❧
CERTAINE
wayes
for
the
ordering
of
Souldiours
in
battelray
,
and
setting
of
battayles
,
after
diuers
fashions
,
with
their
maner
of
marching
:
And
also
Fugures
of
certayne
newe
plattes
for
fortification
of
Townes
:
And
more
ouer
,
howe
to
make
Saltpeter
,
Gunpouder
,
and
diuers
sortes
of
Fireworkes
or
wilde
Fyre
,
with
other
thinges
appertayning
to
the
warres
.
Gathered
&
set
foorth
by
Peter
Whitehorne
.
¶
Imprinted
at
London
by
W
.
Williamson
:
for
Ihon
Wight
.
Anno.
1573.
¶
A
perfecte
rule
to
bring
men
into
a
square
battell
,
of
what
number
so
euer
they
be
.
Cap.
i
.
FOr
to
make
a
square
Battell
of
a
number
of
men
,
or
of
an
Armie
,
the
fowresquare
roote
or
Quadrante
number
of
them
,
muste
be
taken
,
and
so
manye
as
the
same
roote
contaynes
,
so
manye
oughte
to
be
set
in
araye
.
As
for
example
in
a
littell
number
,
for
the
better
vnderstanding
thereof
:
Admitte
there
be
a
.100
.
men
,
the
Fowresquare
roote
of
.100
.
ought
to
be
taken
oute
,
which
is
tenne
:
Then
putting
tenne
of
these
men
in
a
rancke
,
there
will
be
tenne
ranckes
,
ten
to
a
rancke
.
Whiche
tenne
ranckes
placing
them
ordinarylye
,
the
one
behinde
the
other
,
so
that
all
the
distances
that
shall
be
betwene
man
and
man
,
as
well
on
the
sides
,
as
before
and
behinde
be
equall
,
suche
.100
.
menne
will
make
a
fowresquare
battaile
,
as
by
the
figure
here
following
appeareth
.
diagram of a square battle
Head
|
Flancke
|
o
|
o
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o
|
o
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o
|
o
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o
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o
|
o
|
o
|
Flancke
|
o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
|
But
for
that
men
ordered
in
battelraye
,
stande
not
,
nor
marche
not
,
as
aboue
is
supposed
,
I
meane
in
equall
distaunce
,
for
that
euery
man
(
as
Vegetius
affirmeth
)
would
haue
for
largenesse
thrée
foote
,
that
is
from
shoulder
to
shoulder
,
and
for
lengthe
séeuen
foote
,
that
is
thrée
foote
before
him
,
and
thrée
foote
behinde
him
,
and
one
foote
that
his
owne
person
will
occupye
,
for
whiche
cause
the
aboue
written
order
,
menne
standing
according
to
the
sayde
ordinarye
,
distaunce
,
shall
not
be
a
iuste
fowresquare
,
but
the
lengthe
thereof
shal
be
.70
.
foote
,
and
the
bredthe
.30
.
foote
,
as
appeareth
by
the
figure
following
.
diagram of a square formation, 27 ranks of 3 men
Flancke
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
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o
|
o
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o
|
o
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o
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o
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Head
|
o
|
o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
Flancke
|
And
where
some
number
of
men
commethe
not
after
suche
sorte
to
bée
fowresquare
,
as
.200
.
the
roote
whereof
is
.14
.
althoughe
there
bée
.4
.
ouerplus
:
in
this
case
there
ought
to
be
put
fouretene
in
a
ranke
,
&
the
sayd
battaile
will
come
neuerthelesse
to
be
fouresquare
:
That
is
,
it
shall
be
of
.14
.
ranckes
of
menne
14.
to
a
rancke
,
and
as
for
those
fowre
menne
that
are
ouerplus
out
of
the
araye
,
the
Sergant
maye
place
eyther
in
the
taile
thereof
,
or
elles
where
séemes
him
best
oute
of
that
order
:
Likewise
after
this
manner
,
an
army
of
men
howe
greate
a
number
so
euer
it
bée
,
maye
be
broughte
into
a
fowresquare
,
as
for
example
,
admitte
there
were
an
armye
of
.35000
.
of
these
.35000
.
menne
,
the
fowresquare
roote
is
to
be
taken
oute
,
according
to
the
order
that
I
haue
declared
before
,
and
the
same
shall
be
founde
to
be
.187
.
and
.31
.
menne
remayning
ouerplus
,
so
that
placing
.187
.
menne
in
a
rancke
,
suche
an
armye
will
be
in
fashion
fowresquare
,
that
is
,
it
will
amounte
vnto
187.
ranckes
.187
.
menne
for
a
rancke
.
And
as
for
the
.31
odde
men
,
the
Capitaine
may
appoinctte
where
he
shall
thincke
good
.
¶
To
knowe
howe
many
men
maye
marche
in
a
rancke
,
and
at
a
sudden
to
bring
them
into
a
fowresquare
battaile
,
so
that
their
Ansigne
,
may
come
to
be
in
the
middest
.
Cap.
2.
FOr
to
doo
this
thing
with
speede
,
the
fowresquare
roote
of
what
number
of
menne
so
euer
it
be
,
is
straighte
waye
to
be
taken
:
and
if
the
same
roote
be
so
that
it
maye
be
equally
deuided
into
thrée
,
so
many
as
shall
be
the
thirde
parte
of
that
roote
,
so
many
of
the
saide
menne
for
a
rancke
oughte
to
marche
by
the
waye
.
As
for
example
,
if
the
men
that
are
to
be
conducted
,
be
.81
.
the
roote
of
those
.81
.
muste
be
taken
,
the
which
is
.9
.
And
for
as
muche
as
the
roote
of
this
may
equallye
be
deuided
into
.3
.
and
the
thirde
parte
thereof
being
.3
.
the
sayde
.
s1
.
menne
must
therefore
be
made
to
marche
in
iorneing
thrée
in
a
rancke
,
and
they
shall
make
in
all
.27
.
ranckes
,
as
here
vnder
appereth
.
diagram of 27 ranks of 3 men
|
|
c
|
|
a
|
|
|
Tayle
|
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
|
Head
|
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
|
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
|
d
|
|
b
|
|
|
And
when
néede
is
that
they
muste
bée
broughte
into
a
fouresquare
battaile
,
all
these
27.
ranckes
would
be
deuided
into
thrée
equall
partes
,
as
is
declared
by
a
b
.
and
c
d
.
So
that
to
euery
parte
there
come
to
remayne
9.
ranckes
,
thrée
men
in
a
rancke
,
and
afterwarde
the
firste
parte
that
is
in
the
Fronte
must
be
caused
to
stay
,
and
the
other
twaine
to
procede
forewarde
,
the
one
on
the
righte
hande
,
and
the
other
on
the
lefte
hande
of
the
firste
(
now
standing
still
)
vntill
the
headde
or
Fronte
of
eyther
of
the
saide
twoo
partes
doo
vnite
or
come
to
be
euen
with
the
headde
of
the
firste
,
and
there
to
stay
.
As
by
the
figure
following
may
be
vnderstoode
.
diagram of containing 27 ranks of 3 men divided in 3 parts
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Fronte
.
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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|
|
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|
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|
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
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o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
A
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
o
|
o
|
o
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o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
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o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
whiche
thrée
partes
thus
broughte
and
ordered
,
shall
make
a
fowresquare
battaile
,
as
appearethe
by
this
figure
following
:
and
to
cause
that
the
Ansigne
doo
fall
in
the
middest
of
suche
a
battaile
,
alwayes
it
oughte
to
be
placed
in
the
middest
of
the
firste
parte
,
as
before
appeareth
in
the
poincte
.
A.
diagram of previous 3 parts brought and ordered into a square battalion with the flag standard in the center
Head
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
A
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
But
to
knowe
howe
to
deuide
the
sayde
.27
.
ranckes
into
thrée
equall
portions
without
standing
to
tell
nyne
ranckes
,
considering
that
if
it
were
a
great
nomber
of
men
,
it
should
be
a
thing
very
long
so
to
do
:
therfore
séeing
that
to
euery
nomber
of
men
,
there
is
commonly
placed
a
rancke
of
Harkabutters
or
Bowemen
in
the
Forewarde
,
&
an
other
in
the
Rerewarde
,
in
this
figure
aboue
written
of
foure
score
men
and
one
,
there
would
bée
.18
.
Harkabutters
:
that
is
9.
in
the
Forewarde
,
and
9.
in
the
Rereward
:
and
setting
twoo
ranckes
of
Harkabutters
in
the
places
where
the
deuisions
are
to
bée
made
,
as
hereafter
appeareth
in
figure
,
vnderstanding
the
Harkabutters
by
this
letter
H.
diagram of 27 ranks of 3 men divided into 3 parts by harquebusiers
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
A
o
o
o
H
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
By
those
Harkabutters
you
maye
alwayes
vnderstande
where
the
diuisions
are
to
be
made
of
the
sayd
27.
ranckes
,
and
likewise
in
euerye
other
greater
nomber
.
And
when
suche
a
roote
cannot
bée
deuided
into
thrée
equall
partes
,
of
necessitie
there
must
remayne
ouer
one
or
twoo
.
Now
let
vs
firste
take
for
example
this
,
where
remayneth
ouer
one
,
as
it
shoulde
bée
if
it
were
a
hundred
men
,
the
roote
whereof
is
tenne
,
which
tenne
deuided
into
thrée
,
commeth
to
thrée
times
thrée
,
and
one
remayning
ouerplus
.
Wherefore
there
muste
bée
made
tenne
ranckes
to
march
thrée
and
thrée
(
that
is
so
many
rankes
as
the
nomber
of
the
roote
is
of
)
and
other
tenne
ranckes
foure
&
foure
together
,
and
the
last
.10
.
ranckes
also
thrée
&
thrée
together
:
as
here
folowing
appeareth
with
their
20.
Harkabutters
or
Bowemen
,
besides
the
saide
hundred
men
.
diagram of 100 men divided into 11 ranks of 3, 11 ranks of 4, 11 ranks of 3 with harquebusiers in between
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
Front
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
And
these
thrée
partes
when
it
is
néedefull
to
bring
them
into
a
fowresquare
battaile
,
muste
be
ordered
as
aboue
is
rehearsed
,
or
elles
causing
the
first
parte
in
the
Forewarde
to
staye
,
and
to
make
the
second
part
to
procéede
onwarde
vntill
the
heade
or
fronte
of
the
seconde
parte
come
to
be
euen
with
the
headde
of
the
first
,
and
so
the
saide
seconde
part
standing
still
,
to
cause
also
the
third
parte
to
procede
forewarde
after
the
same
maner
,
the
which
thing
béeing
done
,
such
a
battaile
shal
be
broughte
into
fashion
fowresquare
,
with
their
Harkabutters
or
Bowemen
before
&
behind
:
as
appeareth
by
this
figure
.
diagram of the 100 men and harquebusiers in square formation with the flag standard in the middle
Backe
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
Head
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
A
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
|
|
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
But
when
in
deuiding
the
sayde
roote
there
shall
happen
to
remaine
.2
.
ouerplus
,
as
should
be
when
there
were
.121
.
the
roote
whereof
is
.11
.
whiche
.11
.
perting
into
.3
.
comes
to
.3
.
times
.3
.
and
twoo
remayning
ouerplus
(
as
I
haue
sayde
)
in
this
case
and
in
other
like
,
I
woulde
make
a
.11
.
ranckes
to
marche
(
that
is
,
as
many
as
the
roote
containes
)
.4
.
menne
in
a
rancke
,
and
an
other
.11
.
ranckes
.3
.
menne
together
in
a
rancke
,
and
the
other
.11
.
ranckes
also
.4
.
menne
to
a
rancke
:
As
hereafter
appeareth
in
figure
,
with
their
.22
.
Harkabutters
,
beside
the
saide
.121
.
menne
.
diagram of 121 men divided into 11 ranks of 4, 11 ranks of 3, 11 ranks of 4 with harquebusiers between them
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
|
H
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
H
|
The
whiche
men
alwayes
,
when
they
woulde
be
brought
into
a
fowresquare
battell
,
muste
be
ordered
as
before
is
declared
.
And
this
rule
may
serue
likewyse
in
what
littell
or
greate
number
so
euer
it
be
,
as
well
quadrante
as
not
quadrante
.
As
for
example
onely
in
wordes
:
put
the
case
that
there
bée
.3969
.
whereof
being
minded
to
know
how
many
men
in
a
rancke
shold
be
caused
to
march
togethers
by
the
waye
,
so
that
commodiouslye
they
maye
at
a
soden
,
bée
broughte
into
a
fowresquare
battell
,
then
must
be
taken
the
quadrante
roote
of
this
number
of
menne
(
by
the
same
waye
that
I
haue
taughte
)
whiche
shall
be
founde
to
be
.63
.
so
that
on
euery
side
of
the
square
battell
shall
be
.63
.
ranckes
of
menne
,
and
for
as
muche
as
this
roote
(
whiche
is
.63
)
maye
be
deuided
into
.3
.
equall
partes
,
the
thirde
parte
thereof
is
to
be
taken
(
for
a
generall
rule
)
that
is
.21
.
and
therefore
.21
.
menne
in
a
rancke
woulde
be
made
to
marche
togethers
by
the
waye
.
And
alwaies
there
shall
be
as
many
ranckes
in
all
after
.21
.
to
a
rancke
,
as
are
thrée
times
so
manye
as
the
roote
is
of
,
whiche
is
,
thrée
times
.63
.
whiche
comes
to
189.
so
that
.189
.
ranckes
of
men
shal
be
the
number
therof
after
.21
.
to
a
rancke
.
And
by
the
roote
that
is
.63
.
you
may
vnderstande
that
suche
deuision
is
to
be
made
betwene
.63
.
and
.63
.
so
that
the
firste
shall
be
as
well
.63
.
part
as
also
the
seconde
and
the
thirde
.
In
whiche
deuisions
the
twoo
double
ranckes
of
Harkabutters
are
to
be
placed
for
the
redier
knowledge
to
bring
them
into
a
square
battell
.
But
if
in
deuiding
the
roote
into
thrée
,
there
shoulde
remayne
.1
.
ouerplus
,
as
shoulde
happen
if
the
presupposed
men
were
.5776
.
the
roote
whereof
being
76.
whiche
roote
deuided
into
.3
.
shall
come
vnto
.25
.
and
one
to
remayne
ouerplus
.
Nowe
I
saye
,
that
all
the
ranckes
that
riseth
of
these
men
,
shall
be
notwithstanding
thrée
times
so
manye
as
the
roote
,
that
is
three
times
.76
.
which
makes
.228
.
And
for
as
muche
as
all
these
orders
of
ranckes
,
are
deuided
euermore
into
.3
.
partes
(
as
before
hath
bene
declared
)
.76
.
ranckes
to
ā
parte
(
that
is
so
many
as
the
roote
is
of
)
therefore
it
is
to
be
vnderstande
,
that
the
firste
and
the
laste
of
these
thrée
partes
muste
bee
made
to
marche
.25
.
men
in
a
rancke
,
whiche
is
as
muche
as
is
the
thirde
parte
of
the
roote
,
and
for
that
there
remayneth
one
ouerplus
(
as
aboue
appeareth
)
I
saye
that
the
same
one
muste
bée
put
alwaies
in
the
seconde
parte
,
whiche
is
in
the
middeste
,
I
meane
causing
those
of
the
saide
seconde
parte
,
to
marche
.26
.
menne
in
a
rancke
,
so
that
the
firste
and
the
last
part
of
the
greate
rewe
of
ranckes
,
be
.25
.
men
in
a
rancke
,
and
the
second
parte
to
bée
.26
.
men
in
a
rancke
,
and
the
very
same
ought
to
be
done
of
euery
other
roote
that
may
be
deuided
into
thrée
,
where
onely
remaineth
ouerplus
one
but
when
there
remainethe
ouerplus
.2
.
it
followeth
,
cleane
contrary
:
For
that
the
firste
and
the
laste
parte
would
be
of
one
man
more
,
thē
the
same
that
the
third
part
of
the
roote
is
of
.
As
for
example
if
the
saide
men
were
2809.
the
roote
whereof
is
.53
.
whiche
deuided
into
thrée
,
coomes
to
.71
.
and
.2
.
remayning
ouerplus
:
therefore
of
so
many
menne
,
there
shall
bée
made
.159
.
ranckes
(
that
is
thrée
times
.53
.
)
whiche
.159
.
ranckes
deuiding
them
also
into
thrée
partes
commeth
vnto
.53
.
to
a
parte
,
that
is
the
number
of
the
roote
.
And
the
firste
and
thirde
parte
woulde
be
of
one
man
more
then
the
thirde
parte
of
the
roote
,
that
is
,
it
would
be
of
.18
.
menne
to
a
rancke
,
and
the
seconde
parte
,
whiche
is
the
parte
in
the
middest
,
woulde
be
the
verye
thirde
parte
of
the
roote
:
that
is
,
17.
menne
to
a
rancke
,
so
that
of
all
the
.159
.
ranckes
,
as
wel
the
first
.53
.
ranckes
,
as
likewise
the
last
.53
.
ranckes
oughte
to
be
of
.18
,
men
to
a
rancke
,
and
the
.53
.
ranckes
in
the
middeste
woulde
be
onely
of
.17
.
men
to
a
rancke
And
,
wherein
parting
the
roote
into
.3
.
there
remaynethe
ouerplus
onelye
one
,
it
goeth
cleane
contrarye
to
this
.
For
that
the
fyrste
and
the
thirde
parte
of
the
sayde
great
rew
of
ranckes
,
will
alwaies
be
of
as
many
men
to
a
rancke
as
shal
be
the
whole
thirde
parte
of
the
roote
,
and
the
middle
parte
,
whiche
is
the
second
,
will
bee
of
one
man
more
then
the
thirde
parte
of
the
roote
.
And
for
as
muche
,
as
there
can
neuer
remayne
ouerplus
aboue
one
or
twoo
in
deuiding
the
roote
into
thrée
,
therfore
this
foresayde
rule
shall
serue
in
what
nomber
of
men
so
euer
it
bée
,
as
well
Quadrante
as
not
Quadrante
,
for
that
like
as
before
is
sayde
in
nombers
not
Quadrante
,
alwayes
there
is
taken
the
roote
whiche
goeth
néerest
to
suche
a
nomber
,
and
therewith
to
do
accordingly
,
as
aboue
hath
bene
sayed
.
And
as
for
the
residue
of
the
men
that
commeth
to
be
ouerplus
of
the
Quadrante
of
such
a
roote
,
maye
be
placed
some
other
where
as
shall
be
thoughte
moste
beste
.
For
example
if
there
were
foure
thousande
men
,
which
nomber
is
not
Quadrante
,
yet
notwithstanding
of
the
same
nomber
there
oughte
to
be
taken
oute
the
néerest
roote
therof
,
whiche
is
lxiii
.
so
that
there
shall
remayne
ouerplus
one
and
thirtie
men
,
whome
minding
in
a
suddaine
to
bring
into
a
fouresquare
battayle
,
there
oughte
to
be
putte
in
a
rancke
.
lxiii
.
men
,
and
suche
a
battayle
shall
come
to
bée
fowersquare
,
as
in
the
beginning
hath
béene
sayde
:
and
where
there
remaynes
ouerplus
those
.31
.
men
,
the
Sergiant
may
place
thē
as
he
shal
thinke
good
.
Likewise
minding
to
cause
those
4000.
men
to
march
,
there
ought
also
to
be
taken
the
néerest
roote
therof
,
which
as
aforesayde
,
is
.63
.
which
deuiding
into
thrée
,
comes
vnto
thrée
times
21.
&
nothing
remayning
ouerplus
.
And
therefore
the
sayde
men
ought
to
bée
caused
to
marche
.xxi.
in
a
ranke
,
&
the
sayde
rancke
to
be
deuided
into
thrée
parts
.
lxiii
.
to
a
rancke
according
to
the
foresayde
rule
,
in
suche
sorte
that
the
last
parte
shal
be
.64
.
ranckes
,
and
also
.10
.
men
more
because
of
those
.31
.
men
that
were
ouerplus
in
the
beginning
,
the
whiche
as
hathe
béene
sayde
remayned
oute
of
the
araye
:
And
after
the
same
maner
,
it
is
to
be
done
when
the
roote
of
such
a
number
that
is
not
quadrante
,
dooth
not
agrée
with
the
perfecte
deuision
by
thrée
,
which
is
,
if
there
be
ouerplus
one
,
to
procede
as
aboue
hath
bene
declared
.
I
meane
to
put
a
man
more
in
a
rancke
to
the
middell
parte
,
and
to
the
other
twoo
partes
,
the
first
,
and
the
third
,
to
put
onely
so
many
men
in
a
rancke
,
as
the
thirde
paite
of
the
roote
shal
conteine
,
and
when
there
remaineth
ouerplus
twoo
,
to
procede
cleane
contrary
:
that
is
,
to
put
a
man
more
in
a
rancke
to
the
firste
,
and
to
the
thyrde
parte
,
and
to
the
seconde
,
to
put
onelye
so
manye
men
in
a
rancke
as
the
thirde
parte
of
the
roote
shall
bée
of
,
and
those
men
that
are
remayning
ouerplus
,
in
taking
out
the
roote
in
the
beginning
,
to
place
them
as
aboue
I
haue
saide
.
¶
Howe
to
ordayne
a
nomber
of
men
or
an
armie
into
a
battayle
,
like
vnto
a
wedge
,
or
three
square
,
so
that
it
maye
be
apte
to
marche
with
the
poincte
thereof
towarde
the
enemies
.
Cap.
3.
THis
fashion
of
battayle
,
is
made
after
this
maner
,
first
placing
one
man
,
and
after
thrée
,
and
nexte
fiue
,
and
after
seuen
,
and
then
.9
.
after
a
.11
.
&
so
to
increase
awaies
twoo
men
more
,
till
suche
time
as
there
bee
no
more
men
to
place
.
Albeit
there
maye
be
such
a
nomber
of
men
,
that
at
the
last
they
can
not
,
or
there
shall
not
be
sufficient
to
make
vp
the
last
rancke
,
which
hapning
,
those
men
may
be
left
out
of
the
araye
to
serue
wher
their
captain
shal
thinke
most
meete
,
for
that
the
like
hapneth
often
times
,
and
in
euerye
maner
of
ordering
men
,
that
alwayes
there
resteth
some
man
out
of
the
aray
.
And
for
the
better
vnderstanding
hereof
:
admit
for
example
that
the
men
that
is
to
bée
brought
into
a
thrée
square
battaile
bée
a
.100
.
I
saye
that
firste
one
is
to
bée
placed
,
after
.3
.
after
5
,
after
.7
.
after
.9
.
after
.11
.
and
so
to
proceade
:
adding
alwayes
twoo
men
more
in
a
rancke
,
vntill
they
bée
all
placed
,
as
here
following
appeareth
in
figure
.
Where
the
last
rancke
in
this
case
,
shall
come
to
bée
19.
men
,
not
remayning
anye
man
ouerplus
:
and
this
is
,
for
that
the
number
of
men
,
(
whiche
is
.100
.
)
is
a
Quadrante
nomber
:
and
likewise
in
euery
other
nomber
that
is
Quadrante
,
the
sayde
Triangle
battaile
shal
bée
made
withoute
any
man
remayning
ouerplus
.
diagram of 100 men in a wedge formation
But
if
the
sayde
nomber
of
men
bée
not
a
quadrante
nomber
alwayes
there
shall
remayne
ouerplus
so
manye
men
,
as
the
sayde
nomber
of
men
shall
bee
more
then
the
great
quadrant
nomber
contained
of
the
same
:
as
for
example
,
if
the
presuposed
men
to
make
the
thrée
square
battell
were
.120
.
