An
Essay
of
Duelling
.
WHile
we
conceive
Duelling
as
an
Action
:
under
that
Conception
,
we
must
have
recourse
to
Circumstances
for
its
Discreminating
Epethets
of
good
or
bad
:
But
these
are
so
various
both
in
Number
and
Kind
,
that
it
will
be
very
difficult
to
reduce
the
Thesis
to
any
certainty
,
without
mustering
up
a
Volume
of
Instances
out
of
God's
Revenge
against
Murder
,
or
some
Book
like
it
;
and
so
by
the
several
descants
upon
every
Individual
Duel
,
to
deduce
Arguments
to
prove
one
general
Assertion
:
(
Viz
.
)
That
all
Duels
are
unlawful
.
But
since
I
intend
a
Discourse
more
Concise
,
and
(
I
hope
)
more
to
the
Purpose
,
than
that
comes
to
,
I
designedly
omit
the
Enumeration
of
that
long
train
of
Circumstances
which
wait
on
our
Actions
:
instancing
only
in
the
most
general
motive
that
enduceth
men
to
Duelling
;
which
I
look
upon
as
the
proper
Basis
on
which
the
stress
of
my
present
Discourse
ought
to
rely
.
This
Motive
I
have
generally
observed
to
be
the
preservation
of
Honour
,
and
look
upon
it
as
the
end
(
or
more
properly
the
beginning
)
of
all
Duels
;
and
is
indeed
a
very
fair
mark
to
aim
at
:
so
that
nothing
can
redound
to
the
disparagement
of
the
Archer
,
but
his
proving
so
Purblind
,
as
not
rightly
to
distinguish
between
the
reality
and
the
resemblance
;
or
so
Unskilful
,
as
never
to
come
neer
the
White
.
And
I
am
fearful
that
I
shall
too
easily
make
it
apper
that
many
Gentlemen
are
very
short-sighted
in
this
Particular
,
and
that
either
through
the
false
Vizards
they
have
put
upon
Honour
,
or
the
unjust
estimates
they
make
of
it
,
they
oftentimes
Fight
for
the
shadow
instead
of
the
substance
,
and
(
through
that
mistake
)
destroy
what
they
so
Zealously
endeavour
to
maintain
.
A
true
Diamond
is
indeed
a
Jewel
of
Price
,
but
it
is
Rivalled
by
Glass
and
Pebbles
;
Iron
may
wear
a
superficies
as
curiously
Engraved
as
the
purest
Steel
,
but
it
is
not
so
familiar
and
kind
to
the
Loadstone
:
Brass
may
bear
the
same
impress
with
Gold
,
but
it
cannot
put
a
cheat
upon
the
Touchstone
:
and
as
for
Honour
,
I
Fancy
it
is
as
distinguishable
by
its
proper
and
genuine
marks
,
as
any
of
these
.
The
Touchstone
of
Honour
I
take
to
be
Morality
;
nothing
certainly
can
be
so
true
a
Gage
,
or
so
just
a
Standard
of
it
,
as
the
Ethicks
:
So
that
I
shall
adventure
to
make
this
general
assertion
:
(
in
spight
of
Hectors
)
Viz
.
That
it
is
impossible
for
a
Man
to
be
truly
Honourable
,
who
is
not
truly
Vertuous
:
And
though
Men
have
either
carelesly
,
or
industriously
suffered
that
one
great
embelishment
,
Magnanimity
;
as
it
were
to
Monopolize
all
Vertue
,
making
a
convertible
Proposition
of
it
.
That
no
man
can
be
Honourable
,
but
he
that
is
Stout
:
and
again
,
That
no
Man
can
be
Stout
,
but
he
must
be
Honourable
:
Yet
I
believe
the
rest
of
the
Moral
Vertues
would
take
it
very
unkindly
,
so
to
be
shouldred
out
of
doors
,
but
that
they
see
Magnanimity
so
grosely
abused
,
as
it
is
even
by
those
who
pretend
to
be
the
greatest
admirers
of
it
.
How
this
Errour
came
to
escape
Conviction
,
I
know
not
,
but
certainly
't
is
the
greatest
imaginable
;
and
carries
Pawn
(
I
am
confident
)
with
none
but
such
as
really
are
,
or
however
would
be
thought
Ranck
Hectors
:
And
even
such
quickly
find
themselves
hugely
disappointed
in
their
ill-grounded
hopes
:
For
whatever
they
purpose
to
themselves
in
the
midst
of
their
huffing
,
yet
while
they
are
endevouring
to
impose
the
name
of
Bubble
upon
others
,
they
become
the
greatest
ones
themselves
,
owing
their
Greatness
to
a
vapour
,
till
they
break
into
Nothing
.
And
after
they
have
convinced
the
whole
World
by
their
Duels
and
Murders
,
what
undaunted
Spirits
they
have
,
for
which
they
expect
Adoration
from
all
that
pass
by
them
,
they
are
forced
to
content
themselves
with
the
applauses
of
two
or
three
of
their
Brethren
,
and
the
submissive
respect
of
some
few
of
their
Creatures
:
And
I
make
my
appeal
to
any
sober
and
rational
Man
,
whether
a
person
notorious
for
Lying
,
a
Prodigious
Sot
,
an
abominable
Lecher
,
or
the
like
,
gain
the
least
Honour
or
Esteem
with
any
,
but
such
as
are
like
himself
,
though
he
be
the
stoutest
man
living
.
For
my
part
,
I
would
no
more
espouse
such
an
acquaintance
,
because
of
his
Courage
,
than
I
would
chuse
to
Marry
a
beastly
common
Strumpet
,
because
she
had
a
sprightly
eye
,
or
some
other
commendable
feature
:
and
do
not
find
any
Catachresis
in
the
Analogy
,
more
,
than
that
the
latter
is
a
companion
the
least
mischevious
and
dangerous
of
the
two
.
