
or
publique
uses
.
Sir
Walter
having
received
this
answer
from
the
Court
of
Aldermen
in
approbation
of
this
worke
,
not
long
after
preferred
a
petition
to
the
Lords
of
the
Committee
for
the
Aqueduct
,
and
in
it
tendered
such
security
for
the
performance
of
the
worke
,
as
their
Lordships
did
approve
of
,
as
appeares
by
nine
of
their
hands
subscribed
to
his
petition
.
About
the
same
time
he
also
preferred
a
Bill
in
the
House
of
Commons
,
to
have
an
Act
of
Parliament
for
the
better
effecting
of
this
publike
good
worke
,
which
Bill
hath
been
twice
read
,
and
is
referred
to
a
Committee
.
When
M.
Ford
saw
that
neither
his
petition
,
nor
bill
did
prevail
,
but
that
Sir
Walter
Roberts
went
on
still
with
his
worke
,
he
deserts
them
both
,
and
makes
now
a
new
proposition
,
which
he
hath
lately
〈◇〉
out
in
print
,
and
that
is
to
make
a
Navigable
River
from
Rickmansworth
in
Hartfordshire
to
S.
Giles
in
the
fields
,
which
is
a
worke
not
to
be
done
without
a
charge
infinitely
greater
than
the
profit
,
there
being
so
many
great
hils
and
vallies
between
those
two
places
,
besides
the
ground
at
S.
Giles
his
Church
,
being
above
60.
foot
higher
than
the
naturall
course
of
that
River
at
Westminster
;
And
the
making
of
his
River
Navigable
,
will
not
make
his
water
better
,
but
worse
,
and
will
onely
multiply
his
charge
,
but
not
his
profit
.
And
if
the
County
of
Hartfordshire
did
oppose
his
first
proposition
,
which
was
onely
to
take
so
much
water
out
of
the
River
of
Colne
,
as
would
supply
London
,
Westminster
,
and
their
suburbs
,
because
the
taking
of
so
much
onely
out
of
that
River
,
would
(
as
they
conceived
)
much
prejudice
all
their
Mills
standing
upon
it
,
and
deprive
them
of
that
benefit
,
which
they
now
have
by
them
,
and
by
flowing
of
their
lands
,
they
have
much
more
reason
to
oppose
this
new
proposition
,
which
is
to
take
a
greater
out
of
a
lesse
,
a
Navigable
River
,
out
of
a
River
which
is
not
Navigable
.
And
though
he
pretend
,
that
he
will
not
shrinke
the
River
of
Colne
halfe
an
inch
,
nor
prejudice
their
Mills
,
or
hinder
the
flowing
their
lands
,
yet
I
doubt
Hartfordshire
men
,
whom
it
concernes
,
will
hardly
beleeve
him
;
and
the
argument
he
brings
to
prove
it
,
and
to
satisfie
them
withall
,
is
a
convincing
reason
to
prove
the
contrary
:
for
a
Hatch
of
four
foot
wide
upon
a
good
fall
,
will
carry
away
more
water
than
is
in
this
River
,
so
much
M.
Ford
is
mistaken
in
affirming
that
by
such
a
Hatch
he
will
not
take
away
the
fortieth
part
of
the
water
thereof
.
And
for
the
benefit
which
he
pretends
the
Cities
of
London
and
Westminster
,
and
other
places
will
receive
by
this
new
Navigation
,
it
will
be
so
little
to
them
who
have
better
Navigation
already
by
the
Rivers
of
Thames
and
Lee
,
than
any
M.
Ford
can
make
from
Richmansworth
,
as
it
will
not
be
considerable
,
the
lands
bordering
upon
these
two
Rivers
,
being
sufficient
to
receive
ten
times
as
much
soil
,
as
these
two
Cities
can
make
.
Neither
doth
Hartfordshire
afford
any
commodities
to
supply
these
Cities
withall
,
which
may
not
be
had
as
well
,
and
as
cheap
from
other
Counties
.
And
the
worke
undertaken
by
Sir
Walter
Roberts
and
others
,
which
M.
Ford
would
overthrow
to
bring
in
his
new
Navigation
,
will
be
a
worke
of
far
greater
benefit
to
those
Cities
,
and
places
,
(
which
want
good
water
more
than
Navigation
)
than
another
Navigable
River
can
be
.