I
saye
that
there
shall
remayne
ouerplus
.20
.
men
oute
of
the
aray
of
the
thrée
square
,
that
is
so
manye
as
the
.120
.
exceadeth
.100
.
(
being
the
greater
Quadrante
nomber
contayned
in
the
same
)
whiche
also
shall
bée
.20
.
but
if
the
sayde
men
were
.123
.
there
shoulde
remayne
ouerplus
only
twoo
men
,
for
as
muche
as
the
greatest
quadrant
nomber
that
can
be
taken
of
.123
.
shall
be
.121
.
and
.123
.
is
more
then
the
saide
.121
.
by
the
saide
twoo
,
and
the
verye
same
is
to
be
vnderstand
in
euery
greate
number
.
¶
To
make
the
battell
called
the
sheeres
,
whiche
in
olde
time
they
vsed
to
set
against
the
Triangle
.
Cap.
4.
THe
Sheeres
are
made
with
twoo
Triangles
ioygned
togethers
,
for
to
receiue
bewene
them
the
saide
battell
,
made
like
a
wedge
or
Triangle
.
The
example
whereof
I
wil
make
also
with
.100
.
men
,
as
the
Triangle
or
wedge
was
made
,
so
that
thereby
maye
be
iudged
if
there
were
twoo
armies
of
equall
numbers
of
menne
,
and
that
the
one
of
them
were
pitched
like
a
Triangle
,
and
the
other
like
a
Shéeres
,
which
of
them
should
haue
the
aduauntage
.
Wherefore
minding
of
.100
.
men
to
make
the
battell
called
the
Shéeres
,
they
oughte
to
be
deuided
into
twoo
equall
partes
,
and
of
euerye
one
of
these
partes
being
.50
.
to
make
a
Triangle
according
to
the
maner
aboue
declared
,
and
to
ioigne
them
together
,
as
here
folowing
appeareth
in
figure
with
their
poinctes
towardes
the
enemies
:
I
meane
towardes
the
wedge
,
to
receiue
it
betwene
them
:
And
it
is
to
be
nooted
how
in
making
of
these
twoo
Triangles
,
there
shal
remaine
ouerplus
one
man
of
euery
one
of
them
out
of
the
araye
,
for
that
the
number
of
.50
.
is
no
Quadrant
number
,
and
it
is
more
then
the
Quadrante
number
contained
of
the
same
(
whiche
is
.46
.
by
a
man
onely
)
so
that
betwene
them
bothe
,
there
shall
remaine
ouerplus
twoo
men
,
as
here
appeareth
in
Figure
.
diagram of a Sheeres formation opposing a wedge formation
What
auantage
it
is
to
order
men
in
a
Triangle
battaile
against
the
enemy
that
knoweth
not
how
to
make
the
battaile
called
the
Shreeres
to
set
against
it
,
inespecially
where
there
is
as
many
men
of
the
one
part
as
of
the
other
.
Cap.
5.
WHen
the
contrarie
parte
woulde
come
against
a
threesquare
battayle
,
with
a
battayle
that
were
fouresquare
,
as
nowe
a
dayes
is
vsed
,
by
all
reason
it
shal
be
broken
and
ouerthrowne
.
As
admit
for
example
that
there
bée
100.
in
a
thréesquare
battayle
,
&
a
hundred
other
men
in
a
fouresquare
battaile
,
pitched
against
the
iii
.
square
,
as
here
folowing
appeareth
in
figure
.
diagram of a wedge formation opposing a rectangular formation
And
for
that
the
order
of
the
Triangle
in
fighting
,
is
after
suche
sorte
,
that
all
those
whiche
shoote
with
anye
kinde
of
weapon
,
as
péeces
of
Ordinaunce
,
Harkabuses
Dartes
,
Bowes
,
or
Crosbowes
,
oughte
all
to
directe
their
shotte
,
and
to
strike
only
in
the
same
place
,
where
the
poincte
of
the
Triangle
séekes
to
enter
,
I
meane
in
in
the
poincte
A.
whereby
the
men
that
are
in
the
same
place
,
shall
either
bée
slayne
or
else
constrayned
to
geue
place
to
the
poincte
of
the
sayde
Triangle
throughe
the
great
multitude
of
shotte
striking
in
that
place
.
So
that
the
poincte
of
the
sayde
Triangle
entering
therin
,
maye
continually
penetrate
al
the
sayde
aray
cleane
through
.
For
as
much
as
all
the
Harkabutters
,
&
Archers
which
remayne
without
,
must
not
cease
to
shoote
in
the
verye
same
place
,
&
no
other
where
else
:
whiche
thing
doing
it
is
impossible
but
that
waye
shall
bée
giuen
for
the
sayde
Triangle
to
enter
in
,
and
once
entred
,
suche
an
armye
is
ouerthrowen
without
anye
reméedye
.
For
all
the
force
and
strength
of
suche
a
Triangle
being
made
in
that
place
onely
,
it
is
not
possible
that
men
in
suche
a
place
may
be
able
to
withstand
,
althoughe
there
were
many
more
in
suche
Quadrante
aray
,
then
those
that
be
in
the
saide
Triangle
,
because
the
place
of
.
A
cannot
be
succoured
of
any
of
those
of
the
same
battell
,
considering
that
if
those
which
are
placed
towardes
.
B.
or
elles
towardes
.
C.
woulde
come
to
succour
the
place
where
the
violence
and
force
is
made
,
it
must
néedes
be
,
that
they
must
disorder
them selues
:
and
being
once
disordered
,
they
runne
into
the
very
same
mischiefe
,
after
suche
sorte
,
that
they
shall
remaine
altogether
broken
:
and
remaining
in
their
places
,
their
strength
or
power
,
resteth
of
none
effecte
:
for
as
much
as
none
of
them
can
be
able
to
doo
any
thing
,
howe
valiaunte
soeuer
he
be
.
Whereby
may
be
vnderstoode
of
what
importance
this
Triangle
battell
is
againste
the
enemie
,
that
knowethe
not
the
medesin
or
remedy
thereof
.
¶
To
bring
a
number
of
men
or
an
armie
,
into
a
batell
,
which
in
olde
time
was
called
a
Sawe
.
Cap.
6.
THis
fashion
of
Battel
according
to
the
qualitie
of
the
name
,
oughte
to
bée
made
is
it
were
with
téethe
,
like
vnto
a
Sawe
whiche
they
vse
to
Sawe
timber
withall
.
And
therefore
minding
to
bring
a
number
of
men
,
or
an
armie
into
suche
a
fashion
,
there
muste
be
considered
twoo
thinges
,
the
one
,
howe
many
téethe
,
this
Sawe
is
to
be
made
of
,
and
whether
besides
those
téethe
,
there
woulde
be
anye
other
raies
to
sustaine
suche
teethe
or
no
.
As
for
example
,
admit
that
the
men
of
whome
muste
be
made
those
onely
téethe
of
this
foresayde
Sawe
,
be
.100
.
nowe
these
.100
.
menne
oughte
to
be
deuided
into
the
number
of
the
teethe
that
this
Saw
shall
haue
,
and
of
euery
of
one
those
parts
,
to
fashion
a
Triangle
,
by
the
Rule
declared
in
the
thirde
Chapter
:
and
those
Triangels
to
ioyne
close
together
,
according
as
was
done
of
those
twoo
that
made
the
Shéeres
:
As
put
case
that
of
the
sayde
hundred
men
there
woulde
be
made
foure
téeth
of
a
Sawe
,
then
the
sayde
.100
.
men
muste
bée
deuided
in
to
foure
partes
,
in
whiche
deuisions
it
will
come
to
25.
for
a
parte
.
Nowe
of
euery
one
of
these
partes
,
there
ought
to
be
fashioned
a
Triangle
,
according
to
the
order
geuen
in
the
forsaide
thirde
Chapter
.
And
these
foure
Triangles
to
ioyne
them
straight
together
,
as
here
following
appeareth
in
figure
:
and
this
is
in
as
much
as
in
making
the
téeth
onlye
:
but
if
peraduenture
there
woulde
be
put
an
other
order
behinde
the
sayde
foure
téeth
,
it
is
néedefull
firste
to
determine
of
how
many
men
such
a
raye
is
to
be
made
,
and
those
to
take
oute
by
them selues
,
and
of
the
rest
to
diagram of a saw formation
make
the
téeth
,
and
behinde
the
sayde
téeth
to
place
those
nomber
of
men
whiche
first
were
taken
oute
,
and
to
ordayne
them
so
manye
men
in
a
rancke
,
as
shall
bée
founde
directlye
in
length
in
all
the
hinder
partes
of
the
téeth
that
are
made
,
as
for
example
,
admitte
there
bée
twoo
hundred
&
xliiij
.
men
,
and
that
with
a
hundred
men
therof
,
there
must
be
made
foure
téeth
of
a
Sawe
,
&
the
other
144.
to
be
made
certayne
ranckes
to
sustayne
the
sayde
foure
téeth
:
Therefore
the
hundred
men
being
broughte
into
foure
téeth
,
as
aboute
is
declared
,
consequently
behinde
those
5
there
oughte
to
bée
placed
those
C.
&
xliiii
.
men
.
xxxvi
.
men
to
a
ranke
:
for
as
much
as
in
all
the
foure
lower
partes
of
the
sayde
foure
téethe
there
bée
36.
men
as
in
the
figure
nexte
following
appeareth
.
And
after
this
maner
and
order
,
if
there
were
a
hundred
thousande
men
,
they
mighte
bée
set
in
a
raye
,
placing
them
,
as
aboue
is
done
with
that
litle
nomber
.
diagram of a saw formation with replacement ranks
¶
To
fashion
a
battayle
of
a
nomber
of
men
or
an
armie
like
vnto
twoo
Triangles
ioyned
together
,
so
that
they
may
bee
apte
to
marche
with
a
corner
therof
towarde
the
enemies
.
Cap.
7.
WIth
the
rule
whereby
the
single
Triangle
is
made
,
with
the
verie
same
almost
this
fashion
battayle
is
also
made
:
for
as
muche
as
deuiding
all
those
men
,
or
that
Armye
wherewith
this
fashion
battayle
is
made
into
twoo
equall
partes
,
and
of
the
one
halfe
thereof
to
make
a
Triangle
,
and
that
done
,
vpon
the
very
last
side
of
the
same
,
there
ought
to
be
placed
the
other
halfe
nomber
of
men
in
ranckes
,
which
continually
go
decreasing
by
twoo
men
lesse
,
I
meane
cleane
contrarie
to
that
was
done
at
the
beginning
with
one
,
where
beginning
to
make
the
poincte
of
the
Triangle
,
the
ranckes
were
continuallye
increased
with
twoo
men
more
.
But
it
is
to
be
vnderstande
,
that
if
in
making
the
first
Triangle
,
there
happen
to
remaine
ouerplus
any
men
,
that
are
not
sufficient
to
make
vp
an
other
rancke
,
yet
the
very
same
rancke
oughte
to
be
finished
vp
with
some
of
the
other
halfe
number
of
men
,
for
that
one
of
these
twoo
Triangles
ioyned
together
,
commeth
to
be
of
one
rancke
more
then
the
other
.
As
for
example
,
admit
the
men
,
wherewith
this
fashion
battell
is
to
bée
made
,
be
.320
.
which
muste
be
deuided
into
twoo
equall
partes
,
so
that
by
suche
deuision
there
wyll
be
.160
.
men
for
a
parte
,
and
of
the
one
of
these
partes
,
there
woulde
bée
made
a
Triangle
,
according
to
the
order
declared
in
the
thirde
Chapiter
,
whiche
doone
,
there
shall
be
founde
to
remayne
ouerplus
.16
.
(
by
the
reason
aledged
in
the
saide
third
Chapter
)
so
that
there
shall
lacke
.9
.
men
to
finishe
the
saide
laste
rancke
of
the
first
Triangle
:
Therefore
the
saide
rancke
muste
bée
made
vp
,
with
the
men
of
the
other
halfe
,
as
taking
those
.19
.
men
whiche
lackes
,
so
that
in
the
saide
firste
Triangle
maye
be
.169
.
men
,
and
in
the
other
parte
onelye
.151
.
menne
,
wherewith
the
other
Triangle
ought
to
bée
made
vpon
the
laste
rancke
of
the
firste
,
whiche
laste
rancke
shall
be
of
.25
.
men
:
wherefore
vpon
the
same
,
there
muste
be
placed
an
other
rancke
of
twoo
men
lesse
,
that
is
.23
.
and
vppon
the
same
saide
.23
.
menne
,
to
place
an
other
of
.21
.
menne
,
and
vpon
the
.21
.
mene
,
to
place
an
other
of
.19
.
menne
,
and
vpon
those
.19
.
men
,
to
place
an
other
of
.17
.
men
,
and
so
to
procede
alwayes
with
twoo
men
lesse
,
till
suche
time
as
it
cometh
to
the
rancke
of
one
man
onely
,
as
here
folowing
appereth
in
figure
:
Trew
it
is
,
that
there
shall
be
founde
in
the
ende
,
to
remaine
ouerplus
.7
.
men
,
the
whiche
the
Sargiant
maye
place
where
he
shall
thincke
good
.
And
thus
with
this
maner
of
order
,
there
may
be
brought
into
like
araye
,
anie
armie
howe
greate
so
euer
it
be
,
and
they
may
turne
them selues
,
and
in
marching
,
make
of
the
Rerewarde
,
the
Forewarde
,
and
likewyse
of
what
so
euer
side
they
liste
.
diagram of two wedge formations joined into a diamond formation
¶
What
is
best
to
be
done
where
the
ordinance
of
the
enemies
being
shotte
into
the
army
hath
slaine
many
men
.
Cap.
8.
AN
Armye
of
menne
that
happeneth
to
haue
certaine
ranckes
thereof
to
be
striken
downe
&
kilde
with
the
enemies
ordinaunce
,
and
marching
after
such
sorte
,
leauing
voide
the
places
of
those
menne
whiche
are
slaine
with
the
Artillerye
,
or
els
drawing
themselues
close
altogether
,
to
fil
such
empty
places
,
the
one
of
these
waies
is
very
euill
,
and
the
other
much
worse
:
for
as
muche
as
leauing
those
places
after
such
sort
open
,
inespecially
in
the
foreward
,
there
is
geuen
thereby
greate
faciletie
vnto
the
enemies
to
enter
into
the
saide
raies
,
and
to
ouerthrowe
them
.
And
likewise
causing
after
such
misfortune
the
saide
raies
to
draw
together
,
to
fill
the
saide
places
,
those
raies
must
néedes
altogether
be
disordered
;
and
shall
bée
broughte
almoste
into
confusion
:
for
that
it
is
to
be
thoughte
that
the
saide
artillery
,
dothe
not
destroye
any
rancke
of
menne
wholye
from
one
ende
to
an
other
in
lengthe
,
but
onelye
a
parte
of
some
,
and
a
parte
of
other
,
and
some
to
remaine
vntouched
,
or
vnhurte
.
In
whiche
case
being
minded
to
cause
them
to
drawe
together
,
to
fill
vp
the
sayde
voide
places
,
it
muste
néedes
followe
that
the
whole
rancke
doo
disorder
in
lengthing
those
that
lacke
,
so
that
some
of
the
ranckes
shall
remaine
withe
a
greater
number
of
ranckes
of
menne
(
in
length
)
in
the
Rerewarde
,
then
in
the
Forewarde
,
whereby
if
such
a
battell
woulde
Marche
of
necessitye
it
will
immediatelye
run
into
confusion
,
because
of
those
ranckes
that
are
vnperfecte
in
lengthe
,
Wherefore
that
Capitaine
,
is
to
bée
praised
,
whiche
instructethe
his
menne
that
in
like
chaunces
,
they
neuer
remaine
withoute
a
compaignion
before
them
,
excepte
it
be
in
the
Fronte
,
as
to
aduertise
euerye
one
of
them
,
that
if
fortune
to
happen
anye
of
them
to
lacke
the
same
man
,
whiche
was
wonte
to
marche
before
them
,
or
elles
mo
,
that
then
incontinente
,
and
with
selerette
they
doo
marche
forwarde
,
vntill
they
finde
an
other
companion
in
the
accustomed
distaunce
before
them
,
and
where
it
fortunethe
noo
man
to
be
founde
,
to
aduertise
them
,
howe
they
shoulde
then
procéede
till
they
come
to
the
head
or
Fronte
,
and
in
such
place
to
stand
still
,
or
elles
to
march
according
as
the
other
ranckes
in
the
headde
or
in
the
Fronte
shall
doo
.
And
this
being
a
generall
rule
that
euerye
man
muste
take
the
measure
of
his
marchyng
softelye
or
faste
of
his
compaignions
that
gooeth
before
him
,
and
not
of
anye
that
be
of
theyr
sides
.
All
those
menne
therefore
that
shall
be
founde
in
the
verye
same
rancke
behinde
suche
a
man
that
dooeth
lacke
his
compaignion
or
compaignions
before
him
,
shall
bée
constrained
to
runne
,
or
goo
a
pase
according
as
that
man
shall
marche
,
whiche
shall
bée
nexte
before
him
:
whiche
thing
being
obserued
of
euerye
man
in
the
battell
,
alwayes
the
Forewarde
or
Fronte
thereof
,
shall
come
thereby
to
be
whole
and
sounde
,
and
those
emptie
places
of
the
deade
to
be
transeformed
into
the
Rerewarde
,
in
whiche
places
there
shall
not
almoste
be
any
perrill
.
As
for
example
,
admitte
,
that
in
a
battell
of
144.
menne
in
fashion
fowresquare
,
the
enemies
hath
slaine
.12
.
menne
,
as
by
the
voide
places
in
the
figure
folowing
appearethe
,
I
saye
that
hauing
aduertised
euerye
man
to
doo
as
muche
as
before
I
haue
declared
,
whiche
is
,
that
euerye
time
that
he
lackethe
his
fellowe
(
or
moo
men
)
that
marched
before
him
,
he
doo
straighte
waye
make
haste
,
and
withe
all
spéede
possible
not
to
seace
going
forewarde
,
till
he
finde
an
other
compaignion
in
the
accustomed
distaunce
that
goeth
before
him
.
diagram of a square formation missing soldiers in the front
And
if
it
fortune
in
suche
a
rancke
that
in
the
ende
hée
finde
no
man
,
yet
he
ought
to
proceade
so
muche
till
hée
come
to
the
last
ranke
in
the
Front
,
and
there
to
stande
still
,
or
els
to
marche
according
to
the
order
of
the
saide
rancke
.
And
likewise
euery
man
ought
to
take
héede
that
in
his
marching
faste
or
softelye
,
hée
doo
rule
him selfe
by
his
compaignion
that
goeth
before
him
,
and
not
of
any
of
those
that
be
on
his
sides
:
which
thing
being
obserued
,
as
in
the
figured
rayes
aboue
diagram of a square formation missing soldiers in the back
written
,
they
same
battales
,
shal
be
transformed
in
this
other
maner
,
like
vnto
the
last
figure
,
that
is
,
those
12.
voide
places
shal
be
translated
into
the
reward
,
as
plainlye
maye
be
séene
.
¶
How
to
chaunge
with
speede
an
Armie
,
that
is
,
in
battelray
fouresquare
,
into
a
triangell
fashion
,
without
disordering
the
first
ranckes
,
and
without
perill
of
confusion
.
Cap.
xix
.
LIke
as
the
Capitaine
with
sounde
of
the
Trompette
,
or
with
voyce
shall
cause
the
Souldiours
to
be
aduertised
and
taughte
to
knowe
howe
to
turne
that
waye
,
which
is
betwene
the
fronte
and
the
righte
side
,
or
the
lefte
,
and
likewyse
that
waye
that
is
betwene
the
righte
,
or
lefte
side
,
and
the
backe
,
and
after
that
they
shall
bée
well
informed
therin
,
euen
so
I
would
also
haue
thē
to
be
well
aduertised
of
the
same
,
that
was
declared
in
the
laste
chapiter
,
whiche
is
to
shewe
and
teache
euery
man
,
that
alwayes
when
he
shall
be
caused
to
turne
towardes
anye
of
the
foresaide
sides
,
and
shall
not
finde
to
haue
his
fellowe
in
the
accustomed
distance
before
him
,
that
then
the
same
man
with
all
spéede
doo
procede
,
or
march
so
farre
righte
forthe
,
till
he
finde
a
companion
before
him
in
the
accustomed
distaunce
:
Of
whiche
thing
euery
souldiour
being
well
informed
and
instructed
,
with
the
twinkling
of
an
eye
,
an
Armye
that
is
in
fashion
.iiij.
square
,
may
be
transeformed
into
a
triangle
.
As
for
example
,
minding
to
make
the
right
corner
the
poinct
of
the
sayd
triangle
,
with
sounde
of
Trumpette
,
or
with
voice
,
causing
euerye
man
in
the
armie
to
turne
them selues
with
theyr
faces
that
waie
,
which
is
betwene
the
front
and
the
righte
flancke
,
and
incontinente
,
so
soone
as
they
are
turned
,
euery
man
obseruing
the
foresayd
order
,
that
is
,
that
all
those
,
whiche
shall
perceyue
not
to
haue
his
fellowe
before
him
in
the
accustomed
distance
,
doo
procede
straighte
foorthe
vntill
he
haue
one
,
whiche
done
,
the
saide
fowresquare
fashion
,
shal
be
founde
to
be
chaunged
into
a
triangle
fashion
,
and
the
poincte
of
the
same
triangle
figure
,
shall
come
to
bée
the
righte
corner
of
the
fronte
of
the
firste
figure
.
Whiche
thing
,
is
as
easie
to
be
doone
as
is
possible
:
for
the
triall
whereof
,
let
there
be
for
example
.25
.
men
standing
in
fashion
fowre
square
,
as
hereafter
appeareth
in
figure
,
and
to
cause
it
to
be
better
vnderstande
,
I
haue
thought
good
to
make
this
figure
with
the
25.
letters
of
the
a
b
c
.
Now
minding
to
chaunge
this
foure
square
figure
,
into
a
triangell
figure
,
it
is
néedefull
to
cause
thē
all
to
tourne
diagram of a square formation
Front
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
D
|
E
|
F
|
G
|
H
|
I
|
K
|
L
|
M
|
N
|
O
|
P
|
Q
|
R
|
S
|
T
|
V
|
X
|
Y
|
Z
|
&
|
'
|
with
their
faces
that
waye
,
whiche
is
betwéene
the
head
and
the
same
side
,
where
I
haue
thought
good
to
make
the
poinct
of
the
wedge
or
triangle
:
as
for
example
purposing
to
make
the
corner
.
E.
the
poincte
and
head
of
the
triangle
,
I
shal
cause
that
euery
man
do
tourne
with
his
face
that
waye
,
betwéene
the
front
&
the
righte
flancke
,
towardes
the
corner
.
E.
whiche
thing
done
,
the
foresayde
figure
shall
come
to
stande
as
here
appeareth
:
in
whiche
figure
maye
bée
séene
manye
men
,
that
hath
no
fellowe
in
the
accustome
distance
before
him
,
although
they
haue
a
felow
straight
before
him
,
much
more
further
diagram of the square formation rotating into a diamond formation
|
Front
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
D
|
E
|
|
F
|
G
|
H
|
I
|
K
|
L
|
M
|
N
|
O
|
P
|
Q
|
R
|
S
|
T
|
V
|
X
|
Y
|
Z
|
&
|
'
|
of
them
the
ordinarye
,
whiche
is
double
so
muche
as
the
ordinarye
,
as
appeareth
by
.
F.
whoo
hath
righte
before
him
.
B.
but
the
distaunce
that
is
betwene
the
sayde
.
F.
and
the
saide
.