Thus
it
is
my
opinion
,
that
a
man
who
is
every
way
morally
vicious
,
excepting
in
his
Courage
,
ought
to
live
with
less
Honour
,
than
he
that
is
in
all
other
respects
morrally
good
,
and
well
accomplished
,
though
a
Coward
,
for
Courage
is
the
gift
of
Nature
,
and
if
a
man
wants
it
,
't
is
not
his
fault
but
his
misfortune
:
Nature
is
unkind
,
and
he
is
unhappy
;
he
is
good
to
the
uttermost
of
his
Power
,
by
suppressing
Nature
when
't
is
rebellious
,
but
he
cannot
encourage
it
when
't
is
faint-hearted
:
he
finds
it
deficient
in
his
heart
,
and
therefore
supplies
that
chasm
by
a
more
than
common
liberality
of
his
hands
,
affability
of
his
Tougue
,
&c.
And
since
he
wants
one
branch
in
the
Tree
of
Honour
,
he
so
orders
and
disposes
of
the
rest
,
that
they
flourish
to
the
making
up
of
that
Breach
.
Thus
while
the
Gentleman
I
mentioned
even
now
,
makes
necessity
of
a
Vertue
,
by
pressing
his
courage
to
vindicate
the
Quarrels
of
his
many
other
vices
,
this
makes
a
vertue
of
necessity
,
by
marshalling
all
his
other
excellencies
to
the
concealinent
of
this
deformity
.
While
he
has
a
mind
so
beclouded
,
as
to
abate
much
of
the
lusture
of
his
Fortitude
;
This
has
a
Soul
so
serene
,
as
even
to
lend
Rays
to
his
Pusillanimity
.
While
he
Arrests
his
Magnanimity
to
pay
the
debts
of
his
drunkenness
,
this
by
his
temperance
,
plays
the
good
Husband
,
and
contracts
none
.
Not
that
I
intend
this
for
a
Panegyrique
of
Cowardice
,
but
only
by
this
Antithesis
to
evince
how
grosely
they
mistake
,
who
think
all
Honour
placed
in
a
readiness
to
go
into
the
Field
upon
every
the
least
occasion
;
and
him
to
be
the
only
Gentleman
,
that
will
do
this
,
though
in
all
other
matters
he
be
vitiated
,
even
to
a
Debauch
.
But
taking
what
I
have
said
for
granted
,
the
consequence
will
be
this
:
That
Courage
alone
cannot
maintain
,
much
less
purchase
Honour
,
unless
there
be
a
consent
,
and
a
combination
of
the
other
vertues
to
assist
it
.
Arms
look
very
naked
without
Suporters
:
And
let
the
Soloecism
appear
how
great
soever
,
't
is
a
Truth
that
Affability
and
Meekness
is
the
best
varnish
to
Courage
,
which
(
like
vineger
)
will
fret
and
feed
upon
it self
,
unless
it
be
allayed
with
Water
,
or
some
more
innocent
Liquor
.
But
the
mischief
of
it
is
,
that
Men
are
now
generally
become
their
own
Heralds
,
they
will
not
remember
that
Honor
est
in
honorante
;
nor
be
beholding
to
the
World
for
that
Worship
,
which
they
conceive
to
be
a
just
Debt
to
their
Merit
.
They
grow
furious
,
and
are
like
Nebuchadnezer
:
for
putting
all
men
(
like
Neba
)
to
Death
that
will
not
Idolize
these
Images
of
their
own
setting
up
.
But
if
these
would
consider
that
their
Reputation
lyes
in
other
Mens
hands
,
they
would
certainly
remember
that
it
is
rather
to
be
won
with
gentleness
,
and
civility
,
than
by
rigor
and
force
.
The
suddain
snatching
of
so
brittle
a
Mettle
may
crack
it
,
when
Care
and
soft
usage
may
preserve
it
entire
.
And
the
best
advice
that
can
be
given
in
this
case
,
is
certainly
this
:
(
viz.
)
That
Men
would
be
so
Ingenious
as
to
get
a
Reputation
before
they
grow
so
very
Zealous
to
keep
it
.
But
there
is
a
Second
sort
of
Gentlemen
,
who
would
take
this
advice
as
an
Affront
,
because
they
come
not
under
the
scandal
of
Debauchery
:
And
yet
many
of
these
are
Peccant
in
a
more
than
commendable
forwardness
to
receive
affronts
,
though
not
so
ready
to
give
them
.
These
(
in
their
own
conceits
)
have
Honours
of
a
most
Prodigious
Magnitude
,
and
indeed
swel'd
to
that
Disproportion
,
that
it
is
rather
to
be
feared
they
are
puft
up
with
a
Tympany
of
Pride
,
than
consolidated
with
firm
Nobility
.
If
a
Man
that
has
not
the
Breeding
of
the
Town
come
into
their
Company
,
't
is
impossible
he
should
live
:
Alas
!
this
dull
Animal
cannot
breath
in
their
Aura
.
There
is
Civility
in
its
Purity
,
when
a
Man
that
does
not
understand
himself
can
neither
look
,
speak
,
nor
do
any
thing
but
what
is
taken
for
an
abuse
:
If
there
arise
any
Dispute
,
he
must
●ffer
nothing
in
opposition
,
but
what
must
be
Usher'd
in
with
a
by
your
pardon
Sir
,
I
think
't
is
so
—
And
indeed
the
ill-bred
Gentleman
may
gain
a
Fortune
in
the
Country
with
half
the
ceremony
that
he
must
here
make
use
of
to
Arm
himself
against
a
Challenge
.