And
this
worke
as
it
is
proposed
and
intended
by
Sir
Walter
Roberts
,
will
be
a
very
great
benefit
to
the
City
,
and
no
prejudice
at
all
to
the
Countrey
;
nay
,
it
will
be
a
benefit
to
some
parts
of
it
,
viz.
to
such
houses
,
townes
,
and
villages
,
as
want
good
water
and
lie
near
it
,
and
to
those
owners
and
farmours
through
whose
lands
it
shall
be
carried
:
for
these
shall
have
a
full
value
paid
them
in
hand
for
so
much
of
their
land
as
shall
be
cut
and
used
for
the
worke
,
and
yet
shall
have
the
possession
and
profit
of
it
,
and
so
shall
sell
their
land
and
yet
enjoy
it
;
and
those
may
be
supplied
with
excellent
water
from
this
Aqueduct
which
is
no
small
benefit
to
such
places
as
want
it
.
And
for
the
damage
which
any
can
receive
by
it
,
it
wil
be
only
in
cutting
&
soiling
their
lands
,
and
carrying
materials
for
the
worke
over
them
whilest
the
same
is
in
doing
;
and
for
this
being
paid
as
before
,
more
than
a
full
value
,
it
changes
the
name
and
nature
of
it
,
and
makes
it
of
a
damage
a
benefit
and
other
damage
than
this
no
man
shal
receive
by
this
work
.
For
first
,
Sir
Walter
Roberts
will
take
no
water
out
of
any
Rive●
,
and
therefore
no
way
prejudice
Navigation
.
Secondly
,
he
will
divide
or
take
away
no
mans
ground
,
but
onely
make
a
cut
through
it
,
and
fill
it
up
again
,
so
as
men
shall
ride
,
go
,
or
carry
,
plow
or
sow
over
it
,
as
they
now
do
,
and
make
the
same
profit
of
it
in
every
respect
.
Thirdly
,
before
they
begin
to
worke
in
any
mans
Land
,
they
will
compound
with
him
,
and
give
satisfaction
for
the
damage
they
shall
do
him
.
This
worke
being
well
done
with
good
Brickes
,
and
other
materials
,
will
not
fail
in
many
ages
,
unlesse
it
be
in
some
few
places
,
where
it
must
be
carried
above
ground
,
and
there
it
may
very
easily
be
amended
,
when
it
shall
fail
;
neither
can
any
man
be
much
prejudiced
by
it
,
if
a
breach
should
happen
in
it
,
since
the
water
may
at
any
time
upon
an
houres
warning
,
be
turned
into
his
naturall
course
where
it
now
runs
,
and
the
Aqueduct
laid
dry
,
by
sewing
the
pond
where
the
springs
rise
,
to
which
end
there
shall
be
a
large
gut
laid
at
the
bottom
of
it
,
to
draw
up
and
to
sew
the
pond
upon
any
occasion
.
And
this
alone
will
sufficiently
secure
all
the
Lands
through
which
this
Aqueduct
shall
passe
,
from
any
damage
or
danger
of
being
flowed
by
it
.
And
for
the
better
satisfaction
of
all
whom
this
worke
concernes
,
the
manner
how
it
is
intended
to
be
done
,
is
here
expressed
.
First
,
the
Pond
in
which
the
springs
do
rise
shal
be
fewed
,
the
mud
therein
cast
out
,
the
land
waters
shut
off
,
and
all
things
else
removed
that
may
annoy
the
water
.
This
being
done
,
the
Pond
shall
be
walled
in
,
and
the
springs
raised
as
high
,
as
they
will
rise
without
loosing
any
part
of
them
;
when
it
appeares
how
high
they
will
rise
,
then
the
Pond
shall
be
emptied
,
and
paved
at
the
bottom
with
Bricke
or
Stone
,
and
the
bottom
of
the
channell
laid
levell
with
the
bottom
of
the
Pond
,
and
carried
from
thence
,
upon
an
exact
levell
,
(
or
with
as
little
fall
as
may
be
given
in
so
great
a
length
of
way
)
to
the
Conserve
at
Islington
.