B.
is
double
so
muche
as
the
ordinarye
distaunse
,
wherefore
if
.
F.
shall
obserue
the
preceptes
aboue
declared
,
immediately
so
sone
as
he
shall
haue
turned
his
face
that
waye
,
he
shoulde
incontinent
goo
,
to
come
néerer
to
the
saide
.
B.
in
the
accustomed
disstaunce
,
whiche
doing
,
he
shall
bring
him selfe
betwene
A.
and
.
G.
Albeit
the
saide
.
G.
shall
not
remaine
in
his
firste
place
,
but
shall
goo
néerer
vnto
.
C.
to
the
accustomed
distaunce
,
and
in
the
place
where
.
G.
was
firste
L.
muste
come
.
So
that
.
F.
shall
stande
betwene
.
A.
and
.
L
,
and
likewise
if
all
the
other
shall
procede
forwarde
,
according
to
the
saide
order
,
vntill
euery
man
finde
a
fellowe
in
the
accustomed
distaunce
before
him
H.
shall
goo
néerer
vnto
.
D.
and
.
M.
shall
followe
the
saide
.
H.
and
.
Q.
shall
followe
after
the
saide
.
M.
euery
one
of
them
,
vntill
they
come
to
theyr
accustomed
disstaunce
.
And
in
like
maner
.
I.
shall
go
néere
vnto
.
E.
and
N.
shall
followe
.
I.
and
.
R.
shall
followe
.
N.
and
.
X.
shall
followe
the
sayde
.
R.
euery
one
of
them
vntill
they
come
to
their
accustomed
distaunce
.
Likewise
.
O.
shall
go
néerer
to
.
K.
and
.
S.
shall
followe
.
O.
and
.
Y.
shall
followe
.
S.
also
to
the
ordinary
distaunce
:
and
likewise
.
&
.
shall
also
go
néerer
to
.
V.
to
the
accustomed
distaunce
,
which
thing
being
obserued
,
such
a
foure
square
battel
shal
be
transformed
into
a
triangle
battell
,
as
here
following
appeareth
in
figure
,
the
poinct
whereof
shall
come
to
bée
the
corner
.
E.
and
with
this
order
a
Capitaine
may
chaunge
an
armie
,
with
tourning
of
a
hande
,
though
it
were
of
100000.
men
from
the
fashion
of
a
foure
square
to
the
fashion
of
thréesquare
.
So
that
the
sayde
men
be
aduertised
diagram of the diamond formation changing into a wedge formation
and
taughte
,
as
afore
hath
béene
declared
,
both
as
well
to
knowe
howe
they
oughte
to
tourne
as
to
marche
.
Whiche
is
of
wonderfull
importaunce
:
for
as
much
,
as
at
a
sudden
to
reduce
an
armye
after
this
sorte
into
a
triangel
fashion
,
it
is
almoste
impossible
that
the
enemies
shal
be
able
,
or
shall
knowe
how
to
make
their
armie
like
the
Sheres
to
set
against
it
,
wherby
shal
come
great
aduauntage
as
by
the
5.
chapitex
aboue
is
plainelye
prooued
:
for
that
it
séemes
vnto
mée
that
a
triangle
battayle
,
maye
bee
alwaye
sufficient
able
to
breake
all
maner
of
fouresquare
battayles
as
is
vsed
now
a
daies
,
although
it
had
halfe
so
many
moe
men
,
so
long
as
those
of
the
triangel
battel
be
well
instructed
of
the
maner
of
their
fighting
declared
in
the
v.
chapiter
.
¶
Of
the
perfecte
forme
or
fashion
of
strong
places
.
THe
forme
which
vnto
the
circular
fashion
doth
moste
resemble
,
of
experte
and
skilfull
souldiours
,
is
aboue
all
other
with
most
reason
praised
,
so
that
the
Curtine
or
walles
therof
,
be
made
straight
,
and
of
such
length
,
that
of
the
bulwarkes
they
may
be
flancked
:
whiche
fashion
being
made
with
manye
corners
,
is
verye
méete
and
necessarye
if
in
a
sufficient
great
place
it
bée
erected
:
for
where
in
small
roomes
the
iuste
length
of
the
courtin
is
shortened
,
it
is
conuenient
to
buylde
them
with
fewe
corners
;
because
if
otherwise
they
shoulde
bée
shortened
with
a
nomber
of
corners
,
the
shorter
of
necessity
the
spaces
betwéene
those
muste
bée
;
so
that
besides
that
the
one
bulwarke
maye
hurte
the
other
,
they
shal
be
moreouer
to
no
purpose
,
but
rather
an
occasion
of
infinite
coste
,
their
courtins
néeding
as
is
requisit
to
be
defended
of
platformes
,
and
the
corners
therof
shall
come
to
bée
lesse
blunt
,
and
muche
sharper
then
they
oughte
to
be
,
by
reason
of
the
litle
distaunce
betwéene
them
and
the
platformes
.
Therfore
the
more
that
they
be
made
distaunte
from
those
bulwarkes
(
the
due
length
of
the
curtin
being
kept
)
so
much
the
blunter
the
corners
will
come
to
bée
,
which
by
them
must
be
defended
,
and
the
more
of
those
corners
that
there
are
in
the
same
fashion
,
so
muche
the
blunter
they
shall
also
come
to
bée
.
So
that
where
the
fashion
of
the
places
that
are
builte
bee
sufficiente
great
to
contayne
all
the
foresayde
particulars
,
whiche
for
a
sure
fortresse
is
requisite
to
bée
made
,
all
thing
commodiously
will
come
to
passe
:
and
the
greater
that
they
shal
be
,
the
more
men
they
maye
haue
to
defend
them
and
more
commodious
space
within
,
for
to
retire
with
greate
and
strong
fortification
,
and
the
platformes
maye
be
made
muche
further
in
,
and
haue
the
corners
of
theyr
bulwarkes
blunt
,
and
with
a
large
backe
,
méete
for
defence
,
and
in
an
assaulte
,
muche
surer
then
the
sharpe
,
because
the
sharpe
poincted
bulwarke
,
being
battered
defendeth
the
enemye
from
the
platformes
,
so
that
vnder
the
same
,
being
couered
,
he
maye
almost
oute
of
daunger
,
make
an
assaulte
.
Where
against
a
Towne
or
Fortresse
,
that
were
builte
after
the
fashion
of
these
plattes
folowing
,
in
what
so
euer
parte
of
such
places
,
the
enemy
should
approche
marching
towardes
them
to
incampe
,
or
in
battell
raie
to
assaulte
them
,
or
with
Trenches
,
and
artillery
to
batter
them
,
either
high
or
lowe
or
by
the
curtin
within
,
or
otherwise
,
he
shall
alwaies
,
from
many
of
those
flankers
of
the
same
place
,
be
greately
hurte
and
repulced
,
and
of
the
platformes
in
especially
,
more
then
from
any
other
where
,
because
they
be
moste
neere
,
and
stande
higher
then
all
the
other
,
and
they
shall
also
hurte
him
more
,
when
he
shall
bée
somewhat
farre
of
,
then
néere
hande
,
as
maye
be
sene
by
the
plaine
platte
that
hath
the
number
.1
.
and
in
the
same
that
is
raised
vp
,
that
hath
the
number
.2
.
The
whiche
with
twoo
other
are
also
here
after
pictured
,
to
the
ende
that
thereby
maye
be
considered
of
such
as
shall
sée
them
,
the
sundrye
good
and
notable
effectes
that
bée
in
them
,
the
whiche
althoughe
it
bée
not
possible
so
easelye
with
writing
to
bée
expressed
,
yet
by
theyr
helpe
they
maye
be
better
vnderstande
and
comprehended
,
and
moreouer
by
them
shal
be
gotten
this
knowledge
,
whereby
euery
man
commodiously
maye
vnderstande
,
where
the
enemie
gowing
aboute
with
his
power
,
maye
best
deuise
to
assaile
them
,
and
howe
they
within
maye
prouide
to
defende
and
withstand
the
same
with
theyr
men
,
taking
them
from
those
places
where
they
may
best
be
spared
,
so
the
building
the
fashion
of
fortresses
,
in
the
saide
maner
,
there
shall
in
no
place
happen
any
such
incommodities
,
as
in
other
that
are
ignorauntly
made
,
after
the
ordinary
fashion
with
lesse
corners
,
as
also
by
these
figures
,
here
folowing
is
more
plainlye
declared
.
There
oughte
also
to
be
noted
,
that
these
and
the
other
plattes
,
in
this
treatise
set
foorth
,
being
drawen
in
a
litle
space
,
coulde
not
bée
fashioned
with
their
due
proportion
:
albeit
to
the
ende
that
same
which
is
reasoned
about
them
,
might
partly
bée
vnderstande
,
they
are
not
left
out
or
omitted
:
for
without
their
help
it
shoulde
haue
bene
impossible
for
anye
man
,
to
haue
comprehended
that
,
which
I
séeke
to
declare
,
concerning
fortification
,
although
they
were
expert
souldiours
:
as
by
the
foresayde
plattes
of
the
nombre
of
1.
and
2.
maye
manifestlye
bée
séene
,
howe
well
the
courteynes
of
suche
a
towne
,
is
by
the
bulwarkes
therof
defended
,
and
howe
the
ditches
of
the
platformes
,
and
of
both
of
them
are
flancked
and
skowred
,
besides
other
thinges
,
whiche
by
the
lines
that
are
drawen
be
declared
,
where
otherwise
it
coulde
not
bée
shewed
after
such
sorte
,
as
it
might
bée
vnderstande
,
and
the
like
happeneth
in
the
other
.
diagram of a fortification
1
D
C
B
V
F
H
K
M
O
Q
S
T
E
G
I
L
N
P
R
diagram of a fortification
2
G
F
D
O
B
¶
The
strongest
and
perfectest
fashion
of
all
other
for
the
building
of
the
cortin
or
wall
of
a
Towne
or
fortresse
.
BEfore
being
shewed
concerning
the
perfection
that
for
the
fashion
of
Fortresses
is
requisite
,
howe
thy
oughte
to
be
buylded
with
a
nombre
of
corners
proportioned
neuerthelesse
,
with
a
iust
length
of
the
cortin
,
and
a
sufficient
distaunce
betwéene
euerye
bulwarke
,
so
that
the
more
that
with
like
conditions
to
the
circular
fashion
it
resembleth
,
so
much
the
more
it
becommeth
perfect
.
There
now
remained
to
be
considered
,
what
fashion
is
to
be
iudged
of
moste
perfection
,
either
the
same
whiche
without
any
edification
placed
in
the
middest
of
the
cortin
therof
,
shal
be
builded
,
or
that
which
shal
haue
either
caualiers
,
or
platformes
,
or
what
so
euer
other
maner
of
edification
or
figure
,
that
for
to
defende
the
cortins
of
the
bulwarkes
may
be
placed
:
or
whether
it
be
of
those
fashions
,
which
vnto
this
present
hath
bene
vsed
of
other
in
buylding
,
or
some
new
maner
that
might
be
deuised
Therefore
in
this
part
leauing
to
reason
of
those
,
that
shall
haue
caualiers
or
platformes
as
also
of
those
bulwarkes
that
the
cortins
shall
haue
,
which
from
the
one
to
the
other
moste
straightlye
without
other
edification
placed
in
the
middest
do
shoote
,
for
this
time
I
shall
only
shewe
a
newe
fashion
,
the
which
I
iudge
to
be
the
most
perfectest
,
that
is
possible
to
be
imagined
,
as
maye
bée
séene
by
the
lines
that
are
drawen
from
the
plaine
plat
of
the
number
of
3.
&
by
the
plat
that
is
raised
vp
of
the
nomber
of
.4
.
here
vnder
figured
,
which
resembling
so
nere
the
circular
figure
,
as
the
due
length
of
the
curtin
will
suffer
,
they
shal
haue
this
difference
from
the
other
which
directly
are
distended
,
that
the
cortin
being
made
backe
a
conueniente
distaunce
,
that
spase
maye
be
lefte
mete
to
make
from
the
one
and
the
other
poincte
of
the
same
retire
,
a
flanker
,
as
twoo
like
flankers
maye
be
séene
,
in
the
plaine
platte
of
the
number
of
.3
.
by
the
letters
.
E.
and
.
F.
and
in
the
platte
that
is
raysed
vp
of
the
number
of
.4
.
by
the
letters
.
A.
and
.
C.
they
shall
haue
commoditie
to
directe
their
ordinaunce
to
flancke
,
as
well
highe
as
lowe
,
like
vnto
those
that
are
commonly
builte
nowe
a
dayes
:
whereby
,
not
onely
the
same
space
of
the
curtin
,
that
is
betwene
the
one
and
the
other
of
them
shal
be
perfectlye
defended
,
as
maye
be
perceyued
by
the
platte
of
the
number
of
.3
.
by
the
line
drawen
from
the
letter
.
E.
to
the
letter
.
F.
but
also
that
whiche
lieth
betwéen
them
and
the
bullwarkes
,
as
in
the
saide
platte
,
by
the
lines
that
describeth
the
manner
of
the
shotte
the
one
from
the
letter
.
E.
to
the
letter
.
S.
the
other
from
the
letter
.
F.
to
the
letter
.
R.
maye
be
vnderstand
,
and
likewyse
the
curteines
of
those
bulwarkes
,
as
also
in
the
verye
same
,
by
the
line
that
is
drawne
from
the
letter
.
F.
to
the
letter
.
Q.
is
showed
,
with
a
better
maner
than
in
other
fashion
of
building
that
is
vsed
can
be
defended
,
so
that
all
the
partes
of
them
shall
not
onelie
be
made
to
be
able
to
shoote
by
flanke
,
but
also
thereby
to
shoote
by
righe
line
,
as
in
the
platte
of
the
number
of
.4
.
by
the
line
that
passeth
from
the
letter
.
C.
to
the
letter
.
D.
and
from
the
letter
A.
to
the
letter
.
B.
maye
be
perceiued
.
And
whereas
they
maye
be
builded
with
lesse
coste
then
otherwise
,
they
haue
also
commoditie
to
make
their
gates
equallye
distante
the
one
from
the
other
,
from
the
nexte
bulwarkes
:
where
they
are
placed
moste
safelie
and
commodiouslie
with
greate
strengthe
,
and
those
gates
be
as
well
,
as
all
the
reste
of
the
wall
,
and
greatlier
in
that
parte
,
much
surer
from
the
assailing
of
the
enemies
,
thē
in
what
so
euer
other
maner
of
fashion
mighte
be
deuised
:
for
as
muche
as
the
platforms
,
and
caualiers
bée
nothing
so
strong
,
but
more
easie
to
bée
ouerthrowen
,
in
respecte
to
this
maner
of
building
,
which
is
moste
sure
from
such
daunger
,
and
excedingly
well
defended
from
the
force
of
the
enemie
:
to
the
which
,
the
nerer
that
the
enemie
shall
approche
,
so
much
the
more
he
shal
of
those
within
be
hurt
,
contrarie
to
that
,
which
in
the
platformes
happeneth
.
Moreouer
there
maye
be
certayne
slaughter
houses
builte
in
the
diche
,
as
in
the
plat
of
the
number
of
.4
.
by
the
letters
.
F.H.
is
shewed
,
which
the
enemies
with
greate
difficultie
must
firste
séeke
to
winne
,
before
they
can
come
nere
the
walles
.
And
those
being
wonne
,
shall
be
but
small
preiudise
to
the
towne
or
fortresse
:
wherefore
without
comparison
,
this
fashion
is
greatelier
to
bee
praised
,
then
the
same
with
platformes
for
that
the
nerer
the
Walle
,
the
enemie
shall
come
,
soo
much
more
from
the
bulwarkes
by
flanke
,
and
all
most
on
the
backe
,
and
from
other
places
,
both
by
flanke
,
and
by
fronte
in
one
instant
,
he
shal
be
hurte
and
stroken
.
Where
also
in
suche
a
kinde
of
fashion
with
many
corners
,
the
greatenes
and
roome
of
the
towne
within
,
is
somwhat
deminished
,
in
respect
to
those
that
are
made
with
platformes
.
Therefore
I
conclude
,
for
the
consideracions
a
foresaide
,
these
to
bée
the
moste
perfectest
fashions
that
any
strong
fortresse
,
is
possible
to
bée
made
.
diagram of a fortification
5
A
B
D
G
K
N
diagram of a fortification
6.
C
G
B
F
N
M
D
I
K
●●●
diagram of a fortification
3.
A
C
E
D
F
F
G
I
H
K
Z
P
Q
diagram of a fortification
4.
D
B
E
G
H
¶
An
example
of
the
quadrant
forme
to
prooue
that
it
causeth
debilletie
and
weakenesse
.
THE
townes
&
fortresses
that
are
buylded
after
a
foure
cornered
fashion
,
in
what
so
euer
maner
they
be
made
,
are
subiect
to
moste
great
inconueniences
:
for
that
the
sharpe
corners
of
their
bulwarkes
whiche
of
necessitie
the
same
fashion
will
cause
them
to
haue
,
may
very
easyly
be
battered
,
and
vnder
the
ruine
therof
,
the
assaultes
of
the
enemies
defended
,
as
in
the
platte
following
of
the
nombre
of
7.
by
the
bulwarke
C.
battered
of
the
artillerle
D.
is
séene
.
Whereby
also
maye
be
perceyued
how
the
ordinaunce
may
be
planted
to
make
a
breatche
,
and
to
take
awaye
their
flanckers
after
such
sort
,
that
the
enemies
maye
safelye
approche
to
anye
place
,
either
marching
in
battelray
to
incampe
,
or
assaulte
,
or
with
pianers
to
worke
,
or
for
any
other
purpose
,
as
by
the
foure
flanckers
of
the
thrée
bulwarke
.
L.E.C.
may
be
vnderstande
,
the
whiche
of
the
artillerie
.
H.F.K.G.
not
onely
are
battered
,
but
also
twoo
of
them
that
haue
the
letters
.
L.
C.
as
is
séene
,
may
of
the
artillerie
.
K.
G.
bée
beaten
through
their
flanckers
,
&
the
backe
of
the
bulwarke
.
E.
néerest
to
them
,
which
is
on
both
sides
of
the
flanckes
battered
,
the
which
for
hauing
in
such
place
lesse
thickenesse
then
anye
where
els
,
and
great
heigth
,
maye
bee
the
more
easelier
ruinated
.
as
is
to
bée
séene
in
the
sayde
bulwarke
.
E.
battered
with
the
artillerie
F.
and
H.
and
also
by
the
breatche
of
the
batterye
,
whiche
in
the
cortin
is
made
of
the
ordinaunce
B.
as
is
séene
where
the
artillerie
G.
by
the
cortin
doth
beate
through
the
same
in
the
breatch
of
the
batterye
A.
as
manifestly
appeareth
:
and
moreouer
when
they
within
woulde
do
any
thing
,
they
shall
be
beaten
with
the
artillerie
ouer
the
wall
within
the
cortin
N.
from
the
caualier
M.
without
,
so
that
no
man
shal
be
able
to
stande
behinde
the
same
to
defende
.
And
not
onely
in
this
sorte
,
but
in
sundrye
wise
,
and
in
diuerse
maners
,
what
soeuer
towne
or
fortresse
is
builded
after
such
fashion
,
maye
easely
be
battered
&
soone
made
sautable
,
whereby
without
further
declaration
it
is
playnly
to
be
vnderstande
,
how
much
the
foresaid
plattes
of
the
other
fashion
excel
this
.
diagram of a square fortification
7.
Y
S
A
N
¶
Of
the
nature
of
Saltpeter
,
and
the
maner
howe
to
make
and
refine
it
.
SAltpeter
is
a
mixture
of
manye
substaunces
,
gotten
out
with
fire
and
water
of
drie
&
durtie
ground
,
or
of
that
flower
,
that
groweth
oute
of
newe
walles
,
in
Sellars
,
or
of
that
grounde
which
is
found
lose
within
toombes
,
or
desolate
caues
,
where
raine
can
not
come
in
:
in
the
which
grounde
(
according
to
my
iudgemente
)
the
same
is
ingendered
of
an
ayrie
moistenesse
drunke
vp
,
and
gotten
of
the
yearthy
drines
:
whose
nature
(
by
the
effect
therof
)
considering
,
I
cannot
tell
how
to
be
resolued
,
to
saye
what
thing
properly
it
is
.
The
well
learned
and
most
wise
Phisitions
(
besides
medicinall
experience
)
by
the
taste
(
finding
it
salte
,
and
with
excéeding
sottill
sharpenesse
,
and
considering
the
great
byting
therof
)
suppose
verylye
that
it
is
of
nature
hotte
and
drye
:
on
the
other
parte
,
séeing
it
to
be
a
thing
ingendered
of
ayre
,
and
touched
of
fyre
to
fall
in
a
flame
,
and
vapore
,
and
rise
with
a
terrible
violence
(
as
the
same
compounded
,
is
séene
by
Gonpoulder
moste
manifestly
declared
)
séemeth
to
bée
of
an
ayrie
nature
,
hot
and
moiste
:
and
againe
séeing
it
with
shining
and
glittering
whitnesse
,
as
a
thing
to
the
nature
of
water
conformable
,
it
séemeth
that
it
maye
bée
sayde
,
that
it
is
of
a
waterye
nature
,
finding
it
heauye
:
to
whiche
maye
bée
ioyned
the
experience
of
the
taste
,
and
of
the
excéeding
coldenesse
that
in
somer
it
causeth
the
water
to
bée
of
,
wherein
it
is
put
to
kéepe
Wine
colde
,
as
they
vse
in
Italye
,
and
by
the
brittelnesse
therof
,
it
may
be
thoughte
to
bée
of
the
nature
of
earth
:
and
so
muche
the
more
,
where
burning
it
with
as
muche
brimstone
,
it
will
tourne
into
a
harde
white
stone
:
so
that
to
conclude
,
it
semeth
that
it
hath
the
soueraintie
&
qualitie
of
euerie
elemente
.
Nowe
this
of
aunciente
wryters
,
was
called
nitro
:
and
Plinie
in
his
naturall
historie
in
the
.xxxj.
booke
sayeth
,
that
it
differeth
not
muche
from
salte
:
whose
nature
semes
also
that
vnto
Phisitions
hath
not
bene
hid
:
&
it
is
found
in
manie
places
,
but
the
best
is
founde
Macedonia
:
Albeit
the
late
writers
,
spetially
they
of
our
partes
,
say
that
Plinie
,
and
the
other
writers
beleued
that
it
was
minerable
:
&
peraduenture
they
are
deceyued
:
for
that
there
is
of
the
artificial
:
which
hath
the
very
same
vertue
,
&
as
some
thinke
,
more
stronger
of
nature
:
&
is
founde
for
the
very
same
medicinall
effect
,
better
then
the
naturall
.
Nowe
this
(
as
I
haue
sayde
)
is
drawen
foorthe
from
the
sayde
durtie
yearthe
,
so
that
the
yearthie
drines
by
raine
hath
not
bene
extinct
:
but
the
moste
excellenteste
of
all
other
,
is
made
of
the
dunge
of
beastes
,
conuerted
into
yearth
,
in
stabells
or
in
dunghilles
,
of
long
time
not
vsed
:
and
aboue
all
other
,
of
the
same
that
commeth
of
hogges
,
the
moste
and
best
is
gotten
:
what
so
euer
dunge
it
be
of
,
it
is
requisite
the
by
continuance
of
time
it
be
well
resolued
into
yerth
,
and
the
humiditie
therof
dried
:
yea
and
it
is
néedefull
that
the
same
yearthe
be
as
it
were
dustie
.