I
confess
these
clowns
are
unhappy
in
their
want
of
Education
,
and
either
by
their
ill
Managery
of
their
actions
,
or
their
foolish
retorts
in
a
dispute
,
they
oftentimes
become
rediculous
in
themselves
,
and
abusive
to
others
.
But
yet
methinks
an
ingenious
Soul
should
make
these
Occurrences
the
object
of
his
Laughter
,
rather
than
of
his
Anger
.
I
would
have
Honour
like
the
Palm-Tree
,
to
rise
and
appear
vigorous
under
any
weight
,
and
not
like
the
Plant
we
call
Sensitive
,
to
shrink
in
at
every
little
Touch
.
But
the
two
instances
already
mentioned
come
not
fully
to
my
Purpose
:
the
disparity
is
such
that
it
seldom
proceeds
to
a
Duel
:
For
the
Hector
or
Ruffin
,
is
one
with
whom
scarce
any
man
will
Fight
,
and
the
Pedant
or
Buffoon
,
is
one
who
will
scarce
Fight
with
any
Man
.
The
former
is
usually
Compounded
with
,
and
the
latter
commonly
lets
fall
the
Suit
before
it
comes
to
a
Tryal
:
Therefore
before
you
bring
the
Man
of
Honour
upon
the
Stage
,
you
must
bring
him
a
Competitour
,
one
that
is
a
Gentleman
,
and
in
all
respects
lays
as
great
a
claim
to
Gallantry
as
himself
;
when
such
meet
upon
the
least
shadow
of
an
affront
arises
a
Quarrel
,
which
is
presently
seconded
with
a
Challenge
,
and
ends
in
a
Duel
,
as
if
it
were
impossible
for
these
Cocks
of
the
Game
to
see
one
another
without
Animosity
.
If
they
cannot
be
happy
in
a
better
occasion
,
the
taking
of
the
Wall
shall
serve
the
turn
,
and
if
either
attempts
to
go
next
it
,
his
Adversary
shall
do
his
best
to
verifie
the
Proverb
,
by
endeavouring
him
to
prove
him
the
weakest
.
But
almost
daily
experience
informs
us
of
worse
effects
of
the
Sword
,
than
those
we
hear
of
in
rencounters
,
of
which
,
if
we
inquire
into
the
causes
and
originals
,
we
shall
find
them
comprized
chiefly
in
three
Heads
:
namely
,
PLAY
,
WINE
and
WOMEN
.
And
whosoever
will
be
at
the
trouble
of
keeping
a
Diurnal
of
the
Transactions
of
this
City
,
I
dare
say
,
shall
scarce
need
any
other
Common-place
,
to
refer
all
the
Duels
that
have
been
fought
for
some
years
past
,
and
will
be
Fought
for
some
years
to
come
,
than
These
.
How
frequent
(
I
may
say
constant
)
effects
of
this
Nature
do
we
daily
find
to
be
the
Natural
consequences
of
Play
?
Passion
is
its
unseparable
Companion
,
and
if
Fortune
prove
ever
so
little
adverse
,
the
Loser
takes
occasion
to
Quarrel
,
not
only
at
Her
,
but
the
very
person
she
assists
,
though
(
perhaps
)
a
Bosom
Friend
,
or
a
neer
Relation
.
As
if
he
resolved
to
humour
his
Fortune
with
his
Carriage
,
and
scorned
to
behave
himself
well
,
when
the
Dice
run
ill
:
Every
unlucky
throw
puts
him
into
an
Outrage
,
and
being
grown
desperate
upon
the
loss
of
his
money
,
he
Pawns
his
Reason
:
Then
follow
the
God-dam-you's
,
and
Plague-confound-you's
:
Nay
,
and
't
is
much
if
he
give
not
the
Lye
,
or
the
Son
of
a
Whore
,
nor
is
it
at
all
to
be
admired
,
if
having
broken
out
into
Prophaness
,
he
keeps
not
within
the
Rules
of
Civility
.
These
(
I
confess
)
are
indignities
not
to
be
endured
,
and
let
a
Man
he
never
so
well
Armed
with
Moderation
or
Friendship
,
yet
such
assaults
as
these
,
presently
make
a
breach
,
and
force
him
to
Proclaim
open
War
.
So
that
in
effect
Speering's
Ordinary
proves
the
ready
way
to
Lambs-Conduit
;
and
a
smooth
Table
becomes
as
fatal
to
throw
Dice
upon
,
as
a
Drum-head
.
Nor
is
Wine
a
less
incendiary
to
these
kind
of
Heats
and
Quarrels
,
than
Play
:
Nay
,
most
commonly
it
is
the
first
mover
,
not
only
of
the
remoter
Effects
,
but
also
of
the
more
immediate
causes
;
for
Gameing
and
Whoring
would
be
meagre
and
disregarded
vices
,
were
they
not
pampered
up
with
Drinking
.
This
takes
away
those
Rubs
and
Obstacles
which
Sobrie●
Dictates
to
our
Reason
;
and
removes
those
Boomes
,
which
a
temperate
resolution
had
set
up
as
Guides
,
and
non
ultra's
,
and
while
we
miss
these
,
no
wonder
if
we
run
our selves
a
ground
:
Every
Man
when
he
is
Sober
,
knows
that
to
play
with
Rooks
and
Confederates
,
is
to
make
Ducks
and
Drakes
of
his
Money
;
and
yet
one
drunken
sit
removes
all
his
Jealousies
,
and
then
he
will
venture
himself
with
any
Fellows
,
and
his
money
at
any
rate
.
But
supposing
him
so
prudently
drunk
,
as
not
to
be
drawn
into
Play
,
't
is
odds
;
but
you
find
him
so
foolishly
Quarrelsom
,
as
that
way
to
run
himself
into
equal
inconveniencies
.