This
channell
shall
be
made
of
such
bignesse
,
and
strength
,
as
it
shall
receive
,
and
carry
away
all
those
springs
,
and
as
many
more
if
need
be
,
as
faste
as
they
rise
,
and
shall
be
made
with
such
morter
,
and
covered
at
the
top
two
foot
thicke
at
the
least
,
with
so
good
earth
,
and
so
well
rammed
,
as
it
shall
hold
water
as
well
as
a
pipe
of
Lead
.
It
shall
also
have
vents
given
it
in
very
many
places
,
to
make
it
run
the
more
swiftly
,
and
to
discover
the
defects
,
if
any
should
happen
in
the
worke
.
This
Aqueduct
being
thus
made
,
and
the
springs
walled
in
and
brought
under
ground
in
a
close
vault
or
channell
of
Bricke
so
made
that
no
part
of
them
can
soak
through
,
or
break
away
,
the
water
will
rise
as
high
as
the
Conserve
at
Islington
,
as
it
stands
,
in
the
Pond
at
Lynch
mill
;
and
though
the
channell
be
made
upon
an
exact
levell
,
yet
the
water
will
have
so
much
fall
as
is
between
the
top
of
the
Pond
,
and
the
bottom
of
the
channell
,
and
the
channell
being
by
this
meanes
kept
alwayes
full
,
will
be
far
stronger
,
and
freer
from
danger
of
decay
.
At
either
end
of
this
Aqueduct
shall
be
a
double
set
,
or
grate
made
to
keep
out
whatsoever
may
annoy
or
hinder
the
passage
of
the
water
,
and
to
suffer
nothing
but
water
to
go
in
.
And
by
this
worke
thus
done
,
the
Cities
of
London
and
Westminster
,
and
other
places
adjoyning
shall
be
continually
,
and
plentifully
served
and
supplied
with
excellent
good
water
,
fit
for
any
use
,
either
for
dressing
of
meat
,
for
washing
,
baking
,
brewing
,
or
drinking
.
The
security
offered
for
the
performance
of
this
worke
is
this
.
First
,
the
money
raised
and
given
for
it
shall
be
deposited
in
the
Chamber
of
London
,
or
in
such
other
safe
hands
as
the
Parliament
shall
appoint
.
Secondly
,
Sir
Walter
Roberts
and
his
partners
will
make
the
worke
,
and
the
charge
of
it
certain
,
before
they
demand
any
money
;
by
finishing
part
of
the
worke
at
their
owne
charge
,
and
bringing
all
the
water
part
of
the
way
,
and
part
of
the
water
to
London
,
The
first
whereof
will
shew
the
charge
of
the
worke
,
the
second
the
certainty
:
when
they
have
done
so
much
of
the
worke
,
as
shall
make
the
charge
,
feacibility
,
and
certainty
of
it
appear
,
they
will
desire
to
be
paid
for
it
;
and
with
that
money
they
will
go
on
and
finish
so
much
more
thereof
,
as
that
will
finish
:
and
so
from
time
to
time
they
will
perfect
so
much
of
the
worke
,
as
they
demand
money
for
,
before
they
demand
it
.
Besides
they
will
give
their
bonds
and
covenants
to
finish
the
worke
in
a
convenient
time
,
and
to
performe
the
contract
made
with
his
Majesty
.
And
this
we
conceive
to
be
better
security
for
the
performance
of
a
worke
,
than
any
by
bonds
or
lands
can
be
;
for
no
security
can
make
a
thing
feacible
,
that
is
not
so
in
it selfe
;
and
this
being
feacible
,
there
can
be
no
better
way
to
ascertain
the
doing
of
it
,
than
this
is
.
Security
for
payment
of
money
is
one
thing
,
security
for
performance
of
a
worke
another
.
That
which
is
good
security
for
the
payment
of
mony
,
may
be
no
good
security
for
the
performance
of
a
worke
:
and
on
the
contrary
,
that
may
be
good
security
for
the
performance
of
a
worke
,
that
is
not
good
security
for
the
payment
of
money
.
For
instance
:
an
ignorant
rich
man
under●akes
to
do
a
worke
which
he
understands
not
,
nor
hath
●ny
skill
in
,
and
gives
security
by
bond
,
and
covenant
●o
performe
it
:
this
though
the
man
be
a
good
man
,
is
no
good
security
that
the
thing
shall
be
done
,
because
he
●nowes
not
how
to
do
it
,
and
perhaps
hath
undertaken
that
which
is
not
to
be
done
.