To
minde
too
haue
a
saye
to
knowe
whether
it
bée
good
,
by
the
taste
of
the
tong
it
maye
be
felte
if
it
be
byting
,
and
howe
muche
:
and
finding
it
strong
,
so
that
you
determine
to
woorke
of
it
(
making
a
great
quantitie
)
it
is
necessarie
to
prouide
manie
Cauldrons
,
fornesses
,
barrills
or
tubbes
:
and
likewyse
wood
,
white
lime
,
and
asshes
of
olde
oke
:
but
chieflie
muste
be
prouided
a
great
barne
,
or
other
walled
house
nere
to
the
water
(
whereof
it
is
nedefull
to
haue
inoughe
,
as
also
of
yearthe
,
both
commodious
for
the
place
,
&
likewise
euery
other
thing
.
)
But
firste
the
fornesses
muste
be
made
for
the
cauldrons
,
and
they
muste
be
placed
thereon
,
as
those
be
that
the
diers
vse
:
then
there
must
bée
prepared
ioystes
as
long
as
the
house
,
and
soo
broade
,
that
commodiuslie
aboue
grounde
maie
stande
buttes
with
their
heads
knocked
oute
,
square
chestes
,
barrels
or
tubbes
to
the
number
of
.50
.
or
.60
.
or
.100
,
(
according
to
the
cauldernes
,
and
the
capacetie
of
the
place
)
and
betwene
euerie
twoo
of
those
vessells
,
there
muste
be
set
a
halfe
tubbe
to
receiue
the
water
that
shall
run
oute
:
or
there
woulde
be
placed
a
channell
of
wood
that
maye
gooe
along
vnder
the
holes
of
the
vessells
that
are
set
aboue
grounde
,
soo
that
it
maye
conuey
all
the
water
that
commeth
from
them
,
into
a
greate
tubbe
or
twoo
sufficiente
to
hold
all
the
water
ful
of
substaunce
of
Saltpeter
:
and
the
buttes
that
haue
their
headdes
knocked
oute
,
or
barrells
or
tubbes
,
in
the
bottom
of
euerie
of
them
there
muste
be
made
a
hole
on
the
one
syde
,
with
an
Awgar
,
or
els
thrée
or
fower
littell
holes
made
with
a
good
bigge
perser
:
and
vpon
them
muste
be
layde
a
littell
thinne
linnen
clothe
or
els
the
ende
of
a
brome
,
or
some
strawe
,
to
the
intente
that
it
maie
kepe
the
yearthe
vp
and
straine
the
water
that
shal
be
put
amongeste
the
same
yearthe
which
is
to
be
wrought
,
when
it
is
tasted
with
the
mouth
,
so
that
it
be
certaine
,
that
it
containeth
Saltepeter
.
Then
there
muste
be
made
thereof
,
in
the
middest
of
the
house
where
it
is
to
be
wroughte
,
a
greate
hill
,
nexte
vnto
which
muste
be
made
an
other
halfe
so
bigge
,
which
must
be
made
with
twoo
pares
of
vnslaked
lime
,
and
thrée
of
oke
asshes
,
or
other
asshes
,
which
in
taste
are
verie
strong
and
sharpe
:
and
then
the
one
hill
muste
be
well
mingled
with
the
other
,
and
with
the
same
composition
,
the
tubbes
muste
be
filled
that
are
set
a
lofte
vpon
the
ioystes
,
within
a
span
of
the
mowthe
,
or
else
(
minding
not
to
mingell
with
the
yearth
the
asshes
&
the
lime
together
)
you
maie
put
firste
a
spanne
thickenes
of
yearth
in
the
bottome
of
the
tubbe
,
and
then
thrée
fingers
thicknes
of
the
forsayde
lime
and
asshes
:
and
vpon
the
same
after
,
an
other
spanne
thicknes
of
yearthe
,
and
on
that
likewyse
,
an
other
thrée
or
fowre
fingers
thicknes
of
lime
and
asshes
:
and
so
putting
one
rewe
of
one
thing
,
and
an
other
of
an
other
,
you
shall
fill
all
the
buttes
and
tubbes
,
or
other
vessells
that
you
haue
placed
,
euen
as
aboue
I
haue
sayde
,
wythin
a
spanne
of
the
mouthes
of
them
,
and
the
reste
that
is
then
emptie
,
which
you
lefte
,
you
muste
fill
with
water
:
the
which
running
throughe
all
the
yearthe
,
by
a
littell
and
a
littell
,
you
muste
let
it
droppe
in
the
tubbes
that
stande
vnder
to
receyue
it
,
or
in
the
gutter
or
channell
,
or
where
you
liste
,
so
that
it
be
conueyed
into
one
or
into
sundrie
tubbes
,
or
where
you
thincke
good
:
and
so
you
muste
sée
well
that
you
gather
all
the
water
that
you
powred
vppon
the
yearthe
,
after
it
is
passed
throughe
the
holes
of
the
bottom
of
the
tubbes
,
in
suche
wyse
,
that
it
bring
with
it
all
the
substaunce
and
vertue
of
the
Saltepeter
that
was
in
the
sayde
yearth
:
whereof
by
putting
some
of
it
on
your
tongue
,
you
maye
taste
:
and
finding
it
biting
and
very
salte
,
it
is
a
token
that
it
is
good
and
that
you
haue
done
well
:
if
not
,
powre
it
agayne
vpon
the
verye
same
yearthe
,
or
vpon
some
other
newe
:
but
finding
the
firste
yearthe
full
of
substaunce
as
muche
as
sufficeth
,
you
maye
agayne
powre
vpon
it
more
water
,
too
wasshe
better
the
remnaunte
of
the
yearth
:
albeit
this
seconde
water
woulde
be
saued
in
an
other
vessell
,
and
after
this
,
the
yearth
maye
likewise
be
wasshed
the
thirde
time
,
to
thintente
that
all
the
substaunce
thereof
,
maye
perfectlie
be
gotten
:
but
this
seconde
nor
the
thirde
,
ought
not
to
be
mingled
with
the
firste
,
if
it
happen
not
to
come
of
the
verie
same
taste
:
the
whiche
I
beleue
that
it
will
not
:
but
it
must
be
put
by
it selfe
in
other
vessells
,
for
that
it
is
good
to
powre
vpon
the
chaunge
of
the
nexte
yearth
,
and
so
you
maye
procede
,
gathering
a
good
quantitie
of
suche
water
,
taking
héede
neuerthelesse
,
that
it
be
full
of
the
substaunce
of
Saltepeter
:
the
whiche
if
it
séeme
vnto
you
,
not
of
the
same
perfection
,
as
you
woulde
haue
it
,
you
maye
powre
it
againe
vpon
the
verie
same
yearth
,
or
vpon
other
new
,
till
suche
time
as
it
satisfie
you
,
and
that
you
knowe
,
that
it
be
full
of
the
substaunce
of
Saltepeter
.
Besides
this
,
there
muste
be
made
a
furnes
with
one
or
.ij.
cauldrons
of
brasse
walled
thereon
,
whiche
muste
be
as
greate
as
those
that
the
Diers
vse
,
and
these
cauldrons
muste
then
be
filled
,
with
the
foresaide
Saltepeter
water
:
the
whiche
(
as
alredie
I
haue
tolde
)
oughte
to
be
as
full
of
substaunce
as
maie
be
,
so
that
it
haue
aboute
the
.ij.
third
partes
,
and
make
it
faire
and
softlie
to
boile
so
much
till
it
come
to
one
thirde
part
,
or
there
aboutes
:
and
after
take
it
of
,
and
put
it
to
settell
in
a
greate
vessell
,
couered
,
whiche
muste
be
well
bounde
aboute
,
with
hoopes
of
yron
,
and
sure
and
close
in
the
ioyning
thereof
,
to
the
intente
it
spill
not
:
and
thus
when
the
same
water
is
setled
and
well
clarefied
,
and
from
the
yearthe
and
grose
matter
,
whiche
in
it
remained
,
diligently
purged
,
it
muste
be
taken
oute
and
boyled
againe
of
newe
in
the
same
cauldron
,
or
in
some
other
:
and
for
as
muche
as
euerye
time
that
it
boileth
,
if
it
be
not
taken
héede
of
,
it
turneth
into
skum
,
and
sometimes
swelleth
so
muche
,
that
often
times
running
ouer
it
spilleth
,
and
carrieth
awaye
therewith
muche
of
the
good
:
the
whiche
minding
to
reméedie
,
you
muste
take
thrée
partes
of
Oke
asshes
,
and
one
of
lime
,
and
moreouer
,
in
euerie
hundrethe
pounde
waighte
of
water
,
there
muste
be
dissolued
fower
pounde
of
roche
Alum
:
and
when
the
cauldron
boileth
,
take
of
the
sayde
water
with
a
pot
,
and
powre
into
it
ones
or
twise
,
and
spetially
when
you
sée
the
Saltepeter
water
rise
in
skum
,
whiche
in
a
little
while
you
shall
sée
it
alaie
,
bothe
clere
and
faire
,
and
of
an
azur
colour
:
and
it
muste
bée
boyled
so
long
,
till
all
the
thinne
watrinesse
bée
vapored
away
and
the
substaunce
of
the
Saltpeter
thickened
:
so
that
it
being
taken
out
,
and
put
in
chestes
or
tubbes
and
coled
,
maye
congeale
:
the
whiche
is
best
done
,
when
the
water
is
brought
to
least
quantitie
,
taking
it
out
and
putting
it
into
a
lesse
caudron
,
wherein
it
will
sooner
congeale
:
the
whiche
water
being
tasted
,
and
séene
to
bée
brought
to
suche
passe
,
to
bée
reade
to
congeale
,
you
maye
take
it
out
,
and
put
it
in
vesselles
of
wood
,
or
of
earth
that
are
rough
within
,
with
certayne
stickes
of
wood
,
to
congeale
,
and
so
you
shall
let
it
coole
,
and
rest
.
iij
.
or
iiij
.
daies
,
so
as
it
maye
drop
,
and
be
strayned
through
some
litle
hole
,
in
the
bottom
of
the
vessell
:
and
all
the
water
that
is
not
then
congealed
,
you
must
take
out
and
saue
for
to
séeth
againe
:
and
the
Saltpeter
that
is
in
anye
quantitie
congealed
,
you
shall
finde
to
bée
,
according
to
the
vertue
that
was
in
the
water
,
or
in
the
earth
:
but
the
clerenesse
and
fairnesse
thereof
,
will
come
of
the
maister
vertue
of
the
water
,
that
is
put
into
it
in
the
boyling
,
which
hath
strength
to
purgeit
,
and
make
it
come
,
as
it
were
refined
in
the
first
séething
:
nowe
this
being
taken
from
the
sides
of
the
vessell
,
where
it
congealed
,
and
in
the
water
therof
washed
,
you
must
laye
it
vpon
a
table
to
drie
throughlye
:
and
the
same
séeming
vnto
you
to
haue
néede
,
or
neuerthelesse
minding
to
haue
it
aboue
the
common
vse
,
for
some
purpose
,
more
purefied
,
&
without
earthy
grosnesse
,
&
altogether
without
fatnesse
and
saltnesse
,
whiche
for
to
make
excéeding
fine
pouder
,
or
aqua
fortis
,
is
most
requisit
so
to
be
:
to
be
short
,
for
what
so
euer
cause
it
oughte
to
be
refined
,
I
councell
you
,
to
do
it
after
one
of
these
ij
.
wayes
,
whiche
here
following
,
I
shall
teach
you
.
The
first
,
which
I
like
best
,
is
with
water
:
and
the
seconde
is
with
fire
,
with
water
it
is
refined
in
this
maner
,
taking
of
the
foresaid
mixture
made
of
lime
,
asshes
,
and
allome
dissolued
:
and
then
for
euerie
barrell
of
water
that
you
haue
put
in
the
cauldron
,
for
to
disolue
the
Saltepeter
,
you
muste
put
into
it
sixe
pottefulls
of
the
foresayd
strong
water
:
and
in
the
same
quantitie
of
water
so
prepared
,
put
so
muche
Saltpeter
as
you
thinke
maye
well
be
dissolued
:
and
with
boyling
make
it
to
resolue
verye
well
,
and
séeing
it
in
boyling
too
haue
caste
vp
scum
,
you
shall
then
take
it
oute
of
the
cauldron
,
and
put
it
into
a
tubbe
,
in
the
bottome
where
of
,
you
muste
firste
haue
put
fower
fingers
thicknes
of
fine
sande
cleane
washed
,
and
that
muste
be
couered
with
a
linnen
clothe
:
and
by
a
littell
hoole
made
in
the
bottome
of
the
tubbe
,
you
shall
suffer
it
to
droppe
by
littell
and
littell
into
some
other
vessell
set
vnder
to
receiue
it
:
&
so
this
water
thus
strained
,
you
must
after
put
in
the
verie
same
or
in
an
other
cauldron
to
boile
agayne
,
and
to
make
the
greater
parte
of
the
same
water
,
that
you
put
into
it
séethe
awaye
:
fynally
make
it
boyle
so
muche
,
vntill
you
sée
it
readie
to
thicken
,
powering
nowe
and
than
,
in
making
it
,
a
littell
of
the
foresayde
strong
water
,
and
speciallye
when
it
swelleth
and
casteth
vp
scum
:
and
this
thing
(
being
soo
handled
)
you
muste
take
it
oute
of
the
cawldron
,
and
put
it
in
chestes
or
other
vessells
of
wood
,
to
congeale
:
whiche
,
being
a
greate
quantitie
,
in
thrée
or
fower
dayes
,
you
shall
finde
all
that
congealed
,
which
will
congeale
:
which
,
being
taken
oute
,
you
muste
order
as
you
vsed
afore
the
other
:
and
the
same
water
that
is
not
congealed
,
muste
be
boyled
agayne
:
and
so
you
shall
doo
from
time
to
time
as
it
gathereth
together
and
congealeth
:
and
after
this
sorte
you
shall
make
the
Saltepeter
moste
white
and
faire
,
and
much
better
thē
at
the
firste
séething
.
Also
saltepeter
is
refined
in
an
other
manner
,
whiche
is
with
fire
,
but
in
a
littell
quantitie
mynding
to
doo
it
well
:
and
although
it
be
a
readie
waye
,
yet
fewe
vse
it
:
albeit
it
serueth
to
get
oute
the
fatnes
of
saltepeter
,
for
that
it
sendethe
into
the
bottome
verye
muche
yearthynes
,
notwithstanding
I
like
better
the
foresaide
waye
in
purging
it
with
water
,
then
this
with
fire
:
But
to
doo
this
,
take
a
salet
,
or
some
other
yron
or
brasen
vessell
,
and
fill
it
with
Saltpeter
,
and
couer
it
with
a
couer
of
yron
,
brasse
or
yearth
,
soo
that
it
be
made
bigge
inoughe
,
méete
to
bée
taken
of
and
put
on
when
you
liste
,
that
the
vessell
maye
be
well
couered
:
and
then
it
muste
bée
set
in
the
middest
of
a
good
fire
of
cooles
,
and
so
the
Saltepeter
will
melte
,
whiche
is
soone
perceyued
of
the
experte
artificer
:
but
when
you
thinke
that
it
is
molte
,
looke
vpon
it
:
and
if
it
be
not
well
molten
,
couer
it
agayne
and
let
it
melte
well
:
then
it
béeing
well
molten
,
take
brimstone
mooste
finelye
beaten
in
powlder
,
and
strawe
some
thereon
:
and
if
of
it selfe
it
take
not
fire
,
doo
you
kindell
it
:
and
being
kindeled
let
it
burne
till
suche
time
as
the
brimstone
be
all
consumed
,
so
that
nothing
ells
be
burnte
,
but
the
vpper
parte
,
and
certayne
grosse
vnctiousnes
of
the
Saltepeter
,
the
whiche
when
it
is
burned
,
will
leaue
the
reste
faire
and
cleare
:
and
then
it
muste
bée
taken
from
the
fire
letting
it
coole
,
where
in
the
vesseell
you
shall
find
it
(
when
it
shal
be
coulde
)
all
in
one
péece
white
like
vnto
a
péece
of
marbell
:
and
all
the
yearthinesse
thereof
remayning
in
the
bottome
:
whiche
shal
be
good
saltepeter
to
make
powlder
withall
,
but
not
verie
commendable
to
anie
other
vse
:
and
aboute
saltepeter
the
witte
of
men
haue
so
muche
imagened
,
that
meanes
are
founde
to
cause
it
to
growe
in
the
grounde
,
and
in
places
:
that
neuer
had
anie
before
,
by
disoluing
Saltepeter
in
water
:
for
with
the
same
water
wetting
the
grounde
,
and
letting
it
stande
so
a
certayne
space
of
time
,
saltepeter
wil
be
ingendred
,
so
that
the
same
that
was
put
there
,
will
multiplie
wonderfully
:
and
it
is
a
moste
certayne
thing
,
that
in
making
Saltepeter
,
the
yearthe
that
hathe
béene
occupied
,
heaped
vp
in
a
place
that
is
couered
,
so
that
the
rayne
do
not
washe
it
,
within
the
space
of
fiue
or
sixe
yeres
,
maye
agayne
bée
laboured
,
and
Saltpeter
shal
be
founde
to
be
ingendred
,
and
yéelde
much
more
,
then
it
dyd
the
first
time
:
&
this
that
I
haue
declared
in
this
chapter
,
is
as
much
as
I
can
saye
of
Saltpeter
.
¶
The
maner
howe
to
make
all
sortes
of
Gunpouder
.
Chapter
xxiiii
.
GVnpouder
,
is
made
of
three
simples
onely
:
that
is
,
saltpeter
,
Brimstone
and
Coales
:
and
some
proportioneth
it
after
one
fashion
,
and
some
after
an
other
,
and
also
according
to
the
Gunnes
,
and
purposes
,
wherewith
they
will
occupye
it
.
For
that
one
sorte
is
occupied
for
great
ordinaunce
,
and
an
other
sorte
for
lesse
péeces
:
and
this
is
knowen
to
euerye
Bombardier
:
In
Harkabuses
,
and
hande
gunnes
,
is
not
occupied
common
pouder
,
but
aboute
certayne
fire
woorkes
:
and
therefore
to
euerye
of
the
sayde
purposes
,
the
pouders
is
proporcioned
accordingly
For
that
if
Serpentine
pouder
,
should
be
occupied
in
hande
gunnes
,
or
Harkebuses
,
it
woulde
scant
be
able
to
driue
their
pellettes
a
quaites
caste
from
their
mouthes
:
and
if
hande
gunne
pouder
shoulde
bée
vsed
in
péeces
of
ordinaunce
,
without
great
discretion
,
it
woulde
quickely
breake
or
marre
them
:
and
to
minde
to
haue
all
sorte
of
pouders
good
,
thrée
thinges
is
requisit
to
bée
obserued
,
in
making
therof
.
The
first
is
to
sée
,
that
the
substaunce
,
wherewith
it
is
made
,
haue
no
earthie
grossenesse
.
The
seconde
,
that
it
be
finely
beaten
:
the
thirde
,
that
it
bée
verye
well
dried
,
from
all
humiditie
or
moistenesse
,
and
this
doone
,
you
shall
haue
strong
and
excellent
good
pouder
.
And
it
is
to
be
vnderstanded
,
that
the
chiefe
thing
that
is
in
pouder
,
is
Saltpeter
:
for
that
of
it
(
by
the
same
that
is
séene
)
dependeth
all
the
forse
.
And
therefore
prouision
is
to
be
made
,
to
haue
a
good
quantitie
thereof
,
and
that
it
be
cleane
and
nete
:
the
which
by
burning
,
maie
well
be
knowen
,
for
that
in
all
sortes
of
pouder
,
it
is
néedefull
,
that
the
Saltpeter
be
good
.
Now
,
for
to
make
common
pouder
,
for
greate
péeces
of
artillerie
there
must
be
taken
thrée
partes
,
of
refined
Saltpeter
,
twoo
of
Willowe
cooles
,
&
one
of
Brimstone
,
and
grinding
euery
thing
:
all
muste
be
well
mingled
together
,
&
all
the
moistnesse
thereof
dried
vp
,
as
I
haue
saide
.
To
make
pouder
for
small
péeces
of
artillerye
,
there
muste
be
taken
fiue
partes
,
of
refined
Saltpeter
,
and
one
and
a
halfe
of
Cooles
,
and
one
of
Brimstone
,
&
grinding
it
moste
finelie
,
and
mingling
it
well
together
,
it
muste
be
corned
,
and
then
dried
.
The
maner
of
corning
all
sortes
of
pouder
,
is
with
a
Séeue
made
,
with
a
thicke
skinne
of
Parchement
,
full
of
little
round
holes
,
into
the
whiche
Séeue
the
pouder
muste
be
put
,
while
it
is
dancke
,
and
also
a
little
bowle
,
that
when
you
sifte
,
it
maie
roule
vp
and
doune
,
vpon
the
clottes
of
pouder
,
to
breake
them
,
that
it
maie
corne
,
and
runne
throughe
the
hooles
of
the
Séeue
.
To
make
Harkebuse
and
hande
Gunne
pouder
,
there
muste
be
taken
tenne
partes
of
refined
saltpeter
,
and
one
of
young
hasell
cooles
of
a
yeare
olde
made
cleane
,
and
one
parte
of
Brimstone
,
and
beating
all
in
a
mortar
,
or
grinding
it
excedingly
well
that
it
maye
be
mingled
together
and
so
fine
as
is
possible
,
thē
it
muste
be
corned
and
throughlie
dried
.
And
note
that
if
it
be
not
marueylously
well
beaten
,
it
wil
neuer
be
good
.
But
because
making
of
pouder
,
whiche
are
of
thinges
that
will
easylie
kindell
,
cannot
be
withoute
perrill
of
him
that
maketh
it
,
excepte
it
bée
remedied
with
wetting
:
therefore
it
behoueth
to
take
héede
that
it
be
not
beaten
drie
,
as
well
to
auoyde
suche
perrill
,
as
also
for
that
it
will
be
beaten
better
:
for
whiche
causes
it
muste
be
wet
with
comun
water
to
a
certaine
degrée
of
moistenes
,
so
that
taken
vp
in
ones
hande
it
maye
cling
together
.
Some
moiste
it
with
vineger
:
and
some
,
for
to
make
it
more
stronger
,
with
camphored
,
aqua
vitae
.
When
I
haue
caused
gunpouder
to
bée
made
,
I
haue
vsed
comun
water
,
&
therefore
I
am
able
to
saye
whiche
of
those
thinges
is
beste
:
and
to
tell
my
opinion
,
I
doubt
whether
vineger
or
,
aqua
vitae
,
causeth
the
gunpoulder
to
be
any
better
then
the
comun
water
:
for
as
much
they
vaporyng
awaye
,
as
they
doo
,
&
as
of
necessitie
they
must
,
I
beléeue
that
littell
of
their
substance
remayneth
.
There
bée
some
whiche
in
making
coole
(
béesides
willow
)
make
thē
of
hasell
:
&
some
of
vyne
stickes
:
&
some
of
baye
stickes
:
some
of
réedes
:
some
of
kexses
:
&
to
bée
shorte
,
all
the
cooles
that
are
made
of
softe
wood
,
are
of
wood
which
haue
much
pith
:
but
it
is
requisit
that
they
be
smalle
,
yong
,
and
tender
,
and
withoute
hardenes
of
knottes
:
otherwyse
they
be
not
good
.