Not
one
in
twenty
but
is
so
grosely
abusive
,
that
it
is
beyond
the
patience
of
a
stranger
to
endure
it
:
Nay
,
even
his
most
intimate
acquaintance
know
not
where
to
have
him
;
their
good
advice
is
misconstrued
,
and
their
actions
of
friendship
mislikt
;
and
unless
they
have
less
wine
,
or
more
●it
in
their
Heads
than
he
,
you
may
rationally
expect
one
or
more
of
the
Company
in
the
literal
fence
Bloody-drunk
.
But
it
may
so
happen
that
they
are
intercepted
,
and
these
Intestine
(
I
cannot
call
them
civil
)
Broyls
reconcil'd
:
Yet
the
mischief
does
not
commonly
●nd
there
,
they
do
but
like
neighbouring
Princes
,
who
in
the
heat
of
War
make
a
League
,
and
both
joyn
against
a
common
Enemy
.
They
cannot
walk
(
or
rather
reel
)
the
Street
without
offering
an
affront
to
every
one
they
meet
.
The
best
qualified
Gentleman
,
or
the
modestest
Lady
cannot
pass
them
without
a
Rudeness
offered
:
So
that
tracing
them
from
the
Tavern
to
Whetstones-Park
,
you
will
assuredly
find
some
drops
of
Blood
,
or
hear
of
some
work
cut
out
for
the
next
Morning
.
And
then
indeed
begins
a
Tragi-comoedy
,
enough
to
make
Democritus
look
serious
,
or
Heraclitus
laugh
:
Were
there
a
thousand
Craessus's
,
't
is
impossible
they
should
contain
themselves
,
seeing
these
Asses
mumbling
Thistles
:
One
of
these
awakes
in
discontent
,
just
remembring
that
he
did
challenge
a
Gentleman
,
and
appointed
him
a
place
of
meeting
,
but
has
forgotten
where
:
A
Second
remembers
the
place
,
but
knows
nothing
else
of
the
Quarrel
.
A
third
remembers
the
Gentleman
to
have
been
most
grosely
abused
,
without
any
cause
at
all
.
Well
,
after
this
coucil
of
war
has
debated
the
thing
,
and
consulted
their
Honours
,
the
result
of
all
is
a
necessity
of
Fighting
.
Thus
as
the
Pope
proves
himself
infallible
by
maintaining
the
Errours
he
runs
into
:
so
these
Gentlemen
justifie
all
their
actions
to
be
Honourable
by
vindicating
those
that
are
otherwise
.
And
now
I
am
to
beg
pardon
of
the
Ladys
for
shouldring
them
into
any
concern
in
this
Tragedy
:
How
they
came
to
be
engaged
,
I
know
not
,
but
according
to
my
observation
,
they
are
rather
the
occasions
of
it
,
than
actors
in
it
.
We
have
a
saying
,
that
there
is
seldom
any
mischief
done
,
but
a
woman
is
at
one
end
of
it
.
But
in
this
case
,
the
mischief
proceeds
most
commanly
from
our
foolish
zeal
,
not
from
their
instigations
.
I
conceive
the
Precedence
due
to
those
that
are
honourable
,
and
therefore
I
shall
first
instance
in
them
;
such
(
I
mean
)
as
have
preserved
their
reputations
,
and
are
esteemed
Vertuous
:
and
certainly
no
such
person
can
be
thought
accessary
to
our
follies
,
or
a
fomentour
of
our
vices
,
but
it
(
as
the
Sophister
calls
it
)
causa
per
accidens
,
as
in
this
case
.
Supposing
a
Lady
Young
,
Rich
,
and
Handsom
,
having
done
that
,
you
suppose
her
surrounded
with
Servants
,
of
whom
possibly
she
Affects
one
more
Peculiarly
,
and
he
that
is
thus
happy
or
unfortunate
,
(
call
it
which
you
please
)
must
either
Relinquish
his
hopes
,
or
Maintain
them
with
his
Sword
.
If
he
be
Victorious
in
the
first
Encounter
,
he
shall
meet
with
a
Second
,
and
if
there
be
Twenty
of
these
Rivals
,
they
shall
have
the
Fate
of
Red
breasts
,
shut
up
in
an
Aviary
:
all
must
dye
save
one
,
and
none
must
enjoy
this
Venus
,
but
the
God
of
War
:
While
each
has
set
up
a
resolution
not
to
desire
her
Affection
,
but
win
it
;
which
to
effect
,
they
propose
no
other
way
,
than
by
destroying
the
object
of
it
:
and
yet
this
goes
for
a
piece
of
Gallantry
,
not
only
Justifiable
,
but
Meritorious
:
such
an
example
of
Knight-Errantry
,
as
that
a
Man
cannot
prove
himself
a
Gentleman
without
it
.
I
confess
I
admire
Actions
of
this
Nature
,
as
much
as
any
Man
,
but
it
is
for
the
rashness
and
folly
of
them
:
for
I
cannot
fancy
they
have
any
rational
aim
or
design
.
Do
men
hereby
propose
to
themselves
enjoyment
of
the
Lady
?
To
me
it
seems
very
improbable
that
such
a
wontan
as
we
have
already
supposed
,
should
love
a
Man
for
no
other
reason
but
that
he
has
Murthered
him
she
formerly
inclined
to
:
or
to
reward
the
improvident
Husband
with
the
Grapes
,
because
she
chatcht
him
cutting
down
the
supporters
of
the
Vine
.
But
allowing
this
to
be
well
received
on
the
Ladies
part
,
there
remains
yet
another
difficulty
to
be
removed
before
it
can
proceed
to
a
Sack-posset
:
there
is
a
place
hight
Newgate
,
and
a
Creature
ycleped
,
a
Judge
,
that
will
have
something
to
say
to
Mr.