On
the
other
side
,
a
poore
●rtificer
,
that
is
an
honest
understanding
man
,
and
his
●rts-master
,
undertakes
to
do
a
worke
that
will
cost
●000
.
pounds
,
whereas
he
is
not
worth
perhaps
1000.
●ence
,
and
gives
his
bond
and
covenant
to
performe
it
.
This
is
good
security
for
the
performance
of
this
work
,
and
better
than
the
other
,
because
this
man
is
both
able
and
willing
to
performe
what
he
hath
undertaken
,
and
is
bound
to
do
,
which
the
other
is
not
,
but
hath
undertaken
and
bound
himselfe
to
do
that
,
which
is
not
to
be
done
,
and
therefore
may
and
must
forfeit
his
bond
,
but
can
never
do
the
worke
,
which
would
be
M.
Fords
case
,
if
he
should
give
security
to
bring
a
Navigable
River
from
Rickmansworth
in
Hartfordshire
to
S.
Giles
in
●he
fields
,
and
to
deliver
the
water
thereof
as
pure
,
as
it
●s
in
its
owne
nature
,
which
is
absolutely
impossible
,
and
●he
other
not
feacible
without
a
charge
far
greater
than
●●e
profit
.
And
now
I
will
adde
a
word
or
two
in
an●ver
of
those
objections
,
which
are
made
against
this
●orke
;
which
are
these
three
:
The
first
,
that
these
Springs
falling
into
the
River
of
Lee
,
and
containing
so
great
a
quantity
of
water
,
as
12000.
Tun
in
twenty
four
houres
,
the
taking
away
of
them
will
prejudice
Navigation
upon
that
River
.
The
second
,
that
if
any
breach
should
happen
in
this
worke
after
it
is
finished
,
and
should
drowne
or
spoil
mens
Corne
or
Meddowes
,
how
shall
they
be
satisfied
for
that
damage
?
The
third
,
that
the
whole
profit
of
this
worke
,
if
it
be
effected
,
will
not
answer
the
rent
of
4000.
pounds
a
year
reserved
to
his
Majesty
?
The
two
first
of
these
are
made
by
the
inhabitants
of
Hartfordshire
.
The
last
by
Sir
W.
Middleton
,
and
M.
Ford
,
who
oppose
,
and
would
hinder
this
good
worke
,
to
them
all
I
hope
I
shall
give
full
and
satisfactory
answers
:
and
to
the
first
my
answer
is
,
that
the
River
of
Lee
is
Navigable
to
Ware
,
which
is
5.
or
6.
miles
higher
than
Broxbourne
,
where
these
springs
fall
into
it
.
That
between
Ware
and
Broxbourne
,
there
fall
into
this
River
of
Lee
two
other
Rivers
,
containing
four
times
as
much
water
as
these
springs
which
we
take
away
,
and
yet
the
River
is
navigable
two
or
three
miles
above
the
place
where
these
streames
fall
into
it
.
That
this
River
before
it
comes
to
Broxbourne
,
is
divided
into
two
branches
,
and
yet
is
navigable
notwithstanding
,
and
these
springs
which
we
take
away
fall
into
that
branch
of
Lee
which
is
not
navigable
,
&
not
into
the
main
River
,
untill
that
branch
fals
into
it
again
,
that
this
River
where
these
springs
fall
into
it
,
is
80.
foot
wide
and
8.
foot
deep
,
and
the
water
which
we
shall
take
from
it
,
is
onely
a
Mill-stream
,
which
it
hath
not
alwaye
neither
,
being
sometimes
for
four
houres
together
pen●
up
by
the
Millar
,
yet
is
the
River
navigable
neverthelesse
all
that
time
,
as
well
as
when
the
Mill
goes
.
Now
whether
a
Mill-stream
cut
off
from
a
River
that
is
80.
foot
wide
,
and
8.
foot
deep
and
navigable
5.
or
6.
miles
higher
than
where
these
springs
fall
into
it
can
at
all
prejudice
or
concerne
Navigation
,
I
leave
to
the
judgement
of
those
that
are
judicious
in
matters
of
this
nature
;
and
will
onely
say
this
,
that
the
same
objection
lies
more
strongly
against
Sir
William
Middletons
worke
and
M.
Fords
proposition
.
Sir
William
Middletons
water
being
taken
from
springs
which
did
fall
into
the
same
River
5.
miles
higher
than
where
these
fall
in
.