Albeit
they
be
made
in
diuers
maners
:
but
in
making
of
any
great
quantitie
of
pouder
,
the
ordinarie
coole
is
to
be
taken
:
and
makyng
a
littell
,
they
vse
to
take
yong
hasell
of
a
yeare
olde
,
cut
in
shorte
péeces
,
and
they
putting
them
into
a
greate
yearthen
potte
,
Howe
too
make
coole
where
with
gunpoulder
is
made
.
or
other
vessell
of
yron
,
or
brasse
,
they
shutte
it
and
couer
it
close
,
and
lute
it
,
or
daube
it
very
well
aboute
,
so
that
it
cannot
breathe
:
and
then
they
make
fire
rounde
aboute
it
and
vpon
it
,
till
suche
time
as
it
maye
bée
thoughte
that
the
heate
is
well
entred
in
through
all
,
and
that
the
wood
that
is
within
is
very
well
fired
:
and
without
fire-brandes
,
or
flame
,
burned
onely
through
suche
heate
:
and
then
they
take
the
fire
from
the
potte
and
let
it
coole
,
and
so
they
finde
the
same
wood
become
cole
.
I
hapning
once
to
haue
néede
of
coles
(
to
thintent
to
make
some
quicklie
,
)
toke
as
manie
drie
hasel
stickes
that
had
their
rindes
scrapes
of
,
as
I
thought
sufficiente
to
serue
my
purpose
:
and
breaking
them
in
péeces
and
laying
them
close
together
on
a
heape
,
I
set
them
on
fire
and
burned
them
all
well
,
and
then
sprinckeled
water
vpon
them
with
a
browne
,
and
with
the
same
wet
browme
quenched
the
fire
:
and
so
scattered
abrode
the
coles
héere
&
there
,
alwayes
sprinckling
water
vpon
thē
till
I
quenched
them
:
and
thus
I
haue
serued
my
purpose
withoute
so
muche
difficultie
.
Moreouer
,
it
is
a
verie
profitable
thing
,
yea
and
a
necessarie
,
that
I
declare
the
maner
and
facilitie
of
beating
it
,
for
to
be
able
safelie
to
make
a
greate
quantetie
thereof
.
In
olde
time
they
were
wonte
to
grinde
gunpouder
with
certayne
handemilles
,
as
they
vse
to
grinde
corne
,
but
(
besides
the
paine
)
it
is
a
waye
verie
perrillous
:
for
that
suche
a
composition
grounde
together
with
stones
,
will
catche
heate
in
suche
wyse
,
that
it
will
soone
ingender
fire
,
inespecially
euery
thing
being
a
matter
disposed
to
fire
:
as
also
by
rubbing
together
with
violence
a
couple
of
baye
stickes
,
you
shall
straighte
waye
kendel
fire
.
Some
grinde
pouder
in
suche
milles
as
they
vse
to
grinde
crabbes
or
apples
to
make
vargis
or
sider
:
and
some
hath
it
stamped
in
morters
with
a
water
mille
or
a
horsemill
,
whiche
waye
is
the
beste
of
all
other
,
and
moste
surest
and
also
it
is
beaten
finelier
,
and
with
lesse
labour
and
payne
:
Some
(
that
hath
not
the
commodetie
of
water
)
make
a
greate
whéele
,
deuised
after
such
sorte
,
that
with
the
cogges
thereof
it
may
raise
vp
many
heauy
pestels
,
which
falling
,
beate
in
diuers
morters
of
woodde
made
in
a
beame
of
oke
,
of
the
whiche
there
be
some
haue
the
bottomes
of
brasse
.
Some
stampe
with
their
armes
,
with
a
greate
pestel
tied
to
the
ende
of
a
pole
with
a
corde
,
righte
euer
a
morter
of
wood
or
brasse
,
and
so
they
bease
the
easelier
:
other
some
beate
it
in
a
stone
morter
,
with
the
mouthe
some
what
large
,
with
a
wooden
pestell
,
with
the
handell
thereof
made
like
vnto
a
hammer
or
a
mall
.
And
these
,
and
other
,
that
maye
be
made
,
is
as
much
as
aboute
the
deeuise
of
bealing
and
making
gun
pouder
is
néedefull
.
They
haue
vsed
heretofore
to
waighe
euery
matter
by
it selfe
,
and
then
they
haue
gone
mingling
and
beating
all
together
:
There
haue
béene
after
,
some
that
haue
deuised
to
beate
euery
thing
seuerallye
by
it selfe
,
and
then
mingelled
altogether
and
made
it
.
But
finally
the
beste
and
moste
readiesse
waye
,
is
to
take
a
quantetie
of
Saltepeter
,
wherewith
you
will
make
youre
poulder
,
and
put
it
into
a
catildron
with
so
much
water
(
as
being
set
vpon
the
fire
)
maye
be
thought
sufficiente
to
dissoule
it
:
whiche
so
sone
as
it
is
resolued
,
muste
be
taken
of
and
set
on
the
grounde
in
a
colde
place
:
and
the
quantetie
of
beaten
coles
that
is
sufficiente
,
muste
be
put
into
it
,
and
so
sturring
it
aboute
,
muste
be
mingled
well
with
the
Saltpeter
dissolued
:
and
then
taking
youre
brimstone
finely
beaten
in
pouder
,
and
with
a
staffe
stirring
aboute
the
coles
and
the
Saltepeter
,
you
muste
strawe
it
finely
vpon
the
same
,
as
well
as
you
can
,
with
continuall
sturring
and
mingling
them
together
,
whiche
composition
thus
made
,
you
muste
then
drie
somewhat
in
the
sunne
:
and
then
to
haue
it
excellently
well
made
,
there
néedeth
no
other
to
be
done
,
but
to
beate
it
alltogether
,
to
the
intente
that
it
maye
incorporate
moste
finely
,
whiche
done
,
you
muste
drie
it
with
moste
greate
diligence
:
and
then
si●t
it
very
well
through
a
sieue
,
and
moisting
it
againe
with
water
or
vineger
,
sturring
it
somewhat
together
in
a
sieue
,
you
maye
corne
it
as
alreadie
hath
bene
declared
:
and
then
againe
for
to
occupye
it
aboute
your
businesse
your
muste
daye
it
well
:
and
so
being
dried
put
it
into
daye
vessels
of
wood
to
kéepe
:
and
set
it
in
the
highest
places
of
your
house
,
where
few
commeth
for
diuers
respectes
:
and
though
it
were
for
no
other
,
at
least
to
kéepe
it
drie
.
They
tha●
are
expert
,
knowe
good
pouder
in
this
maner
,
by
the
colour
:
for
that
if
it
be
very
blacke
it
is
a
signe
that
it
is
made
with
very
muche
coles
:
or
that
it
is
moyste
:
and
when
you
rubbe
it
vppon
a
peece
of
paper
it
will
blacke
it
more
then
it
ought
to
doo
:
and
drawing
it
with
your
finger
,
you
maye
sée
whether
it
bée
finely
beaten
or
no
:
for
it
muste
bée
so
much
beaten
that
nothing
,
neither
of
Saltepeter
nor
of
Brimstone
bee
diserned
in
anye
,
wise
:
for
with
reason
they
oughte
not
to
bée
seene
:
they
take
also
for
a
triall
,
thrée
or
foure
cornes
of
pouder
,
and
laye
them
vpon
a
white
Paper
,
distaunte
thrée
fingers
,
the
one
from
the
other
,
and
fire
one
of
them
:
and
if
the
pouder
bée
good
,
you
shall
sée
them
all
to
fire
at
ones
:
so
that
there
shall
bée
no
residence
remayning
,
neither
grossenesse
of
Brimstone
,
nor
of
Saltpeter
,
nor
of
any
other
thing
,
and
the
paper
not
burnte
.
And
if
it
be
not
so
founde
,
then
knowe
that
it
is
euyll
made
,
or
not
good
,
but
full
of
earth●nesse
of
Saltepeter
:
or
that
it
is
moyst
,
so
that
it
is
naught
for
shooting
of
ordinaunce
,
besides
the
perill
that
it
putteth
them
in
.
And
vndoubtedl●e
naughtye
pouder
,
is
a
cost
halfe
caste
awaye
:
and
it
is
a
great
faulte
in
him
that
maketh
it
,
or
that
causeth
it
to
bée
made
:
for
that
in
time
of
néede
,
it
is
of
no
effecte
,
and
causeth
muche
shame
to
the
Gunners
,
which
occupie
it
:
and
therefore
diligence
oughte
to
bée
vsed
,
and
good
héede
taken
that
it
be
made
according
as
I
haue
taughte
.
There
are
manye
whiche
bring
vp
lies
,
saying
:
that
they
can
tell
howe
to
make
pouder
that
shoting
it
in
gunnes
shall
make
no
noise
,
the
whiche
is
impossible
,
the
fire
and
the
ai●e
violentlye
incountering
together
,
where
besides
th●t
they
are
not
able
to
do
the
same
they
saye
,
with
a
péece
of
ordinance
,
they
are
lesse
able
to
do
it
with
one
of
those
potgunnes
of
elder
,
that
boyes
vse
to
shut
paper
and
slowes
in
,
by
the
noise
of
which
,
maye
well
be
perceiued
,
that
all
proceadeth
of
breaking
of
the
ayre
.
Also
there
be
manye
that
saye
,
that
they
can
make
white
pouder
,
that
shall
not
blacke
ones
handes
,
by
putting
in
a
certaine
thing
in
the
stéede
of
cooles
:
some
other
,
redde
,
with
dried
red
flowres
:
and
other
blewe
,
with
blew
flowers
:
some
other
saye
that
to
make
the
pouder
of
more
force
and
strength
,
that
it
is
very
good
to
put
to
euery
pounde
of
brimstone
an
ounce
of
mercurie
,
the
brimstone
being
first
put
in
by
a
litle
,
and
a
litle
.
Moreouer
there
are
some
other
that
saye
,
that
for
to
make
the
like
,
there
ought
to
be
put
to
euery
pound
of
Saltpeter
,
a
quarter
of
an
ounce
of
Salt
armoniack
:
some
other
therebe
also
,
whiche
saye
that
in
the
stéede
of
coales
,
it
is
better
to
take
linen
cloth
and
to
burne
it
to
tinder
,
and
therwith
to
make
pouder
,
whiche
is
more
excellenter
then
anye
other
coale
that
is
possible
to
be
vsed
,
about
suche
a
purpose
.
And
although
that
in
my
iudgement
I
haue
declared
alréedy
the
best
receites
,
that
is
for
the
making
of
all
sortes
of
gunpouder
,
yet
to
the
intent
that
it
may
be
vnderstande
howe
much
men
haue
trauayled
and
imagened
to
bring
the
same
to
all
perfection
,
I
haue
thought
good
to
showe
herefollowing
diuers
moe
receiptes
both
good
and
bad
,
which
for
the
making
of
pouder
hath
béene
experiensed
of
sundrie
men
.
The
first
inuention
and
oldest
maner
in
making
of
sarpentine
pouder
,
or
pouder
for
ordinaunce
.
-
1
Saltepeter
i
.
parte
.
-
Brimstone
i
.
parte
-
Coles
i
.
parte
.
The
nexte
practis
of
making
pouder
for
ordinaunce
.
-
2.
Saltepter
iij
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
ii
.
partes
.
-
Coles
ii
.
partes
.
¶
Pouder
for
ordinaunce
of
a
newer
making
.
-
3.
Saltepeter
x
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
iij
.
partes
.
-
Coles
iij
.
partes
.
¶
Pouder
for
ordinaunce
not
so
olde
.
-
4.
Saltpeter
xij
.
partes
-
Brimstone
iij
.
partes
.
-
Coles
.
ii
.
partes
.
Pouder
for
ordinaunce
not
verie
olde
.
-
5.
Saltpeter
ix
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
ij
.
partes
.
-
Coles
iij
.
partes
.
Pouder
vsed
of
late
daies
for
handgunnes
.
-
6.
Saltpeter
iiii
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
i
.
parte
-
Coles
i
.
parte
.
Pouder
for
ordinaunce
vsed
not
so
long
ago●
.
-
7.
Saltepeter
xx
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
iii
.
partes
.
-
Coles
x
.
partes
.
¶
Pouder
for
ordinaunce
vsed
of
latter
daies
.
-
8.
Saltepeter
x
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
x
.
partes
.
-
Coles
xxxvj
.
partes
.
¶
Grossepouder
of
a
newer
sorte
.
-
9.
Saltpeter
x
.
partes
-
Brimstone
xx
.
partes
.
-
Colds
.
xxxvii
.
partes
.
¶
Fine
pouder
of
a
making
not
very
olde
.
-
10.
Saltpeter
ix
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
iij
.
partes
.
-
Coles
v.
partes
.
¶
Grosse
pouder
of
a
newer
making
.
-
11.
Saltepeter
ij
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
i
.
parte
.
-
Coles
.
i
.
parte
.
Harkabus
pouder
of
a
newer
making
.
-
12.
Saltpeter
iij
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
.
i
.
parte
.
-
Coles
of
willowe
stickes
i
.
parte
.
¶
Fine
pouder
of
a
newer
making
.
-
13.
Saltpeter
often
refined
v.
partes
-
Brimstone
i
.
parte
.
-
Coles
of
young
hasell
stickes
i
.
parte
.
¶
Grosse
pouder
of
a
newer
making
.
-
14.
Saltpeter
refined
iij
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
i
.
parte
.
-
Willowe
coles
ii
.
partes
Pouder
of
a
newer
making
.
-
15.
Saltpeter
x
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
ii
.
partes
.
-
Willow
coles
iii
.
partes
.
¶
Harkabus
pouder
vsed
nowe
adayes
.
-
16.
Saltpeter
very
often
●●fined
x
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
i
.
parte
.
-
Coles
made
of
Hasell
●●●gges
with
th●●
like
pilled
i
.
parte
.
Hand
gun
pouder
of
a
newer
making
-
17.
Saltpeter
refined
xvi
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
iii
.
partes
-
Coles
of
hasell
hauing
their
rindes
pilled
of
.iiij.
partes
.
¶
Handgun
pouder
of
a
stronger
and
of
a
newer
making
.
-
18.
Saltpeter
refined
vij
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
.
i
.
parte
.
-
Coles
of
young
hasell
i
.
parte
.
¶
Finer
and
stronger
handegun
pouder
.
-
19.
Saltpeter
diuers
times
refined
viij
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
i
.
parte
.
-
Coles
of
young
hasell
twigges
hauing
their
rindes
pilled
of
i
.
part
.
¶
Grosse
pouder
vsed
nowe
a
daies
.
-
20.
Saltpeter
iiij
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
i
.
parte
.
-
Willowe
coles
i
.
parte
.
¶
Grosse
pouder
vsed
nowe
adayes
.
-
21.
Saltpeter
xx
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
iiii
.
partes
.
-
Willow
coles
v.
partes
.
¶
Handegun
pouder
vsed
nowe
a
daies
.
-
22.
Saltpeter
refined
drie
xlviii
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
cetrine
vii
.
partes
-
Hasell
coles
ii
.
partes
.
Handegun
pouder
vsed
nowe
adaies
.
-
23.
Saltpeter
refined
xviii
.
partes
.
-
Brimstone
ii
.
partes
.
-
Hasel
coles
iii
.
partes
.
¶
The
maner
that
is
vsed
of
charging
and
shooting
of
ordinaunce
.
Cap.
xxv
.
FOr
asmuche
as
if
Gunners
should
chaunce
to
bée
slaine
or
otherwise
lacking
,
to
the
intent
that
euery
souldiour
in
time
time
of
néede
maye
knowe
how
to
serue
in
one
of
their
stéedes
,
I
haue
thought
good
and
necessarye
to
shew
and
declare
the
maner
of
charging
&
shooting
of
péeces
of
ordinaunce
.
Wherfore
it
ought
to
bée
vnderstoode
,
howe
muche
pouder
is
occupied
at
once
in
charching
of
euery
péese
,
whiche
moste
commonly
,
is
is
twoo
thirde
partes
,
of
that
which
the
shotte
or
bullet
thereof
wayeth
:
as
for
example
if
the
boolet
of
a
péese
of
ordinaunce
waighe
.xxi.
pounde
,
then
there
must
bée
taken
.xiiii.
pounde
of
pouder
for
the
iuste
charge
of
the
same
péese
.
And
then
with
a
long
staffe
that
hath
at
the
one
ende
a
bob
as
big
as
the
boolet
of
the
péese
,
and
at
the
other
ende
a
ladle
made
for
the
same
purpose
that
will
take
so
muche
pouder
vp
at
twise
or
thrise
,
as
is
aforesayd
,
the
péese
must
be
charged
,
after
this
fort
.
Take
the
ladle
full
of
pouder
,
and
thrust
it
into
the
Gunne
so
farre
as
it
will
go
,
&
then
turne
your
hande
with
the
ladle
that
the
pouder
maye
fall
out
&
remaine
there
behinde
when
you
pull
out
your
ladle
:
whiche
done
,
you
muste
with
the
bob
ende
thereof
,
thrust
the
pouder
home
faire
and
softelye
:
and
so
with
the
ladle
taking
vp
the
rest
of
the
pouder
you
must
doo
likewise
,
and
thrust
after
at
the
last
a
wispe
of
hey
or
of
some
thing
els
,
to
swepe
all
the
poulder
together
,
and
then
the
bullet
whiche
muste
bée
of
a
fit
biggnesse
for
the
péese
:
And
also
an
other
wispe
to
staye
the
bollet
for
roling
oute
:
and
putting
some
pouder
in
the
touchehole
and
aboute
the
touchchole
,
the
Gunne
is
then
charged
.
Nowe
to
leuell
it
,
a
man
must
stande
directly
behinde
it
,
and
with
a
leuer
,
tourne
it
this
waye
,
or
that
waye
till
suche
time
as
it
be
broughte
to
lie
iuste
,
as
a
man
will
haue
it
,
so
that
looking
straighte
from
the
breache
or
hinder
parte
of
the
péece
as
lowe
as
maye
bée
vpon
the
vpper
parte
thereof
,
he
maye
sée
the
mouth
of
the
péece
to
lye
euen
with
the
marke
and
as
it
were
to
couer
it
:
whiche
done
,
if
the
grounde
wheron
it
standeth
,
bée
euen
,
as
it
is
requisite
to
bée
,
and
that
the
one
whele
stande
not
higher
then
the
other
,
giuing
fire
to
it
with
a
linte
stocke
whiche
is
a
matche
fastened
to
the
end
of
a
staffe
of
a
yarde
or
twoo
yardes
long
,
you
shall
sée
the
shot
to
strike
the
same
thing
that
you
shot
at
,
if
it
bée
within
anye
reasonable
distance
.
And
for
more
spéedie
shoting
of
ordinaunce
,
the
iuste
charge
in
pouder
of
euerye
péece
may
aforhande
be
prepared
in
a
readinesse
,
and
put
in
bagges
of
linnen
or
in
great
papers
made
for
the
same
purpose
,
which
in
a
sodaine
may
be
chopt
into
the
mouth
of
a
péece
with
the
boollet
or
shot
thereof
thrust
after
,
as
farre
as
they
will
go
,
and
then
thrusting
a
long
wyer
into
the
touchehole
that
maye
perse
through
the
bagge
or
paper
wherin
the
charge
of
pouder
lieth
within
the
péece
,
filling
the
same
touchehole
with
corne
pouder
so
soone
as
it
is
leueled
,
it
maye
incontinent
be
shot
of
:
whiche
maner
of
charging
is
done
most
quickely
and
a
great
deale
sooner
then
any
other
waye
,
and
when
haste
requires
,
very
néedefull
.
¶
How
to
get
out
quickely
the
nailes
that
should
happen
by
treason
,
or
otherwise
to
be
driuen
into
the
toucheholes
of
ordinaunce
.
Cap.
xxvi
.
IF
it
shoulde
fortune
at
some
sodaine
assault
,
the
toucheholes
of
the
artillerie
to
be
nayled
vp
,
after
suche
sorte
as
they
cannot
be
discharged
,
or
shot
of
,
the
speediest
waye
to
vnnaile
them
,
is
firste
to
charge
againe
all
suche
péeces
of
artillerie
,
with
smaller
bulletes
thē
their
ordinarye
:
and
when
they
are
so
charged
,
to
leuel
them
towarde
those
places
where
néede
requires
,
euen
as
they
shoulde
haue
béene
,
if
they
had
not
béene
nailed
:
and
then
there
must
bée
made
a
traine
of
pouder
,
along
the
bottome
of
the
canes
,
from
the
mouthes
to
the
bollettes
of
euerye
péece
of
ordinaunce
:
and
to
the
intente
not
to
shoote
them
in
vaine
,
you
maye
tarrye
for
occasion
,
and
occasion
seruing
to
shoote
them
,
you
maye
giue
fire
at
their
mouthes
,
where
besides
that
they
shall
doo
their
ordinarie
effectes
,
they
shall
all
in
the
discharging
,
bée
vnayled
,
blowing
oute
the
same
nailes
or
pinnes
of
yron
,
wherewith
their
toucheholes
were
stopped
:
and
so
doing
,
of
suche
nailing
there
shall
happen
no
great
harme
.
But
if
some
of
them
for
being
beating
in
harder
then
other
,
shoulde
chaunce
at
the
first
not
to
be
driuen
out
,
then
the
reméedye
is
,
to
charge
them
againe
,
&
to
shoote
them
of
,
after
the
saide
maner
,
putting
on
the
toucheholes
a
litle
oyle
made
very
hot
,
heating
also
first
the
place
that
is
nailed
,
with
a
burning
coale
,
making
moreouer
with
claye
,
vpon
the
péece
,
a
litle
cuppe
aboute
the
hole
,
that
maye
holde
the
hot
oile
that
is
poured
vpon
it
,
after
suche
sorte
,
that
through
the
heate
thereof
,
it
maye
soke
into
the
hole
with
the
yron
in
it
,
whereby
the
same
yron
shall
then
be
made
so
slippery
,
that
at
the
next
discharging
of
the
péese
,
the
fury
of
the
fire
most
easyly
shall
blow
it
oute
.
¶
How
much
the
artillerie
ought
to
be
esteemed
of
the
armies
now
a
daies
,
and
whether
the
same
opinion
of
them
whiche
is
had
vniuersally
,
be
trewe
,
Cap.
xxvij
.
COnsidering
howe
many
battailes
and
déedes
of
armes
,
were
made
of
the
Romanes
at
sundrie
times
,
there
is
come
vnto
mée
in
consideration
,
the
vniuersall
opinion
of
manye
men
,
which
is
,
the
if
in
those
times
there
had
béene
ordinaunce
,
the
Romaines
should
not
haue
bene
able
to
haue
conquered
,
nor
so
easyly
haue
won
the
countries
,
and
made
the
people
their
tributaries
,
as
they
dyd
,
nor
they
should
not
haue
in
any
maner
made
so
mightie
conquestes
.
They
saye
also
,
that
by
meane
of
this
instrument
of
fire
,
men
cannot
vse
,
nor
shewe
their
strength
and
vertue
,
as
they
might
in
olde
time
.
And
they
adde
a
third
thing
,
that
they
come
with
more
difficultie
to
fight
a
field
then
they
came
in
those
daies
,
nor
their
cannot
be
kéepte
in
them
the
orders
of
those
times
,
so
that
at
length
the
warre
shal
be
broughte
to
consiste
altogether
in
artillerie
.
And
minding
to
write
,
whether
such
opinion
be
true
,
and
howe
much
the
artillerie
hath
increased
,
or
deminished
the
strength
of
armies
,
and
whether
it
taketh
awaye
,
or
giueth
occasion
to
good
Capitaynes
to
do
valiauntlye
,
I
will
beginne
to
speake
concerning
their
firste
opinion
,
that
the
auncient
Romaine
armies
shoulde
not
haue
made
the
conquestes
whiche
they
did
,
if
the
ordinaunce
had
béene
in
those
dayes
.
To
which
answering
I
say
,
how
that
warre
is
made
eyther
to
defende
,
or
to
offende
.