Bridegroom
,
in
Potentia
,
who
perhaps
forbids
the
Banns
,
and
so
deprives
him
of
the
opportunity
of
being
called
handsom
Man
,
as
he
is
going
to
Church
,
but
gives
him
as
fair
a
one
as
he
is
going
to
the
Gallows
.
Thus
falls
this
Champion
of
Honour
a
Martyr
to
Love
,
and
he
that
fancied
himself
to
live
with
all
Imaginable
esteem
,
and
repute
,
now
dyes
with
unconceiveable
reproach
and
disgrace
,
confessing
that
Honour
in
Youth
is
but
an
itch
o'
th'
blood
,
Of
doing
things
extravagantly
good
.
Yet
,
I
confess
,
of
all
instances
this
last
,
as
't
is
the
most
excusable
in
it
self
,
so
't
is
the
least
deplorable
in
the
consequences
of
it
:
because
he
that
suffers
is
a
single
person
,
and
pays
no
debts
but
those
of
his
own
contracting
:
whereas
in
some
cases
,
though
the
Halter
puts
an
end
to
a
Mans
Life
and
Honour
together
,
yet
the
Shame
and
Misery
survives
to
his
Posterity
(
if
he
has
any
.
)
't
is
possible
the
Pendant
Gentleman
may
leave
a
Widow
and
Orphans
bewailing
his
Dishonour
,
and
their
own
Misfortune
:
for
while
he
makes
a
forfiture
of
his
estate
to
the
King
,
and
his
good
Name
to
the
World
,
he
Entails
upon
them
nothing
but
Seandal
and
Beggery
.
As
these
Disasters
therefore
are
not
always
occasioned
by
Civil
WOMEN
,
so
neither
are
they
always
the
effects
of
Love
:
For
if
a
Gentleman
be
handing
a
Lady
along
the
Street
(
whatever
she
be
)
how
unmercifully
stout
does
he
grow
upon
a
suddain
,
a
Man
cannot
pass
by
this
shrine
,
but
he
must
do
it
reverence
,
at
least
by
keeping
a
fit
distance
,
if
casually
he
gives
her
the
least
justle
,
't
is
ten
to
one
but
this
zealous
Gallant
,
out
of
an
ambition
to
ingratiate
himself
,
and
appear
a
Man
of
mettle
,
comes
out
with
his
Damme
!
what
d
'ee
mean
.
or
how
now
Logger-head
,
what
's
that
for
?
and
either
he
draws
himself
,
or
gives
the
other
provocation
enough
to
do
it
.
Is
not
this
the
Mode
of
the
Town
:
and
do
not
several
occurrences
like
these
happen
in
a
Year
?
Insomuch
that
many
times
men
lose
their
lives
in
vindicating
the
reputation
of
a
common
Whore
;
as
if
Honour
(
by
a
kind
of
Antiperistasis
)
were
to
be
maintained
by
things
dishonourable
,
or
(
like
the
Fig-tree
)
did
flourish
best
,
when
planted
near
to
Rue
.
And
now
having
traced
these
disturbed
and
unpleasant
streams
through
all
their
by-paths
,
and
Moeanders
,
from
their
several
spring-heads
,
down
to
the
Red-Sea
,
whether
they
all
tend
.
I
think
it
time
to
cast
an
eye
toward
the
Mountain
tops
:
Those
(
I
mean
)
of
the
Nobility
&
Gentry
,
who
either
by
their
Valour
or
Wisdom
,
are
grown
to
a
greatness
and
height
above
the
level
of
other
men
.
To
whom
I
intend
not
to
be
so
unjust
,
as
to
endeavour
to
raze
or
undermine
those
Pyramids
,
which
either
their
Ancestours
or
themselves
have
erected
as
perpetual
Memorials
of
their
Honour
.
And
indeed
,
could
I
be
so
malicious
,
or
daring
,
to
attempt
this
,
how
strangely
would
my
endeavours
be
intercepted
,
when
our
English
Noble-men
,
like
those
of
Troy
,
put
forth
their
assisting
hand
,
to
their
own
destruction
,
and
themselves
become
instrumental
to
the
Demollishing
of
their
own
Babel
?
If
two
of
these
Structures
stand
neer
together
,
lifting
up
their
heads
of
equal
height
,
what
aemulation
and
envy
does
it
beget
,
one
must
be
pulled
down
,
e're
the
other
can
be
thought
throughly
established
?
as
if
the
Temple
of
Honour
could
be
well
built
upon
nothing
but
its
own
ruines
:
or
like
the
Capitol
,
it
could
not
be
firmly
founded
,
but
where
the
builders
find
a
dead
Mans
skul
.
So
that
if
you
take
a
strickt
Survey
of
any
of
these
,
you
will
find
the
Walls
graced
(
as
they
call
it
)
with
several
Hic
jacet's
;
of
which
kind
of
Monuments
,
the
more
there
are
,
the
more
beautiful
and
gorgeous
is
the
Fabrick
esteemed
.
Thus
do
they
make
Honour
a
Canibal
,
or
Horsleach
,
hungry
for
want
of
Mans
flesh
,
and
thirsting
after
blood
;
and
intimate
to
the
World
that
there
is
a
God
of
Honour
,
so
incensed
,
that
nothing
will
apease
him
but
Human
Sacrifice
,
and
that
his
Votaries
must
offer
nothing
at
his
Altar
,
but
like
the
Priests
of
Baal
,
with
the
dreadful
Cerimony
of
Cutting
and
Wounding
.
This
kind
of
Religion
I
dare
not
contradict
or
reprove
,
it
being
the
constant
resolve
of
the
Maturest
deliberations
,
to
attempt
Achievements
of
this
Nature
,
and
the
Pride
and
Glory
of
the
stoutest
Champions
,
to
be
blest
in
these
their
undertakings
,
with
a
Prosperous
success
,
of
whom
he
is
the
most
Honourable
that
has
the
most
Gules
in
his
Escutcheon
,
and
the
most
happy
that
has
enroll'd
the
greatest
number
of
Martyrs
in
the
Kalender
of
Honour
.