And
M.
Ford
proposing
to
take
his
new
Navigation
out
of
the
River
of
Colne
which
fals
into
the
River
of
Thames
about
Stanes
,
and
will
exceedingly
prejudice
Navigation
upon
that
River
between
Stanes
and
London
.
The
Bargemen
many
times
wanting
water
now
between
those
places
;
and
if
he
take
away
so
much
as
will
make
a
Navigable
River
in
another
place
,
they
must
needs
want
so
much
more
as
he
takes
away
;
and
Navigation
upon
Thames
is
of
ten
times
more
consequence
than
this
new
Navigation
can
be
,
which
is
an
objection
against
his
worke
worth
the
answering
,
and
not
yet
answered
.
And
if
the
taking
away
of
a
Mill-stream
from
a
Navigable
River
shal
be
admitted
for
a
prejudice
to
Navigation
;
this
will
be
an
objection
against
all
Aqueducts
as
well
as
this
,
since
there
is
no
water
but
fals
into
some
Navigable
River
or
other
,
before
it
comes
into
the
sea
.
Besides
,
if
the
taking
away
of
these
springs
from
this
River
would
be
some
small
prejudice
to
Navigation
upon
it
(
as
it
will
not
)
yet
it
were
Damnum
sine
injuria
,
since
we
take
them
not
out
of
the
River
,
but
divert
them
another
way
before
they
fall
into
it
.
And
though
to
take
water
out
of
a
River
to
the
prejudice
of
others
be
not
lawfull
,
yet
it
is
lawfull
for
any
man
that
hath
springs
rising
in
his
owne
Land
,
to
divert
or
convert
them
to
what
use
he
will
,
or
else
no
man
might
erect
Mils
or
bring
water
to
his
owne
house
.
I
have
been
the
more
large
in
answering
this
objection
because
prejudice
to
Navigation
makes
a
great
noise
,
and
such
as
either
cannot
or
will
not
understand
what
is
prejudiciall
,
and
what
is
not
,
are
apt
to
beleeve
,
or
at
least
to
pretend
a
prejudice
where
there
is
none
.
But
I
am
confident
,
that
such
as
can
judge
,
and
come
not
with
a
prejudicate
opinion
,
will
be
clearly
satisfied
with
that
which
hath
been
said
,
That
the
diverting
of
these
springs
cannot
by
any
possibility
prejudice
Navigation
upon
the
River
of
Lee
into
which
they
now
fall
;
but
to
satisfie
the
Countrey
and
all
whom
this
worke
concernes
more
fully
,
that
there
is
no
intention
to
prejudice
them
by
it
,
Sir
Walter
Roberts
will
undertake
at
his
owne
charge
to
make
Navigation
upon
that
River
below
Broxbourne
,
where
these
springs
fall
into
it
,
better
than
it
is
above
that
place
,
so
as
they
will
give
their
free
consent
to
this
publique
good
worke
,
and
will
not
put
him
to
any
unnecessary
charge
or
trouble
,
and
he
doth
hope
and
presume
that
all
that
wish
well
to
the
common
good
will
be
ready
to
afford
him
their
furtherance
in
it
,
which
he
shall
strive
and
endeavour
to
deserve
of
them
.
And
so
I
come
to
the
second
objection
,
which
is
a
Quaere
.
How
the
Owners
and
Farmours
through
whose
Lands
this
Aqueduct
is
to
be
carried
,
shall
be
satisfied
for
the
damage
which
they
shall
receive
by
it
.
To
which
I
answer
,
That
every
mans
damage
shal
be
valued
by
himselfe
,
or
by
such
Commissioners
as
the
Parliament
shall
appoint
,
and
he
shall
receive
full
satisfaction
for
it
before
any
worke
be
done
in
his
land
;
and
for
any
damage
that
shall
happen
afterward
by
any
leak
,
or
breach
in
the
worke
when
it
is
finished
,
They
shall
have
the
same
satisfaction
paid
them
as
soon
as
the
damage
is
done
,
and
valued
.
And
this
damage
cannot
be
much
,
not
happen
often
,
because
as
soon
as
any
such
leak
or
breach
shall
be
perceived
,
the
waters
shall
all
presently
be
drawne
away
out
of
the
Aqueduct
or
channell
,
and
turned
into
the
River
of
Lee
,
where
it
runnes
now
,
by
a
gut
laid
(
as
before
)
in
the
bottom
of
the
Pond
,
till
the
said
leak
or
breach
shal
be
amended
,
and
the
damage
satisfied
.