Where
first
it
is
to
be
examenid
,
to
whom
these
twoo
maner
of
warres
causeth
moste
profite
,
or
most
hurte
.
And
albeit
there
is
what
to
say
of
either
part
,
notwithstanding
I
beleue
,
that
withoute
comparison
,
they
doo
more
harme
to
him
that
defendeth
,
thē
to
him
that
inuadeth
.
The
reason
is
,
that
he
that
defendeth
,
is
either
in
a
toune
,
or
in
a
campe
within
a
trenche
.
If
he
be
within
a
toune
,
this
toune
is
eyther
littell
,
as
the
moste
parte
of
fortresses
are
,
or
it
is
greate
.
In
the
first
case
,
he
that
defendeth
,
is
altogether
loste
:
for
that
the
violence
of
the
artillerie
is
suche
,
that
there
is
no
wall
,
how
greate
so
euer
it
be
,
which
in
few
dayes
it
battereth
not
doun
.
And
if
he
that
is
within
,
haue
not
space
inoughe
to
retire
,
bothe
with
diches
,
and
with
rampiers
,
he
is
ouer
come
,
because
he
is
not
abel
to
withstand
the
violence
of
the
enemye
,
whoo
throughe
the
breache
of
the
wall
,
will
after
enter
:
nor
in
this
case
,
the
artillerye
whiche
he
shoulde
haue
,
shall
not
helpe
him
:
for
that
this
is
a
generall
rule
,
that
where
men
in
a
throng
,
&
with
violence
may
go
,
the
artillerie
cannot
withold
them
.
Therfore
in
the
defence
of
a
toune
,
the
furie
of
the
enemies
cannot
be
withstand
.
Though
the
assaultes
the
which
are
not
thronged
,
but
scattered
,
which
be
called
scirmushes
be
easelye
withstode
.
And
they
whiche
goo
with
this
disorder
,
and
coldenesse
to
a
breache
of
a
walle
,
where
artillerye
is
,
doo
goo
to
a
manifeste
deathe
,
and
agaynste
them
the
artillerye
preuailethe
:
but
those
,
which
assaulte
a
breache
in
a
throng
harde
together
,
so
that
the
one
thrusteth
forwarde
the
other
if
they
be
not
holden
oute
of
diches
,
or
of
rampiers
,
they
enter
in
euerye
place
,
and
the
artillerye
kéepeth
them
not
backe
,
and
though
some
be
slaine
,
they
cannot
be
so
many
,
that
they
shall
not
let
the
victory
.
This
is
knowen
to
be
trew
,
by
many
expugnacions
of
tounes
made
in
Italy
,
and
in
especiallie
in
the
same
of
Briscia
:
for
as
much
as
the
same
Towne
being
rebelled
from
the
frenchemen
,
and
yet
the
fortresse
béeing
kept
for
the
King
of
Fraunce
,
the
Venetians
for
the
withstande
the
violence
,
which
from
the
same
might
come
into
the
toune
,
had
laid
all
the
stréete
full
of
Artillerie
,
which
descended
from
the
fortresse
to
the
Citie
,
&
they
planted
them
on
the
fronte
,
and
in
the
flanckes
,
and
in
euery
other
fit
place
.
Of
the
which
Mounsier
de
Fois
made
no
other
coumpte
,
but
with
his
squadrons
,
comming
downe
on
foote
passing
through
the
middest
of
them
,
gotte
the
citie
:
nor
it
was
not
knowen
that
he
receiued
by
those
any
notable
hurte
.
So
that
he
that
defendeth
him selfe
within
a
littell
Toune
(
as
hath
béene
sayde
)
and
findeth
the
walle
on
the
grounde
,
and
hathe
not
space
to
retire
with
rampiers
,
and
with
ditches
,
and
is
constrayned
to
truste
vpon
the
artillerye
,
is
ouercome
straight
way
.
If
thou
defendest
a
great
toune
,
&
where
thou
haste
commoditie
to
retire
,
yet
notwithstanding
withoute
comparison
,
the
artillerie
is
more
profitable
to
him
which
is
withoute
,
then
to
him
that
is
within
.
Firste
,
to
minde
to
haue
a
péece
of
Artillerie
hurte
those
without
,
thou
art
constrained
to
gette
thée
vp
with
it
from
the
playne
grounde
of
the
Toune
,
because
standing
vpon
the
plaine
grounde
,
euery
littell
bancke
and
rampier
that
the
enemy
maie
make
,
shall
cause
him
to
remaine
safe
,
and
thou
canste
not
hurts
him
,
so
that
being
driuen
to
stande
a
loofte
on
the
toppe
of
the
walle
,
or
in
what
so
euer
other
maner
on
highe
,
thou
drawest
after
thée
twoo
difficulties
.
The
firste
is
,
that
thou
canste
not
bring
vp
so
greate
and
mightye
péeses
of
artillerie
,
as
he
withoute
may
shoote
,
being
not
able
in
littell
spaces
to
handell
great
thinges
.
The
other
is
,
that
although
thou
couldest
bring
them
,
thou
canst
not
make
such
strong
&
sure
defence
for
to
saue
the
said
artillerie
from
dismounting
,
as
they
without
may
doo
,
being
on
the
ground
,
and
hauing
that
commoditie
&
that
roome
,
that
they
them selues
liste
.
So
that
it
is
impossible
for
him
that
defendeth
a
toune
,
to
kéepe
the
artillerie
on
high
places
,
when
they
which
are
withoute
haue
greate
ordinaunce
inough
.
And
if
they
be
driuen
to
come
with
thē
on
lowe
places
,
they
become
for
the
moste
parte
vprofitable
,
as
hath
bene
sayde
.
So
that
the
defence
of
the
citie
,
is
brought
to
be
defended
with
armes
,
as
in
olde
time
they
did
,
and
with
small
artillerie
.
Of
which
if
there
be
gotten
a
littell
profite
(
hauing
respecte
to
the
same
small
artillerie
)
there
is
gotten
so
much
incommoditie
,
as
counterpeaseth
the
commoditie
of
the
artillerie
:
for
as
much
as
hauing
respecte
to
the
same
,
they
make
the
walles
of
tounes
low
,
and
as
it
were
vnder
ground
in
diches
,
so
that
so
soone
as
they
come
to
the
battaile
at
hande
,
eyther
because
the
walles
are
battered
,
or
because
the
ditches
are
filled
vp
,
he
that
is
within
,
hath
much
more
disaduantage
,
then
he
shoulde
haue
had
in
times
paste
.
And
therefore
(
as
afore
is
sayde
)
these
instrumentes
helpeth
much
more
him
that
besiegeth
a
towne
,
then
he
that
is
besieged
.
Concerning
the
thirde
thing
,
to
lye
in
Campe
within
a
trenche
,
to
the
intente
not
to
fighte
the
fielde
but
at
thy
commoditie
,
or
aduauntage
,
I
saye
,
that
in
this
parte
thou
hast
no
more
remedy
ordinarelie
to
defende
thée
from
fighting
,
then
they
had
in
olde
time
.
And
sometimes
,
considering
the
artillerie
,
thou
haste
greater
disaduauntage
:
for
that
if
the
enemie
méete
with
thée
,
and
haue
a
littell
aduauntage
of
the
countrey
,
as
may
easely
chaunce
,
and
finde
him selfe
higher
then
thou
,
or
that
in
his
coming
thou
hast
not
yet
made
thy
banckes
or
rampiers
,
and
couered
thée
well
with
those
,
straight
waye
,
and
before
thou
haste
anie
remedie
,
he
vnlodgeth
thée
,
and
thou
arte
constrayned
to
issue
oute
of
thy
fortresse
,
&
come
to
fighte
:
the
whiche
happened
to
the
Spaniardes
in
the
battaile
of
Rauenna
,
whoo
being
fortefied
betwen
the
riuer
of
Ronco
,
and
a
bancke
,
because
they
lay
,
not
so
highe
as
sufficed
,
and
for
that
the
Frenchemen
had
a
littell
the
aduauntage
of
the
grounde
,
they
were
constrained
of
the
artillerye
to
issue
oute
of
their
Fortresse
,
and
come
to
fight
.
But
admit
that
the
place
,
which
thou
haste
taken
with
the
campe
,
were
muche
higher
,
then
the
other
againste
it
(
as
for
the
most
part
it
ought
to
be
)
and
that
the
banckes
or
rampiers
were
good
and
sure
,
so
that
by
meanes
of
the
situacion
,
and
thy
other
preparacions
the
enemie
durst
not
assaulte
thée
,
it
shall
come
in
this
case
to
those
maners
,
which
in
olde
time
it
came
,
when
one
was
with
his
army
in
place
not
possible
to
be
hurt
:
the
which
are
to
ouer
run
the
countrie
,
to
take
,
or
besiege
the
tounes
that
are
thy
friendes
,
to
stoppe
thée
thy
victualls
,
so
that
thou
shalte
be
constrained
of
some
necessetie
to
vnlodge
,
and
come
to
fight
the
field
,
where
the
artillerie
(
as
hereafter
shal
be
sayde
)
dooth
not
muche
hurte
.
Considering
then
what
kinde
of
warres
the
Romaines
made
,
and
seing
how
they
made
almoste
all
theyr
warre
to
inuade
other
men
,
and
not
for
to
defende
them selues
,
it
shal
be
séene
(
when
the
thinges
sayde
afore
be
trew
)
how
they
should
haue
had
more
aduauntage
,
and
muche
sooner
should
haue
made
their
conquestes
,
if
ordinaunce
had
béen
in
those
daies
.
Concerning
the
seconde
thing
,
that
men
cannot
shew
their
strength
,
as
they
mighte
in
olde
time
,
because
of
the
artillerye
,
I
saye
,
that
it
is
trewe
,
that
where
men
scattered
doo
shewe
it
,
they
stande
in
more
perrill
,
then
in
those
dayes
,
when
they
had
to
skale
a
Towne
,
or
to
make
like
assaultes
,
where
men
not
thronged
together
,
but
seuerally
the
one
from
the
other
did
apeare
.
It
is
also
trewe
that
the
Capitaines
,
and
headdes
of
armies
,
stande
more
subiecte
to
the
perrill
of
death
:
then
in
those
times
,
because
they
may
be
reached
with
artillerie
in
all
places
,
nor
it
helpeth
not
them
to
bée
in
the
rerewardes
,
garded
with
moste
strong
men
.
Not
withstanding
it
is
séene
,
that
the
one
and
the
other
of
these
twoo
perrills
,
doo
seldome
times
extraordinarie
hurtes
,
for
that
the
Tounes
well
appoincted
and
furnished
with
munition
are
not
scaled
,
nor
they
goo
not
with
weake
assaultes
to
assaulte
them
:
but
minding
to
winne
them
,
the
matter
is
broughte
to
a
siege
,
as
in
olde
time
they
did
.
And
in
those
,
which
neuerthelesse
are
won
by
assalte
,
the
perrills
are
not
much
greater
then
they
were
in
those
daies
:
for
that
also
in
those
times
,
they
which
defended
a
toune
,
lacked
not
thinges
to
throwe
and
shoote
,
the
which
(
though
they
were
not
so
furius
)
they
did
concerning
the
kylling
of
men
the
like
effecte
.
Concerning
the
death
of
Capitaynes
and
conducters
,
there
hath
béen
in
.xxiiij.
yeares
that
the
warre
was
of
late
dayes
in
Italy
,
lesse
examples
,
then
there
was
in
.x.
yeares
with
the
antiquetie
:
for
that
excepte
Counte
Lodouike
of
Mirandola
,
who
died
at
Ferare
,
when
the
Venecians
,
a
few
yeares
agon
,
assalted
the
same
state
,
and
the
Duke
of
Nemors
,
which
died
a
Cirignuola
,
there
hath
not
hapned
of
the
artillery
any
to
be
slaine
:
for
as
much
as
Mounsier
de
Fois
at
Rauenna
,
died
of
yron
,
and
not
of
fire
.
So
that
if
men
shew
not
perticularly
their
strengthes
,
it
groweth
not
of
the
artillerie
,
but
of
the
naughtie
orders
,
&
of
the
weakenes
of
the
armies
,
the
which
altogether
lacking
strength
,
cannot
show
it
in
parte
.
Cocerning
the
third
thing
sayde
of
them
,
that
men
cannot
come
to
hande
strokes
,
and
that
the
warre
shal
be
brought
to
stand
altogether
vpon
artillerie
,
I
saye
,
that
this
opinion
is
altogether
false
:
and
so
alwaies
shal
be
taken
of
those
,
who
according
to
the
auncient
vertue
will
occupie
their
armies
:
for
that
he
that
will
make
a
good
armie
,
it
behoueth
him
with
exercises
,
eyther
fained
,
or
trew
,
to
accustome
his
men
to
geue
the
charge
on
the
enemy
,
and
to
come
to
the
swordes
poincte
with
him
,
and
to
the
graspine
by
the
boosome
:
and
he
ought
to
grounde
him selfe
more
vpon
the
footemen
,
then
vpon
the
horsemen
.
And
when
he
shall
ground
him selfe
vpon
the
footemen
,
and
vpon
the
foresayde
maners
,
the
artillerie
becommeth
altogether
vnprofitable
.
For
that
with
more
facelity
,
the
footemen
in
aproching
néere
the
enemie
,
may
auoide
the
shot
of
the
artillery
,
then
they
were
able
in
olde
time
to
auoide
the
violence
of
Elifants
,
of
cartes
full
of
hookes
&
of
other
straunge
incounters
,
which
the
Romaine
footemen
incountered
withall
,
against
which
,
alwayes
they
founde
the
remedie
,
and
so
muche
more
easelie
they
should
haue
found
against
this
,
the
shorter
that
the
time
is
,
in
the
which
the
artillery
may
hurte
thée
,
then
the
same
was
,
in
the
which
the
Elifantes
&
the
cartes
were
able
to
hurte
:
for
as
much
as
they
in
the
middest
of
the
fighte
,
disordered
men
,
these
onelye
before
the
fighte
doo
trouble
men
:
the
which
impediment
the
footemen
easely
auoide
,
either
with
gowing
couered
by
the
nature
of
the
situacion
,
or
with
falling
downe
vpon
the
grounde
,
when
they
shoote
:
the
which
also
by
experience
hath
béens
séene
not
to
be
needefull
,
in
especially
to
be
defended
from
greate
ordinaunce
,
the
which
cannot
in
such
wyse
be
leuelled
,
because
if
they
gowe
highe
,
they
touche
thée
not
,
&
if
they
gow
lowe
,
they
will
not
come
néere
thée
.
Then
the
armies
being
come
to
hande
strokes
,
this
is
more
cleare
,
then
the
lighte
,
that
neyther
the
greate
,
nor
the
littell
can
after
hurt
thée
:
for
that
if
the
same
,
which
hath
the
artillery
,
be
before
,
it
becommeth
thy
prisoner
,
if
it
behind
,
it
hurteth
the
friende
before
thée
.
Againe
on
the
backe
it
cannot
hurte
thee
after
such
sorte
,
that
thou
art
not
able
to
gow
to
winne
it
,
and
it
commeth
to
follow
the
sayd
effect
.
Nor
this
nede
not
much
disputacion
:
for
that
there
hath
bene
séene
the
example
of
the
Suizers
,
whoo
at
Nauara
in
the
yere
of
our
Lorde
.1513
.
without
artillerie
,
and
withoute
horse
,
wente
to
incounter
the
Frenche
army
furnished
with
artillery
within
their
fortresse
,
and
they
ouerthrew
thē
withoute
hauing
any
impediment
thereby
:
and
the
reason
is
(
besides
the
thinges
told
afore
)
that
the
artillerie
mynding
to
haue
it
worke
,
hath
néede
to
be
garded
eyther
of
a
wall
,
or
of
ditches
,
or
of
banckes
.
And
when
it
lacketh
one
of
these
gardes
,
it
is
taken
,
or
becommeth
vnprofitable
,
as
it
happeneth
when
it
is
defended
with
men
,
for
when
they
chaunce
to
be
in
a
battaile
,
and
in
the
fight
on
the
lande
,
they
cannot
be
occupied
by
flanke
,
but
in
the
same
maner
,
that
the
antiquitie
occupied
the
instrumentes
to
shoote
,
which
they
placed
oute
of
the
squadrons
,
for
that
they
shoulde
fight
out
of
the
orders
,
and
alwayes
when
eyther
of
horsemen
,
or
of
other
they
were
charged
vpon
,
their
refuge
was
behinde
the
legions
:
he
that
otherwise
maketh
accompte
of
them
,
hath
no
skill
,
and
trusteth
vpon
a
thing
,
which
easely
may
deceyue
him
.
And
though
the
Turke
by
meanes
of
artillerie
,
against
the
Sophi
and
the
Soldan
,
hath
had
victory
,
it
hath
not
happened
through
other
meanes
,
then
through
the
feare
that
the
horsemen
were
put
in
by
the
straunge
rumor
thereof
.
Therefore
to
make
an
ende
of
this
discourse
,
I
conclude
,
that
the
artillerie
is
profitable
in
an
army
,
when
the
auncient
vertue
is
mingled
therewith
,
but
withoute
the
same
,
against
a
puisant
army
,
it
is
moste
vnprofitable
.
¶
Of
Muynes
and
placing
of
poulder
vnder
grounde
,
wherewith
inuinsible
fortresses
,
by
fire
maye
be
ruignated
,
when
ordinaunce
cannot
bee
brought
vnto
them
.
Capi
.
xxviiii
.
THe
better
and
greater
quantetie
of
poulder
which
is
put
in
a
Caue
that
is
made
to
ouerthrowe
a
Forte
or
Castel
,
the
greater
vndoutedlie
shal
be
the
effecte
thereof
:
which
caue
is
best
to
be
made
a
good
waye
within
the
ground
,
and
in
a
harde
place
,
to
the
intent
that
when
the
same
is
shutte
&
well
walled
vp
,
the
fire
be
not
able
easely
to
haue
any
other
waye
oute
,
then
in
ouerthrowing
the
thing
that
is
to
be
ruyned
,
for
as
much
as
if
the
aire
,
&
the
fire
in
the
roome
of
that
inclosed
place
,
may
haue
meanes
to
breathe
out
,
the
force
therof
wilbe
of
no
effecte
.
Also
it
wold
be
taken
héede
of
,
that
the
caue
be
not
by
no
other
meanes
marde
,
so
that
the
fire
maye
breake
oute
:
:
for
which
cause
,
it
ought
to
be
made
,
with
the
beginning
thereof
somewhat
distant
from
the
place
,
that
you
minde
to
ouerthrow
:
to
the
intent
that
in
making
thereof
,
the
men
of
the
same
place
doo
not
issue
oute
to
let
you
,
nor
perceiue
the
certaine
place
of
the
hurt
,
to
be
able
to
prouide
for
it
,
and
to
make
countermuynes
to
let
the
fire
brethe
oute
and
pas
withoute
anie
effecte
,
whereby
all
youre
coste
and
laboure
may
become
vaine
,
Moreouer
they
make
these
muines
the
moste
naroweste
and
moste
crookedest
that
maye
be
,
and
in
especially
néere
the
very
place
that
is
appoincted
to
be
ouerthrowen
,
and
therefore
vnder
such
a
place
there
muste
be
digged
a
hole
that
maye
be
at
least
thrée
yardes
high
or
more
,
and
twoo
yardes
broade
and
that
the
entrie
vnto
it
bée
vndergrounde
in
the
maner
,
as
by
this
presente
figure
you
maye
sée
described
.
woodcut of a cave and tunnel containing barrels of explosives
THE
FOVNDATION
ON
THE
MVINE
DISCOVERED
THE
PLACE
OF
GREATEST
EFFECTE
And
in
this
to
put
barrelles
with
their
heades
knocked
oute
full
of
good
strong
pouder
,
betwéene
which
you
must
also
strawe
pouder
ynough
vpon
the
bordes
wheron
they
stande
,
laying
to
it
a
good
great
matche
made
of
cotton
,
boyled
in
vinegre
,
brimstone
,
and
Saltpeter
,
whiche
muste
bée
well
roled
in
good
serpentine
pouder
well
dried
in
the
sunne
:
and
hauing
laide
it
to
the
place
,
you
must
make
a
trayne
of
pouder
vpon
it
,
euen
to
the
going
out
,
so
that
it
may
bée
couered
therwith
:
placing
it
in
pipes
of
earth
or
tronkes
of
woode
in
the
place
of
the
entrie
therof
:
&
that
done
,
you
must
wall
it
vp
moste
strongly
,
laying
ouerthwarte
great
blockes
of
okes
or
other
woode
:
so
that
with
those
&
with
the
wall
,
if
maye
bée
strong
to
resiste
the
furye
of
the
fire
,
as
muche
as
is
possible
:
and
the
entrie
in
suche
maner
made
vp
and
fortefied
,
when
you
shall
thincke
it
time
to
bring
the
effecte
to
pas
,
to
destroye
the
aduersaries
,
or
to
make
a
ruine
,
you
may
cause
the
trayne
to
be
set
on
fire
,
where
you
shall
sée
a
maruaylous
and
horrible
effecte
followe
.
More
aboute
this
matter
I
néede
not
to
declare
sauing
that
if
it
shoulde
chaunce
the
muyne
to
be
made
in
a
stonie
place
,
where
the
stones
will
fall
downe
,
that
then
the
best
is
to
vnderproppe
them
with
pipes
of
wood
filled
full
of
pouder
.
¶
The
maner
how
to
make
trombes
or
trunkes
of
fyre
,
as
well
to
assaulte
as
to
defende
a
breache
,
or
gate
,
and
to
set
a
fyre
a
towne
or
Campe
or
anye
thing
else
.
Cap.
xxix
.
FIrst
cause
a
cane
of
good
wood
to
be
made
at
the
corners
as
big
as
a
mans
thigh
and
the
length
of
an
ell
,
after
such
sort
that
the
hole
therof
be
as
wide
that
a
man
maye
thrust
in
his
naked
arme
,
and
cause
that
the
bottom
of
the
sayd
truncke
be
made
in
suche
wise
with
a
litle
hole
,
that
the
staffe
of
a
partesan
may
enter
into
it
,
and
so
to
bée
made
fast
thervnto
,
binding
the
sayde
truncke
with
yron
wyre
at
both
endes
,
and
in
the
middest
for
more
suerty
that
it
breake
not
,
through
the
fury
of
the
fire
.
Then
fil
it
with
this
mixture
here
following
.
Take
serpentine
pouder
iiij
.
pound
rosen
i
.
pound
,
camphere
half
a
pounde
,
beaten
glas
iiij
.
onces
,
&
mingle
euerything
together
,
then
begin
to
fil
and
put
in
the
trumbe
a
handefull
of
serpentine
pouder
vnmixte
,
nexte
a
handefull
of
the
foresaide
mixture
,
after
a
litle
pouder
,
then
a
stoppell
of
cotten
wet
in
oyle
of
gineper
,
and
put
in
vppon
the
sayde
cotton
as
you
haue
done
at
the
firste
,
that
is
to
saye
pouder
,
and
then
mixture
&c.
And
thus
you
must
doo
till
you
haue
filled
it
full
,
stamping
in
the
stuffe
alwayes
lightyly
,
and
if
for
lacke
of
gineper
oyle
you
wet
the
cotten
in
aqua
vitae
,
it
is
very
good
putting
after
euery
quantitie
of
pouder
a
litle
quick
siluer
,
then
when
it
is
full
,
put
in
the
mouthe
some
good
pouder
,
making
it
a
single
couer
of
parchement
bound
about
with
packthréed
,
&
with
a
litle
hole
in
the
middest
of
the
parchement
,
wherin
you
muste
put
a
matche
made
with
gunpouder
,
the
whiche
easyly
and
quickelye
with
your
common
matche
may
kindle
the
fyre
,
being
come
to
the
face
of
the
enemie
:
whiche
is
an
excellente
thing
for
the
fight
on
the
sea
,
or
for
to
disorder
a
band
of
horsemen
.
woodcut of 3 trombes
¶
Howe
to
make
bottels
or
pottes
offyre
worke
to
throwe
into
shippes
or
among
men
that
are
in
battelraye
.