This
,
for
ought
I
know
,
may
not
be
an
errour
in
Planets
of
the
Superiour
Orbs
:
but
sure
I
am
,
it
begets
one
in
the
inferiour
and
sublunary
bodies
,
who
while
they
look
upon
these
as
true
lights
,
and
safe
guides
,
find
themselves
(
as
by
an
Ignis
fatuus
)
benighted
,
and
seduced
.
Noblemen
cannot
but
discern
how
Gentlemen
of
less
quality
throng
and
croud
to
come
as
neer
them
as
is
possible
,
imitating
them
according
to
(
nay
beyond
)
their
Abilities
,
in
their
Habit
,
Carriage
,
and
all
pieces
of
Gallantry
:
Nay
,
even
in
their
Vices
;
esteeming
all
things
Lawful
,
or
at
least
Creditable
which
are
worthy
of
their
pursuit
.
And
were
it
not
an
easie
matter
for
them
to
bring
this
foolish
and
rash
way
of
Duelling
into
contempt
,
by
being
neither
examples
nor
countenancers
of
it
?
It
would
be
Arogance
in
me
,
to
propose
any
way
for
the
effecting
of
this
,
but
my
confidence
of
the
Facility
of
it
is
(
I
believe
)
well
grounded
,
for
all
Men
know
,
that
whosoever
kills
a
Man
in
a
Duel
,
is
Ipso
Facto
,
to
be
put
to
death
by
the
Law
,
and
yet
the
Fountain
of
Honour
,
and
the
Lawgiver
,
are
one
and
the
same
Person
:
(
Viz
.
)
The
King
:
whom
we
must
Accriminate
with
absurd
and
incongruous
contradictions
in
his
actions
,
if
we
suppose
him
to
confer
Honour
upon
a
Person
,
and
then
immediately
make
such
Laws
,
which
if
he
obeys
't
is
possible
for
him
to
preserve
.
Were
there
no
other
means
to
be
used
for
the
preservation
of
a
Man's
Honour
,
but
to
Duel
the
person
that
assaulted
it
,
is
it
to
be
imagined
that
there
would
ever
have
been
so
severe
a
Law
against
Duelling
?
so
then
,
the
necessity
of
Fighting
must
be
removed
,
or
the
incongruity
allowed
,
which
would
be
flat
Treason
.
A
Man
is
dub'd
Knight
Banneret
in
the
Field
,
for
some
signal
piece
of
Service
;
is
this
person
therefore
obliged
to
challenge
every
Hot-headed
Boy
,
that
shall
call
him
Coward
at
home
?
or
may
he
not
by
a
Sober
and
Prudent
carriage
maintain
his
Honour
without
it
:
and
order
it
so
,
that
the
Pert
Youth
appear
a
Ridiculous
Child
,
while
he
proves
himself
as
Prudent
as
Stout
.
And
have
we
not
many
gallant
examples
of
this
temper
in
the
Kingdom
?
Are
there
not
Men
of
unquestioned
Valour
,
who
have
made
the
Enemy
confess
them
to
be
Lyons
,
and
yet
will
suffer
these
wanton
Kids
to
leap
into
their
very
mouths
without
harm
?
By
which
means
(
I
think
)
they
rather
confirm
themselves
to
be
true
bred
,
than
give
any
man
occasion
to
suppose
them
degenerate
.
And
now
(
I
fancy
)
I
have
but
one
sort
of
Men
left
to
deal
with
:
(
viz.
)
Those
that
allow
Duels
to
he
unlawful
,
and
consequently
dishonourable
;
and
yet
out
of
a
vain
glorious
humour
will
venture
at
all
,
resolving
to
purchase
the
Name
of
Man
,
though
with
the
Epethets
of
foolish
or
miserable
.
Yet
I
am
of
an
opinion
,
that
if
the
good
Laws
provided
in
this
case
were
duly
executed
,
much
of
this
fool-hardiness
would
be
abated
.
But
I
can
never
hope
to
convince
one
by
Reason
,
whom
the
remissness
of
Justice
,
or
abundance
of
Mercy
has
thus
emboldned
:
and
therefore
I
will
try
(
if
he
be
not
above
Fear
)
to
deter
him
,
by
setting
before
him
the
unequal
terms
upon
which
he
must
sometimes
fight
.
This
Catholique
Dueller
must
be
supposed
to
maintain
his
Honour
in
all
places
,
and
with
all
persons
:
If
so
,
than
fancying
him
to
be
small
in
stature
,
or
to
have
any
natural
defect
,
or
impediment
whereby
he
is
rendred
uncapable
of
bearing
up
against
one
every
way
compleat
,
is
it
probable
that
such
a
one
should
be
Victorious
?
So
that
this
poor
Lamb
goes
into
the
field
but
as
a
victim
to
Honour
,
and
dies
with
double
disadvantage
to
be
first
abused
,
and
afterwards
killed
for
it
:
and
all
the
benefit
that
he
reaps
by
it
,
is
the
Encomium
of
pretty
mettl'd
fellow
,
and
the
Elegy
,
of
a
thou
sand
pitties
.
Thus
does
he
gain
compassion
instead
of
Honour
,
and
Fools
Paradice
instead
of
Heaven
.