And
most
of
those
lands
which
we
are
to
passe
throughly
upon
a
side-hill
,
so
as
there
can
be
no
danger
of
flowing
their
corne
,
hay
,
or
grasse
,
though
a
breach
should
happen
in
the
worke
,
and
for
water
to
run
over
land
,
and
not
to
flow
it
,
or
stand
upon
it
,
is
many
times
a
benefit
,
and
enriching
,
and
can
at
no
time
be
any
great
damage
to
it
,
yet
what
soever
the
damage
be
,
it
shall
be
satisfied
as
soon
as
it
is
done
and
valued
,
and
before
the
breach
be
amended
.
These
two
objections
concerne
the
inhabitants
of
Hartfordshire
,
and
the
owners
and
farmours
through
whose
lands
the
Aqueduct
shall
passe
,
and
I
hope
they
are
fully
answered
.
The
third
and
last
concernes
his
Majesty
and
the
undertakers
of
the
worke
;
and
is
made
by
Sir
W.
Middleton
and
M.
Ford
,
who
have
left
nothing
unsaid
,
that
might
be
objected
against
it
;
but
rather
than
they
would
want
objections
have
at
severall
times
objected
things
contrary
one
to
another
:
for
when
this
businesse
was
in
agitation
before
the
Lords
of
the
Parliament
,
then
the
main
objection
,
that
these
Gentlemen
made
against
this
worke
,
was
:
That
these
Springs
did
not
yeeld
water
enough
to
supply
those
places
that
were
to
be
supplied
by
them
.
When
that
was
answered
,
and
a
Bill
preferred
in
the
House
of
Commons
,
to
have
an
Act
of
Parliament
for
the
better
doing
of
this
worke
,
then
they
come
with
a
contrary
objection
;
and
pretend
that
these
springs
yeeld
such
a
great
quantity
of
water
,
that
the
diverting
of
them
,
will
prejudice
Navigation
upon
the
River
of
Lee
,
which
is
80.
foot
wide
,
and
8.
foot
deep
,
and
navigable
5.
miles
〈◇〉
the
place
where
these
springs
fall
into
it
.
But
as
〈…〉
jection
is
very
easily
answered
,
so
their
opposition
●s
a
strong
argument
(
whatsoever
they
pretend
to
the
contrary
)
that
they
conceive
this
worke
to
be
both
feacible
and
profitable
to
the
Common-wealth
;
for
if
it
were
not
both
,
it
could
not
prejudice
them
,
nor
their
workes
,
nor
stir
them
up
to
oppose
it
as
they
do
:
and
being
feacible
and
good
for
the
Common-wealth
,
I
hope
their
opposition
shall
not
hinder
it
.
And
whereas
they
affirme
,
that
so
great
a
rent
as
4000.
pounds
a
year
cannot
be
raised
out
of
this
worke
;
If
they
will
admit
but
this
ground
(
which
they
cannot
with
reason
deny
)
that
men
will
be
willing
to
give
as
much
for
good
water
,
as
they
give
now
for
bad
,
I
will
make
it
very
plain
and
demonstrative
,
that
the
rents
and
profits
of
this
worke
will
be
above
10000.
pounds
a
year
.
For
12000.
Tun
of
water
which
is
the
quantity
and
proportion
that
these
springs
do
yeeld
in
24.
houres
,
will
plentifully
serve
above
40000.
houses
,
which
at
5.
shillings
an
house
comes
to
10000.
pounds
a
year
,
and
the
poorest
men
will
not
grutch
to
give
5.
shillings
a
year
for
good
water
,
which
is
little
above
a
penny
a
week
.
And
thus
having
at
large
shewed
the
feacibility
and
benefit
of
this
worke
,
and
answered
the
objections
made
against
it
,
I
shall
be
an
humble
suitor
to
his
Majesty
,
and
to
both
Houses
,
that
we
may
have
an
Act
of
Parliament
for
the
better
doing
of
it
,
that
we
loose
not
the
benefit
of
this
year
,
having
money
&
materials
provided
and
ready
for
it
.
FINIS
.