Cap.
xxx
.
SVch
earthen
bottels
or
pottes
as
is
commonly
vsed
to
kepe
vineger
or
oyle
and
such
like
is
best
for
this
purpose
,
whiche
muste
be
filled
with
this
composition
:
serpentine
pouder
twoo
partes
,
rosen
one
parte
,
pitche
one
parte
,
beating
moste
finelie
,
all
these
things
together
in
a
morter
,
then
take
turpentine
,
&
a
litle
gineper
oyle
,
or
linséede
oyle
,
and
mingel
them
therewith
in
a
caudron
vpon
the
fire
with
a
sticke
of
a
yarde
long
,
and
fill
the
bottels
half
full
of
this
foresayde
receipt
,
that
done
,
take
serpentine
pouder
one
parte
,
rosen
one
part
,
brimstone
halfe
a
part
,
pytche
halfe
a
part
,
and
of
this
last
mixture
the
bottels
or
pottes
must
be
filled
vp
:
thē
in
the
mouthes
of
them
there
must
bée
put
some
good
pouder
,
to
the
intent
that
with
the
matche
it
maye
quickely
kindle
the
fire
:
which
bottels
or
pottes
serue
well
to
throwe
into
a
towne
or
out
of
a
towne
among
enemies
,
for
that
the
fire
of
them
breaking
out
flieth
all
abroade
and
burneth
most
horribly
where
it
lighteth
,
but
good
héede
must
be
taken
that
it
be
first
well
kindeled
before
it
bée
throwen
,
in
especially
if
it
be
caste
from
aboue
.
¶
An
other
composition
of
fire
worke
.
Cap.
xxix
.
CAuse
as
manye
earthen
bottels
or
pottes
to
bée
made
as
you
liste
to
haue
,
whiche
must
bée
as
it
were
but
halfe
baked
,
then
fill
them
with
this
mixture
following
,
serpentine
pouder
thrée
partes
,
Saltpeter
one
parte
,
turpentine
halfe
a
parte
,
pytche
halfe
a
parte
,
brimstone
one
parte
,
baye
Salte
halfe
a
parte
,
and
when
you
will
throwe
them
,
set
them
on
fire
and
sée
that
they
bée
well
kendled
.
¶
Balles
of
mettell
to
throwe
among
men
in
battelraye
or
otherwise
,
which
breaking
shall
doo
wonderfull
hurte
.
Cap.
xxxii
.
TO
dissorder
and
to
make
the
enemies
to
giue
place
,
there
maye
also
bée
prouided
,
certaine
hollow
balles
of
mettel
as
bigge
as
small
boules
,
and
a
quarter
of
an
inche
thicke
,
caste
in
mouldes
and
made
of
thrée
partes
of
brasse
and
one
of
tinne
:
but
the
brasse
oughte
to
bée
molte
before
the
tinne
be
put
to
it
,
whiche
balles
filled
halfe
full
of
fine
corne
pouder
,
and
the
other
halfe
full
,
of
serpentine
pouder
mingled
with
rosen
beaten
into
pouder
,
so
that
for
thrée
partes
of
serpentine
poulder
there
be
one
part
of
rosen
,
and
then
puting
in
the
mouthes
of
the
holes
of
them
a
litle
fine
corne
pouder
to
make
the
rest
to
fire
the
sooner
and
after
being
fired
and
throwen
,
they
will
breake
and
flye
into
a
thousande
peeces
,
and
both
hurt
&
kyll
whom
so
euer
is
néere
or
aboute
them
.
Wherefore
they
are
verye
good
to
throwe
ouer
the
walles
into
a
towne
or
fortresse
,
or
into
a
campe
,
to
hurte
and
to
giue
a
terrour
to
those
that
are
within
:
but
these
balles
after
they
are
fired
and
well
kindeled
,
and
hauing
blowen
a
litle
,
must
be
quickly
throwen
,
least
they
hurt
such
as
would
hurle
them
:
and
therefore
the
experience
of
one
,
ought
first
to
bée
made
in
a
close
place
,
to
sée
howe
long
it
will
tary
before
it
breake
,
&
the
holes
that
it
will
make
in
diuers
places
,
wherby
the
other
maye
the
better
bee
knowen
howe
to
be
vsed
.
¶
The
maner
how
to
prepare
pottes
and
balles
of
fyreworke
to
throwe
with
hande
.
Cap.
xxxiii
.
IN
the
world
there
hath
bene
alwayes
men
of
such
prengnant
wittes
,
that
haue
excelled
in
sundry
and
infinite
inuentions
,
as
well
for
the
sauegarde
of
humane
bodies
as
also
for
the
destruction
of
the
like
.
By
whose
helpe
there
haue
béene
Capitaines
,
whiche
imitating
their
counselles
haue
caused
their
footemen
to
carie
in
their
handes
,
certayne
earthen
pottes
and
balles
,
filled
full
of
a
certayne
composition
of
pouder
,
or
some
vnctius
liquor
,
apte
to
take
fire
quicke
quicklye
:
with
the
whiche
incountering
the
enemies
in
battaile
at
hande
,
haue
vigorously
whorled
those
among
them
,
for
to
prooue
,
whether
with
suche
meanes
they
might
bée
able
not
onely
to
disorder
them
,
but
also
to
make
them
giue
place
,
and
to
ouerthrowe
them
:
for
as
muche
as
suche
fyreworkes
will
maruaylously
hurte
the
enemies
not
onelye
with
the
smooke
of
them
,
but
also
a
great
deale
and
muche
more
with
the
horrible
and
vnquenchable
burning
of
thē
,
so
that
therby
suche
men
haue
alwayes
had
moste
happye
successe
,
with
moste
glorious
laude
and
prayse
.
These
fyreworkes
are
made
in
this
wise
:
Take
as
many
earthen
pottes
or
bottelles
as
you
liste
,
caused
to
bée
made
for
this
purpose
,
either
baked
or
vnbaked
whiche
maketh
no
matter
,
so
that
the
moistenesse
of
the
earth
bée
dried
vp
:
and
these
muste
bée
filled
halfe
full
of
serpentine
pouder
,
and
somewhat
more
:
and
the
same
pouder
muste
bée
mingled
with
pytche
and
brimstone
beaten
to
pouder
to
the
quantity
of
the
thirde
parte
thereof
:
then
there
muste
be
put
vpon
it
a
finger
thicknes
of
hogges
grease
,
to
the
intente
that
it
maye
make
the
fire
to
dure
the
lenger
and
it
being
in
this
maner
ordered
,
there
must
be
made
a
hole
into
it
and
a
péese
of
gunpoudred
matche
put
therein
,
with
a
littell
good
poulder
,
and
firing
it
,
and
holding
it
so
long
till
it
be
well
kendeled
,
you
shall
then
throwe
it
.
Also
there
is
made
a
liquide
composition
in
a
cauloron
,
wherin
is
put
hogges
grease
,
oyle
of
stones
,
brimstone
,
saltepeter
twise
refined
,
aqua
vitae
,
pytche
,
turpentine
and
some
serpentine
pouder
:
&
the
pitche
,
the
brimstone
,
and
the
Saltepeter
being
liquide
,
putting
thereto
the
grease
,
the
turpenline
,
the
oile
,
and
the
pouder
ouer
the
fire
,
all
muste
be
sturred
and
mingled
together
very
well
in
an
earthen
pot
,
or
some
other
thing
prepared
for
the
same
purpose
with
a
sticke
,
to
the
intente
that
it
maye
the
better
incorporate
:
and
then
it
muste
be
couered
aboute
with
good
pouder
,
that
it
maye
fire
the
easelier
when
you
will
haue
it
.
And
that
done
,
you
may
occupie
it
when
you
wil
,
and
whorle
it
either
with
a
sling
,
or
with
a
corde
tied
vnto
it
,
or
otherwise
with
the
hande
as
you
shall
thincke
best
:
also
of
this
composition
theyr
maye
bée
filled
certaine
littell
purses
of
linnen
clothe
,
which
being
bounde
about
with
a
corde
wil
be
fashioned
lyke
a
ball
:
and
these
maye
bée
whorled
or
shotte
oute
of
trunkes
of
fire
,
or
otherwise
as
shall
please
him
that
maketh
them
.
Also
with
this
composition
maye
bée
annointed
whatsoeuer
a
man
wold
haue
quicklye
burnte
,
as
Gates
of
Tounes
,
bridges
of
wood
,
cartes
,
monicions
,
and
such
like
,
for
that
it
is
a
matter
that
will
sone
kendell
and
set
a
fire
any
thing
,
and
also
able
to
maintaine
it
:
moreouer
littel
balles
thereof
maye
be
tyed
to
the
heades
of
dartes
to
throwe
among
the
enemyes
,
or
where
one
wold
haue
any
thing
fired
.
woodcut depicting pots of fireworks
¶
Howe
to
make
balles
of
wilde
fire
,
to
shoote
in
ordinaunce
or
to
throwe
with
handes
.
Cap.
xxxiiij
.
TAke
serpentine
pouder
fiue
partes
,
Saltepeter
refined
thrée
partes
,
brimstone
twoo
partes
,
Rasapina
one
parte
,
Camphere
halfe
a
part
,
turpentine
halfe
a
parte
,
halfe
a
part
of
glas
grossely
beaten
,
baye
Salte
halfe
a
part
,
half
a
part
of
oyle
of
stones
,
and
oyle
of
linte
séede
,
as
muche
of
the
one
as
of
the
other
,
Aqua
vitae
half
a
part
,
and
all
these
things
being
mingled
together
very
well
,
take
thē
a
péece
of
canuas
as
bigge
as
you
will
make
the
ball
and
make
it
like
vnto
a
purse
,
and
fill
it
with
the
sayde
mixture
,
and
then
make
twoo
or
three
holes
therein
with
a
rounde
yron
somewhat
bigger
then
a
bodkin
,
and
put
in
euery
hole
a
litle
sticke
.
And
it
is
to
bee
vnderstande
that
this
foresayde
mixture
may
bée
also
made
vpon
the
fyre
in
a
cauldron
,
and
the
balles
that
are
made
thereof
must
bée
rouled
in
serpentine
pouder
,
and
then
in
the
mixture
,
often
times
couering
them
with
Toe
,
well
plaistered
on
,
of
a
good
thickenesse
,
then
when
they
shal
be
a
litle
dried
,
take
the
said
stickes
out
of
the
holes
,
and
fil
them
halfe
full
of
serpentine
pouder
,
and
the
other
halfe
with
corne
pouder
,
and
giuing
fire
to
the
saide
balles
,
and
throwing
them
among
the
enemies
,
they
will
do
maruaylous
&
wonderfull
hurte
.
For
that
the
sayde
balles
will
burne
within
the
water
,
so
that
falling
vpon
the
armour
of
soudiours
,
water
cannot
quenche
them
nor
any
thing
else
,
except
aboundaunce
of
myre
or
durte
.
And
adding
to
the
saide
mixture
that
is
vns●d
halfe
a
parte
of
beaten
glas
and
halfe
a
parte
of
baye
Salte
,
you
maye
fill
a
trumbe
therwith
after
the
maner
as
I
haue
taught
a
litle
afore
.
¶
To
trime
Targettes
with
fireworke
to
assaulte
,
or
to
defende
a
breache
.
Cap.
xxxv
.
GEt
pipes
of
brasse
as
manye
as
you
liste
,
and
nayle
them
vpon
a
target
,
either
sixe
viij
.
or
x
.
and
fil
the
sayde
pypes
full
of
the
forsaide
mixture
vnsod
,
&
order
the
pypes
after
suche
sort
that
they
fire
not
altogether
,
but
one
after
an
other
,
so
that
when
one
is
almost
burned
oute
,
the
same
maye
gyue
fire
to
an
other
by
a
litle
pype
as
small
as
ones
finger
,
that
muste
go
from
the
bottome
thereof
to
the
mouthe
of
an
other
,
and
so
successiuelye
to
all
,
whiche
shall
continue
a
long
tyme
,
but
the
sayde
target
must
be
couered
with
blacke
buckeram
that
the
fyreworke
bée
not
perceyued
and
the
giuing
of
fire
the
one
to
the
other
.
¶
To
make
an
other
kinde
of
fireworke
.
Cap.
xxxvi
.
TAke
willowe
coles
,
Saltpeter
,
aqua
vitae
,
brimstone
,
pitche
,
rosapina
,
Camphere
,
oyle
of
stones
,
vernice
liquide
,
turpentine
as
much
of
the
one
as
the
other
,
mingling
euery
thing
together
,
&
thē
take
a
litle
purse
of
canuas
,
&
all
it
full
of
serpentine
pouder
,
&
couer
the
purse
all
ouer
with
the
foresayde
mixture
of
a
good
thickenesse
,
and
with
as
muche
Toe
as
you
shall
thinke
good
,
and
then
make
a
hole
that
maye
go
to
the
middest
of
the
balle
,
whiche
muste
bée
filled
full
of
pouder
,
so
that
therby
all
the
composition
therof
with
a
matche
maye
be
set
on
fyre
when
you
liste
.
¶
Howe
to
make
a
mixture
in
stone
that
shall
kindle
fire
with
water
or
spittel
.
Cap.
xxxvii
.
THis
stone
is
very
necessary
for
a
Captain
to
giue
fire
to
his
gunners
,
when
through
foule
wether
,
all
their
matches
shoulde
happen
to
go
oute
,
and
where
they
cannot
kindle
thē
againe
because
of
the
raine
.
First
take
vnslaked
lime
one
parte
,
Tutia
alessandrina
vnprepared
one
parte
,
Saltpeter
very
well
refined
one
part
,
quicke
brimstone
twoo
partes
,
Camphere
twoo
parts
calamite
stone
one
parte
:
All
these
thinges
muste
bée
well
beaten
and
sifted
,
and
bounde
harde
together
with
a
péece
of
new
linnen
cloth
,
&
put
into
a
cople
of
earthen
cuppes
,
suche
as
Goldesmithes
vse
to
melte
in
,
the
mouthes
of
whiche
muste
bée
ioyned
together
and
faste
bounde
with
yron
wyre
,
and
daubed
ouer
with
lutum
sapientia
that
it
breathe
not
out
,
and
then
dried
a
litle
,
till
it
become
yelowe
,
that
done
,
put
it
into
a
forneys
where
they
burne
bricke
or
earthen
vessels
,
and
let
it
tarye
therin
as
long
as
the
bricke
or
earthen
vessels
be
a
baking
,
and
then
taking
it
out
,
you
shal
sée
it
made
like
vnto
a
brickestone
.
¶
To
make
an
other
kinde
of
stone
to
kindle
fire
with
water
or
spittell
.
Cap.
xxxviii
.
TAke
Camphere
three
partes
,
Saltepeter
well
refined
twoo
partes
,
vnslaked
lime
twoo
partes
brimstone
twoo
partes
,
all
these
thinges
(
being
well
beaten
together
,
and
put
into
a
cople
of
goldesmithes
melting
cuppes
well
stopped
with
lutum
sapientia
)
must
then
bée
baked
in
a
forneys
,
and
when
the
earthen
vessels
bée
taken
oute
,
this
shall
also
bée
made
.
¶
Howe
to
make
lutum
sapientia
.
Cap.
xxxix
.
TAke
of
the
best
white
potters
earth
that
you
can
gette
,
for
in
one
place
there
is
better
then
in
an
other
,
that
is
to
saye
,
of
that
whiche
can
best
endure
the
fire
,
as
suche
as
they
make
pottes
of
in
Padua
,
and
likewise
in
Germanye
:
for
it
is
of
suche
perfection
,
that
the
Pottes
,
whiche
bée
made
of
it
,
and
wherein
that
they
dresse
their
meate
,
may
also
serue
to
found
metalles
in
.
Take
then
of
the
beste
,
and
specially
if
it
must
serue
for
a
thing
that
hath
néede
to
be
long
vpon
a
greate
fire
,
otherwise
,
take
suche
as
you
can
get
.
There
is
founde
of
it
,
that
is
of
a
graye
colour
,
as
the
common
sorte
is
,
and
also
there
is
white
,
that
men
vse
in
some
place
of
Vicence
,
which
is
like
loaues
of
Gispom
,
or
plaister
,
and
is
called
of
the
Italians
Florette
de
Chio
.
Wée
here
in
Englande
vppon
the
vse
thereof
,
may
geue
it
what
name
we
will
.
Potters
vse
of
it
in
Venise
,
for
to
whit
the
dishes
,
and
other
thinges
,
before
they
vernishe
or
pollish
them
.
There
is
also
founde
of
it
that
is
rodde
,
as
in
Apulia
,
where
there
is
greate
quantetie
,
and
that
they
call
Boale
,
and
is
the
very
same
that
some
Apoticares
doo
sell
for
Boale
Armenick
,
&
the
Venecians
vse
of
it
,
for
to
paint
redde
the
forefrontes
of
their
houses
with
lime
,
bricke
,
and
Vermillion
,
couering
it
afterwarde
with
oyle
of
line
.
This
redde
earth
is
the
fattest
,
and
the
clammiest
of
all
the
rest
,
and
therefore
it
cleaueth
soonest
by
the
fire
,
if
it
be
not
tempered
with
some
other
substance
.
And
because
that
all
the
sayde
earthes
be
to
fatte
,
the
one
more
than
the
other
,
therefore
menne
put
to
them
some
leane
substaunce
.
Nowe
,
if
you
take
of
that
of
ashe
coloure
,
whiche
is
moste
commen
,
and
the
least
fatty
,
you
maye
compose
and
make
it
in
this
maner
.
Take
of
the
saide
earth
foure
partes
,
of
clothmakers
floxe
or
shearing
,
one
part
,
ashes
that
haue
serued
in
a
buck
,
or
other
,
halfe
a
parte
,
drie
horse
dung
,
or
the
dung
of
an
Asse
,
one
part
.
If
you
will
make
it
parfiter
,
put
to
it
a
fewe
stamped
brickes
,
and
sparkes
of
yron
:
let
all
these
thinges
be
well
stamped
,
and
sifted
,
that
is
to
saye
:
the
earthe
the
ashes
,
the
horse
dung
,
the
brickes
,
and
the
sparkes
of
yron
:
than
mingle
all
together
,
and
make
it
into
earth
,
and
make
a
bedde
thereof
,
vppon
the
whiche
you
shall
caste
by
littel
and
littel
,
the
floxe
,
as
equally
as
you
can
.
This
done
,
powre
to
it
water
,
styring
it
well
first
with
a
sticke
,
&
then
with
a
pallet
broade
at
the
ende
.
And
when
all
is
well
incorporated
together
as
you
woulde
haue
it
,
laye
it
vppon
some
great
borde
,
and
beate
it
well
,
and
that
a
good
space
with
some
great
staffe
or
other
instrument
of
yron
,
mingling
and
stearing
it
well
,
for
the
lenger
you
beate
it
,
the
better
it
is
.
By
this
meane
you
shall
haue
a
very
good
claye
,
for
to
lute
or
clay
,
and
ioyne
violles
,
flagons
of
glasse
to
still
with
,
and
bottels
of
gourdes
for
stilling
,
and
other
great
thinges
,
as
fournesses
and
such
like
.
But
he
that
wil
make
it
with
more
ease
,
let
him
put
the
earth
onely
,
the
floxe
,
and
the
horse
dong
,
with
a
fewe
ashes
.
Some
put
no
horse
dong
to
it
,
and
some
no
floxe
,
according
to
the
purpose
that
they
make
it
for
.
For
to
stop
and
close
vp
the
mouthes
of
stilling
glasses
,
or
violles
,
to
the
intent
they
take
no
vent
on
the
fire
,
the
sayde
clay
will
be
very
good
:
neuerthelesse
men
put
to
it
twoo
partes
of
quicke
lime
,
and
the
whites
of
Egges
,
and
then
it
will
be
surer
to
let
nothing
vent
oute
but
the
glasse
it selfe
.
All
kinde
of
clay
or
earth
would
bée
kéept
moiste
,
and
réedy
dressed
for
him
that
will
occupye
it
continually
,
but
it
must
not
bée
kept
to
watery
,
nor
yet
left
to
drie
,
for
then
it
would
serue
for
nothing
,
séeing
that
after
it
is
once
hardened
,
a
man
can
not
dresse
it
any
more
to
do
any
good
withall
.
And
when
you
put
water
to
it
,
it
is
mollified
by
litle
&
litle
aboue
,
and
is
as
it
were
a
sauce
,
but
within
remayneth
harde
,
and
if
you
put
to
muche
water
to
it
,
you
marre
it
vtterlye
.
Therfore
,
when
you
sée
that
it
beginneth
to
waxe
drie
,
féede
it
a
new
litle
and
litle
with
water
,
styring
it
till
it
bée
well
,
and
so
shall
you
make
it
perfecte
.
¶
How
to
make
certayn
fireworke
to
tye
at
the
poinctes
of
pikes
or
horsemen
staues
.
Cap.
xl
.
FOr
to
assaulte
or
to
defende
a
breache
,
and
also
to
worke
some
policie
in
the
nighte
against
the
enemies
,
it
is
sometimes
good
to
tye
at
the
poinctes
of
pikes
or
launces
,
certayne
canes
like
vnto
squibbes
made
of
paper
vpon
a
forme
of
wood
as
long
as
the
breadeth
of
a
shéete
of
paper
,
filled
full
of
serpentine
pouder
,
amongeste
the
whiche
muste
bée
mingled
litle
péeces
or
crummes
of
pitche
,
of
brimstone
,
graynes
of
baye
salt
,
filinges
of
yron
,
and
beaten
glasse
,
arsinic
,
cristall
beaten
to
péeces
,
and
suche
like
,
and
after
they
are
closed
vp
,
and
tied
faste
at
one
of
the
endes
,
this
composition
muste
bée
well
beaten
into
them
,
with
there
owne
formes
or
mouldes
:
vnto
euery
one
of
which
there
must
be
put
a
good
matche
sod
in
Saltepeter
and
Gunnepouder
,
and
then
well
dried
,
and
fastening
them
to
staues
,
after
such
sorte
that
the
issue
of
the
fire
bée
tourned
towardes
the
aduersaries
,
when
you
thinke
good
,
you
or
some
other
may
fire
them
:
wher
you
shall
then
sée
the
fire
blow
out
twoo
yardes
long
,
which
in
the
night
will
séeme
terrible
:
but
in
a
calme
wether
,
or
at
least
when
the
winde
is
in
the
faces
of
the
enemies
they
are
best
to
be
vsed
.
And
moreouer
for
the
fighte
on
the
sea
,
they
are
moste
excellente
.
woodcut of pikes and spears tipped with squibbs
¶
Howe
to
make
diuers
compositions
of
fireworkes
.
Cap.
xli
.