But
though
Probability
gives
this
Gyant
the
Victory
,
yet
't
is
possible
that
Fortune
may
so
guide
the
Pigmy's
sword
,
that
it
may
reach
the
heart
of
this
Man
of
Gath
,
who
upon
such
an
accident
,
falls
with
all
imaginable
disgrace
;
so
that
in
an
unequal
Duel
't
is
almost
impossible
for
either
of
the
Sword-men
to
obtain
even
that
which
the
vauntingest
huff
miscalls
Honour
;
for
in
the
first
instance
the
infirmities
of
the
Enemy
are
traduced
as
blots
in
the
Escucheon
of
the
Victor
,
and
in
the
last
,
the
Conquest
is
wholly
ascribed
to
Chance
:
and
therefore
I
approve
of
the
answer
given
by
a
Gentleman
,
who
having
a
great
Impediment
in
his
Eyes
,
desired
his
Antagonist
(
who
Challenged
him
at
Rapier
)
to
meet
him
in
a
dark
Cellar
with
a
Hatchet
:
But
fancying
all
desired
Parity
,
persons
equal
in
Strength
,
Skill
,
and
Courage
,
how
Casual
then
is
the
Event
!
Certainly
in
such
a
case
the
Victor
must
allow
himself
indebted
to
Fortune
for
his
Success
,
because
(
as
I
said
)
there
is
an
equallity
.
Might
not
such
Desperadoes
as
these
,
be
perswaded
upon
a
mutual
affront
,
to
draw
cuts
for
their
lives
,
agreeing
that
he
who
drew
the
shortest
should
hang
himself
to
give
the
other
satisfaction
?
Why
not
?
For
the
prudence
of
this
way
't
is
certainly
the
best
,
because
the
equallest
,
having
its
whole
dependance
upon
a
casualty
;
whereas
in
a
Duel
one
of
the
Combatants
may
have
the
advantage
of
skill
.
For
the
mettle
of
it
,
't
is
the
stoutest
,
because
one
of
them
must
assuredly
dye
;
whereas
in
a
Duel
a
Coward
may
encourage
himself
with
the
hopes
of
being
disarmed
,
or
lightly
wounded
:
For
the
mercy
of
it
,
't
is
the
most
commendable
;
for
here
only
one
perisheth
,
whereas
in
a
Duel
both
may
be
slain
,
or
desperately
hurt
:
For
the
satisfaction
of
it
,
't
is
the
compleatest
;
for
here
a
Man
has
Plenary
Restitution
,
made
by
the
Offenders
own
hands
,
while
he
lives
at
peace
and
liberty
,
to
enjoy
the
happiness
:
whereas
in
a
Duel
,
though
he
does
kill
his
Adversary
,
yet
the
Laws
call
a
Man
into
question
,
and
perhaps
take
away
his
Life
:
For
the
pleasure
of
it
,
't
is
(
without
doubt
)
the
most
ticking
;
for
here
you
may
please
your self
with
seeing
your
Enemy
do
Execution
artificially
upon
himself
,
whilst
you
stand
by
as
a
safe
Spectator
:
whereas
in
a
Duel
the
danger
much
abates
of
the
Lechery
:
And
lastly
,
for
the
Honour
of
it
,
't
is
far
the
greatest
:
for
here
the
vanquisht
is
but
hang'd
:
and
that
only
in
sight
of
two
or
three
Friends
(
perhaps
:
)
whereas
in
a
Duel
,
the
conquerour
many
times
suffers
a
more
ignominious
death
,
even
among
Malefactors
,
and
before
thousands
of
beholders
.
What
a
Ridiculous
Soloecism
in
Morrals
is
Duelling
!
when
even
so
Bruitish
a
proposition
as
this
,
should
appear
far
more
Rational
and
Eligible
.
But
there
is
one
thing
yet
behind
,
which
hugely
agravates
the
indiscretion
of
it
,
that
indeed
whereby
the
name
of
Folly
is
swallowed
up
in
madness
:
That
is
the
use
of
Seconds
.
How
this
custome
crept
into
the
World
,
I
cannot
tell
,
but
to
me
it
seems
the
most
absurd
that
can
be
thought
of
:
I
am
not
so
well
versed
in
Martial
History
,
as
to
give
you
an
account
of
the
Original
of
these
.
But
sure
I
am
,
if
they
were
intended
for
good
,
their
Design
is
strangely
perverted
:
Were
they
Spectatours
only
to
see
that
no
Foul
play
(
as
they
call
it
)
be
offered
:
or
such
as
might
be
assistant
,
as
Chirurgeons
,
it
were
tollerable
:
But
as
they
are
now
used
,
't
is
a
Frenzy
not
to
be
Parallel'd
.
I
need
not
inform
the
compleat
Dueller
that
the
Mode
now
adays
,
is
for
all
the
Seconds
to
draw
at
once
with
the
Principal
;
and
among
them
the
Engagement
is
as
vigorous
as
if
each
were
the
very
person
that
first
gave
the
affront
.
This
indeed
is
Honour
in
it
's
purity
!
wherein
the
most
curious
eye
cannot
discern
the
least
dregs
:
this
is
that
excellently
refined
Mettal
,
which
will
endure
the
nicest
touch
of
the
choicest
Loadstone
!
The
Principal
may
be
encouraged
by
Passion
,
or
animated
by
Revenge
,
but
here
's
he
that
will
fight
with
any
man
in
the
quarrel
of
a
Friend
;
nay
,
of
a
Stranger
,
quickned
by
no
other
Spur
than
that
of
Honour
:
In
Heavens
Name
!
what
irreconcileable
absurdities
?
what
unavoidable
dangers
do
men
voluntarily
run
into
?
was
ever
,
(
no
't
is
impossible
)
any
thing
in
the
world
so
heteradox
to
reason
,
nay
,
to
common-sence
,
as
this
?
for
a
man
to
go
into
the
Field
,
to
meet
he
knows
not
whom
,
perhaps
a
bosom
Friend
:
to
fight
in
justification
of
he
knows
not
what
,
it
may
be
giving
the
Lye
:
to
lose
his
life
in
Complezance
,
he
knows
not
how
:
possibly
by
being
over-power'd
by
two
or
three
This
is
an
Intreague
,
that
for
my
Som
I
cannot
comprehend
:
A
Gordian
knot
so
interwoven
,
and
complicated
,
that
were
Alexander
himself
alive
,
it
would
nonplus
both
him
and
his
Sword
.