EVery
thing
that
will
quickly
burne
,
and
that
by
some
proper
vertue
is
apte
to
multiplie
fire
,
and
maintaine
it
,
may
be
put
in
firye
compositions
:
for
the
in
effecte
of
such
thinges
they
are
made
:
of
whiche
thinges
there
are
some
that
are
minerall
,
as
Brimstone
,
and
the
oyle
therof
,
and
saltepeter
,
&
some
other
substaunces
,
hot
,
drie
,
&
thin
,
&
some
vnctius
,
as
grease
,
and
all
sortes
of
oyles
:
some
very
dry
,
as
pitch
or
wood
:
and
of
these
there
be
some
natural
,
and
some
artificiall
:
But
nowe
leauing
to
séeke
suche
difference
of
theyr
compositions
,
among
as
many
thinges
as
well
old
as
new
that
I
know
,
I
haue
found
only
these
:
out
of
whiche
I
haue
chosen
some
of
the
notablest
,
specially
these
,
that
for
to
make
them
,
there
muste
be
taken
Rosen
,
Alchitrean
,
quicke
Brimstone
,
tartar
,
sarcocolla
,
Saltepeter
,
and
oyle
of
stones
,
and
of
euery
one
some
parte
,
but
double
so
much
of
vnslaked
lime
,
&
al
must
be
compounded
with
the
oyle
of
egges
:
and
put
into
a
vessel
of
glasse
or
of
earth
that
is
leaded
,
&
couered
very
wel
:
putting
it
after
vnder
hot
dung
for
a
moneth
:
thē
taking
it
from
thens
and
setting
it
ouer
a
softe
fire
,
the
vessell
being
well
stopped
,
it
muste
be
melted
:
which
done
,
the
licor
thereof
may
be
put
into
hollowe
staues
,
or
in
year
-
then
bottells
,
or
other
vessells
made
of
purpose
:
vnto
euery
one
of
which
,
must
bée
put
a
péece
of
a
gunpoudred
matche
,
in
the
middest
with
some
gunpouder
also
,
to
the
intent
that
they
maye
the
easelier
fire
.
Also
there
may
be
made
an
other
sorte
of
fireworke
after
this
maner
:
taking
Brimstone
,
or
oyle
of
Brimstone
yf
it
maye
be
had
,
oyle
of
stones
,
or
of
the
fame
stonye
Oyle
of
Iuniper
,
Saltepeter
very
well
refined
:
and
for
euery
porcion
of
suche
thinges
,
fiue
of
aspallto
:
and
moreouer
goosegrease
,
pure
pitche
,
vernis
,
pouder
of
pigeons
dunge
,
and
so
muche
aqua
vitae
,
that
maye
throughly
moyste
all
the
foresayde
thinges
:
which
then
muste
be
putte
into
a
vessell
of
glasse
,
and
the
mowthe
thereof
well
stopped
with
waxe
,
and
then
put
vnder
a
hot
dunghill
.xxv.
or
.xxx.
dayes
:
and
after
to
make
it
the
better
incorporate
,
it
wolde
be
set
ouer
a
softe
fire
:
and
that
done
,
this
composition
maye
be
put
into
hollowe
staues
,
or
yearthen
pottes
or
like
vessells
to
be
throwen
with
the
hande
:
also
there
maye
be
taken
a
bullet
of
stone
with
a
ring
fastened
therein
,
wherevnto
wolde
be
tied
a
corde
of
a
yarde
long
:
and
aboute
the
same
stone
,
putting
Toe
imbrewed
with
the
foresayde
composition
,
or
ells
péeses
of
linnen
clothe
all
to
rayed
therewith
,
whiche
tiring
,
when
it
is
well
kendled
,
maye
then
be
throwen
.
Also
balles
of
this
composition
maye
be
shotte
in
péeses
of
ordinaunce
,
or
a
stone
that
hath
a
ring
of
yron
fastened
in
it
,
to
the
which
ring
may
be
tied
a
péece
of
a
rope
stéeped
and
sod
in
the
foresayde
composition
,
or
ells
a
littell
bagge
full
thereof
,
which
maye
be
shotte
or
throwen
as
one
liste
.
Moreouer
balles
of
this
,
being
made
with
linnen
clothe
as
afore
is
shewed
,
may
be
caste
with
all
sortes
of
slinges
which
way
one
will
.
Also
there
is
made
an
other
composition
in
this
maner
,
with
vernice
liquide
,
oyle
of
quicke
Brimstone
,
and
oyle
of
the
yelkes
of
egges
,
turpintine
oyle
,
iuniper
oyle
,
linséede
oyle
,
and
olium
saxum
,
or
oyle
of
stones
,
and
haulfe
as
muche
of
aqua
vitae
as
all
the
saide
compositions
:
and
also
as
muche
pouder
of
bayes
finelie
beaten
as
will
suffise
to
thicken
all
,
with
as
muche
more
Saltepeter
:
and
all
these
thinges
muste
be
put
together
in
a
vessell
of
glasse
,
or
some
vessell
of
yearth
leaded
with
a
littell
mouthe
,
which
with
waxe
muste
be
so
stopped
that
it
vente
not
:
and
this
must
bée
kepte
after
thrée
monethes
in
hotte
dung
,
to
putrifie
,
remouing
it
euerye
moneth
fowre
or
fiue
times
,
and
shaking
it
together
euery
time
:
and
this
matter
being
broughte
in
such
wise
,
when
you
will
occupie
it
,
it
is
requisite
that
you
anoinct
the
same
thing
that
you
will
vse
,
or
to
put
thereof
into
that
vessell
,
where
you
will
haue
the
fire
to
worke
:
for
that
the
same
fire
is
suche
,
that
putting
thereto
some
gunnepouder
,
or
a
gunnepoudred
matche
,
it
wil
straight
waye
kendell
:
and
it
is
so
vnquencheable
,
that
it
burneth
till
hée
,
or
the
thing
that
it
lighteth
on
,
bée
altogether
consumed
:
and
if
this
composition
fired
,
chaunce
to
be
throwen
and
lighte
vpon
armur
,
it
will
make
it
so
glowing
redde
in
suche
sorte
,
that
he
that
hath
it
on
his
backe
,
shal
be
constrained
to
put
it
of
,
if
he
will
not
be
burnte
to
death
.
Also
there
is
made
an
other
sorte
:
and
it
is
a
moste
thinne
liquor
apte
to
fire
,
with
the
whiche
if
in
the
canicular
daies
a
péece
of
woodde
,
or
other
thing
apte
to
burne
bée
anoincted
,
the
heate
of
the
Sunne
is
then
able
to
set
it
on
fire
,
and
to
burne
it
:
and
so
sone
as
it
is
touched
with
fire
,
it
kendeleth
incontinente
,
and
is
vnquencheable
:
excepte
it
be
chooked
vp
with
sande
,
or
wet
with
very
stale
vrin
,
or
moste
strong
vineger
:
also
it
will
burne
in
the
water
:
the
making
,
whereof
is
in
this
wise
:
there
muste
be
taken
Camphire
,
oyle
of
quicke
Brimstone
,
oyle
of
turpentine
,
oyle
of
dunge
,
oyle
of
iuneper
,
oyle
of
stones
,
oyle
of
lintesede
,
alchitrean
,
colofonia
,
moste
finelye
beaten
,
oyle
of
egges
,
pitche
,
goose
grease
,
Saltpeter
,
and
as
much
aqua
vitae
as
all
the
rest
of
the
composition
,
and
as
muche
arsinic
,
tartar
,
and
armoniack
salte
,
as
the
eighte
parte
of
altogether
.
Which
thing
muste
bée
put
into
a
glasse
or
pot
wel
stopped
,
and
then
set
to
putrefie
in
a
hotte
dunghill
for
the
space
of
twoo
monethes
:
and
after
al
the
forsayd
thinges
muste
bée
destilled
with
a
gentle
fire
:
where
within
viii
.
houres
,
there
will
come
of
those
thinges
a
moste
suttill
liquor
,
into
the
whiche
putting
then
so
muche
oxedung
dried
in
an
ouen
and
moste
finelye
beaten
to
pouder
,
as
maye
make
it
so
thicke
as
sope
or
somewhat
thinner
:
and
after
minding
to
occupye
it
,
the
thing
that
is
to
bée
burnte
,
muste
bée
annoincted
therewith
:
and
this
also
the
Sunne
will
set
on
fyre
,
and
burne
what
so
euer
is
néer
it
.
Also
there
is
an
other
composition
of
fyre
,
that
anye
thing
that
is
annoincted
therewith
,
will
maruaylouslye
burne
and
fire
with
weting
of
raine
,
or
otherwise
:
whiche
to
make
,
there
must
bée
taken
new
whitelime
made
of
flinte
,
calamite
made
to
pouder
by
fyre
,
vitrioll
grosse
beaten
the
twoo
and
thirteth
parte
,
Saltepeter
refined
eyght
partes
:
and
as
muche
Camphere
as
all
the
foresayde
thinges
:
oyle
of
quicke
brimstone
:
oyle
of
turpentine
,
Salte
armoniacke
,
by
waighte
as
muche
as
the
vitrioll
,
and
as
muche
tartar
and
baye
Salte
:
Salte
of
vrin
,
Aqua
vitae
made
of
strong
wine
as
much
as
all
the
rest
of
the
composition
:
the
which
things
compounded
together
,
muste
bée
put
like
as
the
otherwere
,
into
a
great
glasse
well
stopped
that
it
breath
not
oute
:
and
then
it
muste
bée
set
in
a
whote
dounghill
for
twoo
or
thrée
monethes
,
remoouing
the
glasse
and
chaunging
the
doung
at
leaste
euerye
tenne
dayes
,
to
the
intent
that
the
same
matter
maye
ripen
well
,
and
bée
like
vnto
a
liquor
all
of
one
thing
:
the
whiche
after
oughte
to
be
boyled
so
muche
vpon
a
softe
fire
,
that
all
the
oyly
humidetie
,
and
other
moystenesse
that
is
in
it
,
maye
vapor
awaye
,
and
the
rest
to
become
drie
and
stonye
:
and
when
it
is
drie
and
stony
,
breaking
the
glasse
&
taking
it
out
,
it
must
bée
grounde
to
pouder
:
the
whiche
when
it
is
to
be
occupied
,
must
be
strawed
vpon
the
place
that
is
dressed
for
the
same
purpose
,
so
that
it
being
rayned
vpon
or
any
maner
of
waies
wet
,
will
kindle
&
fall
on
a
fire
.
¶
How
to
make
a
girdle
for
Souldiours
or
Fisshers
wherby
they
may
go
in
the
water
and
passe
ouer
a
riuer
without
either
bridge
or
bote
.
Cap.
xlii
.
THis
Girdle
oughte
to
be
made
according
to
the
fashion
of
the
figure
next
following
,
and
of
such
lether
that
muste
be
dressed
in
like
sorte
,
as
the
same
is
where
with
footebals
are
made
:
whervnto
a
pipe
muste
be
fastened
like
vnto
a
baggepipe
,
so
that
the
girdle
,
when
it
is
girte
about
a
Soudiour
vpon
his
armour
,
maye
be
blowen
full
of
winde
:
by
helpe
whereof
,
he
maye
then
safelye
passe
ouer
a
riuer
,
going
through
the
same
,
howe
déepe
so
euer
it
be
,
where
he
shal
not
sinke
in
the
water
,
further
then
from
the
girdle
stéede
downe
warde
:
whiche
for
men
of
warre
,
is
verye
commodious
and
a
most
necessarie
thing
.
diagram of a girdle used for flotation
¶
How
to
write
,
and
cause
the
same
that
is
writen
to
be
read
a
farre
of
without
sending
anye
message
.
Cap.
xli
.
WHen
a
Capitain
were
so
besieged
of
enemies
in
a
towne
or
fortresse
that
no
man
coulde
come
vnto
him
,
or
be
sent
from
him
with
letters
,
wherby
his
minde
,
or
the
distresse
and
inconuenience
that
hée
is
in
,
might
of
his
friendes
bée
vnderstande
.
Yet
his
minde
being
written
,
maye
of
thē
not
withstanding
in
the
night
be
read
,
as
farre
of
as
a
lighte
can
then
be
séene
,
and
by
daye
,
as
farre
as
a
burning
glas
can
caste
the
sunne
,
or
a
hat
or
any
other
such
like
marke
maye
perfectlye
bée
decerned
,
so
that
the
order
therin
bée
firste
knowen
and
agréed
vpon
betwéen
both
parties
.
The
maner
in
doing
it
in
the
night
,
is
thus
:
hée
that
giueth
the
aduise
,
muste
holde
his
letter
in
the
one
hande
wherin
his
minde
is
réedy
written
,
and
one
lighte
or
ij
.
lightes
in
the
other
hande
,
and
the
other
that
should
reade
and
copy
the
same
,
ought
to
haue
paper
,
and
penne
and
inke
with
this
a
b
c
,
etc.
herefollowing
,
and
vnderstande
:
a
|
b
|
c
|
d
|
e
|
f
|
g
|
h
|
i
|
k
|
l
|
|
m
|
n
|
o
|
p
|
q
|
r
|
s
|
t
|
v
|
w
|
this
part
of
letters
with
1.
lighte
,
|
&
|
this
part
with
twoo
lightes
.
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
And
for
the
plainer
vnderstanding
hereof
,
it
is
to
bée
noted
that
the
first
parte
of
the
letters
are
shewed
with
one
lighte
,
and
the
seconde
parte
beginning
at
,
M
,
are
signified
with
two
lightes
,
and
euerye
letter
of
the
a
b
c
muste
bée
vnderstande
,
and
knowen
by
the
nomber
or
often
shewing
and
hiding
of
the
sighte
or
lightes
:
As
for
example
,
if
this
worde
,
Man
,
were
to
be
written
,
because
M
is
the
first
letter
standing
in
the
second
part
,
M
muste
be
signified
by
twoo
lightes
shewed
once
,
and
then
hidden
,
and
staied
so
long
as
maye
be
thoughte
that
he
that
doeth
copye
after
the
lighte
so
seuerallye
shewed
,
and
the
number
diligently
marked
,
maye
haue
conuenient
time
to
write
M
:
then
one
lighte
being
shewed
once
,
and
so
hidde
and
staide
,
a
muste
be
written
:
for
that
a
is
the
firste
letter
in
the
firste
parte
:
and
againe
twoo
lightes
being
shewed
twise
and
stayde
,
n
,
oughte
to
be
written
,
because
n
is
the
second
letter
in
the
second
part
:
whiche
done
,
there
shal
be
written
Man
.
And
thus
by
marking
well
the
number
of
shewing
,
hyding
and
staying
of
the
lighte
or
lightes
,
the
letter
that
thereby
is
signified
,
maye
moste
easely
be
vnderstand
and
perceyued
.
So
that
after
this
sorte
,
there
maye
be
expressed
and
written
what
so
euer
a
man
liste
.
To
the
Reader
.
WHen
the
Britons
the
auncient
inhabitauntes
of
this
Isle
(
for
lacke
of
skillfull
men
of
warre
of
their
owne
,
being
afraied
of
the
Franki
,
&
Burgundi
,
whiche
were
certaine
Barberous
nations
,
who
at
the
time
ouer
ran
,
spoiled
,
&
possessed
France
)
caused
the
Germaine
people
called
Angly
to
come
to
ayde
and
defende
them
,
by
whose
procurement
the
Angly
vnder
Vortiger
their
King
,
taking
vpon
the
the
same
enterprise
,
after
they
had
ones
defended
them
,
did
then
incontinente
driue
them
out
of
this
Islande
,
remaining
here
themselues
to
inhabite
:
and
after
their
name
called
it
England
:
euen
as
also
of
later
daies
,
the
like
chaunce
happened
to
the
Greekes
,
by
calling
in
the
Turckes
to
helpe
them
against
their
enemies
.
Which
examples
,
with
innumerable
like
being
well
considered
,
do
most
manifestlie
shew
,
how
daungerous
&
pernitius
it
is
for
a
Prince
and
his
Realme
,
to
be
driuen
to
truste
to
the
seruice
of
straungers
,
for
lacke
of
sufficient
skillfull
men
of
their
own
for
their
defence
.
Wherfore
sithens
my
intent
in
setting
fourth
this
booke
of
Martial
affaires
,
hath
beene
onely
to
the
ende
to
declare
my
good
will
,
to
haue
my
naturall
countriemen
not
to
bee
inferiour
to
anye
in
warlike
knowledge
,
but
rather
to
excell
in
the
same
,
wherby
without
aide
or
helpe
of
any
forein
nation
,
wee
may
alwaies
bee
most
renowmed
and
famous
,
I
shall
beseeche
all
gentil
readers
,
for
this
my
labour
done
for
their
commodities
,
to
iudge
and
reporte
therof
accordingly
.
And
although
my
doinges
herin
,
be
not
correspondent
to
my
desire
,
nor
to
the
satisfaction
of
euery
mans
minde
(
which
were
impossible
)
yet
my
trust
is
,
that
some
neuerthelesse
by
diligente
reading
therof
,
and
imitating
the
example
of
Lucullus
,
(
who
chiefelye
by
studie
of
like
bookes
,
in
very
shorte
space
,
became
one
of
the
valiantest
and
worthiest
wariour
of
all
the
Romanes
,
]
may
if
they
list
,
take
commoditie
and
profite
,
whereby
the
knowledge
in
warres
,
may
of
such
as
neuer
haue
bene
trayned
in
them
,
be
the
more
easyly
gotten
and
attayned
.
For
which
cause
,
my
indeuour
and
trauayle
taken
herein
,
for
to
profit
this
our
common
weale
,
deserueth
not
vtterly
to
be
despised
,
seeing
that
the
most
verteous
life
,
and
gouernement
of
Alexander
Seuerus
Emperour
of
Rome
,
with
manye
other
Princes
,
and
common
weales
,
could
not
,
being
negligent
in
this
kinde
of
studie
and
practis
therof
,
saue
or
defende
them selues
,
from
moste
shamefull
endes
,
&
miserable
deathes
wherin
fortune
was
not
to
be
blamed
,
but
only
their
folly
&
ignoraunce
,
for
hauing
neuer
thought
in
time
of
tranquilitie
and
pease
that
it
coulde
chaunge
into
aduersitie
and
trouble
:
the
which
is
a
common
faulte
of
men
,
not
to
make
accompte
in
fayre
weather
,
of
the
tempest
to
come
.
¶
The
table
of
the
additions
.
-
A
Perfecte
rule
to
bring
men
into
a
square
battell
,
of
what
nomber
so
euer
they
bée
.
Fol.
ij
.
-
To
knowe
howe
many
men
may
march
in
a
rancke
,
&
at
a
sudddaine
to
bring
thē
into
a
fowersquare
battayle
,
so
that
their
Ansigne
,
maye
come
to
bée
in
the
middest
.
Fol.
iij
.
-
Howe
to
ordayne
a
nomber
of
men
or
an
armie
into
a
battayle
,
like
vnto
a
wedge
,
or
thrée
square
,
so
that
it
maye
be
apt
to
marche
with
the
poincte
therof
toward
the
enemies
.
Fol.
vi
.
-
To
make
the
battayle
called
the
shéeres
,
whiche
in
olde
time
they
vsed
to
set
against
the
Triangle
.
Fol.
vij
.
-
What
auantage
it
is
to
order
men
in
a
triangle
battayle
against
the
enemie
,
that
knoweth
not
howe
to
make
the
battayle
called
the
Shéeres
to
set
againste
it
,
inespecially
where
there
is
as
many
men
of
the
one
parte
as
of
the
other
.
Fol.
viii
.
-
To
bring
a
nomber
of
men
or
an
army
,
into
a
battayle
,
whiche
in
olde
time
was
called
a
Sawe
.
Fol.
ix
.
-
To
fashion
a
battayle
of
a
nomber
of
men
or
an
armye
like
vnto
twoo
Triangles
ioyned
together
,
so
that
they
may
bée
apte
to
march
with
a
corner
thereof
towarde
the
enemies
.
Fol.
x
.
-
What
is
best
to
bée
done
where
the
ordinaunce
of
the
enemies
being
shot
into
the
Armye
hath
slayne
many
men
.
Fol.
xi
.
-
Howe
to
chaunge
with
spéede
an
armye
,
that
is
,
in
battelray
fouresquare
,
into
a
Triangle
fashion
,
without
disordering
the
first
ranckes
,
and
without
perill
of
confusion
.
Fol.
xiii
.
-
Of
the
perfecte
forme
or
fashion
of
strong
places
.
Fol.
xvi
.
-
The
strongest
and
perfectes
fashion
of
all
other
for
the
building
of
the
cortin
or
wall
of
a
town
or
fortresse
.
Fol.
xviii
.
-
An
example
of
the
quadrante
forme
to
prooue
that
it
causeth
debilletie
and
weakenesse
.
Fol.
xxii
.
-
Of
the
nature
of
Saltepeter
,
and
the
manner
howe
to
make
and
refine
it
.
Fol.
xxiij
.
-
The
manner
howe
to
make
all
sortes
of
Gunpouder
.
Fol.
xxvij
.
-
The
manner
that
is
vsed
of
charging
and
shooting
of
ordinaunce
.
Fol.
xxxiii
.
-
Howe
to
gette
oute
quickely
the
nailes
that
should
happen
by
Treason
,
or
otherwyse
to
be
driuen
into
the
toucheholes
of
ordinaunce
.
Fol.
xxxiiij
.
-
Howe
much
the
artillery
ought
to
bée
estemed
of
the
armies
nowe
adaies
,
and
whether
the
same
opinion
of
them
which
is
had
vniuersally
,
be
true
.
Fol.
xxxiiij
.
-
Of
Muines
and
placing
of
Pouder
vndergrounde
,
wherewithe
inuinsible
Fortresses
,
by
fire
maye
bée
ruignated
,
when
ordinaunce
cannot
be
broughte
vnto
them
.
Fol.
xxxviij
.
-
The
manner
howe
to
make
trombes
or
trunckes
of
fire
,
as
well
to
assaulte
as
to
defende
a
breache
,
or
gate
,
and
to
sette
a
fire
a
Towne
or
Campe
,
or
any
thing
elles
.
Fol.
xxxix
.
-
Howe
to
make
bottells
or
pottes
of
fireworke
to
throw
into
shippes
,
or
among
menne
that
are
in
battellraye
.
Fol.
xl
.
-
An
other
composition
of
fireworke
.
Fol.
xl
.
-
Balles
of
mettell
to
throwe
among
men
in
battelraye
or
otherwise
,
whiche
breaking
,
shal
doo
wonderful
hurte
.
Fol.
xli
.
-
The
manner
howe
to
prepare
pottes
and
balles
of
fire
worke
to
throwe
with
hande
.
Fol.
xli
.
-
How
to
make
balles
of
wilde
fire
,
to
shoote
in
ordinaunce
or
to
throwe
with
handes
.
Fol.
xlii
.
-
To
trimme
Targettes
with
fireworke
to
assaulte
,
or
to
defende
a
breache
.
Fol.
xliij
.
-
To
make
an
other
kinde
of
fireworke
.
Fol.
xliij
.
-
Howe
to
make
a
mixture
in
stone
that
shall
kendel
fire
with
water
or
spittell
.
Fol.
xliij
.
-
To
make
an
other
kinde
of
stone
,
to
kendell
fire
with
water
or
spittell
.
Fol.
xliiij
.
-
Howe
to
make
lutum
Sapientia
.
Fol.
xliiij
.
-
Howe
to
make
certaine
fireworke
,
to
tye
at
the
poinctes
of
Pikes
or
Horsemenstaues
.
Fol.
xlv
.
-
Howe
to
make
diuers
compositions
of
fireworkes
:
-
Howe
to
make
a
girdell
for
Souldiours
or
Fisshers
,
whereby
they
may
goo
in
the
water
and
passe
ouer
a
riuer
withoute
eyther
bridge
or
boote
,
Fol.
xlviij
.
-
Howe
to
write
,
and
cause
the
same
that
is
written
to
bée
redde
a
farre
of
,
withoute
sending
anye
message
.
Fol.
xlviij
.
¶
The
ende
.
¶
Imprinted
at
London
,
by
W
.
Williamson
:
for
Ihon
Wight
.
¶
Anno
salutis
.
M.D.LXXIII
.
Mense
.
Septembris
.