What
can
be●th
Riddle
of
this
!
Do
men
propose
safety
to
themselves
,
by
electing
Seconds
?
If
they
do
,
I
deny
their
Major
.
For
if
either
of
the
Seconds
fall
,
I
suppose
(
pardon
me
if
I
err
)
he
that
flew
him
,
may
if
he
please
,
return
to
the
assistance
of
his
own
principal
;
and
then
there
are
two
against
one
.
So
that
one
chosen
for
a
safe
guard
,
may
become
either
through
his
want
of
skill
,
or
good
luck
,
destructive
to
the
Person
for
whom
he
Engages
.
But
there
is
yet
a
a
greater
inconvenience
that
attends
this
Folly
:
For
when
only
two
fight
,
't
is
very
possible
that
satisfaction
may
be
had
without
the
Death
of
either
.
But
in
this
case
where
four
or
six
engage
,
't
is
not
to
be
imagined
they
shall
all
escape
,
and
all
Men
know
that
the
Death
of
either
,
renders
all
parties
concerned
as
obnoxious
to
the
Law
,
as
if
each
were
the
man
that
had
given
him
his
mortal
wound
.
In
my
apprehension
,
such
undertakers
seem
to
have
no
other
Plot
,
than
by
setting
themselves
beyond
the
bounds
of
safety
,
to
let
the
World
know
how
little
they
fear
Death
:
And
does
not
every
fellow
that
is
possest
with
Despair
,
a
Frenzy
,
the
Devil
,
or
what
you
will
call
it
,
while
he
Stabs
,
Hangs
,
or
Drowns
himself
,
deserve
to
be
enrolled
among
these
Martyrs
of
Honour
,
upon
the
same
account
?
I
think
he
does
.
But
to
what
purpose
do
I
argue
,
when
even
mens
own
inclinations
supersede
my
reasonings
.
In
this
case
men
by
a
Diabolical
kind
of
infatuation
,
do
that
which
they
would
not
,
and
confute
the
succession
of
Action
and
Election
.
't
is
in
vain
to
diswade
a
man
from
an
enterprize
,
when
he
says
himself
,
—
Video
meliora
proboque
Deteriora
sequor
.
—
Nor
can
I
rationally
expect
such
mens
compliance
with
my
arguments
,
who
cannot
be
obedient
to
their
own
wills
.
I
dare
appeal
to
any
Man
,
whether
he
ever
went
into
the
Field
(
to
fight
a
Duel
I
mean
)
unconcernedly
:
or
having
slain
his
adversary
,
returned
joyfully
.
And
can
this
be
true
Honour
that
has
Regret
for
its
Companion
,
and
Sorrow
for
its
Lackey
?
And
now
having
gone
so
far
,
as
to
decry
Duelling
,
and
to
declare
it
as
my
opinion
,
that
a
wounded
reputation
is
not
to
be
cured
by
weapon-salve
:
It
may
be
expected
that
I
should
propose
some
more
justifiable
way
for
the
satisfaction
of
a
Person
injured
in
his
good
Name
,
by
the
reproaches
of
another
.
But
I
conceive
it
improper
to
prepare
Restoratives
,
before
a
Patient
is
satisfied
that
he
is
distempered
:
and
Rude
,
thus
to
endeavour
to
drench
him
into
Health
against
his
Will
;
and
take
away
the
edge
of
that
,
which
he
calls
a
good
stomach
,
when
,
indeed
,
it
is
appetitus
caninus
.
But
if
the
attempt
I
have
made
,
chance
to
work
any
way
upon
the
Spirits
of
the
Duellist
,
so
as
to
bring
him
to
himself
,
out
of
those
raving
fits
,
in
which
there
is
no
coming
neer
him
,
without
danger
;
I
have
those
Lenitives
in
store
,
that
will
not
(
I
hope
)
prove
so
Ganenically
nauseating
,
but
that
he
may
down
with
them
:
nor
so
Spirituous
,
and
Chimical
,
but
that
he
may
take
them
safely
:
such
as
I
dare
say
,
will
be
conducing
to
long
Life
,
and
effect
the
Cure
(
as
the
Quack's
Bill
runs
)
without
hindrance
of
business
,
or
loss
of
reputation
.
And
if
this
first
Essay
find
the
least
of
a
favourable
reception
among
Men
,
I
shall
adventure
upon
a
second
endeavour
,
to
shew
how
in
most
cases
a
Man's
Honour
may
be
preserv'd
without
Duels
:
and
remove
the
Tyranical
imposition
of
sitting
at
a
Feast
with
a
Sword
hanging
over
our
heads
,
fastned
only
by
a
hair
.
Yet
least
I
should
never
meet
with
this
encouragement
;
I
only
say
in
general
,
he
that
will
preserve
his
Honour
entire
,
and
his
Reputation
sound
;
let
him
be
morally
good
;
let
him
behave
himself
submissively
towards
his
Superiours
,
Valliantly
towards
his
Enemies
,
Civilly
towards
his
Equals
,
and
Courteously
towards
his
Inferiours
;
such
a
Deportment
as
this
will
prove
a
gag
to
Malice
,
and
a
scourge
to
Slander
:
and
whosoever
is
of
this
temper
,
will
soon
find
that
the
satisfaction
a
man
gives
to
the
World
,
by
his
own
life
,
is
better
than
that
which
he
reaps
to
himself
by
another
Man's
Death
.
FINIS
.